EP1630841B1 - Chambre de commutation et disjoncteur-limiteur - Google Patents

Chambre de commutation et disjoncteur-limiteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1630841B1
EP1630841B1 EP04405527A EP04405527A EP1630841B1 EP 1630841 B1 EP1630841 B1 EP 1630841B1 EP 04405527 A EP04405527 A EP 04405527A EP 04405527 A EP04405527 A EP 04405527A EP 1630841 B1 EP1630841 B1 EP 1630841B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arcing contact
contact piece
switching chamber
throat
contact pieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP04405527A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1630841A1 (fr
Inventor
Olaf Hunger
Max Claessens
Martin Holstein
Johan Abrahamsson
Martin Kriegel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP04405527A priority Critical patent/EP1630841B1/fr
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to AT04405527T priority patent/ATE484067T1/de
Priority to DE502004011745T priority patent/DE502004011745D1/de
Priority to JP2007528550A priority patent/JP4833980B2/ja
Priority to CN2005800363076A priority patent/CN101048837B/zh
Priority to PCT/CH2005/000433 priority patent/WO2006021109A1/fr
Publication of EP1630841A1 publication Critical patent/EP1630841A1/fr
Priority to US11/709,819 priority patent/US7566842B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1630841B1 publication Critical patent/EP1630841B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of high voltage switch technology. It relates to a switching chamber for a high-performance switch and a high-performance switch and to a method for switching off a switching chamber according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • a quenching gas high-performance switch with a switching chamber which has two arcing contact pieces, of which at least one is movable by means of a drive. After a contact separation burns an arc between the two arcing contact pieces.
  • a boiler room is provided for temporary storage of arc gas heated by the arc.
  • An insulating nozzle has to guide a quenching gas flow connected to the boiler room Engle. This will be a blowing reaches the arc, which should lead to its extinction, so that a current flowing through the high-power switch can be switched.
  • capacitive switching thus requires a high relative speed of the two arcing contact pieces.
  • a relative speed of the two arcing contact pieces necessary for capacitive switching can be determined experimentally or by model calculations.
  • the relative speed of the two arcing contact pieces is selected such that it meets the minimum requirements of the capacitive switching, optionally with a safety margin of a few percent.
  • Typical maximum relative speeds of the arcing contact pieces are between 5 m / s and 9 m / s.
  • EP 1 211 706 A1 is a high-performance switch with two movable arcing contact pieces known, with a maximum speed ratio of the two contact pieces is achieved in the opposite direction of movement from 1: 1.6 to 1: 1.7.
  • a high power switch with two movable arcing contact pieces and a heating chamber for temporarily storing quenching gas, which has been heated by an optionally burning between the arcing contact pieces arc.
  • the switch has an insulating nozzle, which has a throat for guiding a quenching gas flow, which in turn is connected by means of a channel with the heating chamber.
  • the two contact pieces move in the opposite direction, wherein the contact separation takes place and the Engnis is at least partially dammed by the second of the two contact pieces. While the throat is still at least partially closed by the second contact piece, there is a reversal of the movement of the second contact piece.
  • the second contact piece then moves in the same direction as the first of the two contact pieces. Due to the fact that the throat is still at least partially blocked by the second contact piece during the reversal of the direction of movement, an increase of the quenching gas pressure in the heating chamber can be generated. As a result, a stronger arc blowing can be achieved.
  • a switching chamber according to the invention for a high-power switch which can be filled with an extinguishing gas has a first arcing contact piece and a second arcing contact piece, of which at least one is movable by means of a drive. If necessary, an arc burns between the arcing contact pieces.
  • the switching chamber comprises a heating chamber for temporarily storing extinguishing gas heated by the arc, and an insulating nozzle which has a throat connected to the heating chamber for guiding an extinguishing gas flow.
  • the switching chamber according to the invention is designed such that during a switch-off operation, a maximum relative velocity v 12, max of the two arcing contact pieces is at least 1.3 times greater than a relative velocity v 12, c of the two arcing contact pieces necessary for the capacitive switching.
  • the inventive switching chamber can be designed such that during a turn-off, the maximum relative speed v 12, max of the two arcing contact pieces to each other at least 1.5 times, preferably at least 1.7 times large, advantageously at least 1.9 times as large or even at least twice as large as the relative speed v 12, c of the two arcing contact pieces necessary for the capacitive switching.
  • the speed v 12, c is the minimum required for capacitive switching relative speed of the two arcing contact pieces, so the smallest relative speed of the two arcing contact pieces, the capacitive switching allows.
  • the invention may consist in that the switching chamber is designed such that, if it is installed in a single-chamber high-power switch, for the maximum relative speed v 12, max of the two arcing contact pieces to each other during a turn-off: v 12 .
  • Advantage v 12 Max ⁇ ⁇ 31 ⁇ U N ⁇ p ⁇ f / e crit ⁇ p 0 .
  • U N is the rated voltage of the heavy-duty circuit breaker
  • p the pole factor of the high-power switch
  • E crit the field strength for discharges of the extinguishing gas
  • po is the filling pressure of the extinguishing gas
  • f is the mains frequency
  • E crit is about 8900 kV / (bar ⁇ m).
  • E crit is about 8900 kV / (bar ⁇ m).
  • Typical line frequencies are 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
  • Fill pressures po are typically 4.3 bar or 6 bar or above.
  • the pole factor p depends on the intended earthing conditions of the high-performance switch in the high-voltage network (see, for example, the IEC 62271-100 standard) and is typically 1.4 or 1.2, and occasionally more than 1.4.
  • Typical high-voltage switch rated voltages U N are of the order of 123 kV or 365 kV.
  • the invention may consist in that the switching chamber is designed such that for the maximum relative speed v 12, max of the two arcing contact pieces to each other during a turn-off operation: v 12 . Max ⁇ ⁇ 13 ⁇ m / s . advantageous v 12 . Max ⁇ ⁇ 15 ⁇ m / s . especially v 12 . Max ⁇ ⁇ 17 ⁇ m / s . especially advantageous v 12 . Max ⁇ ⁇ 19 ⁇ m / s .
  • the invention makes it possible to produce a very large arc gap within a very short time.
  • material from the insulating nozzle can be vaporized by the arc along a large part of the throat, advantageously along the entire length of the throat.
  • a large surface, in particular the entire inner surface of the throat can thus be used for a relatively long period of time for the generation (vaporization) of arc-extinguishing material.
  • a large amount of arc-quenching material is generated, so that an efficient arc blowing is achieved.
  • the movement of the insulating nozzle is coupled to the movement of one of the two contact pieces, in particular rigidly coupled (equally fast and rectified movement of the insulating nozzle and of the relevant contact piece).
  • the relative speed between the insulating nozzle and one of the two contact pieces satisfies one of the abovementioned conditions according to the invention for the maximum relative speed v 12, max of the two contact pieces.
  • the throat is at least partially dammed by one of the two arcing contact pieces, which is referred to as Verdämm contact piece and is movable, so the two arcing contact pieces advantageously until at least the time of release of the passage through the Verdämm contact piece (that is, therefore, at least to one Extinguishing gas flow through the throat is possible), such a relative speed, which satisfies one of the above conditions for v 12, max .
  • This relative speed may be the maximum relative speed v 12, max of the arcing contact pieces or also a relative speed which is less than v 12, max .
  • the invention may be that the switching chamber is designed such that both arcing contacts are movable, and that during a phase of opposite movement of the arcing contact pieces a ratio v1 / v2 of the speed v1 of the first arcing contact to the speed v2 of second arcing contact piece of v1 / v2 ⁇ 1: 2.4, in particular of v1 / v2 ⁇ 1: 2.7, v1 / v2 ⁇ 1: 2.8 or v1 / v2 ⁇ 1: 3 is achieved.
  • a speed ratio a large relative speed of the arcing contact pieces can be achieved. This is particularly advantageous if the mass to be moved with the first arcing contact piece is significantly larger (at least by a factor of 2 or 3 or 4 or more) than the mass to be moved with the second arcing contact piece.
  • a first drive for driving the first arcing contact piece and a second drive for driving the second arcing contact piece are provided.
  • the second drive (auxiliary drive) may be a drive drivable by the first drive.
  • the insulating nozzle can be driven by means of the first drive.
  • the switching chamber is advantageously designed such that in one phase during a rectified movement of the arcing contact pieces for the ratio v1 / v2 of the velocity v1 of the first arcing contact to the velocity v2 of the second arcing contact: 0.4 ⁇ v ⁇ 1 / v ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.2 . especially 0.75 ⁇ v ⁇ 1 / v ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 : 1.15.
  • the speed ratio v1 / v2 is between 0.9 and 1.1 or close to one or is substantially one.
  • a compression space is present whose volume is reduced during a switch-off. It may be the compression chamber with the boiler room identical or different from the boiler room, and be provided in particular a valve between the compression space and the boiler room.
  • the switch, or the switching chamber may be configured as a buffer switch (blow piston switch) or as a self-blowing switch or as a buffer switch self-blowing switch hybrid.
  • the switching chamber may be advantageously designed so that during a turn-off, after the contact separation, and while a quenching gas flow along an axis through the throat in the direction of the second arcing contact piece is possible, a measured parallel to the axis distance d between the throat and the second Arc contact piece is selected such that the flow velocity of the quenching gas flow is at a maximum in such a region, which is arranged with respect to the axis radially laterally adjacent to the second arcing contact piece and / or within the second arcing contact piece.
  • the area can be contiguous or consist of several subareas.
  • the distance d is a spacing.
  • the distance d is of course measured between the ends of Engnis facing each other and the second contact piece when the throat and the second contact piece are spaced from each other.
  • the distance d By said choice of the distance d, an optimization of the extinguishing gas flow, in particular in the region of the throat and the second contact piece is achieved.
  • the extinguishing gas flow is optimized so that a particularly high dielectric strength is generated where a particularly high dielectric load is present.
  • This advantageous effect is achieved by the described choice of the distance d, since a high quenching gas density can be achieved along the switching path, while a lower quenching gas density in the dielectrically less loaded area laterally (and / or inside) of the second contact piece is present.
  • D is the diameter of the cylinder near the end of the cylinder facing the second arcing contact during the extinguishing phase
  • the angle ⁇ is equal to an opening angle ⁇ of an extended region adjoining the throat
  • F' is the area of the radial cross-sectional area of an axis, optionally arranged in the second contact piece, for discharging extinguishing gas
  • the parameter b 1.4 ⁇ b ⁇ 4.5 . especially 1.7 ⁇ b ⁇ 4.0 . especially 2.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 3.5 . and especially advantageous 2.2 ⁇ b ⁇ 3.2 .
  • the throat is formed substantially cylindrical, and advantageously the second contact piece is also formed substantially cylindrical.
  • the diameter of the respective cylinder does not have to be completely constant and can vary slightly. Deviations from a circular cross section to, for example, elliptical cross sections are possible.
  • the throat (or the second contact piece) may have another, advantageously substantially prismatic shape and is still referred to as substantially cylindrical.
  • a corresponding radial dimension of the throat is then taken.
  • the diameter of such a circle can be taken with good accuracy, which has the same area as the throat near the second contact piece.
  • the diameter of the cylinder or the radial dimension of the prism must not be exactly constant.
  • the relevant quantity for the determination of d is the radial dimension at the end of the cylinder or prism facing the second contact piece. Such forms are also included in the term "substantially cylindrical".
  • the mentioned advantageous flow rate condition is fulfilled for the common switch geometries. If the distance d can be kept within a narrower of the specified ranges for d, maintenance of the advantageous extinguishing gas flow can be better ensured.
  • the quenching phase which occurs after the contact separation, and during which an extinguishing gas flow through the throat can take place in the direction of the second arcing contact piece (and also takes place in the case of switching).
  • the distance d satisfies the condition mentioned. This condition is that the region in which the flow velocity of said quenching gas flow directed through the throat toward the second contact piece is greatest is located within the second contact piece and / or laterally adjacent to the second contact piece.
  • the throat is at least partially insulated with a contact piece which can be designated as a damming contact piece, no (notable) extinguishing gas flow can take place through the throat.
  • the said condition for the distance d is advantageously fulfilled for at least 10 ms, more advantageously for at least 20 ms, at least 35 ms or at least 50 ms during a switch-off operation.
  • the Engnis can also be called a nozzle channel.
  • the contact separation means a separation of physical contact between the two arcing contact pieces 1 and 2.
  • the physical contact can be realized, for example, by contacting the contact pieces 1, 2 directly or by means of an intermediate contact piece contacting the two arcing contact pieces 1, 2. Contact pieces).
  • the second arcing contact piece is like a pin, in particular full pin-like design
  • the throat is at least partially deflatable by one of the two arcing contact pieces, which is referred to as Verdämm contact piece and is movable, and the switching chamber is designed such that during a Ausschaltvorganges there is a period during which a direction of movement of the Verdämm Contact piece remains unchanged and the maximum relative speed v 12, max of the two arcing contact pieces to each other is achieved. This period of time advantageously takes at least until the throat is no longer at least partially blocked by the damper contact piece.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment is characterized in that the Engnis by one of the two arcing contact pieces, which is referred to as Verdämm contact piece and is movable, is at least partially WegMmmbar, and that the switching chamber is designed such that during a Ausschaltvorgangs a reversal of movement of the at least one movable arc contact piece takes place when the Engnis is no longer dammed by the Verdämm contact piece at least partially.
  • the movement direction reversal taking place after the release of the throat through the damper contact piece also makes it possible to optimize the quenching gas flow near the damper contact piece.
  • the distance between the two contact pieces can be (slightly) increased or reduced or, with particular advantage, kept substantially constant.
  • a distance between the damper contact piece and the throat can be (slightly) increased or reduced or, particularly advantageously, kept substantially constant.
  • the movement of the insulating nozzle 1: 1 (rigid) is coupled to the movement of the first contact piece and the rectified after the movement direction reversal movement of the two contact pieces is also substantially the same size, a predetermined distance between the throat and the Verdämm contact piece in kept substantially constant.
  • a predetermined distance between the throat and the Verdämm contact piece in kept substantially constant.
  • a driven by the drive gear is used as an auxiliary drive (second drive)
  • a Velocity ratio v1 / v2 of the speed v1 of the first arcing contact piece to the speed v2 of the second arcing contact piece of v1 / v2 ⁇ 1: 1 in the same direction contact piece movement a constant contact piece spacing (and optionally also a constant distance between the throat and the Verdämm contact piece ), which remains constant even when the switch movement is decelerated by a damper mechanism.
  • the influence of return to said distances can be substantially eliminated. Return occurs when the movement of a driven contact piece is hindered by quenching gas in the boiler room, so that thereby takes place an unintended reversal of movement of at least one of the contact pieces.
  • a high-performance switch according to the invention has at least one switching chamber according to the invention and has the corresponding advantages.
  • the method according to the invention for switching off a switching chamber for a high-power switch that can be filled with a quenching gas, with a first arcing contact piece and with a second arcing contact piece, with at least one drive and with an insulating nozzle having a throat, has the steps that at least one of the two arcing contact pieces by means of Drive is moved, that a contact separation takes place and an arc burning between the arcing contact pieces is ignited, is heated by the quenching gas, and that the heated quenching gas is cached and led to the blowing of the arc through the Engnis.
  • a maximum relative speed v 12, max of the two arcing contact pieces is achieved, which is at least 1.3 times, in particular 1.5 times as large as a relative speed v 12, c of the two arcing contact pieces necessary for capacitive switching.
  • the inventive method can also be referred to as a method for switching an electric current by means of a switching chamber.
  • the two arcing contact pieces are arranged coaxially with each other.
  • the channel between the boiler room and Engnis can be advantageously designed as an annular channel.
  • the arcing contact pieces can also be rated current contacts at the same time.
  • separate rated current contacts are provided in addition to the arcing contact pieces.
  • the rated current contacts are separated from each other so that the electrical current to be interrupted commutes to the arcing contact pieces. Thereafter, the arc contact pieces are separated with ignition of the arc.
  • one of the two arcing contact pieces in particular the first arcing contact piece, have an opening for receiving the other, advantageously pin-shaped arcing contact piece in the closed switch state and for discharging extinguishing gas in the opened switch state.
  • this arc contact piece may be formed as a contact tulip with a plurality of contact fingers.
  • the second arcing contact piece is formed like a pin and is movable while the first contact piece has an opening for receiving the second contact piece, and is movable or not movable.
  • High-performance switches and switching chambers in the sense of this application are, in particular, those which are designed for nominal voltages of typically at least approximately 72 kV.
  • the arc in a switching chamber according to the invention generally burns close to the axis and is substantially stationary.
  • the base points of the arc are fixed to the ends of the arcing contact pieces.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an inventive switching chamber or a novel single-chamber high-performance switch in the open state (lower half) and in the closed state (upper half).
  • a gear 3 is shown schematically in plan.
  • the high-power switch filled with a quenching gas for example SF 6 , or a mixture of N 2 and SF 6
  • a quenching gas for example SF 6 , or a mixture of N 2 and SF 6
  • a suitable drive can be, for example, an electrodynamic drive or a spring-loaded drive.
  • a second arcing contact piece 2 is driven by an auxiliary drive 3, which is realized by the drive 3 driven by the drive.
  • the two arcing contacts 1.2 touch each other. It may additionally be provided not shown nominal current contact pieces.
  • the first contact piece 1 is rigidly connected to an insulating nozzle 5 and an auxiliary nozzle 13.
  • the insulating nozzle 5 has a throat 6, which is formed substantially cylindrical with a diameter D. Subsequent to the throat 6, a diameter-extended area 21 with an opening angle ⁇ adjoins. Through an annular channel 7, the Engnis is connected to a boiler room 11. Connected to the heating chamber 11 through a valve 12 is a compression space 10. The volume of the heating space is variable by means of a piston 15, which is advantageously fixed.
  • the high-power switch is formed substantially rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis A, whereby axial directions z1 and z2 along which the arcing contact pieces move and vertical radial directions are defined.
  • Fig. 2 schematically a path-time diagram (zt curves) for the movement of the first contact piece 1 (dashed curve) and the second contact piece 2 (dotted curve) and for the relative movement of the two contact pieces (solid line) is shown.
  • vt curves The corresponding velocity-time curves (vt curves) are in Fig. 3 shown schematically.
  • the speed v1 of the first contact piece 1 (dashed curve) and the speed v2 of the second contact piece 2 (dotted curve) and the relative speed v12 of the two contact pieces (solid line) are shown.
  • the first arc contact piece 1 and the insulating nozzle 5, the auxiliary nozzle 13 and the valve 12 first move in the direction z1.
  • the second contact piece 2 moves in the direction z2.
  • the mass to be moved directly by the drive is large in relation to the mass to be moved by the gear 3. Up to shortly before reaching the maximum speed v1 can be waited therefore with the acceleration of the second contact piece 2.
  • the first contact piece 1 remains after reaching its maximum speed up to a deceleration process at the end of the switch-off at this speed.
  • the volume of the compression chamber is reduced, and the valve 12 can quenching gas flow into the heating chamber 10. Then, during a phase of high or maximum relative speed v12, the contact separation takes place with the ignition of an arc 4. It is possible that the contact separation takes place shortly (a few milliseconds) before or after reaching the maximum relative speeds.
  • the arc 4 leads to the heating of quenching gas and dissolves in Engnis 6 burn-off material from the insulating 5 out.
  • an overpressure in the heating chamber 11 is generated in this way.
  • the later from the boiler room 11 and possibly also from the compression chamber 10 through the boiler room 11 then through the channel 7 in between the two Contact pieces 1.2 arranged extinguishing path flowing extinguishing gas is then used to extinguish the arc. 4
  • quenching gas can flow through the channel 7 not only through the tulip-shaped first contact piece 1 (in the direction z1) but also (to a considerable extent) through the throat 6 and on the pin-shaped second one Pull contact piece 2 past (in the direction of z2).
  • a distance d between the second, advantageously pin-shaped contact piece 2 and the throat 6 can be kept substantially constant.
  • This distance d is chosen such that, in the case of an extinguishing gas flow through the throat 6 to the damper contact piece 2 (in the direction z 2), the maximum Flow rate laterally (ie radially) adjacent to the Verdämm contact piece 2, and in particular not on the route between the two arcing contact pieces 1 and 2 (or radially adjacent to this distance).
  • the distance d is chosen as d ⁇ (0.7 ⁇ 0.2) ⁇ D, where D is the diameter of the throat 6 (at its z2-sided end). If the opening angle ⁇ were smaller than 45 °, then the distance d would advantageously be selected approximately as d ⁇ (0.7 ⁇ 0.2) ⁇ D / tan ⁇ .
  • the Figs. 2 and 3 show the movements of the contact pieces 1,2 only until shortly after the use of damping.
  • P1 is designated a first phase, during which there is a maximum relative speed v12 with opposite movement of the two contact pieces 1,2. In the case shown this is v 12, max ⁇ 20 m / s.
  • P2 a second phase is designated, during which there is a speed ratio v1 / v2 of about 1: 1 in the same direction movement of the two contact pieces 1,2 after release of the throat.
  • a speed ratio v1 / v2 of about 1: 1 in the same direction movement of the two contact pieces 1,2 after release of the throat.
  • a lever 8 is rotatably mounted at a first end by means of a bolt 16 on the second contact piece 2.
  • the lever 8 is rotatably supported by a bolt 17 on a leg of an angle lever 9.
  • the second leg of the angle lever 9 is guided by means of a bolt 18 in a link plate 14.
  • the angle lever 9 is rotatably supported by means of a stationary, for example, attached to the housing of the high-power switch pin 19.
  • the movement of the link plate 14 (preferably rigidly) is coupled to the movement of the first contact piece 1.
  • the transmission 3 can convert a linear movement (of the drive) with a constant speed into a movement with reversal of the direction of movement.
  • a desired speed profile for the second contact piece 2 can be selected.
  • the transmission 3 can, as in Fig. 1 shown to be symmetrical, resulting in a more favorable distribution of forces and greater stability.
  • the speed v1 of the first contact piece 1 after the initial acceleration may typically be between 3 m / s and 10 m / s, for example 5 m / s.
  • the speed v2 of the second contact piece 1 can typically be 10 m / s to 20 m / s at the maximum, for example 15 m / s.
  • the maximum speed ratio v1 / v2 (with opposite motion) can be between 1: 2.4 and 1: 3.5, for example 1: 3.
  • the throat 6 and also the second contact piece 2 is formed substantially cylindrical.
  • the diameter of the respective cylinder does not have to be completely constant and can vary slightly. Deviations from a circular cross section to, for example, elliptical cross sections are possible.
  • throat lengths of more than 40 mm, advantageously more than 50 mm and more than 60 mm can be used.
  • a corresponding high-performance switch can be designed for rated cur- rent currents of more than 40 kA or more than 50 kA at nominal voltages of more than 170 kV or over 200 kV.

Claims (18)

  1. Chambre de commutation pour un commutateur de grande puissance rempli d'un gaz d'extinction, comprenant un premier élément de contact à arc électrique (1) et un deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) dont au moins un (1 ; 2) peut être déplacé au moyen d'un mécanisme d'entraînement, comprenant un arc électrique (4) qui s'amorce éventuellement entre les éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2), comprenant un espace chauffant (11) pour l'accumulation temporaire du gaz d'extinction chauffé par l'arc électrique (4) et comprenant une buse isolante (5) qui présente un rétrécissement (6) relié avec l'espace chauffant (11) pour guider un courant de gaz d'extinction,
    caractérisée en ce que
    pendant une opération de déconnexion, une vitesse relative maximale v12,max des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) l'un par rapport à l'autre est égale à au moins 1,3 fois une vitesse relative v12,c des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) nécessaire pour la commutation capacitive et que la chambre de commutation est configurée de telle sorte que lors de l'installation dans un commutateur de grande puissance à une chambre, la vitesse relative maximale v12,max des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) l'un par rapport à l'autre pendant une opération de déconnexion est définie comme suit : v 12 , max ≥ 23 x U N . p . f / E krit . p 0 ,
    Figure imgb0027
    UN désignant la tension nominale du commutateur de grande puissance, p le facteur polaire du commutateur de grande puissance, Ekrit l'intensité du champ opérationnel pour les décharges du gaz d'extinction et p0 la pression de remplissage du gaz d'extinction, et f désignant la fréquence du réseau à haute tension pour laquelle est conçue la chambre de commutation, de sorte qu'il soit possible de produire une pression de gaz d'extinction plus élevée.
  2. Chambre de commutation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que pendant une opération de déconnexion, la vitesse relative maximale v12,max des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) l'un par rapport à l'autre est au moins égale à 1,5 fois la vitesse relative v12,c des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) nécessaire pour la commutation capacitive.
  3. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la vitesse relative maximale v12,max des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique l'un par rapport à l'autre pendant une opération de déconnexion (1, 2) est définie comme suit : v 12 , max ≥ 13 m / s ,
    Figure imgb0028
    notamment v 12 , max ≥ 17 m / s .
    Figure imgb0029
  4. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) sont mobiles et que pendant une phase (P1) de mouvement en sens inverse des éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2), un rapport v1/v2 entre la vitesse v1 du premier élément de contact à arc électrique (1) et la vitesse v2 du deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) de v1/v2 ≤ 1:2,4, notamment de v1/v2 ≤ 1:2,8 est atteint.
  5. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'il existe un espace de compression (10) dont le volume est réduit pendant une opération de déconnexion.
  6. Chambre de commutation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que l'espace de compression (10) est différent de l'espace chauffant (11) et qu'il est prévu une valve (12) entre l'espace de compression (10) et l'espace chauffant (11).
  7. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) sont mobiles et qu'il est prévu un premier mécanisme d'entraînement pour entraîner le premier élément de contact à arc électrique (1) et un deuxième mécanisme d'entraînement (3) pour entraîner le deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2).
  8. Chambre de commutation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le deuxième mécanisme d'entraînement (3) est un engrenage (3) qui peut être entraîné par le premier mécanisme d'entraînement.
  9. Chambre de commutation selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que la buse isolante (5) peut être entraînée au moyen du premier mécanisme d'entraînement.
  10. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisée en ce que dans une phase (P2) pendant un mouvement dans le même sens des éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2), le rapport v1/v2 entre la vitesse v1 du premier élément de contact à arc électrique (1) et la vitesse v2 du deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) est déterminé comme suit : 0,4 ≥ v1/v2 ≥ 1,2, notamment 0,75 ≥ v1/v2 ≥ 1:1,15.
  11. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que pendant une opération de déconnexion, après la séparation des contacts et pendant qu'un écoulement de gaz d'extinction le long d'un axe (A) à travers le rétrécissement (6) dans la direction (z2) du deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) est possible, un écart d mesuré parallèlement à l'axe (A) entre le rétrécissement (6) et le deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) est choisi de telle sorte que la vitesse d'écoulement du courant de gaz d'extinction est maximale dans une zone qui se trouve, par rapport à l'axe (A), dans le sens radial à coté du deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) et/ou à l'intérieur du deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) .
  12. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le rétrécissement (6) est réalisé pour l'essentiel sous la forme d'un cylindre et que pendant une opération de déconnexion, après la séparation des contacts et pendant une phase d'extinction dans laquelle un écoulement de gaz d'extinction le long d'un axe (A) à travers le rétrécissement (6) dans la direction (z2) du deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) est possible, un écart d mesuré parallèlement à l'axe (A) entre le rétrécissement (6) et le deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) est choisi de telle sorte que d = D x 1 + bʹ . cosα ½ - 1 / 2. ⁢ sinα . cosα
    Figure imgb0030
    D désignant le diamètre du cylindre à proximité de l'extrémité du cylindre qui fait face au deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) pendant la phase d'extinction, α désignant un angle d'ouverture α d'une zone élargie (21) qui vient se rattacher au rétrécissement (6) et le paramètre b' étant défini comme suit : b' = b - F/F', avec F' désignant la superficie de la surface de section transversale, disposée dans le sens radial par rapport à l'axe (A), d'une ouverture éventuellement prévue dans le deuxième élément de contact (2) pour l'évacuation du gaz d'extinction, et le paramètre b étant défini comme suit : 1 , 4 ≤ b ≤ 4 , 5 ,
    Figure imgb0031
    notamment 1 , 7 ≤ b ≤ 4 , 0.
    Figure imgb0032
  13. Chambre de commutation selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce que ladite condition de choix de l'écart d est satisfaite pendant au moins 10 ms, notamment pendant au moins 35 ms.
  14. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2) est réalisé sous la forme d'une tige.
  15. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le rétrécissement (6) à travers l'un des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1 ; 2), lequel est désigné élément de contact de barrage (2) et est mobile, peut au moins partiellement être barré, et qu'il existe pendant une opération de déconnexion un intervalle de temps pendant lequel un sens de déplacement (z2) de l'élément de contact de barrage (2) reste inchangé et la vitesse relative maximale v12,max des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique l'un par rapport à l'autre est atteinte, et cet intervalle de temps durant au moins jusqu'à ce que le rétrécissement (6) ne soit plus au moins partiellement barré par l'élément de contact de barrage (2).
  16. Chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le rétrécissement (6) à travers l'un des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1 ; 2), lequel est désigné élément de contact de barrage (2) et est mobile, peut au moins partiellement être barré, et qu'il se produit pendant une opération de déconnexion une inversion du sens de déplacement de l'au moins un élément de contact à arc électrique (2) mobile lorsque le rétrécissement (6) n'est plus au moins partiellement barré par l'élément de contact de barrage (2).
  17. Commutateur de grande puissance, caractérisé en ce que le commutateur de grande puissance présente au moins une chambre de commutation selon l'une des revendications précédents.
  18. Procédé pour déconnecter une chambre de commutation pour un commutateur de grande puissance rempli d'un gaz d'extinction, comprenant un premier élément de contact à arc électrique (1) et un deuxième élément de contact à arc électrique (2), comprenant au moins un mécanisme d'entraînement et comprenant une buse isolante (5) qui présente un rétrécissement (6), au moins l'un des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) étant déplacé au moyen du mécanisme d'entraînement, une séparation des contacts ayant lieu et un arc électrique (4) qui s'amorce entre les éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) étant allumé, le gaz d'extinction étant chauffé par celui-ci, le gaz d'extinction chauffé étant accumulé temporairement et acheminé à travers le rétrécissement (6) pour souffler l'arc électrique (4),
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant une opération de déconnexion, une vitesse relative maximale v12,max des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) l'un par rapport à l'autre est atteinte, laquelle est égale à au moins 1,3 fois une vitesse relative v12,c des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) nécessaire pour la commutation capacitive et que lorsque la chambre de commutation est installée dans un commutateur de grande puissance à une chambre, la vitesse relative maximale v12,max des deux éléments de contact à arc électrique (1, 2) l'un par rapport à l'autre pendant une opération de déconnexion est définie comme suit : v12,max ≥ 23 x UN.p.f / (Ekrit . p0), UN désignant la tension nominale du commutateur de grande puissance, p le facteur polaire du commutateur de grande puissance, Ekrit l'intensité du champ opérationnel pour les décharges du gaz d'extinction et p0 la pression de remplissage du gaz d'extinction, et f désignant la fréquence du réseau à haute tension pour laquelle est conçue la chambre de commutation, de sorte qu'il soit possible de produire une pression de gaz d'extinction plus élevée.
EP04405527A 2004-08-23 2004-08-23 Chambre de commutation et disjoncteur-limiteur Active EP1630841B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT04405527T ATE484067T1 (de) 2004-08-23 2004-08-23 Schaltkammer und hochleistungsschalter
DE502004011745T DE502004011745D1 (de) 2004-08-23 2004-08-23 Schaltkammer und Hochleistungsschalter
EP04405527A EP1630841B1 (fr) 2004-08-23 2004-08-23 Chambre de commutation et disjoncteur-limiteur
CN2005800363076A CN101048837B (zh) 2004-08-23 2005-07-22 开关室和大功率开关
JP2007528550A JP4833980B2 (ja) 2004-08-23 2005-07-22 スイッチング・チャンバ及びヘビーデューティ・サーキット・ブレーカ
PCT/CH2005/000433 WO2006021109A1 (fr) 2004-08-23 2005-07-22 Chambre de commutation et disjoncteur a haut pouvoir de coupure
US11/709,819 US7566842B2 (en) 2004-08-23 2007-02-23 Switching chamber and heavy-duty circuit breaker

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04405527A EP1630841B1 (fr) 2004-08-23 2004-08-23 Chambre de commutation et disjoncteur-limiteur

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EP1630841B1 true EP1630841B1 (fr) 2010-10-06

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JP (1) JP4833980B2 (fr)
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AT (1) ATE484067T1 (fr)
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Cited By (1)

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EP2887367A1 (fr) 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 ABB Technology AB Disjoncteur haute tension isolé au gaz

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FR2949170B1 (fr) * 2009-08-14 2011-11-25 Areva T & D Sas Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension a energie de manoeuvre reduite
US9824838B2 (en) * 2011-02-05 2017-11-21 Alevo International, S.A. Commutating circuit breaker
US8890019B2 (en) 2011-02-05 2014-11-18 Roger Webster Faulkner Commutating circuit breaker
US9035211B2 (en) 2011-07-20 2015-05-19 Pennsylvania Breaker, Llc Gas blast interrupter
ES2613669T3 (es) * 2011-09-30 2017-05-25 Alevo International, S.A. Disyuntor de conmutación
DE112013002015T5 (de) * 2012-04-11 2015-04-23 Abb Technology Ag Leistungsschalter
US9054530B2 (en) 2013-04-25 2015-06-09 General Atomics Pulsed interrupter and method of operation
JP6418079B2 (ja) * 2015-06-24 2018-11-07 Smk株式会社 コンタクトの接触構造
CN109716476B (zh) * 2016-07-21 2020-06-26 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 具有改进的主喷嘴的气体绝缘高压切换装置

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FR2683383B1 (fr) * 1991-11-04 1993-12-31 Gec Alsthom Sa Disjoncteur a haute ou moyenne tension a triple mouvement.
DE19613569A1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-09 Asea Brown Boveri Leistungsschalter
JPH1083748A (ja) * 1996-09-10 1998-03-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 開閉器
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DE10003359C1 (de) 2000-01-21 2001-07-19 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit zwei antreibbaren Lichtbogenkontaktstücken und einem Heizraum
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FR2807870B1 (fr) * 2000-04-18 2002-05-24 Alstom Interrupteur a soufflage d'arc, possedant une chambre de coupure a compression de gaz reduite et un mouvement alternatif du piston
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EP2887367A1 (fr) 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 ABB Technology AB Disjoncteur haute tension isolé au gaz

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CN101048837B (zh) 2010-12-22
WO2006021109A8 (fr) 2006-04-20
DE502004011745D1 (de) 2010-11-18
CN101048837A (zh) 2007-10-03
ATE484067T1 (de) 2010-10-15
US7566842B2 (en) 2009-07-28
JP4833980B2 (ja) 2011-12-07
EP1630841A1 (fr) 2006-03-01
US20070205182A1 (en) 2007-09-06
JP2008511107A (ja) 2008-04-10

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