Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
  • C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
  • C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
  • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures

Definitions

• the invention relates to a highly refractory inorganic foam body, a process for its production and the use of the foam body.
• DE 39 23 284 C2 describes a thermal insulation material which can be proven to remain volume-stable for hours in a temperature range of 2100 ° C - the flame temperature of a welding torch.
• This property is undoubtedly achieved by the mineral composition, quartz powder and sodium silicate, with a density of 50 to 400 kg / m 3 .
• the low thermal conductivity is caused by the presence of the air cells. But despite the large number of air cells with the very sensitive walls from the broken sensitive mineral material, suitable measures can be used in the inventive product, for example to achieve sufficient abrasion resistance in the peripheral zones.
• gelatinous hydrogel precipitates from amorphous aluminum oxide, which gradually converts to crystalline aluminum metahydroxide, AIO (OH).
• AIO crystalline aluminum metahydroxide
• the gelatinous precipitate initially formed contains different amounts of water, some of which are absorbed and some of which are chemically bound.
• Such precipitates can gradually form stoichiometrically well-defined hydroxides.
• aluminum oxide in the art (still called alumina hydrates) the composition Al 2 0 • H 2 O or Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 3 H2O had and thus would be hydrated.
• studies have shown that the precipitates are real hydroxides. From Römpp Chemistry Lexicon - Version 2.0, Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1999 knows that AI (OH) 3 itself can be used as a flame retardant in finely divided form.
• insulation materials are intended to keep a building's cold temperatures of -30 ° C, for example, or tropical temperatures of +40 ° C to keep room temperatures low.
• Resin foams burn vigorously with smoke and toxic gases at over 100 ° C, but are still insulating materials (formerly insulating materials).
• DE 199 09 077 AI relates to a highly refractory inorganic foam body, a process for its production and the use of the foam body.
• the object of the invention is to develop new foam bodies, in particular fire protection materials, which are extremely reliable. can protect from these temperature ranges for several hours - for example 4 to 6 hours.
• the invention has also set itself the task of solving the problem of using elevators, in particular passenger elevators, continuously for hours in the event of a fire.
• the present invention relates to a highly refractory inorganic foam body consisting of an at least partially open-celled, foamed and hardened mixture of alkali water glass and aluminum hydroxide as well as one or more fillers from the group aluminum oxides, silicon oxides, alumina cement, rock powder or mixtures thereof with a bulk density in the range of 200 to 900 kg / m 3 .
• cooling means absorbing heat calories.
• gypsum for example, a plate of 1 m 2 15 mm thick should contain 3 liters of crystal water. Vaporizing this amount is said to absorb approximately 8400 kJ or 2000 kcal of energy.
• Gypsum normally has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 2.1 W / mK. The evaporation causes a considerable reduction in the heat transfer in the material.
• this cooling effect is based on this evaporation of the chemically bound crystal water molecule
• curve a shows that after this 20 min cooling effect, the curve goes up steeply, after about 60 min the temperature on the back is around 400 ° C, i.e. well above the limit of 140 K. Such a plate would be classified as F 30.
• the optimal thickness of the inventive foam insulation material will therefore be 80 mm with a presumed result: maximum height after 250 min with 130 K, then continuously decreasing and that is the most impressive of the inventive material.
• the improvement over DE 39 23 284 C2 is that, according to the invention, the cooling effect by evaporation of the crystal water at high fire temperatures was recognized and used accordingly, but also in the second step by using aluminum hydroxide to increase the evaporation effect of the water molecules.
• these cladding and cladding materials must meet minimum requirements, such as a perfect aesthetic appearance, high impact strength and / or scratch resistance when cladding steel supports in rooms.
• the fire protection cladding must withstand a water jet pressure of 2 bar for 1 minute (Section 6.2.10).
• the edge zone compression including the tensile reinforcement already mentioned in detail in DE 39 23 284 C2 also has an important function according to the invention. It is the idea of bionics, like a human or animal bone: light on the inside, extreme hardness on the outside. Such a bionic formation of an incombustible insulation material is not possible with other incombustible materials, such as calcium silicate and gypsum board, because of the two factors of the complete absence of air cells and the absence of tensile reinforcements.
• the foaming chemicals that are occasionally used do not have a mechanical surface hardness either.
• All fire protection materials according to the invention contain sodium / potassium silicates as binders. These bring a very important advantage when used for steel and reinforced concrete cladding in practice: the silicate solutions are the only inorganic refractory adhesive. This makes it particularly easy and efficient to attach to steel surfaces, for example.
• the steel side receives a coating of the mixture of mineral powder (aluminum hydroxide) and sodium silicate, as does the surface of the inventive fire protection board to be used.
• Such an attachment for example below a sheet steel ceiling in this way, is immediately adhesive and does not need to be supported.
• the foam bodies according to the invention for example fire protection panels, also have excellent airborne sound absorption.
• the mineral, open-cell structure already results in efficient absorption of the airborne sound waves that occur. This effect can be achieved, for example, by a refractory perforated plate or by milling the surface into small pyramids, as shown in FIG. 3.
• the dimensions of doors and fire protection doors can be standardized. 4
• the construction of a generally usable incombustible and highly fire-resistant inner and outer door is described. But not only in the event of a fire, the foam according to the invention has a cooling effect, but is also completely water and water vapor tight for wet rooms, impact and scratch resistant, veneerable on both sides, glazable and bulletproof.
• the compact door leaf 1 consists of the foam according to the invention, which contains a reinforcement 2 that is resistant to bending tension.
• the frame 3 has the same properties as the door leaf 1 (cheaper than the most common steel profile due to the fire behavior, heat conduction, etc.).
• the masonry 4 and the interior plaster 5 are also shown.
• FIG. 5 A special construction for a fire door according to the invention instead of a sheet steel door is shown in FIG. 5.
• the two thin mineral intermediate plates 3a, 3b made of the foam bodies according to the invention ensure cooling.
• the special effect of a strong, the heat transfer efficiency is seen preventing • that the water molecules penetrate into the mineral fiber zones and continue to absorb these fiber zones by the cooling calories during evaporation.
• the outer shaping composite panels la, lb according to the invention with cooling effect are welded to frame panels 7 (1 to 1.5 mm) in a pyramid shape.
• Mineral fiber plates 6a, 6b are located between see two layers of foam body according to the invention.
• the reference numerals 4, 5 and 6 have the same meaning as in Fig. 6.
• the production of fire protection cladding is a particularly important area of the present invention, in particular the fire protection of steel and reinforced concrete columns in rooms.
• the surface of these claddings must be mechanically strong, in particular, to withstand the pressure of the extinguishing water jet on the surfaces at 2 bar.
• the use and the constructive design of the fire protection insulation materials according to the invention in these and other constructive designs achieve the highest security levels.
• a high level of security in the construction and in the conversion of skyscrapers is possible with the use and correct use in the usual wall thicknesses of the fire protection materials according to the invention.
• All high-rise buildings, skyscrapers or similar buildings have stairwells, especially emergency stairwells in the event of a fire, so that people can get outside.
• Elevators always move in an elevator shaft and since low-voltage cables are housed in this shaft, a temperature of 60 ° C should not be exceeded in the event of a fire. As a result, the entire shaft that goes through all floors must be covered with thermal insulation so that the interior does not exceed 60 ° C.
• FIG. 6 A design option for high-fire-resistant end doors in the floor as well as in the car cabins is shown in FIG. 6, in which the composite material according to the invention for the frame shown here has an F 120 value in the test, for example of 18 mm.
• the mineral composite material 1 with cooling effect according to the invention has a tension reinforcement 2.
• the stainless steel sheets 8 are welded onto the composite frame with the sodium silicate.
• FIG. 7 shows an elevator according to the invention.
• a conventional vehicle basket 9 made of steel is located in a conventional shell construction 10 made of reinforced or reinforced concrete.
• cladding this structural wall with incombustible thermal insulation materials according to the present invention ensures that the inside temperature of the continuous elevator shaft does not exceed a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C. even after hours.
• the inner sliding doors 11, 11a, 11b and 11c of the vehicle cage delimit the elevator shaft inwards, while the floor-side sliding doors 12, 12a, 12b and 12c form the end of the shaft to the building.
• the fire-resistant closure according to the invention is formed by the highly refractory inorganic foam bodies according to the present invention. If necessary, this is set by sensors in the event of a fire.
• the lateral smoke-tight connections 14, 14a are optionally pressed against the mechanical guides by thin steel sheets 15, 15a.
• FIG. 8 A variant of the above-mentioned construction idea is shown in FIG. 8.
• a shell structure 10 of a vehicle shaft is adequately thermally protected on the ceiling by a thermal and flame-resistant cladding 6.
• Triggered by a smoke and / or temperature sensor is the fire and gas-tight end body 1, la, lb, which is already completely smoke-proof due to its own weight at 16a and 16b, lowered.
• a gap-like opening 17 for inserting a handy object ensures that the body is pushed upwards, for example if the fire brigade wants to get to the source of the fire with hoses.
• the entrance halls in which the passenger lifts end usually have room heights of over 4.0 m.
• the molded body according to the invention against fire heat and flue gases from only one piece, while such a multi-stage arrangement can be provided for a room height of less than 3.10 m.
• the interior doors in high-rise buildings, in particular for use as offices, are made of wood-based materials and are the escape routes to the stairs or elevators.
• cellulose now ignites at over 150 ° C and this temperature is exceeded according to DIN 4102 after a fire in the room for 1 minute.
• the door to the hallway quickly catches fire and the smoke smoke moves into the escape route. If this room is close to the emergency staircase, the people who want to escape from the other rooms are hindered or poisoned by the smoke zone within the emergency corridor.
• the second weak point in the room in the event of a fire the window construction, can also be reliably protected in the same way, because the flames are blowing upwards.
• the foam body is characterized in that it contains aluminum hydroxide in an amount of 60 to 80% by weight and in the powder dimensions (polymodal grain size distribution) is mixed.
• the mineral mixture has less compressive strength. If, on the other hand, the amount I of aluminum hydroxide is chosen too large, the mineral mixture lacks the internal adhesive liquid glass.
• a further embodiment of the present invention consists in a process for producing the above-mentioned foam bodies, wherein a mixture of alkali water glass and optionally a filler from the group consisting of aluminum oxides, silicon oxides, alumina cement, stone powder or mixtures thereof, which furthermore contains aluminum hydroxide, with a blowing agent added and heated at a temperature in the range of 200 to 300 ° C.
• Azodicarbonamide is particularly preferably used as a blowing agent in the sense of the present invention.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is the use of the above-mentioned foam bodies for the production of refractory components in building construction, civil engineering and civil engineering.
• the foam bodies according to the invention for fire and smoke-tight sealing of elevator shafts or elevator doors.
• fire protection doors fire protection cladding, data backup cabinets and rooms, disk inserts, fastenings, fire protection closures, cable and pipe closures, smoke control flaps, fire aprons, etc.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2003
  • 2003-08-01 DE DE10335232A patent/DE10335232A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2004
  • 2004-07-28 JP JP2006522294A patent/JP2007500670A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-07-28 EP EP04763598A patent/EP1648841A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-07-28 KR KR1020067002162A patent/KR20060052958A/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2004-07-28 US US10/566,557 patent/US20060266263A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-07-28 CN CNA2004800286802A patent/CN1863746A/zh active Pending
  • 2004-07-28 CA CA002535200A patent/CA2535200A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-07-28 WO PCT/EP2004/008493 patent/WO2005012207A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-07-28 AU AU2004260720A patent/AU2004260720A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2006
  • 2006-01-30 IL IL173437A patent/IL173437A0/en unknown
  • 2006-01-31 ZA ZA200600910A patent/ZA200600910B/xx unknown
  • 2006-03-01 NO NO20061010A patent/NO20061010L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

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