EP1629070A1 - Element combustible - Google Patents

Element combustible

Info

Publication number
EP1629070A1
EP1629070A1 EP04724322A EP04724322A EP1629070A1 EP 1629070 A1 EP1629070 A1 EP 1629070A1 EP 04724322 A EP04724322 A EP 04724322A EP 04724322 A EP04724322 A EP 04724322A EP 1629070 A1 EP1629070 A1 EP 1629070A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel element
composition
accelerant
combustible material
solid fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04724322A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Chad Daniel Lehman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Invest In Property 19 Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Invest In Property 19 Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Invest In Property 19 Pty Ltd filed Critical Invest In Property 19 Pty Ltd
Publication of EP1629070A1 publication Critical patent/EP1629070A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to solid fuel. More particularly, it relates to a solid fuel element and to a method of manufacturing a solid fuel element.
  • the invention extends to an accelerant composition for use in the manufacture of a solid fuel element.
  • the Applicant is aware of prior art in which a flammable liquid is incorporated into a charcoal briquette which is then coated with a coating.
  • the Applicant believes that the present invention will dispense with the need for a coating to contain a volatile flammable liquid absorbed by a briquette within the briquette, by employing an evaporation inhibiting agent in combination with the liquid fuel/flammable liquid, thereby to inhibit evaporation of the liquid fuel absorbed into the briquette.
  • a solid fuel element which includes a body of combustible material which is impregnated with an accelerant composition, including a liquid fuel and an evaporation inhibiting agent selected from thermoplastic elastomers, organic derivatives of clays, zirconium acetate and aluminium octanoate.
  • an accelerant composition including a liquid fuel and an evaporation inhibiting agent selected from thermoplastic elastomers, organic derivatives of clays, zirconium acetate and aluminium octanoate.
  • accelerant composition is meant an inflammable composition which serves as a combustion aid or combustion promoter when the solid fuel element is ignited and when it burns.
  • the term 'evaporation inhibiting agent' is to be understood to mean an agent that reduces the tendency of the fuel to evaporate, for example, by increasing its viscosity.
  • the body of combustible material may be a briquette made of a compressed combustible material.
  • the compressed combustible material may be carbonaceous material, such as charcoal or coal dust.
  • the body will be a compressed charcoal briquette of the type used for outdoor cooking.
  • the compressed combustible material may be cellulosic material, such as, for example, wood shavings.
  • the body of combustible material may instead be of coal or solid charcoal.
  • the body may be sealed with a flammable sealant. More particularly, the body may be sealed with a flammable sealant in the form of a hydrocarbon wax composition, such as, for example, a paraffin wax/resin blend.
  • a hydrocarbon wax composition such as, for example, a paraffin wax/resin blend.
  • the sealant may at least partially be diffused through/permeate a surface of the body. Preferably, a major portion of the sealant is disposed beneath the surface of the body.
  • the liquid fuel may be a liquid paraffin. More particularly, the liquid fuel may be selected from C 9 to C 13 paraffins and mixtures of C 9 to C
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent may be a thermoplastic elastomer.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer may be a rubber-styrene copolymer. More particularly, the rubber-styrene copolymer may be a copolymer of an olefinic rubber and styrene.
  • the olefinic rubber may be selected from polyethylene/butylene and polyethylene/propylene.
  • the rubber-styrene copolymer includes at least 33 % by mass of styrene component. It may, for example, be the rubber-styrene copolymer available under the trade mark KRATON G Polymer from KRATON Polymers.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer may form part of a blend comprising the thermoplastic elastomer and an oil, such as, for example, a mineral oil.
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent may be an organic derivative of a clay. More particularly, the evaporation inhibiting agent may be an organic derivative of a bentonite clay, such as that available under the trade mark BENTONE SD-1 or BENTONE 34 from Elementis Specialties. Naturally, however, any other suitable evaporation inhibiting agent, including zirconium acetate and/or aluminium octanoate, may be used.
  • a solid fuel element which includes a body of combustible material having a seal of a flammable sealant, a major portion of which is disposed beneath the surface of the body.
  • the flammable sealant may be in the form of a hydrocarbon wax composition.
  • the hydrocarbon wax composition may be a paraffin wax/resin blend.
  • the seal may be of a hydrocarbon wax composition such as, for example, a paraffin wax/resin blend.
  • the body of combustible material may be as hereinbefore described.
  • a method of making a solid fuel element which method includes the step of at least partially immersing a body of combustible material in an accelerant composition, including a liquid fuel and an evaporation inhibiting agent selected from thermoplastic elastomers, organic derivatives of clays, zirconium acetate and aluminium octanoate, so that at least some of the accelerant composition is absorbed by the combustible material to produce an accelerant-impregnated body of combustible material.
  • an accelerant composition including a liquid fuel and an evaporation inhibiting agent selected from thermoplastic elastomers, organic derivatives of clays, zirconium acetate and aluminium octanoate, so that at least some of the accelerant composition is absorbed by the combustible material to produce an accelerant-impregnated body of combustible material.
  • the liquid fuel may be a liquid paraffin. More particularly, the liquid fuel may be selected from C 9 to C 13 paraffins and mixtures of C 9 to C 13 paraffins.
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent may be a thermoplastic elastomer, as hereinbefore described.
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent may be an organic derivative of a bentonite clay as hereinbefore described.
  • the body of combustible material may be solid charcoal or a briquette of compressed charcoal.
  • the method may include the prior step of compressing granular charcoal to form the briquette.
  • the body of combustible material may be a briquette of compressed cellulosic material, such as wood shavings, or of compressed granular coal, the method then including the prior step of compressing the cellulosic material or granular coal to form the briquette.
  • the method may include the step of subjecting the body of combustible material to reduced pressure prior to immersing the body in said accelerant composition.
  • the method may include subjecting the body of combustible material to a reduced pressure in the course of immersing the body in said accelerant composition.
  • the body of combustible material may be subjected to a reduced pressure of between about 96 kPa and about 99 kPa, preferably between about 97 kPa and about 98 kPa.
  • the method may include the step of subjecting the body of combustible material to increased pressure in the course of immersing the body in said accelerant composition.
  • the body may be subjected to a pressure of between about 1 36 kPa and about 1 0 kPa, preferably between about 1 37 kPa and 1 38 kPa. Typically, the body is subjected to increased pressure following subjection to reduced pressure.
  • the body of combustible material may be at least partially immersed in the accelerant composition for a period of between about twenty seconds and about four minutes.
  • the method may further include sealing the accelerant- impregnated body of combustible material with a sealing material, thereby to seal the accelerant composition absorbed into the combustible material.
  • the sealing material may be a hydrocarbon material, such as, for example, a hydrocarbon/paraffin wax composition. Applying the sealing may then include at least partially immersing the accelerant- impregnated body of combustible material in a bath of molten hydrocarbon wax composition.
  • the accelerant-impregnated body of combustible material may be at least partially immersed in the bath of molten wax composition for a period of between about five seconds and about thirty seconds.
  • an accelerant composition which includes an evaporation inhibiting agent selected from a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic elastomer/oil blend, an organic derivative of a clay, zirconium acetate and aluminium octanoate; and a liquid fuel.
  • an evaporation inhibiting agent selected from a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic elastomer/oil blend, an organic derivative of a clay, zirconium acetate and aluminium octanoate.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer may be pre-blended with an oil, eg. a mineral oil, to form an oil gel.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer may be as hereinbefore described. More particularly, the thermoplastic elastomer may be a styrene block polymer, such as the elastomer available under the trade mark KRATON G Polymer from KRATON Polymers.
  • the organic derivative of a clay may be an organic derivative of a bentonite clay such as that available under the trade mark BENTONE SD-1 or BENTONE 34 from Elementis Specialties.
  • the liquid fuel may be a liquid paraffin. More particularly, the liquid fuel may be selected from C 9 to C 13 paraffins and mixtures of C g to C 13 paraffins.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional perspective view of a solid fuel element in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic flow diagram depicting a method of making a solid fuel element in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of an installation for use in a method of making a solid fuel element in accordance with the invention.
  • reference numeral 10 generally indicates a fuel element in accordance with the invention.
  • the fuel element 1 0 includes a body 1 2 of compressed charcoal.
  • the fuel element has a body of other combustible materials, such as solid charcoal, coal or a material comprised mainly of solid cellulosic material, eg wood shavings.
  • the body 1 2 is impregnated with an accelerant composition comprising a mixture of a liquid fuel and an evaporation inhibiting agent (not shown).
  • the liquid fuel is a mixture of C 9 to C 13 liquid paraffins derived from coal.
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent is the thermoplastic elastomer KRATON G Polymer (trade mark), a rubber-styrene copolymer available from KRATON Polymers.
  • the KRATON G Polymer may form part of an oil gel blend comprising the polymer and a mineral oil. Instead, the liquid fuel may be mixed directly with the KRATON G Polymer, eg. by use of a static mixer or a high shear mixer.
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent is the organoclay, BENTONE SD-1 or BENTONE 34 (trade marks), both available from Elementis Specialties.
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent is provided by zirconium acetate and/or aluminium octanoate.
  • the evaporation inhibiting agent typically serves to increase the viscosity of the liquid fuel in the accelerant composition and to reduce the vapour pressure of the liquid fuel thereby to reduce evaporation of the liquid fuel. It will be appreciated that the accelerant composition tends to have a higher boiling point than that of the liquid fuel as a result of the presence of the evaporation inhibiting agent which has a high melting point.
  • the accelerant composition is absorbed into a core 1 6 of the body 1 2.
  • the body 1 2 is sealed with a sealing of a flammable solid hydrocarbon wax composition shown at 1 4, typically, a paraffin wax/resin blend such as that available under the trade/product name EXP 1 456 from Sasol Wax (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd.
  • the bulk of the composition 14 penetrates the surface to a depth of between about 0,5 mm and about 1 mm, although the depth of penetration may vary from batch to batch of fuel elements 1 0.
  • the fuel element 10 was prepared by a continuous-feed process.
  • Figure 2 of the drawings depicts the process diagrammatically and in which one tonne of briquettes was fed, via a dust extractor, onto a wire mesh conveyor at 30.
  • the conveyor was passed over a vibrating table at 31 where the briquettes were sorted to assume flat orientations on the wire mesh conveyor.
  • the briquettes were passed, on the conveyor, below the surface of a bath of accelerant composition at 32, and were submerged for about 3 minutes so that each briquette absorbed about 1 5 ml of accelerant composition.
  • the accelerant composition here comprised a mixture of C 9 - C 13 liquid paraffins with KRATON G Polymer, the composition containing 3 % by mass KRATON G Polymer and the balance C 9 - C 13 liquid paraffins and having a melting point of about 1 00 °C.
  • the bath was maintained at approximately the same temperature (i.e. 1 00° C) by means of a heat exchanger, through which the accelerant composition was circulated.
  • Sensors provided by thermocouples, were employed to sense the temperature of the bath and set a rate of circulation of accelerant composition through the heat exchanger thereby to maintain the bath at a temperature of about 100 °C.
  • the briquettes were passed above the surface of the bath on the conveyor and transported over a drip-off area at 34, where drippings of accelerant composition were recovered for return to the bath at 32 for re-use.
  • the briquettes were allowed to stand for about 5 seconds to allow their temperature to drop to just below 1 00 °C before being transported by the conveyor below the surface of a further bath of liquid EXP 1 456 paraffin wax/resin blend, for about 5 seconds at 36.
  • the briquettes were finally conveyed out of the bath and allowed to cool so that the wax composition solidified.
  • the briquettes were subjected to forced cooling to accelerate solidification of the wax composition.
  • each briquette is at a temperature of just below 1 00 °C prior to immersion in the wax composition, the hot wax composition diffuses through the surface of the briquette and solidifies largely thereunder (see reference numeral 1 4 in Figure 1 ).
  • the wax composition may in addition form a coating (not shown) on the surface.
  • the briquettes would typically be placed in a vibratory basket. Dust collection would take place below the basket prior to submerging the basket in a bath of the accelerant composition. The basket of briquettes would then typically be raised and removed from the bath of accelerant composition and allowed to drip. To permit the contact of most, if not all, of the briquettes in the basket with the accelerant composition, flow passages would typically be defined through the basket, for example, the basket may define an annular cavity for holding briquettes around a central flow passage.
  • the basket containing the briquettes would then be dipped into a bath of hot paraffin wax/resin blend and removed and vibrated to remove excess wax.
  • the temperature of the briquettes during wax dipping will be greater than a solidification temperature of the wax blend such that the wax blend permeates the surface of the briquettes.
  • the contents of the basket would be emptied out onto a conveyor and passed over a vibrating table.
  • reference numeral 50 refers generally to an installation for use in a method/process for making a fuel element 1 0 in accordance with the invention, and, unless otherwise indicated, the same reference numerals used above are used to designate similar parts.
  • the installation 50 includes an accelerant composition storage tank 52, for containing accelerant composition as hereinbefore described, and a sealant storage tank 54, for containing a paraffin wax/resin blend sealant as hereinbefore described.
  • the installation 50 further includes a treatment vessel 56.
  • Each of the storage tanks 52, 54 defines an outlet 58, 60 which is connected in flow communication, via a conduit 62, 64, respectively, defining a flow path, with a port 66 defined at an operatively lower end 68 of the treatment vessel 56.
  • a valve 70, 72 is mounted in each of the flow paths 62, 64, proximate the port 66, for controlling flow of accelerant composition and sealant into and from the treatment vessel 56 via the port 66.
  • Each of a vacuum pump 74 and a pressure pump 76 are connected in flow communication with the treatment vessel 56.
  • Pressure valves 78, 80 are disposed between the vacuum pump 74 and the treatment vessel 56 and the pressure pump 76 and the treatment vessel 56, respectively.
  • the accelerant composition is heated in the storage tank 52 to a temperature of 1 00 degrees Celsius by a heating element 82 mounted in the vessel 52.
  • the sealant is heated to a temperature of 1 50 degrees Celsius by a heating element 84 mounted in the vessel 54. Both the accelerant composition and the sealant are agitated in their respective vessels 52, 54 to promote even temperature distribution.
  • Briquettes 1 00 are loaded into a basket 90 comprising a metal framework and wire mesh side walls (not shown) and the basket 90 is inserted into the treatment vessel 56.
  • operatively upright helical rods 92 are mounted in the basket 90, surfaces thereof providing a fluid flow path between the briquettes 1 00 received in the basket 90.
  • the vessel 56 is sealed fluid-tight and the valve 78 opened.
  • a vacuum is induced within the treatment vessel 56 by the vacuum pump 74.
  • sub-atmospheric pressure of between 97 kPa and 98 kPa is induced in the treatment vessel 56.
  • the vacuum serves to exhaust air from interstices defined in the briquettes 100 between particles of the compressed material of which they are comprised.
  • the vacuum is typically maintained for about one minute prior to opening the valve 70.
  • the vacuum is maintained whilst the valve 70 is opened and accelerant composition is drawn from the storage tank 52, via the port 66, into the treatment vessel 56, rising until it covers the briquettes 100 held within the basket 90.
  • the valve 70 is closed once the briquettes 100 are completely submerged and the briquettes 1 00 are held in the accelerant composition under the vacuum conditions of 97 kPa to 98 kPa for about thirty seconds.
  • the valve 78 is then closed and the valve 80 opened and the vessel 56 is now subjected to a pressure above atmospheric pressure of between 1 37 kPa and 1 38 kPa. The vacuum is thus released whilst the briquettes 1 00 are submerged in the accelerant composition.
  • accelerant composition is drawn into the briquettes 1 00 and continues to migrate into the briquettes 1 00 as the vessel 56 is pressurised to 1 37 kPa to 1 38 kPa.
  • the installation 50 includes a pneumatic vibrator 94 coupled to the pressure pump 76, a valve 96 being mounted in line between the pressure pump 76 and the vibrator 94 selectively to activate and deactivate the pneumatic vibrator 94.
  • valve 78 is then opened once more and a vacuum drawn.
  • the valve 72 is opened and wax sealant is drawn from the tank 54 into the treatment vessel 56 via the port 66 and rises within the vessel 56 until the briquettes 1 00 are covered.
  • the valves 72, 78 are closed sequentially and the briquettes 1 00 are held in the wax composition for about twenty seconds so that the wax composition migrates beneath the surfaces of the briquettes 1 00.
  • the briquettes 1 00 are typically maintained at a temperature above the solidification temperature of the wax composition so that the wax composition migrates beneath the surfaces of the briquettes 100 and solidifies thereunder to provide a subsurface sealing layer 14.
  • Excess wax is thereafter evacuated under pressure from the vessel 56 by opening the valve 72 and the valve 80.
  • the pneumatic vibrator 94 is typically activated to agitate the basket 90 thereby to remove excess wax from the basket 90 and briquettes 100 therein.
  • the valves 72, 80 and 96 are sequentially closed when all excess wax has been evacuated.
  • the briquettes 1 00 having been impregnated with accelerant composition and sealed with a subsurface wax/resin blend to yield fuel elements 1 0 of the invention, are removed from the vessel 56 and cooled to ambient temperature prior to packaging thereof.
  • the Applicant believes that the vacuum applied prior to submersing the briquettes 1 00 in accelerant composition in the abovedescribed method facilitates absorption of the viscous accelerant composition into the briquettes 1 00 by expelling air from interstices in the briquettes 1 00. Further, the pressure applied to the briquettes 1 00 whilst submerged in the accelerant composition enhances absorption of accelerant composition, such that a saturated briquette 100 can be yielded.
  • the waxy sealant 1 4 imparts a waterproof property to the fuel element 1 0.
  • the sealant 1 4 serves to seal the accelerant composition in the body 1 2. It is an advantage of the present invention that the sealant is largely disposed beneath the surface of the fuel element 1 0 as the sealant is not susceptible to chipping off in as much as a surface coating would be.
  • the Applicant believes that the fuel element 10 of the invention will provide a self-lighting and combustible fuel element 10, dispensing with the need to employ fire lighters, which can be costly and ineffective, in igniting briquettes.
  • the fuel element 1 0 is capable of ignition typically by use of a single match and yields a smouldering coal, in which the flame has burnt out within a short period of about 1 0 minutes. This in turn lends the fuel element 1 0 to use in preparing a fire suited to barbecuing within a relatively shorter time span of about 20 minutes than is the case with conventional briquettes.
  • the Applicant believes that fuel elements 1 0 of the invention will provide an inexpensive and effective means for generating an even bed of coals and will afford sustainable burning. Further, the fuel elements 1 0 permit of handling thereof without associated fouling or soiling of the hands of a user as is the case with conventional briquettes/coal.
  • the fuel element 1 0 of the invention is more suitable for use in a semi-enclosed cooking area such as a patio than conventional briquettes as the fuel element 1 0 of the invention is clean burning, being virtually smokeless due to the accelerant composition's ability to ignite the body of combustible material completely.
  • This in turn, it is believed, will offer the advantage that each fuel element 1 0 burns completely, making for even heat and the use of fewer briquettes. Further, no toxic fumes are emitted during burning of the fuel element 1 0.
  • Both the accelerant composition and wax/resin sealant of the fuel element 1 0 of the invention are suited to use as ingredients in articles intended for food contact, such that the fuel elements 10 are suited for use in cooking, more particularly, barbecuing food.
  • the accelerant composition is virtually odorless.
  • the Applicant believes that the fuel elements 1 0 of the invention, with their protective sealant, will have an extended shelf life and be resistant to damage, resulting in fewer broken briquettes. The Applicant believes that the materials used in the fuel elements 10 will not be hazardous for transport.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Elément combustible solide (10) comprenant un corps (12) en matériau combustible imprégné d'une composition accélératrice, comprenant un combustible liquide et un agent inhibant l'évaporation. Selon un mode de réalisation, le corps (12) est scellé à l'aide d'un produit de scellement inflammable (14). L'invention se rapport également à un procédé de fabrication d'un élément combustible solide.
EP04724322A 2003-03-31 2004-03-30 Element combustible Withdrawn EP1629070A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200302510 2003-03-31
PCT/IB2004/000945 WO2004087845A1 (fr) 2003-03-31 2004-03-30 Element combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1629070A1 true EP1629070A1 (fr) 2006-03-01

Family

ID=33132337

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04724322A Withdrawn EP1629070A1 (fr) 2003-03-31 2004-03-30 Element combustible

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20060236599A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1629070A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2004225714A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2521023A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA007856B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004087845A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080134572A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Bao Tai Cui Method for Making a Combustible Fuel Composition
US9127840B2 (en) * 2011-06-21 2015-09-08 The Pathfinder School Llc Methods and devices for producing fire tinder
US9932537B2 (en) 2015-09-22 2018-04-03 Martin J. Schunk Wilderness survival device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208520A (en) * 1963-01-03 1965-09-28 Phillips Petroleum Co In situ combustion initiation
US4095957A (en) * 1977-03-22 1978-06-20 Orsing J H Fuel element
US4443227A (en) * 1982-06-28 1984-04-17 Avedikian Souren Z Instant starting briquettes
JPS6222895A (ja) * 1985-07-22 1987-01-31 Norio Ohashi 固形燃料
US4878922A (en) * 1987-03-24 1989-11-07 A And A Realty Company Fireplace starter composition
US5819945A (en) * 1995-08-31 1998-10-13 University Of British Columbia Bimodal dense medium for fine particles separation in a dense medium cyclone
US6159254A (en) * 1997-02-24 2000-12-12 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation Wax composition for forming candles
US6508849B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2003-01-21 La Corde De Bois Inc. Fire starter as sole fuel to quickly ignite a log of wood
JP4032656B2 (ja) * 2001-03-16 2008-01-16 東レ株式会社 樹脂成形品およびその製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2004087845A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA007856B1 (ru) 2007-02-27
EA200501520A1 (ru) 2006-02-24
AU2004225714A1 (en) 2004-10-14
US20060236599A1 (en) 2006-10-26
CA2521023A1 (fr) 2004-10-14
WO2004087845A1 (fr) 2004-10-14

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