EP1632743A1 - Dispositf pour un simulateur laser - Google Patents

Dispositf pour un simulateur laser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1632743A1
EP1632743A1 EP04020757A EP04020757A EP1632743A1 EP 1632743 A1 EP1632743 A1 EP 1632743A1 EP 04020757 A EP04020757 A EP 04020757A EP 04020757 A EP04020757 A EP 04020757A EP 1632743 A1 EP1632743 A1 EP 1632743A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
laser
wedge
unit
laser unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04020757A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Per Cederwall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saab AB
Original Assignee
Saab AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saab AB filed Critical Saab AB
Priority to EP04020757A priority Critical patent/EP1632743A1/fr
Publication of EP1632743A1 publication Critical patent/EP1632743A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/265—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with means for selecting or varying the shape or the direction of the emitted beam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/006—Guided missiles training or simulation devices

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a device for a laser simulator for simulating the firing of a weapon with a parabolic, homing or otherwise guided high ammunition trajectory or combinations thereof as described in the preamble to claim 1.
  • simulator devices The use of simulator devices is known in the training of gunners in the firing of missiles. These devices make it possible to conduct tactical training and train the gunners in that they learn to aim and fire at a target without using real projectiles or missiles.
  • the projectile in these simulator devices is generally a fictive projectile: a computer determines the position of the fictive projectile, compares this position with that of the target being aimed at and then estimates the quality of the firing by, among other ways, determining the extent to which the aiming (or sighting) of the firing would have enabled the projectile to hit the target if the firing had been real.
  • laser simulator One common type of similar device for simulating missile firing is a so-called "laser simulator," wherein the fictive projectile can consist of a laser beam that can strike a target with a hit pattern that corresponds to that of a real missile.
  • a laser beam cannot be caused to follow a missile trajectory when it is not rectilinear, as in the case of, e.g. a parabolic missile trajectory.
  • Simulation can instead be achieved by aiming the laser beam in a direction that deviates from the direction of elevation for the laser simulator in such a way that the hit point for the laser beam corresponds to the hit point for the missile.
  • the laser beam can thereby represent, e.g.
  • a missile weapon with a homing warhead that continuously searches for and locks onto the heat signature given off by the target being engaged.
  • Such missiles fly with high, parabolic trajectories.
  • the missile can then terminate its flight by turning down toward the target and, e.g. striking the roof of a tank. This can also be relevant with respect to ballistic weapons whose projectile trajectories conform to a ballistic parabola, or other types of guided missiles.
  • the barrel/launch ramp In order for a missile/projectile to be able to assume a parabolic trajectory, the barrel/launch ramp must be elevated at a large angle relative to the horizontal plane and "Line of Sight" at the moment of firing. This can be achieved by tilting the barrel/launch ramp relative to the "line of sight” of the sight.
  • the sight is connected mechanically to the launch ramp via a sight mounting so that this angle is maintained.
  • a laser simulator for such a missile weapon should have its laser beam oriented in line with the "line of sight” of the sight to achieve the best possible performance. This is realized in current solutions in that the laser unit in the laser simulator is mounted in line with the "line of sight” and thereby angled relative to the center axis of the barrel or launch ramp. The beam orientation of the laser unit can then easily be aligned so that it coincides with the sighting orientation of the sight.
  • one problem with this known solution consists in that the space inside the barrel is limited, which can cause problems in achieving sufficient tilting of the laser unit when it is arranged inside the barrel. Problems with mechanical interference have been encountered when the laser unit is angled at a large angle in order to correspond to a high angle of elevation of the missile weapon. Such interference can result in degradation of the quality of the simulation to such an extent that the laser simulator does not deliver the desired training results.
  • the invention provides a device for a laser simulator for simulating missile firing in a missile weapon for a parabolic, homing, or otherwise guided missile trajectory or combinations thereof.
  • the laser simulator simulates a missile weapon in which a barrel consists of a launch ramp. The barrel is elated at an angle of elevation ⁇ relative to the line of sight during a firing of the missile weapon.
  • the laser simulator contains a laser unit arranged in the barrel with a mechanical and optical axis in a known relationship relative to one another and relative to a center axis for the barrel.
  • An optical aiming unit comprising an optical wedge arranged in front of an optical outlet on the laser unit so that a beam of light emitted from the laser unit passes through the optical wedge.
  • the optical wedge is intended to deflect the beam of light emitted from the laser unit at an angle of deflection ⁇ corresponding to the angle of elevation ⁇ .
  • the optical wedge in one embodiment of the invention is arranged so as to deflect the emitted beam of light in the vertical plan of the beam path.
  • the optical wedge has a first surface facing toward the muzzle of the barrel and a second surface facing toward the laser unit.
  • the second surface is angled relative to the first surface at a wedge angle ⁇ , which is chosen so that an incident beam of light from the second surface emanates from the first surface of the optical wedge at the deflection angle ⁇ .
  • the first surface is arranged so that its perpendicular direction points in the same direction as the center axis of the barrel.
  • the surface can thereby constitute an orthogonal muzzle glass for the laser unit.
  • the optical wedge is arranged so that a so-called “extreme cross-section", a plane cross-section through the center of gravity of the optical wedge and through the part of the wedge that gives the longest optical path and through the part of the wedge that gives the shortest optical path is arranged so as to coincide with the vertical plane.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ is dimensioned with respect to the refractive index of the wedge relative to the refractive index of the media adjacent to the first and second surface of the optical wedge and the desired optical tilt.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ is selected within the range 13.8° ⁇ 35.8° when the angle of elevation ⁇ for the barrel is within the range 10° ⁇ 28°.
  • the refractive index for the optical wedge should, under these angular conditions, fall within the range 1.716 ⁇ nD ⁇ 1.718, while the effective wavelength of the laser should fall within the range 880 nm ⁇ 930 nm.
  • the laser unit is arranged so as to receive reflections of the emitted beam of light in an optical inlet that coincides with the optical outlet.
  • software in the laser simulator can be arranged so as to correct the image distortion that arises in connection with the refraction of light in the optical lens.
  • the optical aiming unit contains a cylindrical seat in which the optical wedge is fixedly mounted.
  • a gas-tight cylindrical glue joint is arranged between the seat and the optical wedge.
  • a gas-tight volume is created thereby between the laser unit and the optical wedge when the optical aiming unit is sealed by means of an 0-ring that clamps against the laser unit.
  • the cylindrical seat is arranged in a front wall disposed facing the laser unit.
  • This front wall can be releasably secured to the laser unit by means of bolt and/or a friction joints.
  • the optical wedge is arranged in a unit that is freestanding from the laser unit, which freestanding unit is fixed relative to the optical axis of the laser unit in the rotational direction.
  • two or more optical wedges are arranged sequentially in the optical beam path in an integrated unit or in a unit that is freestanding from the laser unit.
  • the optical wedges are fixed relative to the optical axis of the laser unit in the rotational direction. This embodiment occurs mainly in connection with large angles of elevation ⁇ >28°.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a laser simulator 1 according to the invention.
  • the laser simulator 1 comprises a replica of a missile weapon.
  • Alternative embodiments of the laser simulator 1 are naturally also possible within the scope of the idea of the invention.
  • the laser simulator can also be intended for other types of ammunition such as projectiles, shells, guided missiles and rockets.
  • the laser simulator 1 comprises a tubular barrel 2 and a sight 5 arranged beneath the barrel 2.
  • the sight can be a simulator sight, or it can be identical with the sight used on the actual weapon.
  • the sight can be coupled to and uncoupled from the barrel by means of a simple handle, and this can be included as part of the simulator exercise.
  • the barrel 2 comprises the launch ramp for a fired missile.
  • the direction of elevation direction in combination with the propulsive capacity of the missile yields a projectile trajectory consistent with a ballistic parabola.
  • the hit point for the missile weapon i.e. the point where the projectile trajectory terminates, is simulated via the laser simulator
  • a laser unit 3 is arranged inside the barrel 2 of the laser simulator 1. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the laser unit 3 is entirely enclosed inside the barrel 2 in order that the laser simulator 1 will resemble the missile weapon to the greatest extent possible.
  • the laser unit 3 is cylindrical in shape and is arranged in the barrel 2 in such a way that the mechanical axis x m for the laser unit 3 coincides with a center axis for the replica weapon.
  • the laser unit 3 comprises a laser emitter to emit a laser beam of coherent monochromatic light.
  • a beam of light emitted from the laser unit 3 has an optical axis x a which, in the embodiment shown, coincides with the mechanical axis x m .
  • An optical aiming unit 4 is further arranged in connection to the laser unit 3 inside the barrel 2.
  • the optical aiming unit lies in abutment to against an optical outlet 9 from the laser unit 3.
  • this optical outlet also comprises an optical inlet through which the re-reflected laser beam can be received.
  • the laser unit 3 is suspended in frame sections arranged in the barrel 2 of the laser simulator 1. These frame sections consist of linear aluminum sections with specially designed V-grooves that suspend the laser unit 3 by means of vibration-damping rubber strips.
  • the mechanical axis x m of the laser unit 3 is oriented in line with the center axis of the replica weapon frame.
  • Other alternative means of suspending the laser unit 3 are naturally also possible within the scope of the idea of the invention.
  • the laser unit 3 and optical aiming unit 4 are shown in side view in Figure 2a.
  • the optical aiming unit in the figure is arranged as a front wall that is arranged integrated with the laser unit.
  • the optical aiming unit can however also be realized as a unit that is freestanding from and mechanically connected to the laser unit 3, and arranged in front of its outlet. It is important that the mechanical connection be fixed and stable in such an embodiment.
  • the optical aiming unit contains a cylindrical seat 10 and an optical wedge 6 arranged therein that tilts the optical orientation of the laser beam emitted from the laser unit 3.
  • the laser beam is tilted at an angle of deflection ⁇ that corresponds to the angle of elevation ⁇ of the barrel 2.
  • the outgoing laser beam thus travels in a direction that is illustrated in the figure by a corrected optical axis x o .
  • the angle of deflection ⁇ is equal to the angle of elevation ⁇ .
  • the angle of deflection corresponds to the difference between the tilt of the optical axis x a of the laser unit and the angle of elevation.
  • the optical wedge 6 is positioned in the cylindrical seat in such a way that the optical beam path can freely pass through the optical wedge 6.
  • the wedge 6 deflects the beam in the vertical plane.
  • the optical wedge 6 is centered in front of the optical outlet of the laser unit 3.
  • Figure 2b shows a frontal view of the unit.
  • the optical wedge is secured in a mounting component that comprises the front wall of the laser unit 3.
  • the wedge is secured by, e.g. gluing.
  • the wall also comprises three T-grooves for insulating rubber strips that enable stable and vibration-damped mounting in the frame sections. These T-grooves can be seen in the exploded diagram of an optical aiming unit 4 shown in Figure 3.
  • the optical aiming unit further comprises a cylindrical seat 10, one end of which opens out in an axial stop for the optical wedge 6. The other end engages a recess in the front wall.
  • the front wall lies in abutment to the laser unit 3 with an O-ring that lies in a tilted O-ring groove.
  • Two bolts secure the front wall to the laser unit 3 and are used to clamp the front wall to the laser unit 3.
  • the front wall is positionally and rotationally controlled by the two bolts in combination with the O-ring, which controls and centers on a protruding window flange at the optical inlet and outlet of the laser unit 3.
  • the bolt joint also forms a friction joint in the rotational direction, since the O-ring is held against the laser unit 3 under pressure.
  • the O-ring also forms the seal between the optical aiming unit and the laser unit 3.
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded diagram of the optical aiming unit.
  • the optical wedge 6 is made of glass with a known refractive index.
  • the optical wedge 6 has a first surface which, in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, is arranged so that its perpendicular direction points in the same direction as the center axis of the barrel 2.
  • the first surface 7 constitutes the muzzle glass for the laser unit 3.
  • a second surface (8) of the optical wedge 6 is faced toward the optical outlet from the laser unit 3. This surface is angled at a wedge angle ⁇ in relation to the first surface 7.
  • the wedge angle is chosen based on the desired angle of deflection and the refractive index.
  • the angle of deflection ⁇ 18° for the embodiment shown in Figure 2.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ will fall within the range 13.8° ⁇ 35.8°, as the refractive index nD will be on the order of 1.716 ⁇ nD ⁇ 1.7.18.
  • This correlation is determined by the law of refraction for optical media transitions such as between air/glass/nitrogen.
  • gases with known refractive indices can also be relevant, as can other optical materials with known refractive indices in the wedge.
  • the effective wavelength of the laser should fall within the range 880 nm ⁇ 930 nm.
  • the laser wavelength is chosen based on the wavelength range of one of the commercially available laser diodes.
  • the optical wedge 6 is fixedly mounted in the cylindrical seat against an axial stop in the mounting component.
  • the cylindrical seat is equipped with a cylindrical glue gap with glue-filling channels distributed around the wedge 6.
  • the cylindrical glue joint secures the wedge 6 and forms a gas-tight glue joint against the outside world.
  • the unit thus comprises an encapsulation and creates a gas-tight volume between the laser unit 3 and the optical aiming unit.
  • the gas-tight volume between the optical wedge 6 and the outlet of the laser unit 3 is gas-filled via a valve 11; the space can alternatively be placed under vacuum. Removing all types of moisture from the space eliminates the risk of condensation problems when the laser simulator 1 is used at, e.g. low temperatures.
  • the seal also provides effective protection against dirt and impurities on the optical wedge 6 and the outlet of the laser unit 3.
  • the wedge 6 is oriented so that an extreme cross-section through the wedge coincides with the vertical plane.
  • the extreme cross-section constitutes a plane cross-section through the part of the wedge 6 that yields the longest optical path, the part of the wedge 6 that yields the shortest optical path, and a center of gravity for the wedge 6.
  • the part of the wedge 6 that yields the longest optical path is oriented downward in the barrel 2.
  • the optical wedge 6 is antireflection-treated to reduce reflections and transmission losses.
  • the range of the laser beam from the laser unit 3 is thus essentially the same as in an embodiment without no optical wedge 6.
  • Figure 4 shows a view of the laser simulator 1 with a portion of the barrel 2 removed to reveal the units arranged inside the barrel 2.
  • Scattered-light protection 12 is oriented with the center axis at an angle corresponding to the angle of elevation ⁇ in relation to the center axis of the barrel 2. It is naturally also possible to use a laser simulator 1 according to the invention without this type of scattered-light protection 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
EP04020757A 2004-09-01 2004-09-01 Dispositf pour un simulateur laser Withdrawn EP1632743A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04020757A EP1632743A1 (fr) 2004-09-01 2004-09-01 Dispositf pour un simulateur laser

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04020757A EP1632743A1 (fr) 2004-09-01 2004-09-01 Dispositf pour un simulateur laser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1632743A1 true EP1632743A1 (fr) 2006-03-08

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EP04020757A Withdrawn EP1632743A1 (fr) 2004-09-01 2004-09-01 Dispositf pour un simulateur laser

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EP (1) EP1632743A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2561851C2 (ru) * 2013-06-25 2015-09-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Завод им. В.А. Дегтярева" Тренажер для обучения операторов переносных зенитных ракетных комплексов

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3114000A1 (de) * 1981-04-07 1982-10-28 Precitronic Gesellschaft für Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH, 2000 Hamburg Schiesssimulations- und -uebungsverfahren fuer ballistische munition und bewegliche ziele
FR2559911A1 (fr) * 1984-02-22 1985-08-23 Gaussorgues Gilbert Dispositif de balayage optique a l'etat solide
FR2569833A1 (fr) * 1979-11-27 1986-03-07 Thomson Csf Procede et systeme de simulation de tir air-air
EP0294875A1 (fr) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-14 Sprl Leentjens-Boes Système émetteur destiné à la simulation et à l'entrainement au tir
US6296486B1 (en) * 1997-12-23 2001-10-02 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Missile firing simulator with the gunner immersed in a virtual space

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2569833A1 (fr) * 1979-11-27 1986-03-07 Thomson Csf Procede et systeme de simulation de tir air-air
DE3114000A1 (de) * 1981-04-07 1982-10-28 Precitronic Gesellschaft für Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH, 2000 Hamburg Schiesssimulations- und -uebungsverfahren fuer ballistische munition und bewegliche ziele
FR2559911A1 (fr) * 1984-02-22 1985-08-23 Gaussorgues Gilbert Dispositif de balayage optique a l'etat solide
EP0294875A1 (fr) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-14 Sprl Leentjens-Boes Système émetteur destiné à la simulation et à l'entrainement au tir
US6296486B1 (en) * 1997-12-23 2001-10-02 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Missile firing simulator with the gunner immersed in a virtual space

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2561851C2 (ru) * 2013-06-25 2015-09-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Завод им. В.А. Дегтярева" Тренажер для обучения операторов переносных зенитных ракетных комплексов

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