EP1630840A1 - Heavy-duty circuit-breaker with reversal of the movement - Google Patents

Abstract

The circuit breaker includes an auxiliary drive mechanism (3). This mechanism is constructed to reverse the direction of movement of the second arc contact section (2). Reversal takes place during circuit breaking, and occurs when the constricted section (6) is no longer partially blocked by the contact end section (2). The auxiliary drive is an electrodynamic drive. It is alternatively taken from the main drive. The auxiliary drive mechanism includes at least one cam track plate (14). Equations describing the constriction geometry are provided. An independent claim is included for the corresponding method.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to the field of high voltage switch technology. It relates to a high power switch and a method for turning off a high power switch according to the preamble of the independent claims.

State of the art

Such a high-power switch and such a method is known for example from the document DE 100 03 359 C1. There, a high-performance switch is described with two movable arcing contact pieces and a heating chamber for temporary storage of quenching gas, which has been heated by an optionally burning between the arcing contact pieces arc. The switch has an insulating nozzle, which has a throat for guiding a quenching gas flow, which in turn is connected by means of a channel with the heating chamber. First, the two move Contact pieces in the opposite direction, wherein the contact separation takes place and the Engnis is at least partially dammed by the second of the two contact pieces. While the throat is still at least partially closed by the second contact piece, there is a reversal of the movement of the second contact piece. The second contact piece thus moves in the same direction as the first of the two contact pieces. Due to the fact that the throat is still at least partially blocked by the second contact piece during the reversal of the direction of movement, an increase of the quenching gas pressure in the heating chamber can be generated. As a result, a stronger arc blowing can be achieved.

Presentation of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide an alternative way of producing an effective arc blowing. In particular, should be generated within a very short time, a large amount of extinguishing gas and a defined quenching gas flow can be realized.

This object is achieved by a device and a method having the features of the independent patent claims.

The inventive high-performance switch is advantageously filled with an extinguishing gas and includes a first movable arcing contact piece and a second movable arcing contact piece and a drive for driving the first arcing contact piece and an auxiliary drive for driving the second arcing contact piece. If necessary, an arc burns between the arcing contact pieces. The high power switch has a heating chamber for temporary storage of heated by the arc extinguishing gas and an insulating nozzle, which has a throat for guiding a quenching gas flow, which is connected by means of a channel with the boiler room. By one of the two arcing contact pieces, which is referred to as Verdämm contact piece, the Engnis is at least partially dammed. The auxiliary drive is designed such that during a switch-off operation, a reversal of the movement of the second arcing contact piece from an opposite to a rectified movement of the two arcing contact pieces takes place.

The high-performance switch according to the invention is characterized in that the auxiliary drive is designed such that the movement direction reversal of the second arcing contact piece takes place during a switch-off operation when the throat is no longer at least partially blocked by the damper contact piece.

This makes it possible to evaporate material from the insulating nozzle along the entire length of the throat during a substantial part of the arc time (arc burning time) through the arc. A large surface area, in particular the entire inner surface of the england, can therefore be used for a relatively long time to produce (vaporize) arc-extinguishing material. As a result, a large amount of arc-quenching material is generated, so that an efficient arc blowing is achieved.

The movement direction reversal taking place after the release of the throat by the damper contact piece makes it possible to optimize the extinguishing gas flow near the damper contact piece. The distance between the two contact pieces may vary depending on the ratio of the speeds two contact pieces, (slightly) enlarged or reduced or, particularly advantageous, are kept substantially constant. In particular, a distance between the damper contact piece and the throat can be (slightly) increased or reduced or, particularly advantageously, kept substantially constant. If, for example, the movement of the insulating nozzle 1: 1 (rigid) is coupled to the movement of the first contact piece and thus the rectified after the movement direction reversal movement of the two contact pieces is also substantially the same size, a predeterminable distance between the throat and the Verdämm contact piece be kept substantially constant.

As a result of the reversal of motion, therefore, an initially antiparallel or opposite movement of the two arcing contact pieces becomes a parallel or equidirectional movement of the two arcing contact pieces.

In particular, when a gear driven by the drive is used as the auxiliary drive, in the selection of a speed ratio v1 / v2 of the speed v1 of the first arcing contact to the speed v2 of the second arcing contact of v1 / v2 ≈ 1: 1 in the same direction contact piece movement can be a constant Contact distance (and possibly also a constant distance between the throat and the Verdämm contact piece) can be achieved, which remains even when the switch movement is decelerated by a damping mechanism. Also, in this way the influence of return to said distances can be substantially eliminated. Return occurs when the movement of a driven contact piece is hindered by quenching gas in the heating chamber, so that thereby takes place a reversal of movement of at least one of the contact pieces.

It can be achieved in the inventive high-performance switch so a good control of the contact piece distances and the Engnis contact piece distance, so that desired flow conditions, especially near the Verdämm contact piece, adjustable and can be maintained even in different cases. An optimization of the quenching gas flow near the contact piece is made possible.

The arcing contact pieces can also be rated current contacts at the same time. Advantageously, however, separate rated current contacts are provided in addition to the arcing contact pieces. Typically, in a turn-off operation, first the rated current contacts are separated from each other so that the electrical current to be interrupted commutes to the arcing contact pieces. Thereafter, the arc contact pieces are separated under ignition of an arc.

The movement direction reversal of the second arcing contact piece according to the invention from an opposite to a rectified movement of the two arcing contact pieces, when the throat is no longer at least partially blocked by the damper contact piece, closes a further, typically preceding reversal of movement direction of the second arcing contact piece from an opposite to a rectified movement the two arcing contact pieces, which can take place while the throat is still dammed at least partially by the Verdämm contact piece, not from.

The Engnis can also be called a nozzle channel.

The auxiliary drive may include an electro-dynamic drive. In addition to the electrodynamic drive, the auxiliary drive may also include a transmission.

Advantageously, the auxiliary drive may be a drivable by the drive gear, in particular a gear that includes a link plate. Advantageously, the transmission may have a lever and additionally an angle lever.

In particular, the transmission may have the following properties: At the damper contact piece is provided a bolt which is rotatably supported at a first end of a lever. At the second end of the lever, a bolt is rotatably mounted, which is rotatably mounted on a first leg of an angle lever. At the second end of the angle lever, a rotatably mounted bolt is provided, which is in engagement with a link plate. The bell crank is also rotatably connected to a non-moving part of the high power switch. Advantageously, the axes of rotation of said rotations are aligned parallel to each other. The link disc is connected to the output, in particular rigidly connected. Advantageously, the transmission is made in duplicate, wherein the two embodiments are advantageously arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane which is aligned parallel to an axis of the Verdämm contact piece.

A transmission may also have at least two levers, the ends of which have slots which engage in succession with a Ausschaltvorgang with a transmission rod. Details on the structural design of such a transmission can be found in the cited document DE 100 03 359 C1, which is hereby incorporated into the description with its entire disclosure content.

In a preferred embodiment of the subject invention, the second arcing contact piece is the Verdämm contact piece.

In a further preferred embodiment of the subject invention, an auxiliary nozzle is arranged adjacent to the first arcing contact piece, which forms the channel together with the insulating nozzle.

In a further preferred embodiment of the subject invention, the insulating nozzle is drivable by means of the drive. In particular, the movement of the insulating nozzle can be coupled directly and rigidly or else by means of a gear mechanism to the movement of the first contact piece. In the case of rigid coupling, a constant geometry of the channel may be present.

In a further preferred embodiment of the subject invention, the throat is formed substantially cylindrical, and advantageously the Verdämm contact piece is also formed substantially cylindrical. The diameter of the respective cylinder (the throat or the second contact piece) does not have to be completely constant and can vary slightly. Deviations from a circular cross section to, for example, elliptical cross sections are possible.

The high-power switch can be designed in the manner of a self-blowing switch. In this case, the volume of the boiler room is constant. The high-power switch can also be designed in the manner of a buffer switch (blow piston switch). In this case, the boiler room is also a compression room whose volume during a shutdown is reduced to achieve by the additional pressure better arc blowing. The high-power switch may also have a heating chamber, preferably of constant volume, and additionally a compression space, wherein the volume of at least the compression space is reduced during a turn-off operation. Advantageously, a valve between the compression chamber and the boiler room is then provided.

Advantageously, the auxiliary drive is designed such that in a first phase, during which the opposite movement of the arcing contact pieces takes place, a ratio v1 / v2 of the speed v1 of the first arcing contact piece to the speed v2 of the second arcing contact piece of v1 / v2 ≤ 1: 2.4, in particular of v1 / v2 ≤ 1: 2.8. Such high speed ratios make it possible to achieve a large spacing of the two arcing contact pieces within a very short time. If, for example, the drive and the first arcing contact piece have a speed of 5 m / s, a relative speed v12 of 20 m / s is achieved at a speed ratio of v1 / v2 = 1: 3. In this way, a very fast contact separation can be achieved (high speed of the arcing contact pieces during or shortly after the contact separation). Relative speeds of v12 ≥ 13 m / s, v12 ≥ 15 m / s or v12 ≥ 19 m / s are also suitable. In this way, when the throat has a large length (axial extent), a very large surface of the insulating nozzle can be exposed to the arc, whereby large amounts of material can be evaporated from the insulating nozzle, so that an efficient arc blowing is achieved. In particular, throat lengths of more than 40 mm, advantageously more than 50 mm and more than 60 mm can be used.

Advantageously, the auxiliary drive can be designed such that in a second phase, which takes place during the rectified movement of the arcing contact pieces, for the ratio v1 / v2 of the speed v1 of the first arcing contact piece to the speed v2 of the second arcing contact piece 0.5 ≦ v1 / v2 ≦ 1.2, in particular 0.75 ≤ v1 / v2 ≤ 1.15. Particularly advantageously, the speed ratio v1 / v2 is between 0.9 and 1.1 or close to one or is substantially one. In this way, well-defined flow conditions can be achieved near the damper contact piece. In particular, the distance between the two arcing contact pieces from each other and the distance of the Verdämm contact piece can be kept to the throat substantially constant, even if the drive is damped at the end of the turn-off or if there is a return.

In a preferred embodiment, the damper contact piece extends along an axis, and the drive and the auxiliary drive are designed such that in a second phase during the same direction movement of the arcing contact pieces a distance d measured along the axis between the throat and the damper contact piece is selected such that the flow velocity of the quenching gas flow is at a maximum in such a region, which is arranged with respect to the axis radially laterally adjacent to the second arcing contact piece and / or within the second arcing contact piece. The area can be contiguous or consist of several subareas.

The distance d is advantageously chosen such that in an extinguishing gas flow through the throat to the Verdämm contact piece (ie when the Engnis is released by the Verdämm contact piece) Range maximum flow velocity laterally (ie radially) next to the Verdämm contact piece is located and / or disposed within the Verdämm contact piece, and in particular not between the two arcing contact pieces, so not on the route between the two arcing contact pieces and not radially adjacent to this route is.

By maintaining such distances d, a particularly advantageous extinguishing gas flow near the damming contact piece and thus a particularly good arc blowing is achieved. In particular, a high dielectric strength of the switching path is achieved, so that flashbacks can be prevented. If a speed ratio v1 / v2 close to one is realized in the same direction movement of the contact pieces 1,2, said distance d can be particularly well and for a long time (advantageously at least 20 ms, at least 30 ms or at least 40 ms) within said ranges. Advantageously, such a distance d is maintained until the switch-off is completed.

The distance d is a spacing. The distance d is of course measured between the facing ends of Engnis and Verdämm contact piece.

Der Winkel α ist gleich einem Öffnungswinkel α eines an das Engnis anschliessenden, erweiterten Bereiches, und für den Parameter b' gilt: b'= b - F/F', wobei F' der Flächeninhalt der bezüglich der Achse radial angeordneten Querschnittsfläche einer gegebenenfalls in dem Verdämm-Kontaktstück vorgesehenen Öffnung zum Abströmen von Löschgas ist, und für den Parameter b gilt: $$1.4\le \mathrm{b}\le 4.5,\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{insbesondere}$$

$$1.7\le \mathrm{b}\le 4.0,\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{insbesondere}$$

$$2.1\le \mathrm{b}\le 3.5,\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{und}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{besonders}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{vorteilhaft}$$

$$2.2\le \mathrm{b}\le \mathrm{3.2.}$$

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the subject invention, the throat is substantially formed as a cylinder with an axis and a diameter D, and the drive and the auxiliary drive are formed such that in a second phase during the same direction movement of the arcing contact pieces for one along the axis measured distance d between the cylinder and the damper contact piece is: $$\mathrm{d}=\mathrm{D}\times \left({\left(1+{\mathrm{b}}^{\text{'}}\cdot \cos \mathrm{\alpha }\right)}^{\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.}-1\right)/\left(2\cdot \sin \mathrm{\alpha }\cdot \cos \mathrm{\alpha }\right),$$

The angle α is equal to an opening angle α of an extended area adjoining the throat, and the parameter b 'holds: b' = b-F / F ', where F' is the area of the cross-sectional area radially arranged with respect to the axis The opening provided for the flow-through of quenching gas is provided in the damper contact piece, and the following applies for the parameter b: $$1.4\le \mathrm{b}\le 4.5.\mathrm{especially}$$

$$1.7\le \mathrm{b}\le 4.0.\mathrm{especially}$$

$$2.1\le \mathrm{b}\le 3.5.\mathrm{and}\mathrm{especially}\mathrm{advantageous}$$

$$2.2\le \mathrm{b}\le \mathrm{3.2.}$$

The throat is substantially cylindrical, and advantageously the damper-contact piece is also substantially cylindrical. The diameter of the respective cylinder (the throat or the dowel contact piece) does not have to be completely constant and can vary slightly. Deviations from a circular cross section to, for example, elliptical cross sections are possible. The throat (or even the Verdämm contact piece) may have a different, advantageously substantially prismatic shape and is still referred to as substantially cylindrical. For the diameter D, a corresponding radial dimension of the throat is then taken. In particular, with good accuracy, the diameter of such a circle can be taken, which has the same area as the throat near the Verdämm contact piece. Also, the diameter of the cylinder or the radial dimension of the prism must not be exactly constant. The relevant quantity for the determination of d is the radial dimension at the end of the cylinder or prism facing the damper contact piece. Such forms are also included in the term "substantially cylindrical".

Due to the described cylinder diameter-dependent choice of the distance d, the flow rate condition according to the invention is fulfilled for the common switch geometries. If the parameter b can be kept within a narrower of the specified ranges for b, maintenance of the advantageous quenching gas flow can be better ensured.

The inventive method for switching off a high-power switch with a first movable arcing contact piece and a second movable arcing contact piece, wherein the two arcing contact pieces are moved opposite to each other and separated from each other, and wherein by one of the two arcing contact pieces, which is referred to as Verdämm contact piece, a constriction an insulating nozzle is at least partially dammed, and wherein the direction of movement of the second arcing contact piece is reversed, characterized in that the direction of movement of the second arcing contact piece is reversed when the throat is no longer dammed by the damper contact piece at least partially. This results in the above advantages.

The method according to the invention can also be referred to as a method for switching an electric current by means of a high-power switch.

Advantageously, the two arcing contact pieces are arranged coaxially with each other. The channel may advantageously be formed as an annular channel.

Advantageously, one of the two arcing contact pieces, in particular the first arcing contact piece, have an opening for receiving the other, advantageously pin-shaped arcing contact piece in the closed switch state and for discharging extinguishing gas in the opened switch state. In particular, this arc contact piece may be formed as a contact tulip with a plurality of contact fingers.

High-performance switches in the sense of this application are, in particular, those switches which are designed for nominal voltages of at least approximately 72 kV. The high power switch may include one or more switching chambers.

Further preferred embodiments and advantages emerge from the dependent claims and the figures.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

einen erfindungsgemässen Hochleistungsschalter in geöffnetem und in geschlossenen Zustand im Schnitt, mit Getriebe in Aufsicht;

Fig. 2

eine Weg-Zeit-Kurve für einen Ausschaltvorgang;

Fig. 3

eine Geschwindigkeits-Zeit-Kurve für einen Ausschaltvorgang;

Fig. 4

ein Detail eines erfindungsgemässen Hochleistungsschalters mit Getriebe, in Seitenansicht, im geschlossenen Zustand;

Fig. 5

ein Detail eines erfindungsgemässen Hochleistungsschalters mit Getriebe, in Seitenansicht, zum Zeitpunkt der Kontakttrennung;

Fig. 6

ein Detail eines erfindungsgemässen Hochleistungsschalters mit Getriebe, in Seitenansicht, während der Bewegungsumkehr;

Fig. 7

ein Detail eines erfindungsgemässen Hochleistungsschalters mit Getriebe, in Seitenansicht, im geöffneten Zustand.

In the following, the subject invention will be explained in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. They show schematically:

Fig. 1

an inventive high-performance switch in the open and closed state in section, with gear in supervision;

Fig. 2

a path-time curve for a turn-off;

Fig. 3

a speed-time curve for a turn-off operation;

Fig. 4

a detail of an inventive high-performance switch with gear, in side view, in the closed state;

Fig. 5

a detail of an inventive high-performance switch with gear, in side view, at the time of contact separation;

Fig. 6

a detail of a high-performance switch according to the invention with gear, in side view, during the reversal of motion;

Fig. 7

a detail of an inventive high power switch with gear, in side view, in the open state.

The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals. Basically, the same or equivalent parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures. For the understanding of the invention non-essential parts are not shown in part. The described embodiments are exemplary of the subject invention and have no limiting effect.

Ways to carry out the invention

Fig. 1 shows schematically a novel high-performance switch in the open state (lower half) and in the closed state (upper half). In the right part of the picture, a gear 3 is shown schematically in plan. The high-power switch filled with an extinguishing gas (for example SF ₆ , or a mixture of N ₂ and SF ₆ ) has a first movable arcing contact piece 1 which can be driven by a non-illustrated drive. A suitable drive can be, for example, an electrodynamic drive or a spring-loaded drive.

A second arcing contact piece 2 is driven by an auxiliary drive 3, which is realized by the drive 3 driven by the drive. In the closed switch state, the two touch Arc contact pieces 1,2 each other. It may additionally be provided not shown nominal current contact pieces.

The first contact piece 1 is rigidly connected to an insulating nozzle 5 and an auxiliary nozzle 13. The insulating nozzle 5 has a throat 6, which is formed substantially cylindrical with a diameter D. Subsequent to the throat 6, a diameter-extended area 21 with an opening angle α adjoins. Through an annular channel 7, the Engnis is connected to a boiler room 11. Connected to the heating chamber through a valve 12 is a compression space 10. The volume of the heating space is variable by means of a piston 15, which is advantageously fixed.

The high-power switch is formed substantially rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis A, whereby axial directions z1 and z2 along which the arcing contact pieces move and vertical radial directions are defined.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a path-time diagram (zt curves) for the movement of the first contact piece 1 (dashed curve) and of the second contact piece 2 (dotted curve) and for the relative movement of the two contact pieces (solid line). shown.

The corresponding velocity-time curves (vt curves) are shown schematically in FIG. The speed v1 of the first contact piece 1 (dashed curve) and the speed v2 of the second contact piece 2 (dotted curve) and the relative speed v12 of the two contact pieces (solid line) are shown.

During a turn-off operation for interrupting a current flowing through the high-power switch, the first arc contact piece 1 and the insulating nozzle 5, the auxiliary nozzle 13 and the valve 12 first move in the direction z1. With an optional delay, the second contact piece 2 moves in the direction z2. The mass to be moved directly by the drive is large in relation to the mass to be moved by the gear 3. Up to shortly before reaching the maximum speed v1 can be waited therefore with the acceleration of the second contact piece 2. The first contact piece 1 remains after reaching its maximum speed to a deceleration process at the end of the turn-off substantially at this speed.

By the fixed piston 15, the volume of the compression chamber is reduced, and the valve 12 can quenching gas flow into the heating chamber 10. Then, during a phase of high or maximum relative speed v12, the contact separation takes place with the ignition of an arc 4. It is possible that the contact separation takes place shortly (a few milliseconds) before or after reaching the maximum relative speeds.

The arc 4 leads to the heating of quenching gas and dissolves in Engnis 6 burn-off material from the insulating 5 out. By means of the annular channel 7, an overpressure in the heating chamber 11 is generated in this way. From a predeterminable by the valve 12 pressure difference between the heating chamber 11 and the compression chamber 10, for example, if in the heating chamber 11, a greater pressure than in the compression chamber 10, closes the valve 12. The later from the boiler room 11 and possibly also from the compression chamber 10 by the heating chamber 11 then through the channel 7 in the arranged between the two contact pieces 1.2 extinguishing path extinguishing gas is then the extinction of the arc. 4

After the first arcing contact piece 1 facing the end of the second arcing contact piece 2 has crossed most of the length of the passage 6 at maximum speed v2, v2 decreases again. The second contact piece 2 comes to a standstill and, after it has released the throat 6, moves in the direction z1 and thus parallel to (rectified with) the first contact piece 1. After this direction of movement reversal, the second contact piece 2 soon reaches the same speed as the first one Contact piece 1.

Once the throat 6 is no longer at least partially blocked by the second contact piece 2, quenching gas can pass through the channel 7 not only through the tulip-shaped first contact piece 1 (in the direction z1) but also through the throat 6 and past the pin-shaped second contact piece 2 (in FIG Direction z2).

By the speed ratio v1 / v2 of substantially 1: 1 in the same direction movement of the two contact pieces 1,2, a distance d between the second, advantageously pin-shaped contact piece 2 and the throat 6 can be kept substantially constant. This distance d is selected such that, in the case of an extinguishing gas flow through the throat 6 to the damper contact piece 2 (in the direction z2), the maximum flow velocity lies laterally (ie radially) next to the damper contact piece 2, and in particular not on the distance between the two Arc contact pieces 1 and 2 (or radially adjacent to this distance). As a result, a particularly efficient arc blowing is achieved, and a re-ignition of the arc is effectively prevented. The distance d is chosen as d ≈ (0.7 ± 0.2) × D, where D is the diameter of the throat 6 (at its z2-sided end). If the angle α were smaller as 45 °, the distance d would be chosen to be approximately approximately d≈ (0.7 ± 0.2) × D / tan α.

If a speed ratio v1 / v2 of 1: 1 (after the reversal of the direction of rotation) is predetermined by the gearbox 3, the distance d and thus also the corresponding flow conditions can be maintained even if the switch goes into damping, ie the contact pieces 1, 2 are braked by a damping mechanism. Towards the end of a switch-off process, there is often also a return of the first contact piece 1 caused by the pressure conditions in the heating chamber 11 and / or the compression chamber 10. Also by such a return, when a speed ratio v1 / v2 of 1: 1 is selected, the distance d not be changed. In this respect, optimum flow conditions can be maintained until the end of the switch-off movement, thereby ensuring safe arc extinguishment without backflushing. Due to the speed ratio v1 / v2 of 1: 1, the distance between the two contact pieces 1 and 2 is constant, so that the electric field distribution is constant.

By a speed ratio v1 / v2 of about 1: 1 after the reversal of the direction of travel, it is possible to reduce the load of the damper or to use a less expensive damper since a longer damper stroke (longer distance during which the motions are decelerated) can be provided. Because after an early reaching a sufficient (typically almost maximum) distance between the arcing contact pieces, the braking of the contact pieces can already begin because the contact piece distance is kept constant by the 1: 1 ratio. For a speed ratio v1 / v2 that is close is at one, applies in principle the same, but with small changes of the contact piece spacing occur.

The Figs. 2 and 3 show the movements of the contact pieces 1, 2 only until shortly after the use of the damping. With P1 is designated a first phase, during which there is a maximum relative speed v12 with opposite movement of the two contact pieces 1,2. In the case shown this is v12 ≈ 20 m / s. With P2 a second phase is designated, during which there is a speed ratio v1 / v2 of about 1: 1 in the same direction movement of the two contact pieces 1,2 after release of the throat. In Figs. 2 and 3, the end of the second phase P2 coincides with the application of damping.

Figs. FIGS. 4 to 7 schematically show a detail of a high power circuit breaker according to the invention with a transmission 3 in side view at different times. As can also be seen from the right-hand part of FIG. 1 (there in plan view), a lever 8 is rotatably mounted on the second contact piece 2 at a first end by means of a bolt 16. At the second end of the lever 8, the lever 8 is rotatably supported by a bolt 17 on a leg of an angle lever 9. The second leg of the angle lever 9 is guided by means of a bolt 18 in a link plate 14. The angle lever 9 is rotatably supported by means of a stationary, for example, attached to the housing of the high-power switch pin 19. As symbolized by means of a line of action W, the movement of the link plate 14 (preferably rigidly) is coupled to the movement of the first contact piece 1.

By connected to the drive crank plate 14 so the movement of the second contact piece 2 is controlled by a lever mechanism. The transmission 3 can be a linear movement (of the drive) with Constant speed translate into a movement with reversal of direction of movement. By a suitable choice of lever lengths and angles, a desired speed profile for the second contact piece 2 can be selected.

The transmission 3, as shown in Fig. 1, be constructed symmetrically, resulting in a more favorable distribution of forces and greater stability.

Fig. 4 shows the closed switch state at the beginning of a switch-off. Fig. 5 shows the state approximately at the time of contact separation. Fig. 6 shows a state during the movement direction reversal of the second contact piece 2. Fig. 7 shows the opened switch state at the end of a turn-off movement.

By reducing the speed v2 of the second contact piece 2 at the end of the switch-off movement, the load on a damping device that decelerates the movement of the contact pieces can be reduced since a lower kinetic energy must be absorbed.

The speed v1 of the first contact piece 1 after the initial acceleration may typically be between 3 m / s and 10 m / s, for example 5 m / s. The speed v2 of the second contact piece 1 can typically be 10 m / s to 20 m / s at the maximum, for example 15 m / s. The maximum speed ratio v1 / v2 (with opposite motion) can be between 1: 2.4 and 1: 3.5, for example 1: 3. As a result, correspondingly large relative velocities v12 between typically 15 m / s, 20 m / s and more can be achieved, which enable rapid release of the throat 6 and efficient arc blowing by providing a large quenching gas pressure within a short time. A big distance between the contact pieces 1 and 2 (Isolierstrecke) can be achieved within a very short time. A corresponding high-performance switch can be designed for rated short-circuit currents of more than 40 kA or more than 50 kA at rated voltages of more than 1 70 kV or more than 200 kV.

The maximum relative velocity v _{12, max of} the contact pieces 1, 2 can advantageously be selected to be at least 40%, in particular at least 60%, and even at least 80% greater in such a switch than would be necessary for capacitive switching. Advantageously, the switching chamber is designed such that, if it is installed in a single-chamber high-power switch, for the maximum relative speed v _{12, max of} the two arcing contact pieces (1, 2) to each other during a turn-off operation: v _{12, max} ≥ k '× U _N · p · f / (e _crit · p _0), where U _{N is} the rated voltage of the high power switch which Polfaktor of the high power switch, e p _crit the use of field strength for discharges of the quenching gas, and p ₀ is the filling pressure of the quenching gas, and f is the high-voltage power frequency is for which the high-performance switch is designed. The factor k 'is 23, advantageously 27 or preferably 31. In the case of a high-performance switch with more than one switching chamber, a further factor has to be added, which takes into account the control of the high-power switch.

This makes it possible to generate a very large arc gap within a very short time. A large surface area, especially the entire inner surface of the enema, can be used for a relatively long period of time to generate (vaporize) arc-extinguishing material. As a result, a large amount of arc-quenching material is generated, so that an efficient arc blowing is achieved. Due to the very fast relative movement, this large amount of arc-quenching material can already within a very short time can be generated so that a very large quenching gas pressure can be generated, and the pressure generation can take place very quickly after the contact separation. As a result, a very strong arc blowing and thus a very safe switching, even large short-circuit currents can be achieved.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

first arcing contact piece

2

second arcing contact piece, damper contact piece

3

Auxiliary drive, gearbox

4

Electric arc

5

insulating

6

throat

7

Channel, ring channel

8th

lever

9

bell crank

10

compression chamber

11

boiler room

12

Valve

13

auxiliary nozzle

14

Scenery, backdrop

15

piston

16,17,18

Bolt, rotatable bearing

19

fixed bolt, rotatable bearing

21

Area, diameter-expanded area

A

Axis, axis of symmetry

b, b '

parameter

d

distance

D

Diameter, radial dimension

P1

first phase

P2

second phase

v1

Speed of the first contact piece

v2

Speed of the second contact piece

v12

Relative speed of the contact pieces

v _{12, max}

maximum relative speed of the contact pieces

W

line of action

z

Way coordinate

z1

direction

z2

direction

α '

angle

α

opening angle

Claims (18)

High-power switch, which can be filled with a quenching gas, with a first movable arcing contact piece (1) and a second movable arcing contact piece (2), with a drive for driving the first arcing contact piece (1) and an auxiliary drive (3) for driving the second arcing contact piece (2), with an arc (4), possibly burning between the arcing contact pieces (1, 2), with a heating chamber (11) for temporary storage of extinguishing gas heated by the arc (4), and with an insulating nozzle (5), which is a throat for guiding an extinguishing gas flow (6), which is connected by means of a channel (7) with the heating chamber (11) and by one of the two arcing contact pieces (1; 2), which is referred to as Verdämm contact piece (2), at least partially eingeschämmbar, wherein the Auxiliary drive (3) is designed such that during a turn-off a movement direction reversal of the second arcing contact piece (2) from an opposite to a rectified movement of the two arcing contact pieces (1; 2) takes place,
characterized in that
the auxiliary drive (3) is designed such that the movement direction reversal of the second arcing contact piece (2) takes place during a switch-off operation when the throat (6) is no longer at least partially blocked by the damper contact piece (2). High-power circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary drive (3) includes an electro-dynamic drive. High-power circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary drive (3) is a drivable by the drive gear (3). High-power circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission (3) includes at least one link plate (14). High-power circuit breaker according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the transmission (3) comprises at least one lever (8) and additionally at least one angle lever (9). High-power circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission (3) has at least two levers, the ends of which have slots which engage in succession with a Ausschaltvorgang with a transmission rod. High-power switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second arcing contact piece (2) is the damper contact piece (2). High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that adjacent to the first arcing contact piece (1) an auxiliary nozzle (13) is arranged, which forms the channel (7) together with the insulating nozzle (5). High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating nozzle (5) can be driven by means of the drive. High-power switch according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the throat (6) is substantially cylindrical, and in that the damper contact piece (2) is substantially cylindrical. High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compression space (10) is present, the volume of which is reduced during a switch-off operation. High-power circuit breaker according to claim 11, characterized in that the compression space (10) is different from the heating space (11), and in that a valve (12) is provided between the compression space (10) and the heating space (11). High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary drive (3) is designed such that in a first phase (P1) during the opposite movement of the arcing contact pieces (1,2) a ratio v1 / v2 of the speed v1 of the first arcing contact piece (1) to the speed v2 of the second arcing contact piece (2) of v1 / v2 ≤ 1: 2.4, in particular of v1 / v2 ≤ 1: 2.8, is achieved. High-power switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive and the auxiliary drive (3) are designed such that in a first phase (P1) during the opposite movement of the arcing contact pieces (1,2) a relative velocity v12 of the two arcing contact pieces (1 , 2) of v12 ≥ 15 m / s, in particular of v12 ≥ 18 m / s. High-power switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary drive (3) is designed such that in a second phase (P2) during the rectified movement of the arcing contact pieces (1,2) for the ratio v1 / v2 of the speed v1 of the first arcing contact piece (1) to the speed v2 of the second arcing contact piece (2): 0.4 ≤ v1 / v2 ≤ 1.2, in particular 0.75 ≤ v1 / v2 ≤ 1.15. High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damper contact piece (2) along an axis (A) is extended, and that the drive and the auxiliary drive (3) are formed such that in a second phase (P2) during the equidirectional movement of the arcing contact pieces (1,2) a distance d between the throat (6) and the damper contact piece (2) measured along the axis (A) is selected such that the flow velocity of the extinguishing gas flow is maximal in such a range, which is arranged with respect to the axis (A) radially laterally adjacent to the second arcing contact piece (2) and / or within the second arcing contact piece (2). High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throat (6) is substantially formed as a cylinder with an axis (A) and a diameter D, and that the drive and the auxiliary drive (3) are formed such that in a second phase (P2) during the movement in the same direction of the arcing contact pieces (1, 2) for a distance d measured along the axis (A) between the cylinder and the blocking contact piece (2) $$\mathrm{d}=\mathrm{D}\times \left({\left(1+{\mathrm{b}}^{\text{'}}\cdot \cos \mathrm{\alpha }\right)}^{\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.}-1\right)/\left(2\cdot \sin \mathrm{\alpha }\cdot \cos \mathrm{\alpha }\right)$$

where the angle α is equal to an opening angle α of an extended area (21) adjoining the throat, and where for the parameter b ': b' = b - F / F ', where F' is the area of the with respect to the axis (A) radially arranged cross-sectional area of an optionally provided in the damper contact piece (2) opening for the discharge of quenching gas, and wherein for the parameter b applies: $$1.4\le \mathrm{b}\le 4.5.$$

especially $$1.7\le \mathrm{b}\le \mathrm{4.0.}$$

A method for switching off a high-power switch with a first movable arcing contact piece (1) and with a second movable arcing contact piece (2), wherein the two arcing contact pieces (1,2) are moved opposite to each other and separated from each other, and wherein one of the two arcing contact pieces (1 2), which is referred to as a damming contact piece (2), a throat (6) of an insulating nozzle (5) is at least partially dammed, and wherein the direction of movement of the second arcing contact piece (2) is reversed,
characterized in that
the direction of movement of the second arcing contact piece (2) is reversed when the throat (6) is no longer at least partially blocked by the damper contact piece (2).

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