EP1646745B1 - Method and device for hydroentangling a web made of a fibrous cellulose product, and a web of this type - Google Patents

Method and device for hydroentangling a web made of a fibrous cellulose product, and a web of this type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1646745B1
EP1646745B1 EP04767371.0A EP04767371A EP1646745B1 EP 1646745 B1 EP1646745 B1 EP 1646745B1 EP 04767371 A EP04767371 A EP 04767371A EP 1646745 B1 EP1646745 B1 EP 1646745B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jets
web
grooves
row
section
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EP04767371.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1646745A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Louis Dit Picard
Philippe Gregoire
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Essity Operations France SAS
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SCA Tissue France SAS
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Publication of EP1646745A1 publication Critical patent/EP1646745A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technique of hydraulic bonding or hydrolysis of a sheet of fibers, and is aimed in particular at a means for obtaining a determined surface state on a sheet of cellulosic fibers, in particular of hydrophilic cotton, optionally mixed with artificial or synthetic fibers.
  • the present invention also relates to a hydraulically bonded web.
  • a known method of hydrolysis is to treat a sheet of fibers using jets of water at high pressure, in order to entangle all or part of the fibers and modify some of its characteristics.
  • this method seeks to modify the mechanical strength and the linting.
  • the fiber web is supported by a porous web that moves in a direction perpendicular to the alignments of the water jets.
  • an apparatus comprising one or more injectors arranged transversely with respect to the direction of movement of the sheet of fibers.
  • an injector comprises a channel-shaped high-pressure chamber communicating on one side with a blade provided with calibrated perforations, of circular shape, all of the same diameter and of adapted profile.
  • the blade is referred to herein as the strip. This term is used later.
  • the distribution channel is fed by pumps supplying water at a high pressure, from a few bars to 300 bars.
  • the perforations commonly have a diameter of between 80 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m and are regularly spaced along the strip. The spacing is between 0.2 and 10 mm. There are commercially available metal strips with one to three rows of perforations. In the case of more than one row, the perforations are staggered.
  • the porous web on which the web of fibers is extended, is driven along a flat table or on a rotated cylinder.
  • the fabric allows the water to pass through the fibrous web, and suction means formed under the fabric ensures the evacuation.
  • this device From a certain basis weight or thickness of the sheet, this device has the result immediately visible the realization of a relief formed of continuous lines, generally rectilinear, parallel to each other, and regularly spaced at the surface of the sheet.
  • the lines are particularly visible when the jets are spaced from each other by at least one millimeter and with sufficient pressure. These lines are aligned in the direction of travel of the web.
  • These lines are in fact grooves formed on the surface of the sheet whose depth, the spacing between them and the width essentially depend on the arrangement of the water jets, the pressure of the water admitted to the injectors, the diameter and the profile of the perforations and the speed of movement of the web relative to the jets.
  • the layer of fibers is preferably made of cellulosic fibers and in particular of hydrophilic cotton fibers, possibly mixed with other artificial or synthetic fibers.
  • the patent EP 1 106 723 in the name of the Applicant discloses a tampon cut in a cotton wool cloth having a basis weight of at least 150 g / m 2 with recessed ridges 1 to 8 mm apart and a streak depth of at least 0, 25 mm.
  • This tablecloth also has a certain tensile strength.
  • the other side also includes streaks but their spacing and depth are different from those of the first.
  • This type of web is produced, for example, by hydrolysis. The web is driven under jets having a spacing and a suitable energy according to the relief that is desired.
  • the jets of water of the hydraulic binding means form groups with jets spaced from each other by a distance of between 0.4 and 1.2 mm, the groups of jets being spaced apart from one another by a distance between 1.2 and 4 mm. It is thus possible to produce layers having different reliefs between the two faces while avoiding the problem of linting for large spacings between the streaks.
  • a cotton product is obtained whose two faces are distinguished from one another, which retains its qualities of mechanical resistance: resistance to linting, resistance to delamination in particular, and softness. One side has a more scratching effect than the other for cleaning.
  • the applicant is constantly pursuing the objective of offering the user improved products.
  • the plaintiff has set another objective of producing a product that is sufficiently thick and with a relief that would bring the quantity of cleansing milk to the skin. or lotion necessary but also strengthen their cleansing action, friction without irritating the skin.
  • it is aimed at a thick fibrous product that keeps the swelling, a good level of resistance, both in the direction of travel and cross-direction, and good absorption while being hydraulically bonded.
  • a method of hydraulically binding a sheet of fibers consisting in arranging the sheet on a porous support movable in translation or in rotation about an axis, to treat at least one face of the sheet at means of a plurality of water jets disposed in a row perpendicular to the direction of travel of the web, characterized in that the row comprises jets with a first section and at least jets with a second section different from the first .
  • a method of hydraulically binding a fiber web consisting in arranging the web on a porous support movable in translation or in rotation about an axis, in treating the web with a web.
  • plurality of jets of water arranged in at least two rows perpendicular to the direction of travel of the sheet, characterized in that the rows comprise jets with a first section and at least jets with a second section different from the first, at the less a row comprising jets whose spacing between them is not constant.
  • the hydraulic diameter is not constant.
  • hydraulic diameter we understand the diameter of the circle having the same area as the section considered. For example for an oval or polygonal section, the hydraulic diameter is the diameter of the circle which has the same area.
  • the web is treated with jets arranged in at least two rows parallel to each other.
  • the number of rows is at most equal to four.
  • the method is particularly interesting when the jets are produced by the same injector. This ensures a good synchronization between the steps of successive rows. We control the patterns on the tablecloth and therefore on the finished products.
  • a row comprises jets forming groups spaced apart from one another, the row that follows having jets that are not aligned in the direction of travel of the sheet with the jets of the first row. .
  • a row comprises jets forming groups spaced from each other, the following row having jets partly aligned in the direction of travel of the sheet, with those of the first row.
  • the first row comprises jets of a first section and the next row of jets of a second section.
  • the first row comprises jets of a first section and jets of a second section, the next row comprising jets of a second section or jets of a second section. and throws of a third section.
  • the process is applied on one side of the web. It can also be applied on both sides.
  • the patterns on both sides may be the same or different.
  • the fibers are essentially cellulosic fibers, especially cotton fibers.
  • the web comprises 70 to 100% of cotton fibers and 0 to 30% of artificial or synthetic fibers.
  • the web can have a weight up to 400 g / m 2 ; preferably the grammage is greater than 150 g / m 2 .
  • the web is converted into round, oval, square or rectangular tampon shaped products or any other form for cosmetic or other use as known.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, in which the jets are produced by perforations or orifices arranged along a strip arranged opposite a water distribution channel.
  • This device is characterized in that the perforations are arranged along the same strip and have different sections.
  • the strip has at least two rows of perforations.
  • the perforations of the same row have the same section, this section being different from the perforations of the other row.
  • the invention also relates to a web of hydraulically connected fibers by water jets having on at least one side of the grooves formed by said hydraulic binding. It is characterized in that it comprises at least first deep grooves of 50 to 600 ⁇ m with a spacing between a first groove and an adjacent groove of between 0.2 and 5 mm, and at least one second deep groove of 200 at 1000 ⁇ m with a spacing between the second groove and an adjacent groove of between 2 and 9 mm, the depth and the spacing of the second groove being greater than those of the first grooves.
  • the depth of the grooves is defined from a cross section perpendicular to their direction on one face.
  • a groove has two flanks, a right flank and left flank. Each flank extends between the bottom of the groove and the first vertex encountered from the bottom.
  • the depth of a groove is the difference in level between the top of one of the sidewalls and the bottom of it.
  • the depth is defined as an average value from the two values measured on either side of a vertex between two adjacent grooves.
  • the gap is defined by the distance separating the bottom of two adjacent grooves.
  • This background is usually V-shaped.
  • EP 1310226 relates to a cotton wool pad for cosmetic use, the two sides of which have parallel fine grooves having a depth of 0.1 to 0.2 mm and a spacing of 0.5 to 0.7 mm formed by needle punching. water, and at least one side has in addition broad grooves having a depth of about 0.3 to 0.8 mm and a spacing of about 9.0 to 15.0 mm. It is noted that this product is obtained by a first passage of the fiber web under an injector forming the fine grooves and then under a second injector forming broad and deep grooves. As a result, the broad grooves are superimposed after first bonding by the fine jet injectors.
  • the web of the invention differs from the subject of the previous patent application in that the second deeper grooves are visually distinct and spaced from the fine grooves. They form distinct groups. By the presence of unbound zones, the advantages of softness, absorption and thickness of a non-bonded web are combined with the mechanical strength and non-linting of a hydraulically bound web.
  • the web has groups of at least two adjacent second grooves and preferably at most six adjacent second grooves.
  • band-shaped zones are created with an apparent relief comprising non-hydrolized surfaces where the fibers are not hydraulically associated, giving a greater softness to the touch.
  • the first grooves have a depth of between 50 and 250 ⁇ m. They form zones of higher binding density than the previous ones.
  • the spacing between a first groove and the adjacent groove closest thereto is between 0.2 and 2 mm, and more particularly between 1 and 2 mm. Furthermore, the spacing between a second groove and the adjacent groove closest thereto is preferably between 3 and 5 mm.
  • the web has third grooves different from the first and second grooves.
  • the third grooves differ from the other two by the depth.
  • the third grooves differ from the other two also by the spacing.
  • FIG. 1 schematically there is shown an installation for hydraulically binding a web of fibers.
  • the web N which weight is preferably greater than 150 g / m 2 , is supported and driven on an endless belt 10. It is then transferred to a perforated cylinder 20 rotating about a horizontal axis.
  • the sheet then passes an injector 22 disposed perpendicularly to the direction of travel of the sheet.
  • the perforations of the injector distributed over the entire width of the sheet, are fed with pressurized water from a pump, and deliver jets of water towards the sheet N.
  • a vacuum slot 24 On the opposite side of the sheet, the In the interior of the cylinder, a vacuum slot 24 has been provided to ensure the evacuation of the water once it has passed through the web and the porous web forming the shell of the cylinder.
  • the web is driven to a drying station for example. Only one injector has been shown; according to other embodiments, there is a second or more injectors in parallel with the first, and this on each of the two faces
  • the injector is shown in more detail on the figure 2 ; it comprises a distributor 221 in the form of a rectilinear channel here with an arcuate section.
  • This channel comprises a grid 224 for distributing fluid along its axis.
  • On this grid we mounted a strip 30 with the perforations.
  • the strip is interchangeable and held by jaws along its axis.
  • the pressurized water fills the dispensing channel from a feed duct (not shown).
  • the water is guided through the gate 224 and then passes through the strip 30 in as many jets as there are openings in the strip.
  • These perforations or orifices have a profile formed in the thickness of the strip which is adapted to produce stable jets in the form of cylindrical needles.
  • Such a profile may comprise successively, for example, a cylindrical portion and a divergent portion.
  • the injection ports of the prior art all have a circular section.
  • their diameter is constant from one end to the other of the strip.
  • the strip may comprise up to three rows of injection orifices arranged in staggered rows. The arrangement in two or three rows is intended to allow to confer greater resistance to the sheet, with the same injector.
  • a complex relief structure is produced on the surface of the nonwoven resulting from the bonding of the sheet.
  • An example of a profile of such a structure is represented on the figure 3 .
  • the deeper zones A serve as a reservoir for makeup removal products or for care milks to be applied to the skin.
  • Areas B, shallower are the active parts for removing makeup due to close contact with the skin. They are reinforced by the intermediate zones between zones A and zones B.
  • zones A and B may have different widths
  • the type of structure such as that represented on the figure 3 is obtained by means of perforations provided on the strip according to the method of the invention. We compare the perforations to the jets produced.
  • the diameter of the perforations has been enlarged for a better understanding of the invention. They are arranged in two rows parallel to each other perpendicular to the direction of travel of the sheet of fibers. A first row is composed of circular perforations 14 with a first diameter. They are grouped by five with a first spacing between them. The perforations produce jets defined from their section.
  • Each group is spaced from its adjacent group a distance greater than the first spacing.
  • the spacing between the perforations of a group may be 0.2mm or more and the spacing between two adjacent groups may be greater than 2mm, the diameter of the perforations being 80 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • perforations 24 whose diameter is different from that of the perforations 14. They are here arranged in the gap between two adjacent groups of the first row.
  • Each group of the second row has two perforations arranged to be interposed between the groups of the first row.
  • the two rows are arranged on the same strip because the perforations are then fed under the same hydraulic conditions, including pressure.
  • the jets from the perforations whose diameter is larger therefore have a higher energy since the energy is in this case in relation to the flow.
  • the striations or grooves formed by these are deeper than the streaks formed by the first row. There is no interference between the jets from the perforations of the two rows. The streaks are well separated. This is the best solution to synchronize the jets of water and master the final pattern.
  • perforations 26 in the second row which have a section of non-circular shape.
  • the shape is oval axis inclined relative to the alignment of the perforations 16.
  • the shape of the section may be different again; we can also remove the inclination.
  • the perforations of the first row are circular in section. However, there are perforations 17 with a first section and perforations 17 'with a second section of larger diameter.
  • the perforations 17 are grouped here by 5 with a first spacing between them. Between these groups, there are arranged the perforations 17 'here two in number.
  • the second row comprises perforations 27 with a section, here identical to the first. They are aligned in the direction of travel (which is perpendicular to the rows) with the perforations 17.
  • Two perforations 27 ' are arranged in alignment with a perforation 17'. This arrangement makes it possible to produce striations at several levels: a first level is obtained by the jets of the perforations 17 and 27 aligned, a second level obtained by the alignment of the jets coming from the perforations 17 'and 27', and a third level is obtained by a perforation 17 'alone.
  • the figure 8 shows 2 rows. Compared to the direction of scrolling, the layout is reversed when compared to the layout of the figure 4 . The widest perforations are at the front.
  • the figure 9 shows an example of a strip with three rows, 19, 29 and 39.
  • the sections of the perforations 19 are the largest; the perforations of the second row 29 have an intermediate dimension between that of the perforations 19 and 39 of the third row. It can therefore be seen that the process makes it possible to produce cotton or other cellulosic striated fibers whose profile can be varied.
  • Products according to the invention have been produced with water-jet injectors comprising, on the same "strip”, orifices arranged in different patterns.
  • the figure 10 represents an injector whose strip comprises orifices distributed in two rows: a first row of orifices 110 with a diameter of 140 ⁇ m and a second row of orifices 210 of oval shape whose large diameter is 700 ⁇ m.
  • the orifices are shown in enlargement with respect to their spacing.
  • the repeating pattern here consists of five orifices 110 of diameter 140 ⁇ m, spaced from each other by 4.8 mm and an oval orifice.
  • the distance between the center of the oval orifice 210 and that of the adjacent orifice 110 is 7.2 mm. This pattern repeats over the entire width of the injector.
  • the thickness EP of the web is the measurement of a stack of 20 formats cut from the web with application of a pressure of 2.25 g / cm 2 .
  • the swelling G or thickness potential corresponds to the height rise of the stack of sizes when removing the pressure above.
  • a curve is obtained as represented on the figure 10A with the abscissa the distance along the profile in mm, and the ordinate the height in ⁇ m.
  • each of the segments frames a bell-shaped profile with a peak between two grooves.
  • the spacing between the grooves corresponds to that of the orifices on the strip of the injector used, which can easily be checked.
  • the height of the peak with respect to each of the two low points is determined. We thus obtain two heights of the same peak respectively with respect to the low level of the two lateral grooves.
  • the average value of the two values is determined.
  • the value used is the maximum of the values measured on their highest side. In the present case there is only one deep groove between C and D on the measured area.
  • Hp and Hm values could be determined because of the nature of the pattern.
  • the energy EN (in 10 -3 kWh / m 2 ) applied to the sheet can be determined.
  • a control ply T was also made with an injector having only one kind of orifices regularly spaced according to the prior art.
  • the thickness of the sheet is greater (63-66 mm compared to 58 mm) and the improved swelling (6 compared to 4).
  • first grooves are the grooves defined by the segments A, B, C; D, E, F and the second groove is formed between the segments C and D.
  • This pattern comprises, in a first row, a first group of five circular orifices 111 with diameters 140 ⁇ m that are 1.2 mm apart and, in a second row, a second group of three circular orifices with a diameter of 200 ⁇ m.
  • the spacing between the orifices 211 is 2.4 mm.
  • the second group is at a distance of 4.8 mm from the first group as well on one side as the other. This pattern is repeated all along the strip.
  • the profile as measured by the method described above, is represented on the figure 11A .
  • first shallow depth grooves Hs whose value is determined from the flanks of the segments [C, D, E, F, K, L, M, N].
  • second deep grooves between segments A and B, G and H, and 1 and J [A, B, G, H; I, J]
  • Hp of the depth is determined from the values measured respectively on the right flanks of A, left of B, right flank of G and left flank of J. [A, B; G, J].
  • Third grooves of depth Hm whose value is determined from segments H and I [H, I].
  • this pattern allows for second deep grooves up to 774 microns.
  • This depth is to be related to the gap of 4.8 mm between the first group and the second group of orifices Reason 2 tablecloth P bar Pds g / m 2 EP Mm G mm rsm Rst hp hm Hs IN N / inch microns T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1.72 1 84 236 52 4 48 27 774 338 157 6.55 2 64 233 56 4 35 18 620 261 111 4.35 3 40 239 62 6 18 11 428 209 83 2.15 4 20 228 63 6 8 5 271 142 54 0.76
  • the pattern is provided for example a pattern with a group of five first orifices 111 1 mm apart and a group of three second orifices 4 mm apart.
  • the injector comprises
  • a group of four circular orifices 112 In a first row, a group of four circular orifices 112: diameter 140 ⁇ m, spacing 2 mm;
  • a group of three circular orifices 212 diameter 180 ⁇ m, spacing 3 mm;
  • a single circular orifice 312 diameter 200 microns, spacing 6 mm.
  • the profile of the relief, in a cross section to the direction of the grooves, determined by the measurements made is shown on the figure 12A .
  • first grooves superficial, defined by the segments [G on the right, H, I, J]
  • second groove deep, defined by the right side of C, and the left side of D
  • third grooves of medium depth or intermediate, defined by the flanks of the segments E, F, and the left flank of G
  • the table below shows the values Reason 3 tablecloth P bar Pds g / m 2 EP mm G mm Rsm RstN / inch hp hm Hs IN microns T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1.72 1 84 230 50 3 49 35 774 370 233 4.3 2 64 222 57 4 28 18 704 373 221 2.86 3 40 237 60 5 15 11 592 302 168 1.41 4 20 228 63 5 8 5 308 113 61 0.50
  • the injector comprises
  • a group of four circular orifices 113 diameter 140 ⁇ m, spacing 1.2 mm;
  • a group of two circular orifices 213 diameter 180 ⁇ m, spacing 2.4 mm;
  • a single third circular orifice 313 diameter 200 microns, spacing 4.8 mm.
  • the profile determined by the measurements made is shown on the figure 13A .
  • the grooves are for example rectilinear but they can also be at least partially broken, wavy, sinusoidal shape in particular or even interrupted.
  • a group of five or four orifices 113 spaced apart by 1.2 mm each, a group of two orifices 213 (180 ⁇ m) with a spacing of 3.6 mm and a third orifice 313 (200 .mu.m) distant 3.6 mm also.
  • the pattern comprises successively in a row a group of three orifices 114 (140 ⁇ m) spaced 1 mm apart each, in another row a group of two orifices 214 (180 ⁇ m) with a spacing of 3 mm and in another row still only one orifice 314 (200 ⁇ m) with a spacing of 3 mm with the orifices 214 and 4 mm with the orifices 114.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à la technique de liage hydraulique ou d'hydroliage d'une nappe de fibres, et vise en particulier un moyen pour obtenir un état de surface déterminé sur une nappe de fibres cellulosiques notamment de coton hydrophile, éventuellement en mélange avec des fibres artificielles ou synthétiques. La présente invention se rapporte également à une nappe liée hydrauliquement.The present invention relates to the technique of hydraulic bonding or hydrolysis of a sheet of fibers, and is aimed in particular at a means for obtaining a determined surface state on a sheet of cellulosic fibers, in particular of hydrophilic cotton, optionally mixed with artificial or synthetic fibers. The present invention also relates to a hydraulically bonded web.

Un procédé connu d'hydroliage consiste à traiter une nappe de fibres à l'aide de jets d'eau à haute pression, dans le but d'emmêler tout ou partie des fibres et de modifier certaines de ses caractéristiques. On cherche en particulier par ce procédé à en modifier la résistance mécanique et le peluchage. La nappe de fibres est supportée par une toile poreuse qui se déplace dans une direction perpendiculaire par rapport aux alignements des jets d'eau. Ces derniers sont produits par un appareil comportant un ou plusieurs injecteurs disposés en travers par rapport à la direction de déplacement de la nappe de fibres. Habituellement, un injecteur comprend une chambre haute pression en forme de canal communiquant sur un côté avec une lame pourvue de perforations calibrées, de forme circulaire, toutes de même diamètre et de profil adapté. La lame est désignée dans le présent domaine par le terme strip. C'est ce terme qui est utilisé par la suite. Le canal de distribution est alimenté par des pompes fournissant l'eau à une pression élevée, de quelques bars à 300 bars.A known method of hydrolysis is to treat a sheet of fibers using jets of water at high pressure, in order to entangle all or part of the fibers and modify some of its characteristics. In particular, this method seeks to modify the mechanical strength and the linting. The fiber web is supported by a porous web that moves in a direction perpendicular to the alignments of the water jets. These are produced by an apparatus comprising one or more injectors arranged transversely with respect to the direction of movement of the sheet of fibers. Usually, an injector comprises a channel-shaped high-pressure chamber communicating on one side with a blade provided with calibrated perforations, of circular shape, all of the same diameter and of adapted profile. The blade is referred to herein as the strip. This term is used later. The distribution channel is fed by pumps supplying water at a high pressure, from a few bars to 300 bars.

Les perforations ont couramment un diamètre compris entre 80 µm et 200µm et sont régulièrement espacées le long du strip. L'espacement est compris entre 0,2 et 10 mm. On trouve dans le commerce des strips métalliques pourvus d'une à trois rangées de perforations. Dans le cas de plus d'une rangée, les perforations sont disposées en quinconce.The perforations commonly have a diameter of between 80 μm and 200 μm and are regularly spaced along the strip. The spacing is between 0.2 and 10 mm. There are commercially available metal strips with one to three rows of perforations. In the case of more than one row, the perforations are staggered.

La toile poreuse, sur laquelle la nappe de fibres est étendue, est entraînée le long d'une table plane ou bien sur un cylindre mis en rotation. La toile permet à l'eau de traverser la nappe fibreuse, et un moyen d'aspiration ménagé sous la toile en assure l'évacuation.The porous web, on which the web of fibers is extended, is driven along a flat table or on a rotated cylinder. The fabric allows the water to pass through the fibrous web, and suction means formed under the fabric ensures the evacuation.

A partir d'un certain grammage ou d'épaisseur de la nappe, ce dispositif a pour résultat immédiatement visible la réalisation d'un relief formé de lignes continues, généralement rectilignes, parallèles entre elles, et régulièrement espacées à la surface de la nappe. Les lignes sont particulièrement bien visibles lorsque les jets sont espacés les uns des autres d'au moins un millimètre et avec une pression suffisante. Ces lignes sont alignées dans le sens de défilement de la nappe.From a certain basis weight or thickness of the sheet, this device has the result immediately visible the realization of a relief formed of continuous lines, generally rectilinear, parallel to each other, and regularly spaced at the surface of the sheet. The lines are particularly visible when the jets are spaced from each other by at least one millimeter and with sufficient pressure. These lines are aligned in the direction of travel of the web.

Ces lignes sont en fait des sillons ménagés à la surface de la nappe dont la profondeur, l'espacement entre eux et la largeur dépendent essentiellement de la disposition des jets d'eau, de la pression de l'eau admise aux injecteurs, du diamètre et du profil des perforations ainsi que de la vitesse de déplacement de la nappe par rapport aux jets.These lines are in fact grooves formed on the surface of the sheet whose depth, the spacing between them and the width essentially depend on the arrangement of the water jets, the pressure of the water admitted to the injectors, the diameter and the profile of the perforations and the speed of movement of the web relative to the jets.

Pour un usage cosmétique, le maquillage et/ou le démaquillage de la peau, la nappe de fibres est de préférence constituée de fibres cellulosiques et en particulier de fibres de coton hydrophile, éventuellement en mélange avec d'autres fibres, artificielles ou synthétiques.For cosmetic use, make-up and / or make-up removal of the skin, the layer of fibers is preferably made of cellulosic fibers and in particular of hydrophilic cotton fibers, possibly mixed with other artificial or synthetic fibers.

Le brevet EP 1 106 723 au nom de la demanderesse, décrit un tampon découpé dans une nappe de coton hydrophile ayant un grammage d'au moins 150 g/m2 comportant des stries en creux écartées de 1 à 8 mm et une profondeur de strie d'au moins 0,25 mm. Cette nappe présente en outre une certaine résistance à la traction. L'autre face comprend également des stries mais leur écartement et la profondeur sont différents de celles de la première. Ce type de nappe est produit, par exemple, par hydroliage. On entraîne la nappe sous des jets présentant un espacement et une énergie appropriés selon le relief que l'on souhaite obtenir.The patent EP 1 106 723 in the name of the Applicant, discloses a tampon cut in a cotton wool cloth having a basis weight of at least 150 g / m 2 with recessed ridges 1 to 8 mm apart and a streak depth of at least 0, 25 mm. This tablecloth also has a certain tensile strength. The other side also includes streaks but their spacing and depth are different from those of the first. This type of web is produced, for example, by hydrolysis. The web is driven under jets having a spacing and a suitable energy according to the relief that is desired.

Selon une variante de procédé, reprise dans la demande de brevet EP 010121057 ( 1 167 605 ), les jets d'eau du moyen de liage hydraulique forment des groupes avec des jets espacés entre eux d'une distance comprise entre 0,4 et 1,2 mm, les groupes de jets étant espacés les uns des autres d'une distance comprise entre 1,2 et 4 mm. On peut réaliser ainsi des nappes présentant des reliefs différents entre les deux faces tout en évitant le problème du peluchage pour les écartements importants entre les stries. On obtient un produit de coton dont les deux faces se distinguent l'une de l'autre, qui garde ses qualités de résistance mécanique : résistance au peluchage, résistance au délaminage notamment, et de douceur. L'une des faces a un effet plus grattant que l'autre pour le nettoyage.According to a variant of the process, incorporated in the patent application EP 010121057 ( 1,167,605 ), the jets of water of the hydraulic binding means form groups with jets spaced from each other by a distance of between 0.4 and 1.2 mm, the groups of jets being spaced apart from one another by a distance between 1.2 and 4 mm. It is thus possible to produce layers having different reliefs between the two faces while avoiding the problem of linting for large spacings between the streaks. A cotton product is obtained whose two faces are distinguished from one another, which retains its qualities of mechanical resistance: resistance to linting, resistance to delamination in particular, and softness. One side has a more scratching effect than the other for cleaning.

La demanderesse poursuit en permanence l'objectif de proposer à l'utilisatrice des produits améliorés.The applicant is constantly pursuing the objective of offering the user improved products.

En particulier, elle s'est fixé comme premier objectif, la mise au point de moyens d'hydroliage permettant de réaliser des produits dont l'état de surface, en particulier le relief, est plus élaboré que ceux actuellement connus.In particular, it has set itself as the first objective, the development of hydrolysis means for producing products whose surface condition, in particular the relief, is more elaborate than those currently known.

En effet, l'état de la technique le plus répandu vise la réalisation, pour chaque face d'un produit, de surfaces striées régulièrement ou avec une séquence d'espacements entre les stries, ces dernières étant toutes identiques, même si on distingue une face de l'autre.Indeed, the most common state of the art is the production, for each face of a product, regularly striated surfaces or with a sequence of spacings between the streaks, the latter being all identical, even if we distinguish a facing each other.

Pour satisfaire aux besoins de l'utilisatrice en terme de maquillage ou de démaquillage, la demanderesse s'est fixé comme autre objectif la réalisation d'un produit suffisamment épais et avec un relief qui permettrait d'apporter à la peau la quantité de lait démaquillant ou de lotion nécessaire mais aussi de renforcer leur action démaquillante, par friction sans irriter la peau. En particulier, elle vise un produit fibreux épais qui garde du gonflant, un bon niveau de résistance aussi bien sens marche que sens travers, et une bonne absorption tout en étant lié hydrauliquement.To meet the needs of the user in terms of make-up or make-up removal, the plaintiff has set another objective of producing a product that is sufficiently thick and with a relief that would bring the quantity of cleansing milk to the skin. or lotion necessary but also strengthen their cleansing action, friction without irritating the skin. In particular, it is aimed at a thick fibrous product that keeps the swelling, a good level of resistance, both in the direction of travel and cross-direction, and good absorption while being hydraulically bonded.

On parvient à réaliser ces objectifs avec un procédé de liage hydraulique d'une nappe de fibres, consistant à disposer la nappe sur un support poreux mobile en translation ou en rotation autour d'un axe, à traiter au moins une face de la nappe au moyen d'une pluralité de jets d'eau disposés selon une rangée perpendiculaire au sens de défilement de la nappe, caractérisé par le fait que la rangée comprend des jets avec une première section et au moins des jets avec une deuxième section différente de la première.It is possible to achieve these objectives with a method of hydraulically binding a sheet of fibers, consisting in arranging the sheet on a porous support movable in translation or in rotation about an axis, to treat at least one face of the sheet at means of a plurality of water jets disposed in a row perpendicular to the direction of travel of the web, characterized in that the row comprises jets with a first section and at least jets with a second section different from the first .

On parvient également à réaliser ces objectifs avec un procédé de liage hydraulique d'une nappe de fibres, consistant à disposer la nappe sur un support poreux mobile en translation ou en rotation autour d'un axe, à traiter la nappe au moyen d'une pluralité de jets d'eau disposés selon au moins deux rangées perpendiculaires au sens de défilement de la nappe, caractérisé par le fait que les rangées comprennent des jets avec une première section et au moins des jets avec une deuxième section différente de la première, au moins une rangée comprenant des jets dont l'espacement entre eux n'est pas constant.It is also possible to achieve these objectives with a method of hydraulically binding a fiber web, consisting in arranging the web on a porous support movable in translation or in rotation about an axis, in treating the web with a web. plurality of jets of water arranged in at least two rows perpendicular to the direction of travel of the sheet, characterized in that the rows comprise jets with a first section and at least jets with a second section different from the first, at the less a row comprising jets whose spacing between them is not constant.

Alors que l'art antérieur enseignait des modes de fabrication permettant la réalisation de produits peu différents des produits standards, la demanderesse a constaté avec surprise que l'on pouvait augmenter considérablement le nombre de qualités de produits en jouant sur la section des jets d'eau le long de la rangée de perforations. En particulier, le diamètre hydraulique n'est pas constant. Par diamètre hydraulique, on comprend le diamètre du cercle ayant la même aire que la section considérée. Par exemple pour une section ovale ou polygonale, le diamètre hydraulique est le diamètre du cercle qui en présente la même aire.While the prior art taught manufacturing methods allowing the realization of products little different from standard products, the plaintiff surprisingly found that one could considerably increase the number of qualities of products by playing on the section of the jets. water along the row of perforations. In particular, the hydraulic diameter is not constant. By hydraulic diameter, we understand the diameter of the circle having the same area as the section considered. For example for an oval or polygonal section, the hydraulic diameter is the diameter of the circle which has the same area.

Avantageusement, on traite la nappe avec des jets disposés selon au moins deux rangées parallèles entre elles. De préférence, le nombre de rangées est au plus égal à quatre.Advantageously, the web is treated with jets arranged in at least two rows parallel to each other. Preferably, the number of rows is at most equal to four.

Le procédé est particulièrement intéressant lorsque les jets sont produits par le même injecteur. On assure ainsi une bonne synchronisation entre les pas des rangées successives. On maîtrise les motifs sur la nappe et donc sur les produits finis.The method is particularly interesting when the jets are produced by the same injector. This ensures a good synchronization between the steps of successive rows. We control the patterns on the tablecloth and therefore on the finished products.

Cet aménagement permet un grand nombre de combinaisons. Selon une solution intéressante à au moins deux rangées de jets, une rangée comporte des jets formant des groupes espacés les uns des autres, la rangée qui suit présentant des jets non alignés dans le sens du défilement de la nappe avec les jets de la première rangée.This arrangement allows a large number of combinations. According to a solution that is advantageous for at least two rows of jets, a row comprises jets forming groups spaced apart from one another, the row that follows having jets that are not aligned in the direction of travel of the sheet with the jets of the first row. .

Conformément à un autre mode de réalisation, une rangée comporte des jets formant des groupes espacés les uns des autres, la rangée qui suit présentant des jets en partie alignés dans le sens de défilement de la nappe, avec ceux de la première rangée.According to another embodiment, a row comprises jets forming groups spaced from each other, the following row having jets partly aligned in the direction of travel of the sheet, with those of the first row.

Avantageusement, la première rangée comporte des jets d'une première section et la rangée suivante des jets d'une deuxième section. Avantageusement encore, selon un autre mode de réalisation, la première rangée comporte des jets d'une première section et des jets d'une deuxième section, la rangée suivante comportant des jets d'une deuxième section ou bien des jets d'une deuxième section et des jets d'une troisième section.Advantageously, the first row comprises jets of a first section and the next row of jets of a second section. Advantageously, according to another embodiment, the first row comprises jets of a first section and jets of a second section, the next row comprising jets of a second section or jets of a second section. and throws of a third section.

Le procédé est appliqué sur une face de la nappe. Il peut aussi être appliqué sur les deux faces. Les motifs sur les deux faces peuvent être identiques ou différents.The process is applied on one side of the web. It can also be applied on both sides. The patterns on both sides may be the same or different.

Avantageusement, les fibres sont essentiellement des fibres cellulosiques, notamment de coton. Par exemple la nappe comprend de 70 à 100 % de fibres de coton et de 0 à 30 % de fibres artificielles ou synthétiques. La nappe peut avoir un poids jusqu'à 400 g/m2 ; de préférence le grammage est supérieur à 150 g/m2. Après le traitement de liage, la nappe est transformée en produits en forme de tampons ronds, ovales, carrés ou rectangulaire ou de toute autre forme pour une utilisation cosmétique ou autre comme cela est connu.Advantageously, the fibers are essentially cellulosic fibers, especially cotton fibers. For example, the web comprises 70 to 100% of cotton fibers and 0 to 30% of artificial or synthetic fibers. The web can have a weight up to 400 g / m 2 ; preferably the grammage is greater than 150 g / m 2 . After the bonding treatment, the web is converted into round, oval, square or rectangular tampon shaped products or any other form for cosmetic or other use as known.

L'invention porte également sur un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, dans lequel les jets sont produits par des perforations ou des orifices ménagés le long d'un strip disposé en regard d'un canal de distribution d'eau. Ce dispositif est caractérisé par le fait que les perforations sont disposées le long d'un même strip et présentent des sections différentes.The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, in which the jets are produced by perforations or orifices arranged along a strip arranged opposite a water distribution channel. This device is characterized in that the perforations are arranged along the same strip and have different sections.

Avantageusement, le strip présente au moins deux rangées de perforations. Selon un mode de réalisation, les perforations d'une même rangée ont une même section, cette section étant différente des perforations de l'autre rangée.Advantageously, the strip has at least two rows of perforations. According to one embodiment, the perforations of the same row have the same section, this section being different from the perforations of the other row.

L'invention porte également sur une nappe de fibres liées hydrauliquement par jets d'eau comportant sur au moins une face des rainures formées par ledit liage hydraulique. Elle est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comprend au moins des premières rainures profondes de 50 à 600 µm avec un écartement entre une première rainure et une rainure adjacente compris entre 0,2 et 5 mm, et au moins une deuxième rainure profonde de 200 à 1000 µm avec un écartement entre la deuxième rainure et une rainure adjacente compris entre 2 et 9 mm, la profondeur et l'écartement de la deuxième rainure étant supérieurs à ceux des premières rainures.The invention also relates to a web of hydraulically connected fibers by water jets having on at least one side of the grooves formed by said hydraulic binding. It is characterized in that it comprises at least first deep grooves of 50 to 600 μm with a spacing between a first groove and an adjacent groove of between 0.2 and 5 mm, and at least one second deep groove of 200 at 1000 μm with a spacing between the second groove and an adjacent groove of between 2 and 9 mm, the depth and the spacing of the second groove being greater than those of the first grooves.

On définit la profondeur des rainures à partir d'une coupe transversale perpendiculairement à leur direction, sur une face. Une rainure présente deux flancs, un flanc droit et flanc gauche. Chaque flanc s'étend entre le fond de la rainure et le premier sommet rencontré depuis le fond. La profondeur d'une rainure est la différence de niveau entre le sommet de l'un des flancs et le fond de celle-ci.The depth of the grooves is defined from a cross section perpendicular to their direction on one face. A groove has two flanks, a right flank and left flank. Each flank extends between the bottom of the groove and the first vertex encountered from the bottom. The depth of a groove is the difference in level between the top of one of the sidewalls and the bottom of it.

Dans la pratique, pour des rainures de profondeur moyenne ou superficielle, on définit la profondeur comme une valeur moyenne à partir des deux valeurs mesurées de part et d'autre d'un sommet entre deux rainures adjacentes.In practice, for grooves of medium or superficial depth, the depth is defined as an average value from the two values measured on either side of a vertex between two adjacent grooves.

Quand la rainure est profonde, on mesure les deux valeurs de chaque côté du sommet et on retient la valeur la plus grande des deux.When the groove is deep, we measure the two values on each side of the vertex and we retain the larger value of the two.

On note que quelle que soit la profondeur de la rainure, on effectue la mesure par rapport à son sommet adjacent, on ne prend pas en considération un sommet éloigné même s'il est à un niveau plus élevé.It is noted that whatever the depth of the groove, the measurement is made with respect to its adjacent vertex, a distant vertex is not taken into account even if it is at a higher level.

L'écartement est défini par la distance séparant le fond de deux rainures adjacentes. Ce fond est généralement en forme de V.The gap is defined by the distance separating the bottom of two adjacent grooves. This background is usually V-shaped.

On connaît la demande de brevet EP 1310226 . Elle porte sur un tampon d'ouate à usage cosmétique, dont les deux faces présentent des sillons fins parallèles ayant une profondeur de 0,1 à 0,2 mm et un espacement de 0,5 à 0,7 mm formés par aiguilletage à l'eau, et au moins une face présente en plus des sillons larges ayant une profondeur d'environ 0,3 à 0,8 mm et un espacement d'environ 9,0 à 15,0 mm. On note que ce produit est obtenu par un premier passage de la nappe de fibres sous un injecteur formant les sillons fins puis sous un deuxième injecteur formant les sillons larges et profonds. Il s'ensuit que les sillons larges sont formés en surimpression après un premier liage par les injecteurs à jets fins.The patent application is known EP 1310226 . It relates to a cotton wool pad for cosmetic use, the two sides of which have parallel fine grooves having a depth of 0.1 to 0.2 mm and a spacing of 0.5 to 0.7 mm formed by needle punching. water, and at least one side has in addition broad grooves having a depth of about 0.3 to 0.8 mm and a spacing of about 9.0 to 15.0 mm. It is noted that this product is obtained by a first passage of the fiber web under an injector forming the fine grooves and then under a second injector forming broad and deep grooves. As a result, the broad grooves are superimposed after first bonding by the fine jet injectors.

La nappe de l'invention se distingue de l'objet de la demande de brevet précédente par le fait que les deuxièmes rainures plus profondes sont visuellement distinctes et espacées des rainures fines. Elles forment des groupes distincts. Par la présence de zones non liées, on combine les avantages de douceur, d'absorption et d'épaisseur d'une nappe non liée avec la résistance mécanique et le non peluchage de surface d'une nappe liée hydrauliquement.The web of the invention differs from the subject of the previous patent application in that the second deeper grooves are visually distinct and spaced from the fine grooves. They form distinct groups. By the presence of unbound zones, the advantages of softness, absorption and thickness of a non-bonded web are combined with the mechanical strength and non-linting of a hydraulically bound web.

Conformément à une autre caractéristique, la nappe comporte des groupes d'au moins deux deuxièmes rainures adjacentes et de préférence d'au plus six deuxièmes rainures adjacentes. On crée ainsi des zones en forme de bandes avec un relief apparent comportant des surfaces non hydroliées où les fibres ne sont pas hydrauliquement associées conférant une plus grande douceur au toucher.According to another feature, the web has groups of at least two adjacent second grooves and preferably at most six adjacent second grooves. Thus, band-shaped zones are created with an apparent relief comprising non-hydrolized surfaces where the fibers are not hydraulically associated, giving a greater softness to the touch.

De préférence les premières rainures ont une profondeur comprise entre 50 et 250 µm. Elles forment des zones de densité de liage plus importantes que les précédentes.Preferably, the first grooves have a depth of between 50 and 250 μm. They form zones of higher binding density than the previous ones.

De préférence, l'écartement entre une première rainure et la rainure adjacente la plus proche de celle-ci est compris entre 0,2 et 2 mm, et plus particulièrement entre 1 et 2 mm. Par ailleurs, l'écartement entre une deuxième rainure et la rainure adjacente la plus proche de celle-ci est de préférence compris entre 3 et 5 mm.Preferably, the spacing between a first groove and the adjacent groove closest thereto is between 0.2 and 2 mm, and more particularly between 1 and 2 mm. Furthermore, the spacing between a second groove and the adjacent groove closest thereto is preferably between 3 and 5 mm.

Conformément à un autre mode de réalisation, la nappe comporte des troisièmes rainures différentes des premières et des deuxièmes rainures. Notamment, les troisièmes rainures diffèrent des deux autres par la profondeur. En particulier, les troisièmes rainures diffèrent des deux autres également par l'écartement.According to another embodiment, the web has third grooves different from the first and second grooves. In particular, the third grooves differ from the other two by the depth. In particular, the third grooves differ from the other two also by the spacing.

L'invention va être décrite maintenant plus en détail, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement une installation de liage hydraulique conventionnelle,
  • la figure 2 représente schématiquement et en coupe un injecteur avec un strip perforé,
  • la figure 3 représente schématiquement une vue en coupe d'une nappe traitée avec un profil à différents niveaux,
  • les figures 4 à 9 représentent schématiquement différentes dispositions de perforations selon les différentes rangées,
  • les figures 10 et 10A montrent respectivement le motif des perforations d'un injecteur et le profil tel que mesuré après réalisation d'essais de liage hydraulique,
  • les figures 11 et 11A montrent respectivement un motif de perforations d'un injecteur et le profil tel que mesuré après réalisation de deuxièmes essais de liage hydraulique,
  • les figures 12 et 12A montrent respectivement un motif de perforations d'un injecteur et le profil tel que mesuré après réalisation de troisièmes essais de liage hydraulique,
  • les figures 13 et 13A montrent respectivement un motif de perforations d'un injecteur et le profil tel que mesuré après réalisation de quatrièmes essais de liage hydraulique,
  • la figure 14 montre une autre variante de disposition des orifices.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically represents a conventional hydraulic bonding plant,
  • the figure 2 represents schematically and in section an injector with a perforated strip,
  • the figure 3 schematically represents a sectional view of a web treated with a profile at different levels,
  • the Figures 4 to 9 schematically represent different arrangements of perforations according to the different rows,
  • the Figures 10 and 10A show respectively the pattern of the perforations of an injector and the profile as measured after carrying out hydraulic binding tests,
  • the Figures 11 and 11A show respectively a pattern of perforations of an injector and the profile as measured after completion of second hydraulic binding tests,
  • the Figures 12 and 12A show respectively a perforation pattern of an injector and the profile as measured after carrying out third hydraulic binding tests,
  • the Figures 13 and 13A show respectively a perforation pattern of an injector and the profile as measured after carrying out the fourth hydraulic binding tests,
  • the figure 14 shows another variant of arrangement of the orifices.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté schématiquement une installation de liage hydraulique d'une nappe de fibres. La nappe N, dont le grammage est de préférence supérieur à 150 g/m2, est supportée et entraînée sur une courroie sans fin 10. Elle est transférée ensuite sur un cylindre perforé 20 tournant autour d'un axe horizontal. La nappe passe ensuite devant un injecteur 22 disposé perpendiculairement à la direction de défilement de la nappe. Les perforations de l'injecteur, réparties sur toute la largeur de la nappe, sont alimentées en eau sous pression depuis une pompe, et délivrent des jets d'eau en direction de la nappe N. Sur le côté opposé de la nappe, à l'intérieur du cylindre, on a ménagé une fente à vide 24 pour assurer l'évacuation de l'eau une fois qu'elle a traversé la nappe et la toile poreuse formant l'enveloppe du cylindre. Après traitement la nappe est entraînée vers un poste de séchage par exemple. On a représenté un seul injecteur ; selon d'autres modes de réalisation, on dispose un deuxième ou plusieurs injecteurs en parallèle avec le premier, et ceci sur chacune des deux faces de la nappe de façon préférentielle.On the figure 1 schematically there is shown an installation for hydraulically binding a web of fibers. The web N, which weight is preferably greater than 150 g / m 2 , is supported and driven on an endless belt 10. It is then transferred to a perforated cylinder 20 rotating about a horizontal axis. The sheet then passes an injector 22 disposed perpendicularly to the direction of travel of the sheet. The perforations of the injector, distributed over the entire width of the sheet, are fed with pressurized water from a pump, and deliver jets of water towards the sheet N. On the opposite side of the sheet, the In the interior of the cylinder, a vacuum slot 24 has been provided to ensure the evacuation of the water once it has passed through the web and the porous web forming the shell of the cylinder. After treatment the web is driven to a drying station for example. Only one injector has been shown; according to other embodiments, there is a second or more injectors in parallel with the first, and this on each of the two faces of the web preferably.

L'injecteur est montré plus en détail sur la figure 2 ; il comprend un distributeur 221 en forme de canal rectiligne ici à section en arc de cercle. Ce canal comprend une grille 224 de répartition de fluide le long de son axe. Sur cette grille, on a monté un strip 30 comportant les perforations. Le strip est interchangeable et maintenu par des mors le long de son axe. L'eau sous pression remplit le canal de distribution depuis un conduit d'alimentation non représenté. L'eau est guidée à travers la grille 224 puis passe au travers du strip 30 en autant de jets qu'il y a d'ouvertures ménagées dans le strip. Ces perforations ou orifices ont un profil ménagé dans l'épaisseur du strip qui est adapté pour produire des jets stables en forme d'aiguilles cylindriques. Un tel profil peut comprendre successivement, par exemple, une portion cylindrique et une portion divergente. A la connaissance de la demanderesse, les orifices d'injection de l'art antérieur ont tous une section circulaire. En outre leur diamètre est constant d'une extrémité à l'autre du strip. Selon l'art antérieur encore, le strip peut comporter jusqu'à trois rangées d'orifices d'injection disposés en quinconce. La disposition en deux ou trois rangées a pour but de permettre de conférer une plus grande résistance à la nappe, avec un même injecteur.The injector is shown in more detail on the figure 2 ; it comprises a distributor 221 in the form of a rectilinear channel here with an arcuate section. This channel comprises a grid 224 for distributing fluid along its axis. On this grid, we mounted a strip 30 with the perforations. The strip is interchangeable and held by jaws along its axis. The pressurized water fills the dispensing channel from a feed duct (not shown). The water is guided through the gate 224 and then passes through the strip 30 in as many jets as there are openings in the strip. These perforations or orifices have a profile formed in the thickness of the strip which is adapted to produce stable jets in the form of cylindrical needles. Such a profile may comprise successively, for example, a cylindrical portion and a divergent portion. To the knowledge of the applicant, the injection ports of the prior art all have a circular section. In addition, their diameter is constant from one end to the other of the strip. According to the prior art again, the strip may comprise up to three rows of injection orifices arranged in staggered rows. The arrangement in two or three rows is intended to allow to confer greater resistance to the sheet, with the same injector.

Conformément à l'invention, on réalise une structure en relief complexe à la surface du non-tissé issu du liage de la nappe. Un exemple de profil d'une telle structure est représenté sur la figure 3. On distingue des zones à différents niveaux dans la nappe N : une première zone A par exemple à un premier niveau plus profond et une zone B à un niveau moins profond. Dans une application où l'on a transformé la nappe N en tampon à démaquiller, les zones A plus profondes servent de réservoir pour les produits de démaquillage ou pour des laits de soin à appliquer sur la peau. Les zones B, moins profondes, sont les parties actives pour le démaquillage du fait du contact étroit avec la peau. Elles sont renforcées par les zones intermédiaires entre les zones A et les zones B. Outre les niveaux, les zones A et B peuvent présenter des largeurs différentesAccording to the invention, a complex relief structure is produced on the surface of the nonwoven resulting from the bonding of the sheet. An example of a profile of such a structure is represented on the figure 3 . There are zones at different levels in the water table N: a first zone A for example at a first deeper level and a zone B at a shallower level. In an application where the web N has been transformed into a cleansing pad, the deeper zones A serve as a reservoir for makeup removal products or for care milks to be applied to the skin. Areas B, shallower, are the active parts for removing makeup due to close contact with the skin. They are reinforced by the intermediate zones between zones A and zones B. In addition to levels, zones A and B may have different widths

Le type de structure telle que celle représentée sur la figure 3 est obtenu au moyen de perforations ménagées sur le strip conformément au procédé de l'invention. On assimile les perforations aux jets produits.The type of structure such as that represented on the figure 3 is obtained by means of perforations provided on the strip according to the method of the invention. We compare the perforations to the jets produced.

On a représenté sur la figure 4 la disposition des perforations permettant d'obtenir un profil du type représenté sur la figure 3. Cette représentation ainsi que les suivantes ne sont pas à l'échelle. Le diamètre des perforations a été agrandi pour une meilleure compréhension de l'invention. Elles sont disposées selon deux rangées parallèles entre elles perpendiculairement à la direction de défilement de la nappe de fibres. Une première rangée est composée de perforations circulaires 14 avec un premier diamètre. Elles sont regroupées par cinq avec un premier espacement entre elles. Les perforations produisent des jets définis à partir de leur section.We have shown on the figure 4 the arrangement of the perforations making it possible to obtain a profile of the type represented on the figure 3 . This representation and the following ones are not scaled. The diameter of the perforations has been enlarged for a better understanding of the invention. They are arranged in two rows parallel to each other perpendicular to the direction of travel of the sheet of fibers. A first row is composed of circular perforations 14 with a first diameter. They are grouped by five with a first spacing between them. The perforations produce jets defined from their section.

Chaque groupe est espacé de son groupe adjacent d'une distance supérieure au premier espacement. Par exemple, l'espacement entre les perforations d'un groupe peut être de 0,2mm ou plus et l'espacement entre deux groupes adjacents peut être supérieur à 2mm, le diamètre des perforations étant de 80 à 300µm. Sur la rangée suivante on trouve des perforations 24 dont le diamètre est différent de celui des perforations 14. Elles sont ici disposées dans l'intervalle entre deux groupes adjacents de la première rangée. Chaque groupe de la deuxième rangée comporte deux perforations disposées de manière à s'intercaler entre les groupes de la première rangée. De préférence, les deux rangées sont disposées sur le même strip car les perforations sont alimentées alors dans les mêmes conditions hydrauliques, de pression notamment. Les jets issus des perforations dont le diamètre est plus grand ont donc une énergie plus grande puisque l'énergie est dans ce cas en relation avec le débit. Les stries ou rainures formées par ces derniers sont plus profondes que les stries formées par la première rangée. Il n'y a pas d'interférence entre les jets issus des perforations des deux rangées. Les stries sont bien séparées. C'est la meilleure solution pour bien synchroniser les jets d'eau et maîtriser le motif final.Each group is spaced from its adjacent group a distance greater than the first spacing. For example, the spacing between the perforations of a group may be 0.2mm or more and the spacing between two adjacent groups may be greater than 2mm, the diameter of the perforations being 80 to 300μm. In the next row there are perforations 24 whose diameter is different from that of the perforations 14. They are here arranged in the gap between two adjacent groups of the first row. Each group of the second row has two perforations arranged to be interposed between the groups of the first row. Preferably, the two rows are arranged on the same strip because the perforations are then fed under the same hydraulic conditions, including pressure. The jets from the perforations whose diameter is larger therefore have a higher energy since the energy is in this case in relation to the flow. The striations or grooves formed by these are deeper than the streaks formed by the first row. There is no interference between the jets from the perforations of the two rows. The streaks are well separated. This is the best solution to synchronize the jets of water and master the final pattern.

On a représenté sur la figure 4A la disposition des perforations selon une seule rangée. Celle-ci comprend des perforations avec une première section 14A et des perforations selon une deuxième section 24A, différente de la première.We have shown on the Figure 4A the arrangement of the perforations in a single row. This comprises perforations with a first section 14A and perforations according to a second section 24A, different from the first.

On a représenté sur la figure 5, un autre arrangement de perforations. Il se distingue du précédent par l'ajout de perforations 15' en face des perforations 25 de la rangée suivante. Ces perforations 15' diffèrent des perforations 15 par leur profil longitudinal, non représenté. Elles produisent des jets plus diffus et donc des sillons moins bien marqués. Les caractéristiques hydrauliques de ces perforations sont par exemple dégradées par rapport à celles des perforations 15 de telle sorte que les jets produits marquent peu la surface de la nappe. Ils ont pour fonction de préparer la nappe pour recevoir les jets de la rangée suivante qui marquent mieux.We have shown on the figure 5 , another arrangement of perforations. It is distinguished from the previous by the addition of perforations 15 'opposite the perforations 25 of the next row. These perforations 15 'differ from the perforations 15 by their longitudinal profile, not shown. They produce more diffuse jets and therefore less marked furrows. The hydraulic characteristics of these perforations are for example degraded compared to those of the perforations 15 so that the jets produced scarcely mark the surface of the sheet. Their function is to prepare the tablecloth to receive the jets of the next row which mark better.

Sur la figure 6 on a représenté des perforations 26 sur la seconde rangée qui présentent une section de forme non circulaire. La forme est ovale d'axe incliné par rapport à l'alignement des perforations 16. Cependant la forme de la section peut être différente encore ; on peut aussi supprimer l'inclinaison.On the figure 6 there are shown perforations 26 in the second row which have a section of non-circular shape. The shape is oval axis inclined relative to the alignment of the perforations 16. However, the shape of the section may be different again; we can also remove the inclination.

Sur la figure 7, les perforations de la première rangée sont à section circulaire. Cependant on distingue des perforations 17 avec une première section et des perforations 17' avec une deuxième section de plus grand diamètre. Les perforations 17 sont regroupées ici par 5 avec un premier espacement entre elles. Entre ces groupes, on a disposé les perforations 17' ici au nombre de deux.On the figure 7 , the perforations of the first row are circular in section. However, there are perforations 17 with a first section and perforations 17 'with a second section of larger diameter. The perforations 17 are grouped here by 5 with a first spacing between them. Between these groups, there are arranged the perforations 17 'here two in number.

La deuxième rangée comprend des perforations 27 avec une section, ici, identique à la première. Ils sont alignés dans le sens du défilement (qui est perpendiculaire aux rangées) avec les perforations 17. Deux perforations 27' sont disposées dans l'alignement d'une perforation 17'. Cette disposition permet de réaliser des stries à plusieurs niveaux : un premier niveau est obtenu par les jets des perforations 17 et 27 alignées, un deuxième niveau obtenu par l'alignement des jets issus des perforations 17' et 27', et un troisième niveau est obtenu par une perforation 17' seule.The second row comprises perforations 27 with a section, here identical to the first. They are aligned in the direction of travel (which is perpendicular to the rows) with the perforations 17. Two perforations 27 'are arranged in alignment with a perforation 17'. This arrangement makes it possible to produce striations at several levels: a first level is obtained by the jets of the perforations 17 and 27 aligned, a second level obtained by the alignment of the jets coming from the perforations 17 'and 27', and a third level is obtained by a perforation 17 'alone.

La figure 8 montre 2 rangées. Par rapport au sens de défilement, la disposition est inversée quand on la compare à la disposition de la figure 4. Les perforations les plus larges sont à l'avant.The figure 8 shows 2 rows. Compared to the direction of scrolling, the layout is reversed when compared to the layout of the figure 4 . The widest perforations are at the front.

La figure 9 montre un exemple de strip avec trois rangées, 19, 29 et 39. Les sections des perforations 19 sont les plus grandes ; les perforations de la deuxième rangée 29 ont une dimension intermédiaire entre celle des perforations 19 et 39 de la troisième rangée. On constate donc que le procédé permet de réaliser des nappes de coton ou autres fibres cellulosiques striées, dont le profil peut être varié.The figure 9 shows an example of a strip with three rows, 19, 29 and 39. The sections of the perforations 19 are the largest; the perforations of the second row 29 have an intermediate dimension between that of the perforations 19 and 39 of the third row. It can therefore be seen that the process makes it possible to produce cotton or other cellulosic striated fibers whose profile can be varied.

D'autres combinaisons que celles représentées ici peuvent être conçues sans sortir du cadre de l'invention en jouant à la fois sur la disposition des perforations et leur section.Other combinations than those shown here can be designed without departing from the scope of the invention by playing both on the arrangement of the perforations and their section.

On a réalisé des produits conformes à l'invention avec des injecteurs d'eau de liage comportant sur un même « strip » des orifices disposés selon des motifs différents.Products according to the invention have been produced with water-jet injectors comprising, on the same "strip", orifices arranged in different patterns.

La figure 10 représente un injecteur dont le strip comporte des orifices répartis sur deux rangées : une première rangée d'orifices 110 de diamètre 140 µm et une deuxième rangée d'orifices 210 de forme ovale dont le grand diamètre est de 700 µm. Les orifices sont représentés en agrandissement par rapport à leur écartement Le motif répétitif est ici constitué de cinq orifices 110 de diamètre 140 µm, distants les uns des autres de 4,8 mm et d'un orifice ovale. La distance entre le centre de l'orifice ovale 210 et celui de l'orifice 110 adjacent est de 7,2 mm. Ce motif se répète sur toute la largeur de l'injecteur. On a soumis quatre nappes, de même poids Pds, de coton hydrophile à un traitement d'hydroliage avec un tel injecteur dont l'alimentation en eau était réglée à une pression P différente pour chacune : 20, 40, 64 et 84 bars respectivement. Après traitement, on a mesuré l'épaisseur de la nappe EP en mm, son gonflant G en mm, les résistances sens marche Rsm et sens travers Rst en Newton par pouce de large (N/pouce).The figure 10 represents an injector whose strip comprises orifices distributed in two rows: a first row of orifices 110 with a diameter of 140 μm and a second row of orifices 210 of oval shape whose large diameter is 700 μm. The orifices are shown in enlargement with respect to their spacing. The repeating pattern here consists of five orifices 110 of diameter 140 μm, spaced from each other by 4.8 mm and an oval orifice. The distance between the center of the oval orifice 210 and that of the adjacent orifice 110 is 7.2 mm. This pattern repeats over the entire width of the injector. Four plies, of the same weight Pds, of hydrophilic cotton were subjected to a hydrolysis treatment with such an injector whose water supply was set at a different pressure P for each: 20, 40, 64 and 84 bars respectively. After treatment, the thickness of the EP ply was measured in mm, its swelling G in mm, the RMS direction and Rst direction resistance in Newton per inch of width (N / inch).

L'épaisseur EP de la nappe est la mesure d'une pile de 20 formats découpés dans la nappe avec application d'une pression de 2,25 g/cm2. Le gonflant G ou potentiel d'épaisseur correspond au regain de hauteur de la pile de formats lorsqu'on enlève la pression ci-dessus.The thickness EP of the web is the measurement of a stack of 20 formats cut from the web with application of a pressure of 2.25 g / cm 2 . The swelling G or thickness potential corresponds to the height rise of the stack of sizes when removing the pressure above.

On a mesuré la profondeur des rainures selon la méthode suivante :

  • On dispose un échantillon sous une caméra numérique 3 CCD en s'assurant qu'il est bien plan et bien centré. On réalise une image. Par un logiciel approprié, Optocat par exemple, on assure l'acquisition et le traitement de l'image dans la zone d'intérêt déterminée en combinant les techniques de code de Gray et de décalage de phase. Un masquage automatique permet de retirer les points ayant un mauvais contraste ou présentant des ambiguïtés. Ensuite par un logiciel, Toposurf par exemple, on analyse l'image obtenue et on réalise un profil de son relief. Sur la courbe obtenue on mesure le relief.
The depth of the grooves was measured according to the following method:
  • A sample is placed under a 3 CCD digital camera, making sure it is flat and centered. We make an image. By appropriate software, Optocat for example, it ensures the acquisition and processing of the image in the area of interest determined by combining the Gray code and phase shift techniques. Automatic masking removes points with poor contrast or ambiguities. Then by a software, Toposurf for example, one analyzes the image obtained and one realizes a profile of its relief. On the curve obtained, the relief is measured.

Pour une zone examinée, on obtient une courbe telle que représentée sur la figure 10A avec en abscisses la distance le long du profil en mm, et en ordonnées la hauteur en µm.For a zone examined, a curve is obtained as represented on the figure 10A with the abscissa the distance along the profile in mm, and the ordinate the height in μm.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 10A, on découpe la zone mesurée en segments ici de A à F. Chacun des segments encadre un profil en cloche avec un pic entre deux rainures. L'écartement entre les rainures correspond à celui des orifices ménagés sur le strip de l'injecteur utilisé, ce qu'on peut aisément vérifier. Pour chaque segment on détermine la hauteur du pic par rapport à chacun des deux points bas. On obtient donc deux hauteurs du même pic respectivement par rapport au niveau bas des deux sillons latéraux.As we see on the figure 10A the area measured in segments is cut from A to F. Each of the segments frames a bell-shaped profile with a peak between two grooves. The spacing between the grooves corresponds to that of the orifices on the strip of the injector used, which can easily be checked. For each segment, the height of the peak with respect to each of the two low points is determined. We thus obtain two heights of the same peak respectively with respect to the low level of the two lateral grooves.

Ensuite pour chacun des pics qui ne correspond pas à une rainure profonde (ici les rainures autres que celle entre les segments C et D), on détermine la valeur moyenne des deux valeurs. Pour les rainures profondes, la valeur retenue est le maximum des valeurs mesurées sur leur flanc le plus haut. Dans le cas présent on n'a sur la zone mesurée qu'une seule rainure profonde entre C et D.Then for each of the peaks which does not correspond to a deep groove (here the grooves other than that between the segments C and D), the average value of the two values is determined. For deep grooves, the value used is the maximum of the values measured on their highest side. In the present case there is only one deep groove between C and D on the measured area.

On obtient une valeur pour chacun des segments. On retient trois valeurs respectivement Hs faible, Hp élevée, et Hm moyenne et :

  • la valeur Hs correspondant à la profondeur des rainures superficielles qui forment lesdites premières rainures.
  • la valeur Hp correspondant au maximum de profondeur des rainures profondes qui forment lesdites deuxièmes rainures,
  • la valeur Hm correspondant à la profondeur des rainures moyennes qui forment les dites troisièmes rainures ou bien lesdites premières rainures en l'absence de valeur Hs,
We obtain a value for each of the segments. Three values are respectively low Hs, high Hp, and average Hm and:
  • the value Hs corresponding to the depth of the surface grooves which form said first grooves.
  • the value Hp corresponding to the maximum depth of the deep grooves which form said second grooves,
  • the value Hm corresponding to the depth of the mean grooves which form the said third grooves or the said first grooves in the absence of an Hs value,

Dans le présent exemple on n'a pu déterminer que des valeurs Hp et Hm en raison de la nature du motif.In this example only Hp and Hm values could be determined because of the nature of the pattern.

A partir de la pression P, et du débit on peut déterminer l'énergie EN (en 10-3kWh/m2) appliquée sur la nappe.From the pressure P and the flow rate, the energy EN (in 10 -3 kWh / m 2 ) applied to the sheet can be determined.

On a réalisé aussi une nappe témoin T avec un injecteur ne présentant qu'une seule sorte d'orifices régulièrement espacés selon l'art antérieur.A control ply T was also made with an injector having only one kind of orifices regularly spaced according to the prior art.

On constate que pour une valeur d'énergie appliquée comparable à celle du témoin (entre 1 et 2 10-3kWh/m2), on obtient par cette technique des profondeurs de rainure élevées entre 600 et 850 µm pour une pression entre 40 et 64 bars seulement. Cette valeur est à comparer avec la profondeur moyenne de 250 µm sur la nappe témoin.It can be seen that for an applied energy value comparable to that of the control (between 1 and 2 10 -3 kWh / m 2 ), this technique results in high groove depths between 600 and 850 μm for a pressure between 40 and Only 64 bars. This value is to be compared with the average depth of 250 μm on the control ply.

On observe aussi que l'épaisseur de la nappe est supérieure (63-66 mm par rapport à 58 mm) et le gonflant amélioré (6 par rapport 4).It is also observed that the thickness of the sheet is greater (63-66 mm compared to 58 mm) and the improved swelling (6 compared to 4).

On a rassemblé les résultats dans le tableau ci-dessous. Motif 1 Nappe P bar Pds g/m2 EP mm G Mm Rsm Rst Hp Hm Hs EN N/pouce µm T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1,72 1 84 245 63 6 23 15 898 464 3,18 2 64 239 63 6 17 10 852 392 2,12 3 40 240 66 6 12 7 614 299 1,05 4 20 240 64 5 8 5 274 113 0,37 The results are summarized in the table below. Reason 1 Tablecloth P bar Pds g / m 2 EP mm G Mm rsm Rst hp hm Hs IN N / inch microns T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1.72 1 84 245 63 6 23 15 898 464 3.18 2 64 239 63 6 17 10 852 392 2.12 3 40 240 66 6 12 7 614 299 1.05 4 20 240 64 5 8 5 274 113 0.37

Dans cet exemple les premières rainures sont les rainures définies par les segments A, B, C ; D, E, F et la deuxième rainure est formée entre les segments C et D.In this example the first grooves are the grooves defined by the segments A, B, C; D, E, F and the second groove is formed between the segments C and D.

Sur la figure 11 on a représenté une autre disposition d'essai.On the figure 11 there is shown another test arrangement.

Ce motif comprend,sur une première rangée, une premier groupe de cinq orifices circulaires 111 de diamètres 140µm distants de 1,2 mm, et, sur une deuxième rangée, un deuxième groupe de trois orifices circulaires de diamètre 200 µm. L'écartement entre les orifices 211 est de 2,4 mm. Le deuxième groupe est à une distance de 4,8 mm par rapport au premier groupe aussi bien d'un côté que de l'autre. Ce motif se répète tout le long du strip.This pattern comprises, in a first row, a first group of five circular orifices 111 with diameters 140 μm that are 1.2 mm apart and, in a second row, a second group of three circular orifices with a diameter of 200 μm. The spacing between the orifices 211 is 2.4 mm. The second group is at a distance of 4.8 mm from the first group as well on one side as the other. This pattern is repeated all along the strip.

Le profil, tel qu'il a été mesuré selon la méthode rappelée ci-dessus, est représenté sur la figure 11A.The profile, as measured by the method described above, is represented on the figure 11A .

Dans la zone examinée, on relève la présence de segments que l'on a désignés de A à O. On distingue
des premières rainures superficielles de profondeur Hs dont la valeur est déterminée à partir des flancs des segments [C, D, E, F, K, L, M, N].
des deuxièmes rainures profondes entre les segments A et B, G et H, et 1 et J [A, B, G, H ; I, J] On en détermine la valeur Hp de la profondeur à partir des valeurs mesurées respectivement sur les flancs droit de A, gauche de B, flanc droit de G et flanc gauche de J. [A, B ; G, J]. On retient la valeur maximale pour Hp.
Des troisièmes rainures de profondeur Hm dont la valeur est déterminée à partir des segments H et I [H, I].In the area examined, we note the presence of segments that have been designated A to O. We distinguish
first shallow depth grooves Hs whose value is determined from the flanks of the segments [C, D, E, F, K, L, M, N].
second deep grooves between segments A and B, G and H, and 1 and J [A, B, G, H; I, J] The value Hp of the depth is determined from the values measured respectively on the right flanks of A, left of B, right flank of G and left flank of J. [A, B; G, J]. We retain the maximum value for Hp.
Third grooves of depth Hm whose value is determined from segments H and I [H, I].

Les valeurs déterminées sont reprises sur le tableau ci-dessous.The values determined are shown in the table below.

On note que ce motif permet de réaliser des deuxièmes rainures profondes jusqu'à 774 µm. Cette profondeur est à mettre en relation avec l'écartement de 4,8 mm entre le premier groupe et le deuxième groupe d'orifices Motif 2 nappe P bar Pds g/m2 EP Mm G mm Rsm Rst Hp Hm Hs EN N/pouce µm T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1,72 1 84 236 52 4 48 27 774 338 157 6,55 2 64 233 56 4 35 18 620 261 111 4,35 3 40 239 62 6 18 11 428 209 83 2,15 4 20 228 63 6 8 5 271 142 54 0,76 Note that this pattern allows for second deep grooves up to 774 microns. This depth is to be related to the gap of 4.8 mm between the first group and the second group of orifices Reason 2 tablecloth P bar Pds g / m 2 EP Mm G mm rsm Rst hp hm Hs IN N / inch microns T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1.72 1 84 236 52 4 48 27 774 338 157 6.55 2 64 233 56 4 35 18 620 261 111 4.35 3 40 239 62 6 18 11 428 209 83 2.15 4 20 228 63 6 8 5 271 142 54 0.76

Selon une variante de motif on prévoit par exemple un motif avec un groupe de cinq premiers orifices 111 distants de 1 mm et un groupe de trois deuxièmes orifices distants de 4 mm.According to a variant of the pattern is provided for example a pattern with a group of five first orifices 111 1 mm apart and a group of three second orifices 4 mm apart.

Sur la figure 12 on a représenté le motif des orifices d'injecteur choisi pour un troisième essai.On the figure 12 the pattern of the injector orifices chosen for a third test is shown.

L'injecteur comporteThe injector comprises

Sur une première rangée, un groupe de quatre orifices circulaires 112 : diamètre 140 µm, écartement 2 mm ;In a first row, a group of four circular orifices 112: diameter 140 μm, spacing 2 mm;

Sur une deuxième rangée, un groupe de trois orifices circulaires 212 : diamètre 180 µm, écartement 3 mm ;In a second row, a group of three circular orifices 212: diameter 180 μm, spacing 3 mm;

Sur une troisième rangée, un seul orifice circulaire 312 : diamètre 200 µm, écartement 6 mm.In a third row, a single circular orifice 312: diameter 200 microns, spacing 6 mm.

Le profil du relief, selon une coupe transversale à la direction des rainures, déterminé par les mesures effectuées est montré sur la figure 12A. On distingue les segments référencés de A à K avec
des premières rainures, superficielles, définies par les segments [G à droite, H, I, J], une deuxième rainure, profonde, définie par le flanc droit de C, et le flanc gauche de D, des troisièmes rainures, de profondeur moyenne ou intermédiaire, définies par les flancs des segments E, F, et le flanc gauche de GThe profile of the relief, in a cross section to the direction of the grooves, determined by the measurements made is shown on the figure 12A . We distinguish the segments referenced from A to K with
first grooves, superficial, defined by the segments [G on the right, H, I, J], a second groove, deep, defined by the right side of C, and the left side of D, third grooves, of medium depth or intermediate, defined by the flanks of the segments E, F, and the left flank of G

Le tableau ci-dessous rassemble les valeurs Motif 3 nappe P bar Pds g/m2 EP mm G mm Rsm RstN/pouce Hp Hm Hs EN µm T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1,72 1 84 230 50 3 49 35 774 370 233 4,3 2 64 222 57 4 28 18 704 373 221 2,86 3 40 237 60 5 15 11 592 302 168 1,41 4 20 228 63 5 8 5 308 113 61 0,50 The table below shows the values Reason 3 tablecloth P bar Pds g / m 2 EP mm G mm Rsm RstN / inch hp hm Hs IN microns T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1.72 1 84 230 50 3 49 35 774 370 233 4.3 2 64 222 57 4 28 18 704 373 221 2.86 3 40 237 60 5 15 11 592 302 168 1.41 4 20 228 63 5 8 5 308 113 61 0.50

Sur la figure 13 on a représenté le motif d'injecteur pour un quatrième essai.On the figure 13 the injector pattern is shown for a fourth test.

L'injecteur comporteThe injector comprises

Sur une première rangée, un groupe de quatre orifices circulaires 113 : diamètre 140 µm, écartement 1,2 mm ;In a first row, a group of four circular orifices 113: diameter 140 μm, spacing 1.2 mm;

Sur une deuxième rangée, un groupe de deux orifices circulaires 213 : diamètre 180 µm, écartement 2,4 mm ;In a second row, a group of two circular orifices 213: diameter 180 μm, spacing 2.4 mm;

Sur une troisième rangée, un seul troisième orifice circulaire 313 : diamètre 200 µm, écartement 4,8 mm.In a third row, a single third circular orifice 313: diameter 200 microns, spacing 4.8 mm.

Le profil déterminé par les mesures effectuées est montré sur la figure 13A. on distingue les segments référencés de A à N avec
des premières rainures superficielles définies par les segments [C, D, E, J, K, L],
trois deuxièmes rainures profondes [flanc gauche de A ; entre G et H ; et flanc droit de N]
et des troisièmes rainures moyennes définies par les segments [B, F, I, M].The profile determined by the measurements made is shown on the figure 13A . we distinguish the segments referenced from A to N with
first surface grooves defined by segments [C, D, E, J, K, L],
three second deep grooves [left flank of A; between G and H; and right flank of N]
and third average grooves defined by segments [B, F, I, M].

Le tableau ci-dessous rassemble les valeurs mesurées. Motif 4 Nappe P bar Pds g/m2 EP mm G mm Rsm Rst Hp Hm Hs EN N/pouce µm T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1,72 1 84 237 47 3 46 34 501 244 105 6,31 2 64 227 56 4 34 22 536 133 114 4,19 3 40 226 59 5 19 12 464 232 111 2,07 4 20 229 62 5 8 5 221 139 55 0,73 The table below shows the measured values. Reason 4 Tablecloth P bar Pds g / m 2 EP mm G mm rsm Rst hp hm Hs IN N / inch microns T 34 257 58 4 24 17 250 1.72 1 84 237 47 3 46 34 501 244 105 6.31 2 64 227 56 4 34 22 536 133 114 4.19 3 40 226 59 5 19 12 464 232 111 2.07 4 20 229 62 5 8 5 221 139 55 0.73

Les rainures sont par exemple rectilignes mais elles peuvent aussi être au moins en partie de forme brisée, ondulée, sinusoïdale en particulier ou même interrompue.The grooves are for example rectilinear but they can also be at least partially broken, wavy, sinusoidal shape in particular or even interrupted.

Selon une variante de ce motif non représentée, on prévoit un groupe de cinq ou quatre orifices 113 (140 µm) distants de 1,2 mm chacun, un groupe de deux orifices 213 (180 µm) avec une écartement de 3,6 mm et un troisième orifice 313 (200µm) distant de 3,6 mm également.According to a variant of this pattern, not shown, there is provided a group of five or four orifices 113 (140 μm) spaced apart by 1.2 mm each, a group of two orifices 213 (180 μm) with a spacing of 3.6 mm and a third orifice 313 (200 .mu.m) distant 3.6 mm also.

Sur la figure 14, on a représenté une autre variante de motif de répartition d'orifices sur un même strip d'injecteur.On the figure 14 another variant of orifice distribution pattern is shown on the same injector strip.

Le motif comprend successivement sur une rangée un groupe de trois orifices 114 (140 µm) distants de 1 mm chacun, sur une autre rangée un groupe de deux orifices 214 (180 µm) avec un écartement de3 mm et sur une autre rangée encore un seul orifice 314 (200µm) avec un écartement de 3 mm avec les orifices 214 et de 4 mm avec les orifices 114.The pattern comprises successively in a row a group of three orifices 114 (140 μm) spaced 1 mm apart each, in another row a group of two orifices 214 (180 μm) with a spacing of 3 mm and in another row still only one orifice 314 (200 μm) with a spacing of 3 mm with the orifices 214 and 4 mm with the orifices 114.

Comme on le voit, on peut varier les arrangements d'orifices de diamètres différents et d'écartement différents sur des rangées distinctes ou sur une même rangée.As can be seen, the arrangements of orifices of different diameters and different spacings can be varied on separate rows or on the same row.

Claims (25)

  1. Method for the water-jet entangling of a fibrous web (N), consisting in placing the web on a porous support (10) that can move translationally or rotationally about an axis and in treating at least one face of the web by means of a plurality of water jets arranged in a single row perpendicular to the run direction of the web, characterized in that the row contains jets (14A) with a first cross section and at least jets (24A) with a second cross section different from the first.
  2. Method for the water-jet entangling of a fibrous web, consisting in placing the web on a porous support that can move translationally or rotationally about an axis and in treating the web by means of a plurality of water jets arranged in at least two rows perpendicular to the run direction of the web, characterized in that the rows contain jets (14, 16, 17, 18, 19) with a first cross section and at least jets (24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 39) with a second cross section different from the first, at least one row containing jets whose mutual spacing is not constant.
  3. Method according to the preceding claim, in which the web is treated by means of jets arranged in a number of rows that ranges from two to four.
  4. Method according to Claim 2 or 3, the rows of jets of which are produced by the same injector (22).
  5. Method according to either of Claims 3 and 4, one row of which contains jets (14, 18) forming spaced-apart groups, the row that follows having jets that are not aligned, in the run direction of the web, with the jets (24, 28) of the first row.
  6. Method according to either of Claims 3 and 4, one row of which contains jets (17) forming spaced-apart groups, the row that follows having jets (27, 27') partly aligned, in the run direction of the web, with those of the first row.
  7. Method according to either of Claims 5 and 6, the first row containing jets of a first cross section and the following row jets of a second cross section.
  8. Method according to either of Claims 5 and 6, the first row containing jets of a first cross section and jets of a second cross section, the following row containing jets of a second cross section, or else jets of a second cross section and jets of a third cross section.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which both faces of the web are treated.
  10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which essentially cellulose fibers, especially cotton fibers, are treated.
  11. Device for implementing the method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the jets are produced by perforations provided along a strip placed facing a water delivery channel, characterized in that the perforations in any one strip (30) have different cross sections.
  12. Device according to the preceding claim, the strip (30) of which has at least two rows of perforations.
  13. Device according to the preceding claim, the perforations of any one row of which have a first cross section, this cross section being different from the cross section of the perforations of the other row.
  14. Fibrous web comprising fibers hydroentangled by water jets, having, on at least one face, grooves formed by said hydroentangling, characterized in that it comprises at least:
    - first grooves from 50 to 600 µm in depth with a spacing between a first groove and an adjacent groove ranging from 0.2 to 5 mm; and
    - at least one second groove from 200 to 1000 µm in depth with a spacing between a second groove and an adjacent groove ranging from 2 to 9 mm, the depth and the spacing of the second groove both being greater than those of the first grooves.
  15. Fibrous web according to Claim 14, comprising at least one group of at least two adjacent second grooves and preferably at most five adjacent second grooves.
  16. Fibrous web according to Claim 15, comprising at most six adjacent second grooves.
  17. Fibrous web according to Claim 14, 15 or 16, the first grooves of which have a depth ranging from 50 to 250 µm.
  18. Fibrous web according to one of Claims 14 to 17, comprising at least one group of at least two adjacent first grooves and preferably at most twenty adjacent first grooves.
  19. Fibrous web according to one of Claims 14 to 18, the spacing between a first groove and an adjacent groove of which ranges from 0.2 to 2 mm, preferably from 1 to 2 mm.
  20. Fibrous web according to one of Claims 14 to 19, the spacing between a second groove and an adjacent groove of which ranges from 3 to 5 mm.
  21. Fibrous web according to one of Claims 14 to 20, comprising third grooves different from the first and second grooves.
  22. Fibrous web according to Claim 21, the third grooves of which differ from the two others by their depth.
  23. Fibrous web according to Claim 22, the third grooves of which differ from the two others by their spacing.
  24. Web according to one of Claims 14 to 23, obtained using the method according to one of Claims 1 to 10.
  25. Fibrous pad intended for skin care, produced from a web according to one of Claims 14 to 24.
EP04767371.0A 2003-06-18 2004-06-17 Method and device for hydroentangling a web made of a fibrous cellulose product, and a web of this type Active EP1646745B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0307349A FR2856414B1 (en) 2003-06-18 2003-06-18 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HYDROLING A FIBROUS CELLULOSIC PRODUCT TABLE
PCT/FR2004/001510 WO2004113602A1 (en) 2003-06-18 2004-06-17 Method and device for hydroentangling a web made of a fibrous cellulose product, and a web of this type

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EP1646745B1 true EP1646745B1 (en) 2014-03-26

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EP (1) EP1646745B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004249920B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2529028C (en)
FR (1) FR2856414B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2352696C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2004113602A1 (en)

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FR2856414A1 (en) 2004-12-24
RU2005138594A (en) 2007-07-27
US20060137155A1 (en) 2006-06-29
CA2529028A1 (en) 2004-12-29
US7669304B2 (en) 2010-03-02
FR2856414B1 (en) 2005-09-23
WO2004113602A1 (en) 2004-12-29
US7467445B2 (en) 2008-12-23
CA2529028C (en) 2012-03-20
AU2004249920A1 (en) 2004-12-29
RU2352696C2 (en) 2009-04-20
US20090113680A1 (en) 2009-05-07
EP1646745A1 (en) 2006-04-19
AU2004249920B2 (en) 2009-09-24

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