EP1628844A1 - Non-rigid rear axle comprising actuators - Google Patents

Non-rigid rear axle comprising actuators

Info

Publication number
EP1628844A1
EP1628844A1 EP04742775A EP04742775A EP1628844A1 EP 1628844 A1 EP1628844 A1 EP 1628844A1 EP 04742775 A EP04742775 A EP 04742775A EP 04742775 A EP04742775 A EP 04742775A EP 1628844 A1 EP1628844 A1 EP 1628844A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
vehicle
wheel support
arm
wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04742775A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Thoraval
Philippe Doublet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP1628844A1 publication Critical patent/EP1628844A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D17/00—Means on vehicles for adjusting camber, castor, or toe-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
    • B60G21/02—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected
    • B60G21/04—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically
    • B60G21/05—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically between wheels on the same axle but on different sides of the vehicle, i.e. the left and right wheel suspensions being interconnected
    • B60G21/051—Trailing arm twist beam axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
    • B60G21/02—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected
    • B60G21/04—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically
    • B60G21/05—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically between wheels on the same axle but on different sides of the vehicle, i.e. the left and right wheel suspensions being interconnected
    • B60G21/051—Trailing arm twist beam axles
    • B60G21/052—Mounting means therefor
    • B60G21/053—Mounting means therefor adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/20—Semi-rigid axle suspensions
    • B60G2200/21—Trailing arms connected by a torsional beam, i.e. twist-beam axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/40—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions
    • B60G2200/44—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions steerable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/40—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions
    • B60G2200/445—Self-steered wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/40—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions
    • B60G2200/462—Toe-in/out
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/13—Torsion spring
    • B60G2202/136—Twist-beam type arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
    • B60G2202/42—Electric actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
    • B60G2202/43—Mechanical actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/124—Mounting of coil springs
    • B60G2204/1246—Mounting of coil springs on twist beam axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/143—Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/143—Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis
    • B60G2204/1434—Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis in twist-beam axles arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/148—Mounting of suspension arms on the unsprung part of the vehicle, e.g. wheel knuckle or rigid axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/421—Pivoted lever mechanisms for mounting suspension elements, e.g. Watt linkage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/422—Links for mounting suspension elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/43—Fittings, brackets or knuckles
    • B60G2204/4302—Fittings, brackets or knuckles for fixing suspension arm on the vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/62—Adjustable continuously, e.g. during driving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/10—Constructional features of arms
    • B60G2206/11—Constructional features of arms the arm being a radius or track or torque or steering rod or stabiliser end link
    • B60G2206/111—Constructional features of arms the arm being a radius or track or torque or steering rod or stabiliser end link of adjustable length
    • B60G2206/1114—Self-adjustable during driving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/20—Constructional features of semi-rigid axles, e.g. twist beam type axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/30—Constructional features of rigid axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/50—Constructional features of wheel supports or knuckles, e.g. steering knuckles, spindle attachments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible rear axle with actuator for a motor vehicle and a corresponding vehicle.
  • the invention is more particularly intended for vehicles with four steered wheels.
  • a flexible rear axle of a vehicle generally comprises two longitudinal oscillating arms which each carry a wheel at one of their ends, and which are articulated at their other end on the body of the vehicle.
  • Elastic damping means bearing on the arms elastically support the bodywork and an elastically torsionally deformable anti-roll crossbar is rigidly connected at its ends to the two arms.
  • the wheel deflection is defined as the angle formed between the wheel plane and the longitudinal plane of the vehicle, in a horizontal plane.
  • a clamp when turning, when the front of the wheel moves inwards (respectively outside), this is called a clamp (respectively opening).
  • cornering the rear wheels of a vehicle are subjected to lateral forces in the direction of the turn.
  • a flexible axle when turning to the right, respectively to the left, the left outer wheel, respectively right, tends to take the opening.
  • Such steering of the wheels is a factor contributing to reducing the stability of the vehicle.
  • Vehicles with four steering wheels have a device for controlling the steering of the rear wheels when cornering in order to improve stability.
  • multi-link axles are generally used.
  • the latter however, have a large size which may prove incompatible with the architecture of the vehicle, for example the presence of a spare tire. They also have the disadvantage of being heavy and more expensive than a flexible axle.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a flexible rear axle in which the rear wheels are driven in rotation, with a small amplitude, when turning in the same direction as the front wheels, which improves the stability of the vehicle. .
  • the structure of a flexible axle makes it possible to disengage from the space constraints of multi-link axles, for example to free a housing for a spare wheel.
  • the object of the invention relates to a flexible rear axle for a motor vehicle comprising two longitudinal oscillating arms each articulated to a wheel support at their end directed towards the rear of the vehicle and the other end of which is articulated at the vehicle body, said arms being connected by a cross member, characterized in that each longitudinal arm is connected to the adjacent wheel support by at least one actuator, said actuators being able to rotate each wheel support relative to an axis substantially vertical.
  • each actuator comprises an axially displaceable rod and extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the corresponding longitudinal arm, and in that an elastic articulation connects the end of said rod to an end of the corresponding wheel support so that the displacement of the rod causes the rotation of the wheel support around a substantially vertical axis. The rotation of each wheel can then be easily controlled and controlled according to the displacement of the rod of each actuator.
  • each wheel support comprises an arm extending substantially parallel to the plane of the wheel in a substantially horizontal plane, and the free end of which faces the front of the vehicle is connected to an actuator.
  • each actuator is connected to the longitudinal arm and / or to the wheel support by elastic articulations, in order to absorb the deflections of the longitudinal arm during the movement of the vehicle. More particularly, at least one elastic articulation of each actuator is a ball joint.
  • each actuator is connected to the upper part of the corresponding longitudinal arm substantially opposite the corresponding wheel support. The actuator is then close to the wheel support, which makes it possible to reduce its dimensions.
  • the axle has a median plane of symmetry extending substantially perpendicular to the cross member, in order to obtain a similar behavior for each wheel and to simplify the control of the actuators.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a motor vehicle comprising a flexible rear axle according to the invention and a device for actuator control capable of controlling them synchronously during vehicle operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the left part of a flexible rear axle according to the invention
  • Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show schematic perspective views of the left part of a flexible rear axle according to the invention, respectively in rest positions, of rotation of the front of the wheel towards the outside of the vehicle and rotating from the front of the wheel to the interior of the vehicle.
  • a flexible axle 10 according to the invention is described with reference to the figures. On these, only the left part of the axle is shown, the other part being symmetrical with respect to a substantially vertical plane, median of the cross member and perpendicular thereto.
  • the X and Y axes respectively represent the transverse and longitudinal directions of the vehicle, the Z axis representing the vertical direction.
  • the Y axis is directed towards the front of the vehicle.
  • the axle 10 comprises two longitudinal oscillating arms 12.
  • Each arm 12 is connected by its end 14 directed towards the rear of the vehicle to a wheel support 16 on which a wheel 15 is mounted.
  • a wheel 15 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2a, b, c, and only part of its envelope is visible in FIG. 1.
  • the other end 18 of the arms 12, directed towards the front of the vehicle, is articulated at the vehicle body (not shown).
  • the two arms 12 are articulated on the bodywork around the same horizontal axis of rotation
  • each wheel support 16 is connected to the adjacent arm 12 by two articulations 20a, 20b, such as ball joints, only one of which is visible in FIG. 1.
  • the wheel support 16, and therefore the wheel 15, can thus rotate about a substantially vertical axis 21 passing through the joints 20a, 20b.
  • the crosspiece 22 has, for example, a V-shaped profile lying, the opening of which is directed forward of vehicle.
  • other forms of cross member can be used.
  • the longitudinal arm 12 supports in a known manner a suspension chapel 24 rigidly fixed on the other side of the arm relative to the wheel support 16 ( Figure 1).
  • An actuator 26 connects the longitudinal arm 12 to one end of the adjacent wheel support 16.
  • Elastic joints 28, 30, such as, for example, ball joints, provide the connection between the actuator on the one hand, and on the other hand the longitudinal arm 12 and the wheel support
  • two support rings 32, 34 surrounding the longitudinal arm 12 and integral with the latter, support one end of the actuator 26 on the side of the upper part of the arm.
  • One of these rings 32 also serves as a support for the suspension chapel 24, which makes it possible to limit the number of rings.
  • the other ring 34 is disposed between the ring 32 and the cross member 22, so that the actuator is located substantially opposite the front of the wheel support 16.
  • the fixing of the cross member to the arm must allow the passage of the ring 34.
  • These rings 32, 34 support the elastic articulation 28 so that the actuator can rotate at least around an axis 29 extending parallel to the arm 12.
  • other means of support for the elastic joint 28 can be provided. These means can for example be formed in one piece with the longitudinal arm 12, or fixed directly to the upper part of the latter.
  • An arm 36 integral with the wheel support 16, extends substantially parallel to the plane of the wheel 15 in a substantially horizontal plane. Its free end, directed towards the front of the vehicle, is connected to the actuator 26 via the elastic articulation 30. Thus, under the action of the actuator, the arm 36 of the wheel support can be moved towards the inside or outside of the vehicle, allowing the rotation of the wheel 15 around its axis of rotation 21 towards the inside or the outside.
  • the actuator comprises a rod 38 extending substantially perpendicular to the arm 12 and axially displaceable.
  • the rod can be moved by means of an electric motor, or by a hydraulic device, as symbolized in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the free end of the rod being connected to the end of the arm 36 by the elastic joint 30, the device operates in the following manner.
  • the plane of the wheel 15 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
  • This device makes it possible to limit the amplitude of rotation of the wheel 15, by limiting the stroke of the rod 38 in the actuator and / or by moving the actuator away from or closer to the axis of rotation 21 of the wheel.
  • the rod of the latter extends substantially perpendicular to the arm 12 opposite one end (front or rear) of the wheel support, as shown in the figures .
  • the actuator can be connected to another part of the longitudinal arm.
  • Positioning the actuator rod in a substantially horizontal plane also makes it possible to limit the forces that the actuator must provide to rotate the wheel.
  • each actuator 26 is connected to a control device 40 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2c.
  • the control device 40 chosen as a function of the type of actuator (electric or hydraulic), is designed to allow synchronized control of the two actuators 26 during the operation of the vehicle.
  • the displacements of the rods of the two actuators 26 may be different in order to optimize the stability of the vehicle, the forces supported by the wheels being different when cornering.
  • the control device 40 can receive information relating to the operation of the vehicle, such as the deflection of the front wheels, on the basis of which the displacement of each actuator rod and consequently the deflection of the rear wheels can be determined.
  • the wheels take the pliers to a limited extent when cornering, in order to improve the stability of the vehicle.
  • This effect can be supplemented by an arrangement of the articulations 20a, 20b, in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle, such that the transverse forces at the foot of the wheel outside the turn generate a pair of pliers around the axis of rotation 21.
  • the flexible axle according to the invention may also comprise in known manner an anti-roll bar (not shown) located in the profile of the cross member 22 and connected to the longitudinal arms.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a non-rigid rear axle for a motor vehicle, comprising two longitudinal oscillating arms (12). The end (14) of each arm, which is oriented towards the rear of the vehicle, is respectively connected to a wheel bracket (16) in an articulated manner, and the other end (18) of each arm is respectively connected to the body of the vehicle in an articulated manner, said arms (12) being connected by a cross member (22). The inventive non-rigid axle is characterised in that each longitudinal arm is connected to the adjacent wheel bracket by means of at least one actuator (26) that can rotatably drive each wheel bracket (16) in relation to an essentially vertical axis (21).

Description

ESSIEU SOUPLE ARRIERE A ACTIONNEURS FLEXIBLE REAR AXLE WITH ACTUATORS
L'invention concerne un essieu souple arrière à actionneur pour un véhicule automobile et un véhicule correspondant. L'invention est plus particulièrement destinée aux véhicules à quatre roues directrices.The invention relates to a flexible rear axle with actuator for a motor vehicle and a corresponding vehicle. The invention is more particularly intended for vehicles with four steered wheels.
Un essieu souple arrière de véhicule comporte généralement deux bras oscillants longitudinaux qui portent chacun une roue à une de leurs extrémités, et qui sont articulés à leur autre extrémité sur la carrosserie du véhicule. Des moyens élastiques amortisseurs prenant appui sur les bras soutiennent élastiquement la carrosserie et une barre transversale anti-dévers élastiquement déformable en torsion est rigidement reliée par ses extrémités aux deux bras.A flexible rear axle of a vehicle generally comprises two longitudinal oscillating arms which each carry a wheel at one of their ends, and which are articulated at their other end on the body of the vehicle. Elastic damping means bearing on the arms elastically support the bodywork and an elastically torsionally deformable anti-roll crossbar is rigidly connected at its ends to the two arms.
On définit le braquage des roues comme l'angle formé entre le plan de la roue et le plan longitudinal du véhicule, dans un plan horizontal. Lors du braquage, lorsque l'avant de la roue se déplace vers l'intérieur (respectivement l'extérieur), on parle alors de pince (respectivement d'ouverture). Dans les virages, les roues arrière d'un véhicule subissent des efforts latéraux dans la direction du virage. Ainsi, avec un essieu souple, lors d'un virage à droite, respectivement à gauche, la roue extérieure gauche, respectivement droite, a tendance à prendre de l'ouverture. Un tel braquage des roues est un facteur contribuant à réduire la stabilité du véhicule.The wheel deflection is defined as the angle formed between the wheel plane and the longitudinal plane of the vehicle, in a horizontal plane. When turning, when the front of the wheel moves inwards (respectively outside), this is called a clamp (respectively opening). When cornering, the rear wheels of a vehicle are subjected to lateral forces in the direction of the turn. Thus, with a flexible axle, when turning to the right, respectively to the left, the left outer wheel, respectively right, tends to take the opening. Such steering of the wheels is a factor contributing to reducing the stability of the vehicle.
Les véhicules à quatre roues directrices comportent un dispositif de commande du braquage des roues arrière en virage afin d'améliorer la stabilité. A cet effet, des essieux multibras sont généralement utilisés.Vehicles with four steering wheels have a device for controlling the steering of the rear wheels when cornering in order to improve stability. For this purpose, multi-link axles are generally used.
Ces derniers présentent toutefois un encombrement important qui peut s'avérer incompatible avec l'architecture du véhicule, par exemple la présence d'une roue de secours. Ils présentent également l'inconvénient d'être lourds et plus coûteux qu'un essieu souple. L'invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients en proposant un essieu souple arrière dans lequel les roues arrière sont entraînées en rotation, avec une faible amplitude, lors d'un virage dans le même sens que les roues avant, ce qui améliore la stabilité du véhicule. La structure d'un essieu souple permet de se dégager des contraintes d'encombrement des essieux multibras, par exemple pour libérer un logement pour roue de secours. A cet effet, l'objet de l'invention concerne un essieu souple arrière pour véhicule automobile comprenant deux bras oscillants longitudinaux articulés chacun à un support de roue à leur extrémité dirigée vers l'arrière du véhicule et dont l'autre extrémité est articulée à la carrosserie du véhicule, lesdits bras étant reliés par une traverse, caractérisé en ce que chaque bras longitudinal est relié au support de roue adjacent par au moins un actionneur, lesdits actionneurs étant aptes à entraîner en rotation chaque support de roue par rapport à un axe sensiblement vertical. Avantageusement, chaque actionneur comprend une tige déplaçable axialement et s' étendant suivant une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au bras longitudinal correspondant, et en ce qu'une articulation élastique relie l'extrémité de ladite tige à une extrémité du support de roue correspondant de manière telle que le déplacement de la tige entraîne la rotation du support de roue autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical. La rotation de chaque roue peut alors être facilement commandée et contrôlée en fonction du déplacement de la tige de chaque actionneur.The latter, however, have a large size which may prove incompatible with the architecture of the vehicle, for example the presence of a spare tire. They also have the disadvantage of being heavy and more expensive than a flexible axle. The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a flexible rear axle in which the rear wheels are driven in rotation, with a small amplitude, when turning in the same direction as the front wheels, which improves the stability of the vehicle. . The structure of a flexible axle makes it possible to disengage from the space constraints of multi-link axles, for example to free a housing for a spare wheel. To this end, the object of the invention relates to a flexible rear axle for a motor vehicle comprising two longitudinal oscillating arms each articulated to a wheel support at their end directed towards the rear of the vehicle and the other end of which is articulated at the vehicle body, said arms being connected by a cross member, characterized in that each longitudinal arm is connected to the adjacent wheel support by at least one actuator, said actuators being able to rotate each wheel support relative to an axis substantially vertical. Advantageously, each actuator comprises an axially displaceable rod and extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the corresponding longitudinal arm, and in that an elastic articulation connects the end of said rod to an end of the corresponding wheel support so that the displacement of the rod causes the rotation of the wheel support around a substantially vertical axis. The rotation of each wheel can then be easily controlled and controlled according to the displacement of the rod of each actuator.
Avantageusement, chaque support de roue comporte un bras s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement au plan de la roue dans un plan sensiblement horizontal, et dont l'extrémité libre dirigée vers l'avant du véhicule est reliée à un actionneur.Advantageously, each wheel support comprises an arm extending substantially parallel to the plane of the wheel in a substantially horizontal plane, and the free end of which faces the front of the vehicle is connected to an actuator.
Avantageusement chaque actionneur est relié au bras longitudinal et/ ou au support de roue par des articulations élastiques, afin d'absorber les débattements du bras longitudinal lors du déplacement du véhicule. Plus particulièrement, au moins une articulation élastique de chaque actionneur est une rotule.Advantageously, each actuator is connected to the longitudinal arm and / or to the wheel support by elastic articulations, in order to absorb the deflections of the longitudinal arm during the movement of the vehicle. More particularly, at least one elastic articulation of each actuator is a ball joint.
Dans un mode de réalisation, chaque actionneur est relié à la partie supérieure du bras longitudinal correspondant sensiblement en regard du support de roue correspondant. L'actionneur est alors à proximité du support de roue, ce qui permet de réduire ses dimensions.In one embodiment, each actuator is connected to the upper part of the corresponding longitudinal arm substantially opposite the corresponding wheel support. The actuator is then close to the wheel support, which makes it possible to reduce its dimensions.
Avantageusement, l'essieu présente un plan de symétrie médian s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à la traverse, afin d'obtenir un comportement similaire pour chaque roue et de simplifier la commande des actionneurs.Advantageously, the axle has a median plane of symmetry extending substantially perpendicular to the cross member, in order to obtain a similar behavior for each wheel and to simplify the control of the actuators.
Un autre objet de l'invention concerne un véhicule automobile comprenant un essieu souple arrière selon l'invention et un dispositif de commande des actionneurs apte à les commander de manière synchronisée lors du fonctionnement du véhicule.Another object of the invention relates to a motor vehicle comprising a flexible rear axle according to the invention and a device for actuator control capable of controlling them synchronously during vehicle operation.
L'invention est maintenant décrite en référence aux dessins annexés, non limitatifs, dans lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de la partie gauche d'un essieu souple arrière selon l'invention ; les figures 2 a, 2b et 2c représentent des vues schématiques en perspective de la partie gauche d'un essieu souple arrière selon l'invention, respectivement dans des positions de repos, de rotation de l'avant de la roue vers l'extérieur du véhicule et de rotation de l'avant de la roue vers l'intérieur du véhicule.The invention is now described with reference to the accompanying non-limiting drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of the left part of a flexible rear axle according to the invention; Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show schematic perspective views of the left part of a flexible rear axle according to the invention, respectively in rest positions, of rotation of the front of the wheel towards the outside of the vehicle and rotating from the front of the wheel to the interior of the vehicle.
Un essieu souple 10 selon l'invention est décrit en référence aux figures. Sur celles-ci, seule la partie gauche de l'essieu est représentée, l'autre partie étant symétrique par rapport à un plan sensiblement vertical, médian de la traverse et perpendiculaire à celle-ci. Les axes X et Y représentent respectivement les directions transversale et longitudinale du véhicule, l'axe Z représentant la direction verticale.A flexible axle 10 according to the invention is described with reference to the figures. On these, only the left part of the axle is shown, the other part being symmetrical with respect to a substantially vertical plane, median of the cross member and perpendicular thereto. The X and Y axes respectively represent the transverse and longitudinal directions of the vehicle, the Z axis representing the vertical direction.
L'axe Y est dirigé vers l'avant du véhicule. L'essieu 10 comprend deux bras oscillants longitudinaux 12.The Y axis is directed towards the front of the vehicle. The axle 10 comprises two longitudinal oscillating arms 12.
Chaque bras 12 est relié par son extrémité 14 dirigée vers l'arrière du véhicule à un support de roue 16 sur lequel est montée une roue 15.Each arm 12 is connected by its end 14 directed towards the rear of the vehicle to a wheel support 16 on which a wheel 15 is mounted.
Une roue 15 est représentée schématiquement sur les figures 2a, b, c, et seule une partie de son enveloppe est visible sur la figure 1. L'autre extrémité 18 des bras 12, dirigée vers l'avant du véhicule, est articulée à la carrosserie du véhicule (non représentée). Les deux bras 12 sont articulés sur la carrosserie autour d'un même axe de rotation horizontalA wheel 15 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2a, b, c, and only part of its envelope is visible in FIG. 1. The other end 18 of the arms 12, directed towards the front of the vehicle, is articulated at the vehicle body (not shown). The two arms 12 are articulated on the bodywork around the same horizontal axis of rotation
(non représenté), s'étendant dans la direction transversale X.(not shown), extending in the transverse direction X.
De façon connue, chaque support de roue 16 est relié au bras 12 adjacent par deux articulations 20a, 20b, telles que des rotules, dont une seule est visible sur la figure 1. Le support de roue 16, et donc la roue 15, peut ainsi tourner autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical 21 passant par les articulations 20a, 20b.In known manner, each wheel support 16 is connected to the adjacent arm 12 by two articulations 20a, 20b, such as ball joints, only one of which is visible in FIG. 1. The wheel support 16, and therefore the wheel 15, can thus rotate about a substantially vertical axis 21 passing through the joints 20a, 20b.
Une traverse 22 s'étendant suivant la direction transversale X et élastiquement déformable en torsion, est rigidement reliée par ses extrémités aux deux bras 12. La traverse 22 présente, par exemple, un profil en forme de V couché, dont l'ouverture est dirigée vers l'avant du véhicule. Bien entendu, d'autres formes de traverse peuvent être utilisées.A crosspiece 22 extending in the transverse direction X and elastically deformable in torsion, is rigidly connected by its ends to the two arms 12. The crosspiece 22 has, for example, a V-shaped profile lying, the opening of which is directed forward of vehicle. Of course, other forms of cross member can be used.
Du fait de la symétrie de l'essieu, on ne décrit dans la suite que sa partie gauche, la partie droite comportant les mêmes éléments. Le bras longitudinal 12 supporte de manière connue une chapelle de suspension 24 fixée rigidement de l'autre côté du bras par rapport au support de roue 16 (figure 1).Due to the symmetry of the axle, only the left part is described hereinafter, the right part having the same elements. The longitudinal arm 12 supports in a known manner a suspension chapel 24 rigidly fixed on the other side of the arm relative to the wheel support 16 (Figure 1).
Un actionneur 26 relie le bras longitudinal 12 à une extrémité du support de roue 16 adjacent. Des articulations élastiques 28, 30, telles que, par exemple, des rotules, assurent la liaison entre l'actionneur d'une part, et d'autre part le bras longitudinal 12 et le support de roueAn actuator 26 connects the longitudinal arm 12 to one end of the adjacent wheel support 16. Elastic joints 28, 30, such as, for example, ball joints, provide the connection between the actuator on the one hand, and on the other hand the longitudinal arm 12 and the wheel support
16 respectivement.16 respectively.
Tel que représenté sur la figure 1, deux bagues de support 32, 34, entourant le bras longitudinal 12 et solidaires de ce dernier, supportent une extrémité de l'actionneur 26 du côté de la partie supérieure du bras. L'une de ces bagues 32 sert également de support à la chapelle de suspension 24, ce qui permet de limiter le nombre de bagues. L'autre bague 34 est disposée entre la bague 32 et la traverse 22, de sorte que l'actionneur est situé sensiblement en regard de l'avant du support de roue 16. A cet effet, la fixation de la traverse au bras doit permettre le passage de la bague 34. Ces bagues 32, 34 supportent l'articulation élastique 28 de sorte que l'actionneur puisse tourner au moins autour d'un axe 29 s'étendant parallèlement au bras 12. Bien entendu, d'autres moyens de support de l'articulation élastique 28 peuvent être prévus. Ces moyens peuvent par exemple être formés d'une pièce avec le bras longitudinal 12, ou fixés directement sur la partie supérieure de ce dernier.As shown in Figure 1, two support rings 32, 34, surrounding the longitudinal arm 12 and integral with the latter, support one end of the actuator 26 on the side of the upper part of the arm. One of these rings 32 also serves as a support for the suspension chapel 24, which makes it possible to limit the number of rings. The other ring 34 is disposed between the ring 32 and the cross member 22, so that the actuator is located substantially opposite the front of the wheel support 16. For this purpose, the fixing of the cross member to the arm must allow the passage of the ring 34. These rings 32, 34 support the elastic articulation 28 so that the actuator can rotate at least around an axis 29 extending parallel to the arm 12. Of course, other means of support for the elastic joint 28 can be provided. These means can for example be formed in one piece with the longitudinal arm 12, or fixed directly to the upper part of the latter.
Un bras 36, solidaire du support de roue 16, s'étend sensiblement parallèlement au plan de la roue 15 dans un plan sensiblement horizontal. Son extrémité libre, dirigée vers l'avant du véhicule, est reliée à l'actionneur 26 par l'intermédiaire de l'articulation élastique 30. Ainsi, sous l'action de l'actionneur, le bras 36 du support de roue peut être déplacé vers l'intérieur ou l'extérieur du véhicule, permettant la rotation de la roue 15 autour de son axe de rotation 21 vers l'intérieur ou l'extérieur.An arm 36, integral with the wheel support 16, extends substantially parallel to the plane of the wheel 15 in a substantially horizontal plane. Its free end, directed towards the front of the vehicle, is connected to the actuator 26 via the elastic articulation 30. Thus, under the action of the actuator, the arm 36 of the wheel support can be moved towards the inside or outside of the vehicle, allowing the rotation of the wheel 15 around its axis of rotation 21 towards the inside or the outside.
A cet effet, l'actionneur comprend une tige 38 s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement au bras 12 et déplaçable axialement. La tige peut être déplacée au moyen d'un moteur électrique, ou bien par un dispositif hydraulique, tel que symbolisé sur les figures 2a, 2b, 2c. L'extrémité libre de la tige étant reliée à l'extrémité du bras 36 par l'articulation élastique 30, le dispositif fonctionne de la manière suivante.To this end, the actuator comprises a rod 38 extending substantially perpendicular to the arm 12 and axially displaceable. The rod can be moved by means of an electric motor, or by a hydraulic device, as symbolized in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c. The free end of the rod being connected to the end of the arm 36 by the elastic joint 30, the device operates in the following manner.
Dans une position centrale de la tige 38, représentée sur la figure 2a, le plan de la roue 15 est sensiblement parallèle au plan longitudinal du véhicule.In a central position of the rod 38, shown in FIG. 2a, the plane of the wheel 15 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
A partir de cette position centrale, la tige 38 de l'actionneur peut être déplacée vers l'extérieur du véhicule suivant la flèche Fe de la figureFrom this central position, the rod 38 of the actuator can be moved towards the outside of the vehicle according to the arrow Fe in the figure
2a, jusqu'à une position extrême représentée figure 2b. Ce déplacement entraîne la rotation de l'avant de la roue 15 autour de l'axe 21 vers l'extérieur du véhicule.2a, to an extreme position shown in Figure 2b. This displacement causes the rotation of the front of the wheel 15 around the axis 21 towards the outside of the vehicle.
Lorsque la tige 38 est déplacée vers l'intérieur du véhicule suivant la flèche Fi de la figure 2a, l'avant de la roue 15 pivote vers l'intérieur jusqu'à l'autre position extrême de la tige, représentée figure 2c.When the rod 38 is moved towards the interior of the vehicle according to the arrow Fi in FIG. 2a, the front of the wheel 15 pivots inwards to the other extreme position of the rod, shown in FIG. 2c.
Ce dispositif permet de limiter l'amplitude de rotation de la roue 15, en limitant la course de la tige 38 dans l'actionneur et/ ou en éloignant ou rapprochant l'actionneur de l'axe de rotation 21 de la roue. Afin de limiter les efforts supportés par l'actionneur, il est préférable que la tige de ce dernier s'étende sensiblement perpendiculairement au bras 12 en regard d'une extrémité (avant ou arrière) du support de roue, tel que représenté sur les figures. Toutefois, d'autres configurations sont envisageables, notamment, l'actionneur peut être relié à une autre partie du bras longitudinal.This device makes it possible to limit the amplitude of rotation of the wheel 15, by limiting the stroke of the rod 38 in the actuator and / or by moving the actuator away from or closer to the axis of rotation 21 of the wheel. In order to limit the forces supported by the actuator, it is preferable that the rod of the latter extends substantially perpendicular to the arm 12 opposite one end (front or rear) of the wheel support, as shown in the figures . However, other configurations are possible, in particular, the actuator can be connected to another part of the longitudinal arm.
Un positionnement de la tige de l'actionneur dans un plan sensiblement horizontal, permet également de limiter les efforts que doit fournir l'actionneur pour faire pivoter la roue.Positioning the actuator rod in a substantially horizontal plane also makes it possible to limit the forces that the actuator must provide to rotate the wheel.
Dans le véhicule, chaque actionneur 26 est relié à un dispositif de commande 40 représenté schématiquement sur la figure 2c. Le dispositif de commande 40, choisi en fonction du type d'actionneur (électrique ou hydraulique), est conçu pour permettre une commande synchronisée des deux actionneurs 26 lors du fonctionnement du véhicule. Bien entendu, les déplacements des tiges des deux actionneurs 26 peuvent être différents afin d'optimiser la stabilité du véhicule, les efforts supportés par les roues étant différents dans les virages. Avantageusement, le dispositif de commande 40 peut recevoir des informations relatives au fonctionnement du véhicule, telles que le braquage des roues avant, en fonction desquelles peut être déterminé le déplacement de chaque tige d'actionneur et par conséquent le braquage des roues arrière. Sous l'action des actionneurs pilotés par le dispositif de commande, les roues prennent de la pince de façon limitée lors des virages, afin d'améliorer la stabilité du véhicule. Cet effet peut être complété par une disposition des articulations 20a, 20b, dans le plan longitudinal du véhicule, telle que les efforts transversaux au pied de la roue extérieure au virage gênèrent un couple de pince autour de l'axe de rotation 21.In the vehicle, each actuator 26 is connected to a control device 40 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2c. The control device 40, chosen as a function of the type of actuator (electric or hydraulic), is designed to allow synchronized control of the two actuators 26 during the operation of the vehicle. Of course, the displacements of the rods of the two actuators 26 may be different in order to optimize the stability of the vehicle, the forces supported by the wheels being different when cornering. Advantageously, the control device 40 can receive information relating to the operation of the vehicle, such as the deflection of the front wheels, on the basis of which the displacement of each actuator rod and consequently the deflection of the rear wheels can be determined. Under the action of the actuators controlled by the control device, the wheels take the pliers to a limited extent when cornering, in order to improve the stability of the vehicle. This effect can be supplemented by an arrangement of the articulations 20a, 20b, in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle, such that the transverse forces at the foot of the wheel outside the turn generate a pair of pliers around the axis of rotation 21.
L'essieu souple selon l'invention peut également comporter de manière connue une barre anti-dévers (non représentée) située dans le profil de la traverse 22 et reliée aux bras longitudinaux. The flexible axle according to the invention may also comprise in known manner an anti-roll bar (not shown) located in the profile of the cross member 22 and connected to the longitudinal arms.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Essieu souple arrière pour véhicule automobile comprenant deux bras oscillants longitudinaux (12) articulés chacun à un support de roue (16) à leur extrémité (14) dirigée vers l'arrière du véhicule, et dont l'autre extrémité (18) est articulée à la carrosserie du véhicule, lesdits bras (12) étant reliés par une traverse (22), caractérisé en ce que chaque bras longitudinal est relié au support de roue adjacent par au moins un actionneur, lesdits actionneurs étant aptes à entraîner en rotation chaque support de roue par rapport à un axe sensiblement vertical (21).1. Flexible rear axle for a motor vehicle comprising two longitudinal oscillating arms (12) each articulated to a wheel support (16) at their end (14) directed towards the rear of the vehicle, and the other end (18) of which is articulated to the vehicle body, said arms (12) being connected by a cross member (22), characterized in that each longitudinal arm is connected to the adjacent wheel support by at least one actuator, said actuators being capable of driving each wheel support with respect to a substantially vertical axis (21).
2. Essieu selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque actionneur (26) comprend une tige (38) déplaçable axialement et s'étendant suivant une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au bras longitudinal correspondant, et en ce que l'extrémité de ladite tige est reliée à une extrémité du support de roue correspondant de manière telle que le déplacement de la tige entraîne la rotation du support de roue autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical.2. Axle according to claim 1, characterized in that each actuator (26) comprises a rod (38) axially movable and extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the corresponding longitudinal arm, and in that the end of said rod is connected to one end of the corresponding wheel support in such a way that the displacement of the rod causes the rotation of the wheel support around a substantially vertical axis.
3. Essieu selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque support de roue (16) comporte un bras (36) s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement au plan de la roue (15) dans un plan sensiblement horizontal, et dont l'extrémité libre dirigée vers l'avant du véhicule est reliée à un actionneur (26).3. Axle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each wheel support (16) comprises an arm (36) extending substantially parallel to the plane of the wheel (15) in a substantially horizontal plane, and whose free end directed towards the front of the vehicle is connected to an actuator (26).
4. Essieu selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque actionneur (26) est relié au bras longitudinal et/ ou au support de roue par des articulations élastiques (28, 30).4. Axle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each actuator (26) is connected to the longitudinal arm and / or to the wheel support by elastic joints (28, 30).
5. Essieu selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une articulation élastique (28, 30) de chaque actionneur est une rotule.5. Axle according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one elastic articulation (28, 30) of each actuator is a ball joint.
6. Essieu selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque actionneur (26) est relié à la partie supérieure du bras longitudinal correspondant sensiblement en regard du support de roue correspondant.6. Axle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each actuator (26) is connected to the upper part of the corresponding longitudinal arm substantially opposite the corresponding wheel support.
7. Essieu selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un plan de symétrie médian s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à la traverse (22). 7. Axle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a median plane of symmetry extending substantially perpendicular to the crosspiece (22).
8. Véhicule automobile caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un essieu arrière (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes et un dispositif de commande (40) des actionneurs apte à les commander de manière synchronisée lors du fonctionnement du véhicule. 8. Motor vehicle characterized in that it comprises a rear axle (10) according to one of the preceding claims and a device actuator (40) capable of controlling them synchronously during vehicle operation.
EP04742775A 2003-05-30 2004-05-19 Non-rigid rear axle comprising actuators Withdrawn EP1628844A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0306571A FR2855459B1 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 REAR AXLE WITH ACTUATORS AND CORRESPONDING VEHICLE
PCT/FR2004/001231 WO2004108444A1 (en) 2003-05-30 2004-05-19 Non-rigid rear axle comprising actuators

Publications (1)

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EP1628844A1 true EP1628844A1 (en) 2006-03-01

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WO (1) WO2004108444A1 (en)

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FR2855459B1 (en) 2006-06-09
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