EP1629360B1 - Update system and method for updating a scanning subsystem in a mobile communication framework - Google Patents

Update system and method for updating a scanning subsystem in a mobile communication framework Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1629360B1
EP1629360B1 EP04759803.2A EP04759803A EP1629360B1 EP 1629360 B1 EP1629360 B1 EP 1629360B1 EP 04759803 A EP04759803 A EP 04759803A EP 1629360 B1 EP1629360 B1 EP 1629360B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
update
mobile communication
scanning subsystem
portions
handle
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EP04759803.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1629360A2 (en
EP1629360A4 (en
Inventor
Victor Kouznetsov
Davide Libenzi
Michael C. Pak
Yasutaka Urakama
Kenji Ishii
Masanori Fujita
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NTT Docomo Inc
McAfee LLC
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NTT Docomo Inc
McAfee LLC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60—Software deployment
    • G06F8/65—Updates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/12—Detection or prevention of fraud
    • H04W12/128—Anti-malware arrangements, e.g. protection against SMS fraud or mobile malware
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/1441—Countermeasures against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/145—Countermeasures against malicious traffic the attack involving the propagation of malware through the network, e.g. viruses, trojans or worms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mobile communication device security, and more particularly to scanning mobile communication devices for malware.
  • malware such as viruses, Trojan horses, and worms (referred to collectively hereinafter as “viruses”); and other unwanted/harmful content in much the same way as present day personal computers and workstations are susceptible.
  • viruses viruses, Trojan horses, and worms
  • anti-virus software In order to resist virus attacks, anti-virus software must be deployed into mobile platforms in much the same way as it has been deployed in the desktop environment.
  • a number of different desktop anti-virus applications are currently available. The majority of these applications rely upon a basic scanning engine which searches suspect files for the presence of predetermined virus signatures. These signatures are held in a database which must be constantly updated to reflect the most recently identified viruses.
  • users download replacement databases every so often, either over the Internet, from a received e-mail, or from a CDROM or floppy disk. Users are also expected to update there software engines every so often in order to take advantage of new virus detection techniques which may be required when a new strain of virus is detected.
  • Mobile wireless platforms present a series of problems for software developers (including developers of anti-virus software). Chief among these are the limited memory and processing power of mobile platforms, and the limited input/output capabilities which they possess (i.e. no CDROM or floppy drive, and no high bandwidth fixed line network or Internet connectivity). Unfortunately, this drawback makes any updating of mobile communication devices difficult.
  • a method for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device comprising the features of claim 1.
  • a computer program product for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device, the computer program product comprising the features of claim 15.
  • a system for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device comprising the features of claim 16.
  • a method for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device utilizing a backend server comprising the features of claim 17.
  • a system, method and computer program product are provided for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device. Initially received is a first portion of an update adapted for updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device. Further, more portions of the update are received in addition to the receipt of the first portion of the update. The update is then installed with the scanning subsystem.
  • an integrity of the update may be determined. Accordingly, the update may be conditionally installed with the scanning subsystem, based on whether the integrity of the update is verified.
  • the integrity of the update may be determined utilizing a signature.
  • Such signature may be received with one of the portions (i.e. a last portion) of the update. Then, the signature may be compared against another signature generated utilizing each of the portions of the update.
  • a size of the portions of the update may be minimized.
  • the portions of the update may be compressed.
  • the additional portions of the update may be conditionally received based on whether it is determined that the first portion is empty. Again, such feature is beneficial in accommodating the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks.
  • scanning utilizing the scanning subsystem may be paused upon receipt of the update. Moreover, the scanning may be resumed upon the update being installed with the scanning subsystem.
  • each portion of the update may be designed to accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks.
  • each portion of the update may include a header.
  • Such header may indicate an identifier of the associated portion of the update, a length of the associated portion of the update, etc.
  • the update may be requested by the mobile communication device.
  • Such update may be requested by the mobile communication device utilizing a request data structure.
  • data structure may include variables such as a uniform resource locator (URL) variable, a mobile communication identifier variable, an application program interface version variable, a detection logic variable, a signature version variable, and/or a portion number variable.
  • URL uniform resource locator
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a mobile communication framework 100, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • a mobile communication device 102 and a backend server 104 capable of communicating via a wireless network.
  • the mobile communication device 102 may include, but is not limited to a cellular telephone, a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless hand-held computer, a wireless portable computer or any other mobile device capable of communication via a wireless network.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the mobile communication device 102 maybe equipped with a scanning subsystem 105.
  • scanning subsystem 105 may include any subsystem capable of scanning data that is either stored on the mobile communication device 102 or in communication therewith.
  • scanning may refer to on-access scanning, on-demand scanning, or any other type of scanning.
  • the scanning may involve content (i.e. text, pictures, etc.) represented by the aforementioned data, general security-type scanning for malware, etc.
  • the mobile communication device 102 maybe further equipped with a display 106 capable of depicting a plurality of graphical user interfaces 108 adapted for managing various functionality including the aforementioned scanning functionality.
  • the display 106 of the mobile communication device 102 is used to display data on a network (i.e. the Internet, etc.). See operation 1.
  • a network i.e. the Internet, etc.
  • the user may use the display 106 to browse various data on the network by selecting link or anchors for retrieving the data from the network via the backend server 104. See operation 2.
  • the scanning subsystem 105 is called to scan the retrieved data.
  • the scanning subsystem 105 is shown to have located malware in association with the retrieved data in operation 4.
  • a user is provided with an option via the display 106 to either halt the retrieval and/or use/access the data regardless of the identified malware.
  • Note operation 5 Based on the decision in operation 5, the user may or may not be the subject of an "attack,” as indicated in operation 6.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a mobile communication framework 200, in accordance with another embodiment.
  • the present mobile communication framework 200 is similar to the mobile communication framework 100 of Figure 1 with the exception of the manner in which the mobile communication device reacts to the identification of malware in retrieved data.
  • the user is only provided with one option in operation 5. That is, the user is capable of only closing any dialogue associated with the data found to incorporate malware. Note operation 6.
  • FIG 3 illustrates an architecture 300 associated with a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the present architecture 300 may be incorporated into the mobile communication devices of Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the architecture 300 may be implemented in any desired context.
  • the present architecture 300 may include a plurality of mobile application programs 302.
  • the mobile application programs 302 may include any application program, software, etc. installed on a mobile communication device for carrying out various tasks. It should be further noted that such application programs 302 may also be implemented in firmware, hardware, etc. per the desires of the user.
  • the application programs 302 may include, but are not limited to a mail application program, where the tasks include managing electronic mail.
  • the application program may include a browser application program, where the tasks include browsing a network.
  • the application program may include a phone book application program, where the tasks include managing a plurality telephone numbers.
  • the application program may include a message application program, where the tasks include communicating messages. It should be noted that any type of application program may be included. For example, a Java application program or the like may be included.
  • a scanning subsystem 304 resides in communication with the application programs 302 via a first application program interface (API) 306 and a first library 308 associated with the scanning subsystem 304. More information regarding optional exemplary details relating to the first application program interface 306 and the first library 308 will be set forth later in greater detail during reference to Figures 4-12 .
  • API application program interface
  • the application programs 302 may communicate information to the scanning subsystem 304 to facilitate the scanning by the scanning subsystem 304. Such information may relate to the type of data to be scanned, and the timing associated with such scanning. More exemplary information regarding the way in which the scanning subsystem 304 interacts with the application programs 302 in such a manner will be set forth during reference to Figures 13-15 .
  • the first library 308 may include an update manager 310, a configuration manager 312, and a signature database 314.
  • the update manager 310 may manage the process with which the signature database 314 is updated with the latest signatures for scanning purposes.
  • the update process may be streamlined to accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks. More exemplary information regarding such update process will be set forth during reference to Figures 16-17 .
  • an operating system 316 installed on the mobile communication device and adapted for executing the application programs 302.
  • the scanning subsystem 304 may be platform-independent, and thus be capable of being implemented on any type of operating system/mobile communication device combination.
  • a second application program interface 318 and a second library 320 capable of supporting various functionality such as system/library initialization 322, error functions 336, memory allocation 334, input/output (I/O) 328, data authentication 332, synchronization 330, hypertext transfer protocol 326, device information 324, debugging 338, and other functionality (i.e. shared memory, system time, etc.).
  • the second application program interface 318 may be platform independent, similar to the scanning subsystem 304. More information regarding optional exemplary details relating to the second application program interface 318 and the second library 320 will be set forth later in greater detail during reference to Appendix A.
  • Figure 4 shows a system 400 for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the present system 400 may be implemented in the context of the application programs, scanning subsystem, and operating system of the architecture 300 of Figure 3 . It should be noted, however, that the present system 400 may be implemented in any desired context.
  • an operating system 402 installed on a mobile communication device capable of communicating via a wireless network.
  • an application program 404 installed on the mobile communication device and executed utilizing the operating system 402 for performing tasks.
  • a scanning subsystem 406 remains in communication with the application program 404 via an application program interface and an associated library (see, for example, the first application program interface 306 and first library 308 of Figure 3 ). Such scanning subsystem 406 is adapted for accessing security or content analysis functionality in conjunction with the tasks performed by the application program 404.
  • the security or content analysis may include security analysis.
  • the security or content analysis may include content analysis.
  • the security or content analysis may include on-demand virus scanning and/or on-access virus scanning.
  • the security or content analysis functionality may be applied to application data associated with the tasks performed by the application program 404.
  • the application data may include any data input, processed, output, or otherwise associated with the performance of the tasks carried out by the application program 404.
  • FIG. 5 shows a framework 500 for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with an application server embodiment of the system 400 of Figure 4 . It should be noted that the present framework 500 may be implemented in any desired context.
  • the scanning subsystem may include a scanning program 502 that communicates with the application program 504 via the application program interface 506 and an associated protocol (i.e. uItron messaging system).
  • the application program interface 506 may involve a first component 508 associated with the scanning program 502 and a second component 510 associated with the application program 504.
  • Various calls 512 provided with the application program interface 506 may include an open call, a data call, and a close call.
  • the scanning program 502 may scan application data 516 associated with the tasks performed by the application program 504.
  • FIG. 6 shows a framework 600 for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with a re-entrant library embodiment of the system 400 of Figure 4 . It should be noted that the present framework 600 may be implemented in any desired context.
  • the scanning subsystem may include a re-entrant library 602.
  • the scanning subsystem re-entrant library 602 may be linked to an application program 604 at run-time.
  • an application program interface 606 may be populated into each of a plurality of application programs 604.
  • the application program interface 606 may involve various calls 612 including an open call, a data call, and a close call.
  • the re-entrant library 602 may be used to scan application data 616 associated with the tasks performed by the application program 604.
  • Figure 7 shows an on-demand scanning system 700 implemented in the context of the system 400 of Figure 4 . It should be noted that the present system 700 may be implemented in any desired context.
  • On-demand scanning provides scanning of stored application data 702 for malicious content or code for removal.
  • the user may initiate on-demand scanning via a user interface 703.
  • each application program 704 may call a scanning subsystem 706 to perform scanning of objects stored in the corresponding memory.
  • on-access scanning provides identification of malicious code or content before the application program 704 processes or renders the application data 702.
  • the on-access scanning is transparent to the user until the scanning subsystem 706 detects malicious application data 702.
  • FIG 8 shows a hierarchy of various components of an application program interface 800 which may be used to interface mobile application programs and a scanning subsystem, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the present application program interface 800 may be implemented in the context of the system 400 of Figure 4 . It should be noted, however, that the present application program interface 800 may be implemented in any desired context.
  • the application program interface functions include MDoScanOpen() 802, MDoScanClose() 804, MDoScanVersion() 806, and MDoScanData() 808.
  • MoDoScanOpen() 802 and MDoScanClose() 804 are used to create/open and close a scanning subsystem object instance.
  • MDoScanVersion() 806 provides scanning subsystem and signature pattern data version information.
  • MDoScanData() 808 performs content/data scanning and reporting.
  • MDoScanUpdate() 810 that provides malware signature database and detection logic updates.
  • MDoScanUpdate() 810 When MDoScanUpdate() 810 is called by an update application, the library connects to a remote back-end server (see, for example, Figure 1 ) and downloads the latest files (i.e. mdo.sdb, mdo.pd).
  • Scanning subsystem configuration is done using the MDoConfigOpen() 812, MDoConfigClose() 814, MDoConfigGet() 816, and MDoConfigSet() 818.
  • a configuration handle is obtained by calling the present application program interface 800, the calling application program uses the get and set configuration API to query and set scanning subsystem configuration variables.
  • MDoGetLastError() 820 is also included in the present application program interface 800. This function is used to retrieve information about the last error that occurred.
  • MDoSystemInit() 825 is called to initialize the library environment settings.
  • the library keeps configuration settings, malicious code detection logic (i.e. mdo.pd) and signature database (i.e. mdo.sdb), and internal variables (i.e. synchronization objects, etc.) at fixed persistent storage locations.
  • MDoLibraryOpen() 830 and MDoLibraryClose() 840 are used to initialize the library.
  • An application program may call MDoLibraryOpen() 830 before any other API calls are made, and the application program may call MDoLibraryClose() 840 before terminating.
  • the application program interface 800 may be capable of supporting various functionality such as system environment initialization, version status information retrieval, updating the scanning subsystem, scanning, configuring the scanning subsystem, etc. using various application program interface components. More information will now be set forth regarding the foregoing functionality in the context of the application program interface 800.
  • MDoSystemInit() 825 performs validation and environment initialization for data kept at specific persistent storage locations.
  • a malicious code/content signature pattern database i.e. mdo.sdb
  • detection logic i.e. mdo.pd
  • configuration settings i.e. mdo.pd
  • synchronization objects may be stored at these locations.
  • MDoSystemInit() 825 may be called once (i.e. at boot-time) before any of the API functions are executed.
  • Table #1 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoSystemInit() 825.
  • the application program interface 800 includes a plurality of library interface components.
  • the API interface instantiation may be accomplished using MDoLibraryOpen() 830.
  • the instantiated library interface handle obtained using this function may be used for subsequent API calls.
  • MDoLibraryClose() 840 may be called to release the handle.
  • Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary library interface initialization 900 utilizing MDoLibraryOpen() 830 and MDoLibraryClose() 840.
  • Table #2 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoLibraryOpen() 830. Table #2
  • Table #3 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoLibraryClose() 840.
  • MDoGetLastError() 820 provides the application program with information about the last error occurred.
  • Table #4 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoGetLastError() 820.
  • the MDoErrorCode data type may be defined as a 32-bit unsigned integer which contains both component and error codes. Often times, the error information retrieved may be set at the platform abstraction API layer. For this reason, the MDoErrorCode format given herein is similar to AlErrorCode format defined by the abstraction layer API (See Appendix A).
  • Figure 10 illustrates an exemplary format 1000 of MDoErrorCode, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • Table #5 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoGetLastError() 820.
  • Exemplary Computer Code #1 illustrates a sample library calling sequence with a call to MDoGetLastError() 820.
  • An error code reported by MDoGetLastError 820 includes two parts: component code and error code. See Appendix A for more information. Table #6 lists exemplary error codes and corresponding component codes. MDoGetLastError 820 also returns error codes set at the abstract library layer. It should be noted that the following list is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting in any manner. Table #6 Component Code Error Code Description MDO_ERROR_MODUL E MDOE_CFG_UNKNOWN_VARIABLE Unknown/invali d configuration variable name. ML_ERROR_MODULE MLE_XFILE_SEEK_MODE Invalid meta file seek mode value.
  • MLE_XFILE_SEEK_OOB Invalid meta file seek location. MLE_XFILE_SIZE_OOB Invalid meta file size. MLE_PKG_INVALID_FILE Invalid update package file. MLE_PKG_INVALID_FORMAT Invalid update package file format. MLE_SDB_INVALID_POSITION Invalid SDB record position. MLE_SDB_INVALID_STRUCTURE Invalid/corrup t SDB record structure. MLE_SDB_RECORD_NOT_FOUND Missing SDB record. Record not found. MLE_SDB_NO_INODES No more SDB INode space. MLE_SDB_NO_BLOCKS No more SDB block space.
  • MLE_SDB_INVALID_OFFSET_SIZE Invalid SDB offset MLE_SDB_BAD_INITIALIZE_PARAMS Invalid SDB initialization parameter(s).
  • MLE_ME_INVALID_SUBTYPE Invalid sub-record ID value MLE_ME_INVALID_TYPE Invalid sub-record ID value.
  • MLE_ME_VIRUS_NOT_FOUND Missing/invali d virus code MLE_DBU_INVALID_COMMAND Invalid SDB update command.
  • MLE_MALL_VREC_ARRAY Bad virus-record array size MLE_ME_TOO_MANY_WVSELECT_BUCKET S Failed to add new SDB record.
  • the application program interface 800 includes a plurality of scanning subsystem components.
  • the scanning subsystem API components provide data/content scanning and signature update service. Included are MDoScanOpen() 802, MDoScanClose() 804, MDoScanVersion() 806, MDoScanUpdate() 810, and MDoScanData() 808.
  • MDoScanOpen() 802 is used for scanning subsystem object instantiation.
  • MDoScanVersion() 806 provides scanning subsystem and signature database version information.
  • MDoScanUpdate() 810 performs the signature database update.
  • MDoScanData() 808 performs malicious code/content data scanning.
  • Figure 11 illustrates a scanning subsystem API call sequence 1100, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • Table #7 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanOpen() 802.
  • Table #8 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanClose() 804.
  • Table #9 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanVersion() 806.
  • Exemplary Computer Code #2 illustrates a sample version information structure.
  • the mobile communication device identification string reported by MDoScanVersion() 806 is set using the device identification string returned by AlDevGetInfo. (See Appendix A).
  • Table #10 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanData() 808. Table #10
  • Table #11 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanUpdate() 810 .
  • the calling application program may set the function pointer and the data to be passed to the function when calling the function.
  • Table #12 Callback Reason (iReason) Description MDO_UCB_STATUS Callback is made to report update status.
  • pParam points to the SStatus structure.
  • SStatus.iCurrent contains amount of data received and iTotal reports the total update data size in bytes.
  • MDO_UCB_CANCEL Callback is made to see if update cancellation is set.
  • pParam points NULL.
  • the application program interface 800 includes a plurality of configuration components. Included is a set of functions used to retrieve and specify the scanning subsystem settings. One goal of these functions is to provide application programs and the scanning subsystem with centralized runtime configuration access.
  • the configuration data is stored in non-volatile persistent data storage (i.e. flash memory, etc.).
  • FIG. 12 illustrates one exemplary configuration API call sequence 1200, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • MDoConfigOpen() 830 returns a handle to be passed to the configuration retrieval and specification functions.
  • MDoConfigClose() 814 is used to release and close the configuration handle returned by MDoConfigOpen() 812.
  • MDoConfigSet() 818 sets a specified configuration variable with a specified value, and MDoConfigGet() 816 returns a configuration value for a specified variable.
  • Configuration variable(s) settings modified by MDoConfSet() 818 is not necessarily saved to the permanent storage until MDoConfigClose() 814 is called.
  • Application programs may call configuration open, get or set, and immediately follow with the close function when accessing and/or specifying a variable value.
  • the configuration variables and values specified/retrieved using the configuration components of the application program interface 800 may be represented in null-character (' ⁇ 0') terminated, 8-bit character strings.
  • Table #13 lists available configuration variables. Table #13 Configuration Variable Value/Example Description "ScanEnable” "0” disable scanning "1” enable scanning "UpdateURL” "http://update.mcafeeacsa.com/504i" Base-URL for signature for update (see section 0)
  • Table #14 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigOpen() 812. Table #14
  • Table #15 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigClose() 814. Table #15
  • Table #16 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigGet() 816.
  • Table #17 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigSet() 818. Table #17
  • the application programs may communicate information to the scanning subsystem to facilitate the scanning by the scanning subsystem. This communication may be facilitated via the API described above.
  • the foregoing information may relate to the type of data to be scanned, and the timing associated with such scanning. More description regarding the manner in which the above API accomplishes such will now be set forth.
  • the calling application program may supply the scanning subsystem with a scanning parameter using the SScanParam structure.
  • the information contained in the scan parameter provides the scanning subsystem with: 1) scanning subsystem action type (i.e. iAction), 2) the scan data type (i.e. the type of the application data to be scanned - iDataType), 3) data pointer to the scan target (i.e. pPrivate), 4) function to retrieve the data size in bytes (i.e. pfGetSize), 5) function to resize the scan data (i.e. pfSetSize), 6) function used by the scanning subsystem to retrieve a block of scan data (i.e. pfRead), 6) function used to write to the scan data (i.e. pfWrite), and 7) call-back function for scanning subsystem status/progress reporting (i.e. pfCallBack).
  • scanning subsystem action type i.e. iAction
  • the scan data type i.e. the type of
  • Exemplary Computer Code #4 illustrates a data scan parameter structure.
  • the scan action specifies the type of scanning to be performed on supplied application data.
  • Table #18 illustrates various exemplary scan actions.
  • Table #18 Scan Action ID Description MDO_SA_SCAN_ONLY The scanning subsystem performs scanning and reports malicious code found. No repairing will be performed. MDO_SA_SCAN_REPAIR After performing scanning, object containing malicious code will be repaired.
  • the calling application program may inform the scanning subsystem of the application data type and format using this variable.
  • Figure 13 illustrates various exemplary application data types 1300 which the application programs are capable of communicating to the scanning subsystem via the API.
  • the url-string format may conform to the Uniform Resource Locators (RFC 1738) specification.
  • the email-string format may conform with the Internet E-mail address format (RFC 822) specification.
  • the default domain may be set to any desired domain.
  • the phone-number string may include the numeric characters '0' through '9', and the '#' and '*' characters.
  • a pointer (or handle) to an application scan object is further provided.
  • the scanning subsystem does not necessarily perform direct memory I/O using this data pointer/handle.
  • the data pointer/handle is passed back to the caller to perform read/write using the caller specified I/O functions.
  • the present function is used by the scanning subsystem to obtain the scan target data size (in bytes) from the calling application program.
  • This function is used by the scanning subsystem to request the calling application program to resize the application data being repaired/cleaned to a given size (in bytes). This function may be used in conjunction with the scan-and-repair/delete option.
  • the instant function may be used by the scanning subsystem to read a specified amount of application data from the calling application program.
  • This function pointer may be set if the scan-action is set for repair or deletion.
  • the scanning subsystem calls the specified function with the information described in below table.
  • the callback function if returned with a negative return value, aborts the scanning process.
  • Table #19 sets forth an exemplary callback code list.
  • Table #19 Callback Reason ID Description MDO_CB_DETECTED Informs the calling application program a malicious code has been detected in the scan target.
  • the callback data argument 'arg' is set to pointer to a SCBArg structure.
  • MDO_CB_CLEAN_READY Informs the calling application program identified malware is ready to be cleaned/repaired.
  • the callback data argument 'arg' is set to pointer to a SCBArg structure.
  • Exemplary Computer Code #5 illustrates a scanning subsystem callback structure.
  • the result of object scanning, detected malware information is returned to the calling application program in the SScanResult structure provided by the calling application program.
  • the SScanResult structure contains a pointer to a structure that contains scan result information, and a pointer to a function used to remove the scan result resource.
  • the memory used to hold the scan result is allocated by the scanning subsystem and freed by calling the function pointed by the pfDeleteResult pointer.
  • Computer Code #6 illustrates a sample calling sequence.
  • Exemplary Computer Code #7 illustrates a detected malicious code/content information structure
  • Exemplary Computer Code #8 illustrates a scan result structure.
  • Figure 14 shows a bit-field variable 1400 containing malware severity flags and application program behavior levels included in the SDetect structure, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment.
  • Table #20 sets forth an exemplary malware severity class list. Table #20 Severity Flag Description MDO_SC_USER Detected malware is harmful to the user. MDO_SC_TERMINAL Detected malware is harmful to the device.
  • the scanning subsystem sets the MDO_SC_USER flag, if the scanned application data contains malware harmful to the user of the mobile communication device.
  • MDO_SC_TERMINAL flag is set if it is harmful to the mobile communication device itself.
  • Both MDO_SC_USER and MDO_SC_TERMINAL flags are set if it is harmful to both the user and the mobile communication device.
  • the application program behavior level specifies what to do with the application data containing the detected malware.
  • Table #21 lists the behavior level values and corresponding actions by the application program.
  • Table #21 Behavior Level Description MDO_BC_LEVEL0 Process with a warning. This severity level may be assigned to data previously considered malicious.
  • MDO_BC_LEVEL1 Prompt the user before processing. Ask the user if he/she wants the application to process the data.
  • MDO_BC_LEVEL2 Do not process the data.
  • MDO_BC_LEVEL3 Do not process the data and prompt user for removal. If the content is stored on the device, prompt the user for permission before removal.
  • MDO_BC_LEVEL4 Do not process the data and automatically remove if stored.
  • the calling application program When multiple malicious codes are found in a scanned application data, the calling application program is expected to act with the highest behavior level. For example, if both MDO_BC_LEVEL0 and MDO_BC_LEVEL3 are reported, the application program may take on MDO_BC_LEVEL3 actions.
  • Figure 15 illustrates a chart 1500 setting forth the manner in which the timing of scanning by the scanning subsystem varies as a function of the data types identified via the variables of Figure 13 .
  • the update process may be streamlined to accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks. More information regarding the various ways that this may be accomplished will now be set forth.
  • the MDoScanUpdate function provides two components [i.e. malicious code detection logic (mdo.pd) and signature database (mdo.sdb)] with update service.
  • One component i.e. mdo.pd
  • Another component i.e. mdo.sdb
  • a full update for the second component may be performed on mobile communication devices with versions older than n. For example, if n is set to 5, and the latest version is 20, then a full update is performed on mobile communication devices with a version older than 15.
  • FIG 16 illustrates an exemplary flow 1600 describing the manner in which the update is initiated by a user interface, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the virus pattern update may be initiated by the mobile communication device user by selecting a menu entry via a user interface 1602. Once the user selects the update menu, an update application 1604 is activated and connects to a back end server via the appropriate update interface function 1606.
  • the update library may communicate with the back end server via HTTP protocol.
  • Figure 17 illustrates a method 1700 for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the present method 1700 may be implemented in the context of the application programs, scanning subsystem, and operating system of the architecture 300 of Figure 3 and systems of Figures 1 and 2 . It should be noted, however, that the present method 1700 may be implemented in any desired context.
  • a request for an update may be sent from at least one mobile communication device to a back-end server.
  • the update may be sent without a request.
  • the update may be requested by the mobile communication device utilizing a request data structure.
  • data structure may include variables such as a uniform resource locator (URL) variable, mobile communication identifier variable, an application program interface version variable, a detection logic variable, a signature version variable, and/or a portion number variable.
  • URL uniform resource locator
  • Table #22 illustrates an exemplary URL that may be used for such purpose.
  • Table #22 ⁇ BASE-URL> update server URL obtained using the MDoConfigGet function (see section 0) ⁇ DEV-ID> Mobile communication device identifier; returned by the AlDevGetInfo function.
  • Table #23 illustrates a specific example of a URL that conforms with the above description.
  • the above URL of Table #23 specifies base-URL "http://update.mcafeeacsa.com/504i", "X504i05” as the device identifier, API version 2, malicious code detection logic version 3, and signature database version 56. It should be noted that the "chunk,” or portion, number may be set to 1 when the mobile communication device initially contacts the back end server. Also, the base-URL may be obtained using the MDoConfigGet API using the "UpdateURL" configuration variable.
  • the back end server After receiving the request, the back end server determines which update package needs to be downloaded by comparing stored malicious code detection logic and signature database versions with the version information encoded in the URL.
  • the backend returns a no-content response.
  • the mobile communication device receives the response as the first portion. If it is determined that the first portion includes the foregoing no-content response (see decision 1702 ), the method 1700 is terminated, as there is no update to download. Such feature is beneficial in accommodating the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks.
  • the method 1700 is continued by receiving additional portions of the update subsequent to (or possibly in parallel with) the receipt of the first portion of the update. Note operations 1704-1708. It should be noted that the first portion may be accompanied with the total package size and portion count information.
  • the portion number of the download URL may be modified.
  • Table #24 illustrates a specific example of a URL that specifies portion number "3.”
  • integrity of the update may be determined. Accordingly, the update may be conditionally installed with the scanning subsystem, based on whether the integrity of the update is verified.
  • the integrity of the update may be determined utilizing a signature.
  • Such signature may be received with one of the portions (i.e. a last portion) of the update. Then, the signature may be compared against another signature generated utilizing each of the portions of the update. Note operation 1710.
  • the signature may be generated using a RSA private key and authenticated on the mobile communication device using a corresponding public key included in the update.
  • the signature verification and generation may further be performed using a specified authentication library.
  • any scanning being performed by the scanning subsystem is paused, or halted. Note operation 1712. It should be noted that such pausing may be optional.
  • the update may be installed with the scanning subsystem. Note operation 1714.
  • the scanning may subsequently be resumed utilizing the scanning subsystem upon the update being installed with the scanning subsystem. See operation 1716.
  • a size of the portions of the update may be minimized.
  • the portions of the update may be compressed.
  • a format of each portion of the update may be designed to accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks. More information will now be set forth regarding such format.
  • Table #25 illustrates an exemplary format for downloading the portions of the update.
  • Each part is made up of a header and data.
  • Such header may indicate an identifier of the associated portion of the update, a length of the associated portion of the update, etc.
  • the header may specify the contained data name and length, and be separated from the actual data with an extra CR+LF pair.
  • Table #27 sets forth exemplary data/content names associated with the header. Table #27 Component Name Description "pd" detection logic "sdb" signature database update
  • Table #28 illustrates an exemplary update package.
  • a platform-independent system and associated method are provided for use with a mobile communication device. Included is a platform- independent scanning subsystem in communication with the operating system of a mobile communication device for scanning purposes. Further provided is a platform- independent application program interface for interfacing the operating system and the scanning subsystem.
  • the platform-independent application program interface includes an abstract library for porting the platform-independent scanning subsystem to the mobile communication device and associated operating system.
  • the scanning subsystem may be platform-independent, and thus be capable of being implemented on any type of operating system/mobile communication device combination.
  • the abstract library may support system initialization, library initialization, error functions, memory allocation, input/output (I/O), data authentication, synchronization, hypertext transfer protocol, shared memory, system time, device information, and debugging. More exemplary information relating to one optional implementation of the foregoing application program interface is set forth in Appendix A.
  • the present application program interface includes the following subsystems:
  • a layer for use in the API library.
  • AlLibrarySysInit This function is designed to be called from the MDoSystemInit () function described earlier.
  • the platform abstraction API library is initialized using the Al InitLibrary () function.
  • the abstraction library is to be initialized once before an abstraction API function is called.
  • the system resource obtained and initialized by AlInitLibrary () is released when the AlCleanupLibrary () function is called.
  • the AL library includes a set of error functions used to set and retrieve task/thread specific error codes. It is the responsibility of the abstraction layer implementer to set appropriate error codes and component codes.
  • An error reported using the AlSetLastError function is a 32-bit value formed by combining a component code with an error code.
  • the error set at the AL level is retrieved using the MDoGetLastError function to take an appropriate action when an error occurs.
  • the abstraction layer provides a heap memory allocation API for a calling application program (i.e. a "caller") to dynamically allocate memory needed.
  • the allocated memory is assumed to be globally sharable which can be accessed by multiple applications/tasks.
  • the AlMemAlloc () and AlMemFree () API functions provide allocation and deallocation of the heap memory.
  • Function Description void* AlMemAlloc ( unsigned int uSize) allocate a block of dynamic memory void AlMemFree ( void* ptr) free memory allocated using AlMemAlloc
  • the persistent storage (i.e. flash memory) access is performed using a file I/O API. See below: Name Description AL_FILE_HANDLE AlFileOpen ( char const* pszFilename, int iMode) open, create if necessary, specified file and return its handle void AlFileClose ( AL FILE HANDLE hFile) close file handle returned by AlFileOpen () unsigned int AlFileSeek( AL_FILE_HANDLE hFile) reposition file offset unsigned int AlFileRead( AL_FILE_HANDLE hFile, void* pBuffer, unsigned int uSize) read from a file handle unsigned int AlFileWrite( AL_FILE_HANDLE hFile, void const * pBuffer, unsigned int uSize) write to a file handle int AlFileSetSize ( AL_FILE_HANDLE hFile, unsigned int uS
  • the file handle type AL_FILE_HANDLE is defined as
  • the file status buffer type AlStatBuf is defined as
  • the platform abstraction API includes a set of functions for authenticating data.
  • the data authentication API is used to validate downloaded malware signature database.
  • AlDaGetSignerInfo is used to retrieve a signer information.
  • AlDaClose is used to close and release data authentication handle and related system resources.
  • AL_DA_HANDLE AlDaOpen ( const void *pSig, unsigned int uSigSize) Obtain data authentication handle from a given signature/certificate void AlDaClose ( AL_DA_HANDLE hHandle) Close data authentication handle obtained using AlDaOpen ( ) AlDaVerify( AL_DA_HANDLE hDA, int (*pfRead)(void *, void *, int), void *pPrivate) Data authentication function.
  • the caller provides a data retrieval method via callback function.
  • int AlDaGetSignerInfo ( AL_DA_HANDLE hDA, DaSignerInfo *pDSI) retrieve signer information.
  • the data authentication handle returned by the AlDaOpen () function is defined as
  • the signer information structure is defined as
  • a set of functions that provide HTTP network I/O using a caller provided callback structure is a set of functions that provide HTTP network I/O using a caller provided callback structure.
  • void AlHttpClose ( AL_HTTP_HANDLE hHandle) Close HTTP I/O handle.
  • int AlHttpExec AL_HTTP_HANDLE hHandle, char const* pszMethod, char const* pszURL, AlHttpCallbacks* pHttpCb, void* pPrivate
  • the callback functions given in the above HTTP callback structure provide the following functionalities: pWrite Called by the system HTTP library to store incoming HTTP request data. pRead Used to retrieve application data to be sent as part of an HTTP request. pGetSize Provides the HTTP library with application's content data size, "Content-Length”. pSetSize Called by the HTTP library to inform calling application with incoming content data length when available.
  • the location of the system memory where the library's shared objects are stored is obtained using the AlShmAddress () function.
  • This shared information area is allocated/prepared at device boot time and referenced by different instances of the library.
  • AlTmGetCurrent () provides callers with the current system time in seconds.

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