WO2006021108A1 - Disjoncteur a haut pouvoir de coupure - Google Patents

Disjoncteur a haut pouvoir de coupure

Info

Publication number
WO2006021108A1
WO2006021108A1 PCT/CH2005/000432 CH2005000432W WO2006021108A1 WO 2006021108 A1 WO2006021108 A1 WO 2006021108A1 CH 2005000432 W CH2005000432 W CH 2005000432W WO 2006021108 A1 WO2006021108 A1 WO 2006021108A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact piece
area
extinguishing gas
arc
flow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2005/000432
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Olaf Hunger
Max Claessens
Martin Holstein
Johan Abrahamsson
Martin Kriegel
Original Assignee
Abb Technology Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Technology Ag filed Critical Abb Technology Ag
Priority to CN2005800286135A priority Critical patent/CN101006539B/zh
Priority to DE112005001520T priority patent/DE112005001520A5/de
Publication of WO2006021108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006021108A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H01H33/703—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle having special gas flow directing elements, e.g. grooves, extensions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of high voltage switch technology. It relates to a high power switch and a method for turning off a high power switch according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • Such high power switches have been known for decades from the prior art. They have two arcing contact pieces and are filled with a quenching gas. After contact separation, an arc may burn between the contacts. It is a boiler room for temporary storage of heated by the arc extinguishing gas provided. An insulating nozzle has a throat to guide a quenching gas flow, which is connected to the boiler room. By means of the quenching gas flow, the arc is to be extinguished.
  • Such switches may be advantageously designed as a buffer switch (blow piston switch) or as a self-blowing switch or as a buffer switch exhaustedblasschalter hybrid.
  • a threatened by the recurrent voltage flashback, especially at a terminal short circuit (Tl OOa) to be reliably prevented and yet a safe extinguishing of the arc can be ensured.
  • the high-performance switch according to the invention can be filled with an extinguishing gas (for example SFe, N2, air or a mixture of these) and has a first arcing contact piece and a second arcing contact piece. After a contact separation burns between the two arcing contact pieces, if necessary, an arc.
  • an extinguishing gas for example SFe, N2, air or a mixture of these
  • the high-performance switch has a boiler room.
  • An insulating nozzle has a throat for guiding a quenching gas flow along an axis, which is connected to the heating chamber.
  • the Engnung is followed by an extended area.
  • the high-performance circuit breaker according to the invention has the property that a distance d measured parallel to the axis between the throat and the second arcing contact piece lies within a distance interval at least during a time window critical for possible retro-ignition, at least in special switching cases.
  • TRV transient recovery voltage
  • a high-performance circuit-breaker must be designed to safely switch various types of switching, such as short-line fault (L 90) and terminal short-circuit (Tl OOa).
  • IEC 62271-100 specifies specifications For the short-distance short circuit, a high quenching gas pressure is generally required for thermal quenching, which usually results in sufficient extinguishing gas pressure in the event of a short circuit in the terminal (Tl 00a)
  • Supersonic flows generally cause shock waves (shock waves) and corresponding wave patterns that occur in the extended area.
  • there are areas in the extended area which have a relatively low density of quenching gas (and correspondingly a low extinguishing gas pressure). In this case, pressures (and corresponding densities) occur, which can be significantly lower than the quenching gas filling pressure (background pressure), which prevails in the normal state in the switch.
  • the second contact piece it is possible to place the second contact piece in such a way that the area or areas of lowest extinguishing gas density do not occur along the switching path, but laterally of the second contact piece.
  • the contact piece must be placed relatively close to the throat, for example, approximately where the first (and thus most pronounced) density minimum is when the second contact piece is (infinitely) far from the throat (or simply there is no second contact piece).
  • the flow conditions in the extended region are changed such that the minimum extinguishing gas density occurring in or next to the second contact piece is less than the minimum extinguishing gas density occurring in the throat or between the throat and the second contact piece.
  • a relatively high quenching gas density along the switching path and thus a relatively high dielectric strength is achieved. A flashback can thus be effectively prevented.
  • the distance d should not be too low, however, because then an excessive obstruction of the quenching gas flow occurs, so that the quenching gas pressure in the boiler room can not degrade fast enough and can not be done sufficient arc blowing.
  • the distance d must therefore be at least so great that in the extended region the minimum cross-sectional area to be flowed through by the quenching gas flow is at least one as large area as the cross-sectional area of the throat (near the extended area), better at least 1.5 times, at least 2 times or at least 2.5 times or even at least 3 times this area.
  • the distance d is chosen to be very large, whereby generally a large spacing of the two arcing contact pieces is achieved, which also leads to a lower breakdown probability, since the occurring electric field strengths are smaller. But such large distances d contradict the idea of the invention, since then exisiteren areas before the contact piece very low extinguishing gas density.
  • the densities and pressures of the quenching gas are directly linked to each other via the (local) temperature of the extinguishing gas, and they are caused by the local flow velocities of the extinguishing gas, wherein a high flow velocity is associated with a low density and a low pressure.
  • the invention can also be defined by the local pressures or by the local quenching gas flow rates.
  • An advantage of the definition of the local pressures is that pressures are relatively easy to measure in contrast to densities and flow velocities. In simulation calculations, all three variables (density, pressure, speed of flow) are generally easily determinable.
  • the condition for the distance d must be maintained at least during a time window which is critical for a possible reignition.
  • the time window is certainly during a switch-off after a contact separation, otherwise no arc to be deleted occurs.
  • the invention only comes into play when a quenching gas flow through the throat in the direction of the second Arc contact piece is possible.
  • the Engn at least partially dammed, so begins a designated as quenching period, in which an extinguishing gas flow through the throat in the direction the second arcing contact piece is possible, at the earliest when the throat is no longer dammed by the second contact piece.
  • the extinguishing gas then flows out of the boiler room, through the throat and into the extended area in the direction of the second contact piece.
  • the invention only comes into effect properly if the extinguishing gas flow can flow at least locally at sonic or supersonic speeds, in particular somewhere in the extended range. Since it is in principle possible to switch depending on the switching and according to the sequence of movements that perform the contact pieces and the nozzle during a Ausschlevorganges vouverieden to choose different for different switching cases, the inventive choice of the distance d can be limited to such cases in which the extinguishing gas flow at least can flow locally at sonic or supersonic speeds.
  • the time window within which the distance d is to be selected in the inventive manner is limited to the rear, that the distance d then no longer needs to be within the distance interval when the quenching gas flow can no longer flow at least locally at sonic or supersonic speed ,
  • the quenching gas pressure PH in the heating chamber relative to the filling pressure po (static pressure, pressure in a discharge volume) has dropped so far that no sound or supersonic flow can take place in the extended area, and the distance d no longer necessarily in the distance interval to lie.
  • the second contact piece can still remain within the distance interval until the switch-off process is completed.
  • the Laval pressure ratio depending on the extinguishing gas used, the pressure ratio PO / PH, below which a supersonic flow is possible.
  • the Laval pressure ratio is about 0.59; for N2 about 0.53; for air also about 0.53.
  • the Laval pressure ratio is
  • the distance interval in which d is intended to be in accordance with the invention can be specified in accordance with the above statements by, on the one hand, having at least as large an area as the cross-sectional area of the throat, corresponding to a lower interval interval boundary, of the extinguishing gas flow in the extended region for the passage of available cross-sectional area (near the extended area), and on the other hand, corresponding to an upper interval interval interval, the minimum of the extinguishing gas density occurring in the throat or between the throat and the second contact piece is greater than the minimum extinguishing gas density occurring in or adjacent to the second contact piece.
  • the minimum lies in the second contact piece can only occur if the second contact piece is a hollow contact, for example a contact tulip.
  • the distance d between the nozzle and the second contact piece is, in one aspect of the invention, at least after extinguishing the arc for the purpose of dielectric solidification of the switching path and the For the purpose of enabling a rapid escape of extinguishing gas through the extended range selected appropriately.
  • the high-performance circuit breaker according to the invention may have the property that during a turn-off operation after the contact separation during a quenching phase in which an extinguishing gas flow through the throat in the direction of the second arcing contact piece (in particular at least the speed of sound) is possible, one parallel to the axis measured distance d between the throat and the second arcing contact piece is selected such that the flow velocity of the extinguishing gas flow is maximum in a region which is arranged adjacent to the second arcing contact piece and / or within the second arcing contact piece.
  • the area can be contiguous or consist of several subareas.
  • the quenching phase which occurs after the contact separation, and during which an extinguishing gas flow through the throat can take place in the direction of the second arcing contact piece (and also takes place in the case of a switch).
  • the distance d satisfies the stated condition, at least insofar as an extinguishing gas flow with at least the speed of sound is possible.
  • This condition is that the region in which the flow velocity of said quenching gas flow directed through the throat toward the second contact piece is greatest is located within the second contact piece and / or laterally adjacent to the second contact piece.
  • That an extinguishing gas flow through the throat in the direction of the second arcing contact piece is possible is defined by the fact that the Engnis not (at least partially dammed by (for example, one of the two contact pieces). In particular, no part of one of the arcing contact pieces is then arranged inside the throat.
  • the presence of an extinguishing gas flow in the throat can be defined by the fact that the flow velocity of the respective extinguishing gas flow within the throat is so great that this flow velocity no longer increases with an increase in the distance d.
  • the latter is approximately the case when such, within an adjoining the Enrich, extended area, flowed through the extinguishing gas surface, which has a minimum surface area, at least one equal to (or a 1 .5 times or a 2 times as large)
  • the surface area like the cross-sectional area of the throat, which is perpendicular to the axis, is close to the end of the throat facing the second arcing contact during the extinguishing phase. This area comparison allows a further possible definition of the existence of an extinguishing gas flow passing through the throat.
  • the distance d is a spacing.
  • the distance d is of course measured between the facing ends of Engnis and second contact piece.
  • the Engnis can also be called a nozzle channel.
  • the throat is elongated, which means that it is longer than it is wide.
  • it is even at least 1 .5 times, at least 2 times or at least 2.5 times as long as it is wide.
  • a long nozzle draft has a large (inner) surface.
  • one of the two arcing contact pieces is a Verdämm contact piece
  • a particularly strong pressure build-up in the boiler room are generated because at the same speeds of movement of the contact pieces and nozzle of the nozzle channel is dammed for a long time.
  • the contact separation means a separation of a physical contact between the two arcing contact pieces.
  • the physical contact can be realized, for example, by contacting the contact pieces directly with one another or else by means of an intermediate contact piece (bridge contact piece) contacting the two arcing contact pieces.
  • the minimum arc time (shortest time during which an arc burns) is between about 5 ms or 7 ms and about 15 ms.
  • the maximum arc time (the longest time that an arc burns before it is extinguished) is typically between 1 5 ms or 1 7 ms and 30 ms.
  • the arc time window which indicates the difference between maximum and minimum arc time, is typically between 10 ms and 15 ms.
  • the above-mentioned condition for the distance d during at least a period of 10 ms, at least 1 5 ms or at least 20 ms is met to ensure good flow conditions during the largest and most important part of the pressure drop in the boiler room after the arc extinction.
  • the condition for d is additionally fulfilled for the duration of the arc time window, so that the condition is advantageously fulfilled for a period of at least 20 ms, at least 25 ms, at least 30 ms or at least 35 ms.
  • Particularly advantageous may already be the blowing of arcs short arc time at least partially, while the said condition for d is satisfied.
  • the condition is met during a period of at least 25 ms, at least 30 ms, at least 35 ms, at least 40 ms, at least 45 ms or at least 50 ms.
  • the condition can be met over an even longer period of time, such as 60 ms, 80 ms or 100 ms or longer, which is particularly well feasible if the insulating and the second arcing contact soon after release of the throat (so soon after enabling the quenching gas flow through the throat through) are moved in the same direction at substantially the same speed.
  • the second contact piece has no opening for the outflow of quenching gas in the opened switch state, for example, listed as a solid pin, the range of maximum flow velocity or minimum quenching gas density according to the invention is laterally adjacent to the second contact piece.
  • the second contact piece has an opening for the discharge of extinguishing gas in the opened switch state, for example as a hollow pin, in particular as a contact tulip, the area of maximum flow velocity with respect to the axis is arranged laterally next to the second contact piece and / or within the opening.
  • the range of maximum extinguishing gas flow velocity or minimum extinguishing gas density is in particular not arranged within the switching path, that is not in the region between the two contact pieces.
  • the range of maximum quench gas flow velocity is not located within the throat and also not between the throat and the second contact piece.
  • the distance d is only from the extinction of the Lichbtogens within the distance interval.
  • the dielectric strength is needed especially when the arc is extinguished and to prevent flashback.
  • the extended region is formed substantially funnel-shaped.
  • it is advantageously free of side channels.
  • Such side channels serve to relieve pressure on the nozzle, in particular in the region of the throat.
  • no blowing of the arc with gas heated by the arc should take place at all, and likewise no intermediate storage of gas heated by the arc. The blowing takes place by means of cool gases (compressed air).
  • the Engnis in the mentioned script is very short and forms no elongated channel.
  • an axial and a radial coordinate defined by the axis, and the Engnis is elongated.
  • the along the axial coordinate measured extent of the neck at least 1.5 times or advantageously even at least 2 times as large as the dimension measured along the radial coordinate of the throat
  • the distance d is at least as long in the distance interval as in the quenching gas flow supersonic shock waves may occur.
  • the throat and extended region near the transition from the throat to the enlarged region have a geometry other than the geometry of a Laval nozzle.
  • a supersonic flow can exist in a Laval nozzle without shock waves. But it is just shock waves that lead to the problem solved by the present invention.
  • US 3,842,226 discloses a switch having a bulbous nozzle with two necks. One of the necks is designed as a Laval nozzle and ensures that there is a strong pressure drop in the abdomen. This contradicts the idea of the present invention, since according to the invention a high quenching gas density and, correspondingly, a high dielectric strength should be produced.
  • the distance d after a switch-off in an end position within the distance interval can be achieved, for example, by moving the second contact piece and the nozzle in the same direction at substantially the same speed at the latest from the extinction of the arc.
  • the distance d is kept substantially constant within the distance interval. This makes it possible to have the optimized flow conditions for a long period of time, and the influence of the damping and / or return behavior on the distance d is minimized.
  • the method according to the invention for switching off a high-power switch filled with a quenching gas with a first arcing contact piece and with a second arcing contact piece and with an insulating nozzle having a throat comprises the following steps in one aspect of the invention:
  • the two arcing contact pieces are separated from each other, whereby an arc is ignited between the two arcing contact pieces, which is heated by quenching gas, which is temporarily stored in a heating chamber;
  • the Engnis near the extended area has a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of a surface area F;
  • the distance interval is dependent on the surface area F, the geometric configuration of the second contact piece and the geometric configuration of the extended area, and
  • the extinguishing gas flow in the extended area for the passage available cross-sectional area at least the surface area F, in particular at least the surface area 1.5 x F, and
  • the minimum of extinguishing gas density occurring in the throat or between the throat and the second contact piece is greater than the minimum extinguishing gas density occurring in or adjacent to the second contact piece.
  • the method according to the invention can also be referred to as a method for switching an electric current by means of a high-power switch.
  • F is the surface area already mentioned above of the cross-sectional area of the throat which is perpendicular to the axis (ie radially arranged with respect to the axis) near the end of the throat which faces the second arcing contact piece during the extinguishing phase.
  • the cross-sectional area is the cylinder top surface.
  • F ' is the surface area of the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis (that is, radially arranged with respect to the axis) of an opening optionally provided in the second contact piece for the discharge of quenching gas.
  • the angle ⁇ is the opening angle ⁇ x of the extended area adjacent to the throat.
  • the surface F through which the quenching gas flow flows at the end facing the second contact piece is the same size as the minimum surface through which the quenching gas flow flows in the expanded region. In this case, this minimum surface is approximated by a truncated cone lateral surface, to which optionally the surface F 'is added.
  • the parameter b indicates the geometric (theoretical) ratio of the truncated cone lateral surface (optionally plus the surface F ' ) to the surface F.
  • the quenching gas flow through the throat is so low that no good and generally no sufficient arc blowing is achieved (poor thermal switching properties).
  • the area actually utilized by the quenching gas flow is less than the said truncated cone surface area (optionally plus the Abströmö Stamms character) due to the directional deflection of the quenching gas flow, for values of b is between one and about 1.4 in practice still no satisfactory extinguishing gas flow and arc blowing achieved. Only from b ⁇ 1 .4 and for larger b can this be practically achieved.
  • the range of maximum flow velocity is arranged next to the second contact piece and / or within the second contact piece. In practice, b may assume values of at least 2 or at least 2.5.
  • the parameter b is chosen to be greater than about 4.5 or 5
  • a relatively low extinguishing gas pressure and a relatively low extinguishing gas density will be generated near the axis between the throat and the second contact piece.
  • the range of maximum flow velocity is located there and not adjacent to the second contact piece and / or within the second contact piece, and the dielectric strength of the contact gap is affected accordingly.
  • cross-sectional area-dependent choice of the distance d is the above-mentioned for the common switch geometries Flow rate condition met. If the distance d within a narrower of the specified ranges for d and the parameter b, respectively, can be kept within a narrower of the specified ranges for b, maintaining the advantageous extinguishing gas flow can be better ensured.
  • the cross-sectional area (or diameter) of the second contact piece was also assumed to be approximately the same size as the corresponding dimension of the throat.
  • the second contact piece is no Verdämm- contact piece, other dimensions may be present, so that, if appropriate, amended formulas would apply.
  • the high-power switch may advantageously have a throat, which is designed substantially as a cylinder.
  • D is the diameter of the cylinder near the end of the cylinder facing the second arcing contact during the extinguishing phase.
  • F ' is the surface area of the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis (that is, radially arranged with respect to the axis) of an opening optionally provided in the second contact piece for the discharge of quenching gas.
  • the angle ⁇ is the opening angle ot of an adjoining the Engnis, extended area.
  • the distance d in the case of F ' ⁇ 0 can also be selected according to the following inequality:
  • the inventive density, pressure or flow rate condition is generally fulfilled for the common switch geometries. If the distance d is within a narrower of the specified ranges for d and the parameter b can be kept within a narrower of the specified ranges for b, a maintenance of the advantageous extinguishing gas flow can be better ensured.
  • the Engnis is at least partially dammed by one of the two arcing contact pieces.
  • This arcing contact is referred to as Verdämm- contact piece.
  • the throat is no longer at least partially blocked by the damper contact piece in this case.
  • the first and / or the second arcing contact piece may act as a damper contact piece.
  • the distance of the second contact piece to the throat can be constant. In this case, the first contact piece is moved relative thereto.
  • At least one of the two arcing contact pieces is drivable by means of a drive and movable along the axis.
  • both arcing contact pieces are movable, and a first drive for driving the first arcing contact piece and a second drive for driving the second arcing contact piece is provided.
  • a first drive for driving the first arcing contact piece and a second drive for driving the second arcing contact piece is provided.
  • this case can be realized as a drivable by the first drive gear with great advantage of the second drive.
  • the drive or the drives are designed such that a reversal of the direction of movement of at least one of the arcing contact pieces of an opposite to a rectified movement of this Arc contact piece and the insulating takes place.
  • this reversal of direction of movement takes place during the extinguishing gas flow through the throat, in particular if the throat is not at least partially blocked by one of the contact pieces.
  • a movable intermediate piece between the two arcing contact pieces is movably arranged, so that the two arcing contact pieces may be stationary.
  • the Engnis means of a channel, in particular by means of an annular channel, connected to the boiler room.
  • the second contact piece is formed pin-shaped. It can be designed as a solid pin or as a hollow pin. In particular, it can also be designed as a contact tulip.
  • the second contact piece may have an opening for the discharge of quenching gas in the open switch state.
  • the first and the second arcing contact piece can be realized as a contact piece pair of a contact tulip and a contact pin.
  • the insulating nozzle and the second contact piece are moved in the same direction.
  • the ratio vi / v2 of the speed vi of the Isolierdüse to the speed v2 of the second arcing contact 0.4 ⁇ vi / v2 ⁇ 1 .2, in particular 0.75 ⁇ vi / v2 ⁇ 1 .1 5.
  • Particularly advantageous applies during the quenching phase 0.9 ⁇ vi / v2 ⁇ 1.08 or vi / v2 ⁇ 1.
  • the insulating nozzle and the second arcing contact are during the Erase phase advantageously at substantially the same non-zero speed moves in the same direction.
  • the high-power switch can be designed in the manner of a self-blowing switch.
  • the volume of the boiler room is constant.
  • the high-power switch can be designed in the manner of a buffer switch.
  • the boiler room is also a compression space whose volume is reduced during a turn-off operation, in order to achieve a better arc blowing by the additional pressure.
  • the high-power switch may also have a heating chamber, preferably of constant volume, and additionally a compression space, wherein the volume of at least the compression space is reduced during a turn-off operation.
  • a valve between the compression chamber and the boiler room is then provided.
  • the two arcing contact pieces are arranged coaxially with each other.
  • the arcing contact pieces can also be nominal current contact pieces at the same time.
  • separate rated current contacts are provided in addition to the arcing contact pieces. Typically, in a turn-off operation, first the rated current contacts are separated from each other so that the electrical current to be interrupted commutes to the arcing contact pieces. Thereafter, the arc contact pieces are separated with ignition of the arc.
  • one of the two arcing contact pieces in particular the first arcing contact piece, have an opening for receiving the other, advantageously pin-shaped arcing contact piece in the closed switch state and for discharging extinguishing gas in the opened switch state.
  • this arc contact piece may be formed as a contact tulip with a plurality of contact fingers.
  • the second arcing contact piece is formed like a pin and is movable while the first contact piece has an opening for receiving the second contact piece, and is movable or not movable.
  • the insulating nozzle is then advantageously rigidly connected to the first contact piece.
  • High-performance switches in the sense of this application are, in particular, those switches which are designed for nominal voltages of at least approximately 72 kV.
  • the high power switch may include one or more switching chambers.
  • FIG. 1 shows a detail of an inventive high-power switch in the open state, cut
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of a high-power switch according to the invention with two movable arcing contact pieces in the open and closed states, cut, and with the transmission in a top view;
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically in section a part of an inventive high-performance switch, which can be filled with an extinguishing gas such as SF ⁇ or a mixture of N2 and SFe.
  • the switch has a first arcing contact 1, which is designed as a contact tulip.
  • the first arcing contact piece 1 is surrounded by an auxiliary nozzle 13 which, together with an insulating nozzle 5, forms a channel 7 designed as an annular channel 7.
  • the insulating nozzle forms a substantially cylindrically formed Engnis 6 for guiding a quenching gas flow.
  • At the throat 6 is an enlarged diameter portion 21 with an opening angle oc «45 °.
  • the channel 7 connects the Engnis 6 with a boiler room 1 1 for caching of quenching gas.
  • a second, pin-shaped arcing contact piece 2 is arranged on the side facing away from the first contact piece 1 of the throat 6, .
  • the switch has exactly two arcing contact pieces.
  • the diameter of the throat cylinder is denoted by D.
  • the distance that the second contact piece 2 has to the throat 6 is denoted by d.
  • the end of the second contact piece 2 facing the throat 6 is arranged in the area 21 adjoining the throat 6 and enlarged in diameter with respect to the throat 6. The diameter of this region 21 initially increases significantly and then remains about constant for the time being, and then slightly increased again.
  • the throat 6 facing the end of the second contact piece 2 in a section more or less increasing Diameter or even approximately constant diameter of the portion 21 of the insulating 5 may be arranged when the condition is satisfied that the quenching gas density or the quenching gas pressure is minimal in a region 20 which is disposed adjacent to the second arcing contact piece 2 (or the flow rate of the quenching gas flow in a region 20 is located at the side adjacent to the second arcing contact piece 2).
  • Such regions 20 are generally adjacent to the second contact piece, unlike in FIG. 1 (see FIGS. 4 to 8 below).
  • the second contact piece 2 is also formed substantially cylindrical.
  • the diameter of the respective cylinder does not have to be completely constant and can vary slightly. Deviations from a circular cross section to, for example, elliptical cross sections are possible.
  • the throat 6 (or also the second contact piece 2) may have another, advantageously essentially prismatic, shape and is nevertheless referred to as "essentially cylindrical.” A corresponding radial dimension of the throat is then taken for the diameter D.
  • FIG good diameter accuracy of such a circle having the same area as the throat 6 near the second contact piece 2.
  • the diameter of the cylinder or the radial dimension of the prism need not be exactly constant, which is relevant for the determination of d the radial dimension at the end of the cylinder or prism facing the second contact piece 2.
  • Such throat shapes are also included in the term "substantially cylindrical".
  • the high-power switch is formed substantially rotationally symmetrical with an axis of symmetry A. As a result, parallel to the axis A extending axial directions zi and z2, along which the arcing contact pieces move, as well as defined perpendicular to radial directions.
  • Quenching gas flows are represented by dotted lines with flow direction indicating arrows.
  • sl denotes a partial flow from the boiler room in the switching path
  • sl divides into s2 and s3.
  • s2 runs in the direction of the first contact piece 1 and thus in the direction zl.
  • s3 runs inside the throat 6 in the direction of the second contact piece 2 and thus in the direction z2. Since the region 21 has a relative to the throat 6 larger diameter and the pin-shaped contact piece 2 is arranged along the axis A, the flow has s4 a significant radial "outwardly directed component.
  • the partial flow is the side of the second contact piece 2 are denoted by S5.
  • Fig. 1 Due The choice of the distance d illustrated in Fig. 1 is in the range of the partial flow s5 of the region of minimum extinguishing gas density, minimum extinguishing gas pressure or maximum flow velocity denoted 20.
  • the extinguishing gas densities are not smaller (and advantageously greater) and the flow velocities are not greater (and advantageously lower) than (radially) laterally from the second contact piece 2 (in the range of s5) the flow rate is lower than that in the Bere me 20.
  • the second contact piece 2 is designed as a hollow pin or a contact tulip, there is still another partial flow which runs along the second contact piece 2 along z2.
  • the high-performance switch is shown in the open state: there is no physical contact between the two contact pieces 1, 2. More specifically, the high power switch is shown during a period of time called the erase phase.
  • the extinguishing phase is defined as being after the contact separation, and an extinguishing gas flow s3 taking place through the throat in the direction of the second arcing contact piece 2. While the throat 6 is at least partially insulated with the second contact piece 2, which can be designated as a damming contact piece, no (notable) extinguishing gas flow through the throat 6 can take place.
  • the region 20 with the minimum extinguishing gas density, minimum extinguishing gas pressure or maximum flow velocity in the direction z2 is arranged laterally next to the second contact piece 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically in section a detail of an inventive high-performance switch with two movable arcing contact pieces 1, 2 in the open (lower half) and in the closed state (upper half).
  • a gear 3 is shown schematically in plan.
  • the first arcing contact piece 1 can be driven by means of a non-illustrated drive.
  • a suitable drive can be, for example, an electrodynamic drive or a spring-loaded drive.
  • the second arcing contact piece 2 is driven by a second drive 3, which is realized by the drive 3 driven by the drive.
  • the two arcing contact pieces 1, 2 touch each other. It may additionally be provided not shown nominal current contact pieces.
  • the first contact piece 1 is rigidly connected to an insulating nozzle 5 and an auxiliary nozzle 13.
  • the insulating nozzle 5 has a throat 6, which is formed substantially cylindrical with a diameter D.
  • a valve 12 Connected to the heating chamber through a valve 12 is a compression chamber 10.
  • the volume of the heating chamber is by means of a piston 1 5, which is advantageously formed stationary, changeable.
  • the first arcing contact piece 1 and the insulating nozzle 5, the auxiliary nozzle 1 3 and the valve 12 move in the direction z 1.
  • the second contact piece 2 moves in the direction z2.
  • the mass to be moved directly by the drive is large in relation to the mass to be moved by the gear 3. Until just before reaching the maximum speed vi can therefore be waited with the acceleration of the second contact piece 2.
  • the first contact piece 1 remains after reaching its maximum speed to a deceleration process at the end of the turn-off substantially at this speed.
  • the contact separation takes place under ignition an arc 4 instead. It is possible that the contact separation takes place shortly (a few milliseconds) before or after reaching the maximum relative speeds.
  • the arc 4 leads to the heating of initially to room temperature (300 K) located extinguishing gas and dissolves in Engnis 6 burn-off material from the insulating 5 out.
  • room temperature 300 K
  • Immediately at the arc quenching gas temperatures up to the order of about 30,000 K are reached.
  • an overpressure in the heating chamber 1 1 is generated in this way, which is typically between 10 bar and 60 bar.
  • the quenching gas temperature in the boiler room 1 1 has initially typically the order of 2000 K (in Tl OOa FaIIe). From a predeterminable by the valve 12 pressure difference between the boiler room 1 1 and the compression chamber 10, for example, when in the boiler room 1 1 1 a greater pressure prevails than in the compression chamber 10, the valve closes 12.
  • the later from the boiler room 1 1 and optionally also from the Compression chamber 10 through the boiler room 1 1 then through the channel 7 in the arranged between the two contact pieces 1, 2 switching path extinguishing gas has a temperature of typically still 1000 K to 2000 K and then serves to extinguish the arc. 4
  • FIG. 1 can be understood as a representation of the flow conditions in a high-power switch according to FIG. 2 at this time.
  • the distance d between the second, pin-like contact piece 2 and the throat 6 can be kept substantially constant.
  • This distance d is selected such that, in the case of an extinguishing gas flow through the throat 6 to the damper contact piece 2 (in the direction z2), the maximum flow velocity lies laterally next to the damper contact piece 2, or at least not on the distance between the two arcing contact pieces 1 and 2 (or next to this route).
  • the distance d is chosen as d "(0.7 + 0.2) xD, where D is the diameter of the throat 6 (at its z2-sided end).
  • a speed ratio vi / v2 of 1: 1 is predetermined by the transmission 3, the distance d and thus also the corresponding flow conditions can be maintained even when the switch is in the damping, that is, the contact pieces 1, 2 braked by a damping mechanism become.
  • the distance d can not be changed when selecting a speed ratio vl / v2 of 1: 1.
  • optimum flow conditions can be maintained until the end of the switch-off movement, thereby ensuring safe arc extinguishment without backflushing. Due to the speed ratio vi / v2 of 1: 1, the distance between the two contact pieces 1 and 2 is constant, so that the electric field distribution is kept constant.
  • the load of the damping device can be reduced since a lower kinetic energy has to be absorbed.
  • the auxiliary nozzle 13 as an insulating nozzle with a throat (if the auxiliary nozzle 13 is designed accordingly), in which case the distance between the first contact piece 1 and this auxiliary nozzle throat can be selected such that the extinguishing gas density is in the direction z1 running in a region is minimal or the flow velocity of zl extending in the direction of extinguishing gas flow is in a range which is arranged with respect to the axis A adjacent to the first arcing contact piece 1 or within the first arcing contact piece 1.
  • a lever 8 is rotatably mounted at a first end by means of a bolt 16 on the second contact piece 2.
  • the lever 8 is rotatably supported by a bolt 17 on a leg of an angle lever 9.
  • the second leg of the angle lever 9 is guided by means of a bolt 18 in a link plate 14.
  • the angle lever 9 is rotatably supported by means of a stationary, for example, attached to the housing of the high-power switch pin 19.
  • the movement of the link plate 14 (preferably rigidly) is coupled to the movement of the first contact piece 1.
  • the transmission 3 can convert a linear movement (of the drive) with a constant speed into a movement with reversal of the direction of movement.
  • a desired velocity profile for the second contact piece 2 can be selected.
  • the transmission 3 can, as shown in Fig. 1, be constructed symmetrically, resulting in a more favorable distribution of forces and greater stability.
  • the velocity vi of the insulating nozzle 5 and the first contact piece 1 after initial acceleration may typically be between 3 m / s and 10 m / s, for example 5 m / s.
  • the speed v2 of the second contact piece 1 can typically be 12 m / s to 20 m / s at the maximum, for example 1 5 m / s.
  • the maximum speed ratio vi / v2 (with opposite motion) can be between 1: 2.4 and 1: 3.5, for example 1: 3.
  • a corresponding high-performance switch can be designed for rated cur- rent currents of more than 40 kA or more than 50 kA at rated voltages of more than 1 70 kV or more than 200 kV.
  • the maximum relative speed Vi2, max of the contact pieces 1, 2 can be selected in such a switch advantageously by at least 40%, in particular at least 60% and even at least 80% greater than would be necessary for capacitive switching.
  • the switching chamber is designed in such a way that, when it is installed in a single-chamber high-power switch, for the maximum relative speed Vi2, max of the two arcing contact pieces (1, 2) to each other during a turn-off operation: Vi2, max> k ' x UN - p * f / (Ekrir po), where UN is the rated voltage of the high-performance switch in kV, p is the pole factor of the high-performance switch (dimensionless), Ekrit is the field-of-application strength for discharges of the extinguishing gas in kV / (bar m), and po is the filling pressure of the extinguishing gas in bar ( typically 4 bar or 6 bar, generally always between 1 bar and 10 bar), and f the high voltage power frequency in Hz is, for which the high
  • the factor k ' is 23, advantageously 27 or preferably 31.
  • a further factor has to be added, which takes into account the control of the high-power switch.
  • FIGS. 4 to 8 show graphs of simulation calculations for quenching gas flows at different distances d.
  • the simulation calculations are subject to the theory of fully compressible gas flow. They are isobars, ie lines of equal pressure. Only a section through the upper half of the rotationally symmetric problem (rotation axis A) is shown.
  • Common parameters for all simulations are:
  • the parameter in which the simulations of Figs. 4 to 8, the distance d is.
  • the second contact piece 2 is shown in Figs. 4-8 arranged lower left; It is fully pen-like trained with rounded end.
  • the Engnis 6 is arranged in the lower right.
  • the symbolized by an open arrow extinguishing gas flow s3 flows through the elongated Engnis 6.
  • the calculated nozzle geometry in the extended region 21 is not quite realistic, since it has an opening angle of 90 °. Typically, the opening angle oc would be between 30 ° and 60 °.
  • D is the throat diameter, which was chosen as 20 mm. The distance d between the second contact piece and the end of the passage 6 facing the second contact piece during the quenching phase.
  • the pi, pl, Ml designates the minimum extinguishing gas density, the minimum extinguishing gas pressure or the maximum flow velocity between the second contact piece and the throat or in the throat.
  • p2, p2, M2 the minimum extinguishing gas density, the minimum extinguishing gas pressure and the maximum flow velocity adjacent to the second contact piece are designated.
  • Figs. 4-8 dotted line drawn to indicate the distance d.
  • the maximum Strömungs ⁇ speed M2 next to the contact piece is thus significantly greater than the maximum flow rate Ml before the contact piece.
  • the temperature in the range 20, ie at p2 and M2 is greater than the temperature in the region with pl, Ml; and the local sound velocities given in the unit Mach are temperature dependent.
  • the maximum flow velocity M2 next to the contact piece is thus still somewhat greater than the maximum flow velocity Ml before the contact piece.
  • the maximum flow velocity M2 next to the contact piece is thus smaller than the maximum flow velocity Ml before the contact piece.
  • d 1.5 ⁇ D
  • the cross-sectional area available for the extinguishing gas flow in the extended area is significantly greater than the cross-sectional area present in the throat, so that intensive extinguishing-arc blowing is ensured. But the distance d is too large to achieve the good dielectric strength according to the invention.
  • the maximum flow velocity M2 next to the contact piece is thus smaller than the maximum flow velocity Ml before the contact piece.
  • the cross-sectional area available to the extinguishing gas flow in the extended area is significantly greater than the cross-sectional area present in the throat, so that intensive extinguishing-arc blowing is ensured. But the distance d is too large to achieve the good dielectric strength according to the invention.
  • the case d 0.2 ⁇ D (FIG. 4), on the other hand, does not permit sufficiently strong outflow of the extinguishing gas and thus shows a Position of the second contact piece, which is not taken during a critical time for the re-ignition time window according to the invention.
  • the density and the extinguishing gas pressure on the switching path are lower than adjacent to the contact piece, so that these positions are also critical during the re-ignition Time window according to the invention can not be taken, otherwise there is a risk of flashback.
  • Pi density minimum of extinguishing gas density occurring in the throat or between the throat and the second contact piece; minimum in the throat or between the throat and the second

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un disjoncteur à haut pouvoir de coupure qui peut être rempli d'un gaz de coupage et qui comprend une première (1) et une deuxième pièce de contact d'arc électrique (2), ainsi qu'une chambre de chauffe (11) servant à stocker temporairement une quantité de gaz de coupage chauffé par un arc électrique (4). Un ajutage d'isolation (5) comporte un étranglement pour guider un courant de gaz de coupage (s3) le long d'un axe (A). Une zone plus large (21) est disposée à côté dudit étranglement qui comporte une surface transversale (F) s'étendant perpendiculairement à l'axe, à proximité de ladite zone plus large (21). Une distance (d) entre l'étranglement et la deuxième pièce de contact d'arc d'électrique (2), qui est mesurée le long de l'axe (A), se trouve dans une plage de distances spécifique, au moins aussi longtemps que le courant de gaz de coupage (s3, s4) peut s'écouler, au moins localement, à la vitesse du son ou de l'ultrason, lors d'un processus de coupure, après la séparation du contact pendant une phase de coupage au cours de laquelle le gaz de coupage peut s'écouler (s3) par l'étranglement (6) en direction (z2) de la deuxième pièce de contact d'arc électrique (2), au moins lorsque le gaz de coupage peut s'écouler (s3, s4), au moins localement, à la vitesse du son ou de l'ultrason. Selon l'invention, la plage de distances est déterminée par le fait qu'une part, la surface transversale disponible pour l'écoulement du gaz de coupage (s3) dans la zone plus large (21) correspond au moins à la surface (F), en particulier à au moins 1,5 x la surface (F), et que d'autre part, la densité de gaz de coupage minimale se trouvant dans l'étranglement (6) ou entre l'étranglement (6) et la deuxième pièce de contact (2) est supérieure à la densité de gaz de coupage minimale se trouvant dans ou à côté de la deuxième pièce de contact (2).
PCT/CH2005/000432 2004-08-23 2005-07-22 Disjoncteur a haut pouvoir de coupure WO2006021108A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2005800286135A CN101006539B (zh) 2004-08-23 2005-07-22 大功率开关
DE112005001520T DE112005001520A5 (de) 2004-08-23 2005-07-22 Hochleistungsschalter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04405526 2004-08-23
EP04405526.7 2004-08-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006021108A1 true WO2006021108A1 (fr) 2006-03-02

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PCT/CH2005/000432 WO2006021108A1 (fr) 2004-08-23 2005-07-22 Disjoncteur a haut pouvoir de coupure

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Country Link
CN (1) CN101006539B (fr)
DE (1) DE112005001520A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006021108A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009124582A1 (fr) * 2008-04-07 2009-10-15 Abb Research Ltd Disjoncteur haute tension à isolation gazeuse
WO2013153110A1 (fr) * 2012-04-11 2013-10-17 Abb Technology Ag Disjoncteur
EP2837011B1 (fr) * 2012-04-11 2017-06-14 ABB Schweiz AG Disjoncteur

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016105539A1 (de) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 Abb Schweiz Ag Elektrische Leistungsschaltvorrichtung
EP3503153B1 (fr) * 2017-12-22 2021-09-01 ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG Disjoncteur haute ou moyenne tension isolé au gaz
DE102019206807A1 (de) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mittelspannungs-Lasttrennschalter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3842226A (en) * 1970-02-06 1974-10-15 K Yoon Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle
US4341933A (en) * 1978-12-20 1982-07-27 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for extinguishing an electric arc in a circuit breaker
US4958052A (en) * 1989-02-14 1990-09-18 Mahieu William R ARC severing and displacement method and apparatus for fault current interruption

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3842226A (en) * 1970-02-06 1974-10-15 K Yoon Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle
US4341933A (en) * 1978-12-20 1982-07-27 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for extinguishing an electric arc in a circuit breaker
US4958052A (en) * 1989-02-14 1990-09-18 Mahieu William R ARC severing and displacement method and apparatus for fault current interruption

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009124582A1 (fr) * 2008-04-07 2009-10-15 Abb Research Ltd Disjoncteur haute tension à isolation gazeuse
WO2013153110A1 (fr) * 2012-04-11 2013-10-17 Abb Technology Ag Disjoncteur
CN104488058A (zh) * 2012-04-11 2015-04-01 Abb技术有限公司 断路器
US9431199B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2016-08-30 Abb Technology Ag Circuit breaker
EP2837011B1 (fr) * 2012-04-11 2017-06-14 ABB Schweiz AG Disjoncteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101006539A (zh) 2007-07-25
CN101006539B (zh) 2012-10-10
DE112005001520A5 (de) 2007-08-30

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