EP1616625B1 - Comminution device and method of operating the same - Google Patents
Comminution device and method of operating the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1616625B1 EP1616625B1 EP05405386A EP05405386A EP1616625B1 EP 1616625 B1 EP1616625 B1 EP 1616625B1 EP 05405386 A EP05405386 A EP 05405386A EP 05405386 A EP05405386 A EP 05405386A EP 1616625 B1 EP1616625 B1 EP 1616625B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- comminution
- fraction
- accordance
- coarse
- feed material
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/30—Driving mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2216—Discharge means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2225—Feed means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/24—Drives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
- B02C19/0062—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for shredding scrap metal, e.g. automobile bodies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the mechanical comminution of a heterogeneous starting material according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for operating the comminution device.
- the feedstock which is obtained for example as a product in a recycling process, in particular in the shredding of car wrecks, is a heterogeneous mixture containing fibers, textiles, foams, plastics, wood parts, paper, wires, electrical cables, other metals and / or other inorganic, especially mineral substances.
- Continuously operated comminution devices or comminuting devices can be used as comminution stages in one method, with comminution being able to be achieved by about a factor of 2 to 5 in each case.
- the residence time of a crop in a continuously operated device is usually too short for more efficient shredding to take place.
- a plurality of such comminution stages connected in series must therefore be provided.
- a batch-type crushing device which has the features described in the preamble of claim 1, is out DE-A 196 00 482 known.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device for mechanical comminution of a heterogeneous starting material, which has improvements in terms of the disadvantages mentioned. This object is achieved by the defined in claim 1 crushing device.
- the constituents of the fine fraction arising during the comminution of the feedstock are continuously discharged from the grinding chamber through the classifying means and the first exit opening.
- the drive power is influenced by a controlled metered feed of the feed so that it reciprocates by a setpoint within the maximum power range between a plurality of relative maximum and minimum values ,
- the dependent claims 2 to 4 relate to advantageous embodiments of the inventive crushing device. Methods for operating this shredding device are each the subject matter of claims 5 to 10.
- the procedure with partially continuous operation is advantageous in processes in which the degree of comminution must be high and a defined fragment size distribution is required.
- the throughput is lower than in a continuous operation, but a higher degree of comminution is achieved.
- the throughput is increased considerably.
- the mechanical load of the crushing means (rotor, shaft and drive) is reduced; because individual large current peaks of the batch process are converted into a plurality of smaller current peaks.
- the machine and Product temperature is lower in the partially continuous mode of operation thanks to continuously added feedstock.
- the upper and lower closed or closable reactor housing 20 includes a cylindrical grinding chamber 21, are arranged in the crushing means 6 in the form of a rotor (wherein a plurality of rotors may be advantageous).
- a drive 7 for the rotor 6 is operable in a maximum power range above an idle power.
- a crushing is done by impact and shear forces on the hammer elements.
- the comminution contributes to an interaction between constituents of the starting material 10, namely between, for example, polymers and metal parts, wherein the metal parts or plastic parts can cut thanks to sharp edges foams, films, but also textiles and other tough components.
- screening surfaces 40 are arranged with gap widths of, for example, 3 mm, through which fragments 11 'of the comminuted feedstock 10 can leave the machine 2 side. These fragments 11 ', which together form the fine fraction 11, are led away by a not shown, torus-shaped channel.
- the transport of the fine fraction 11 away from the first outlet opening 4 can be carried out by means of air or an inert gas, which is injected centrally through a line 23 into the grinding chamber 21.
- Said screening surfaces 40 which cover the first outlet opening 4, are classifying means which can also be designed differently.
- the classifying means 40 which are arranged between the grinding chamber 21 and the first outlet opening 4 or within the first outlet opening 4, can be produced by means of sieves, sieve elements, perforated plates, slots, bars or the like. They are arranged at least in the region of a plane of rotation of the rotor 6 on the peripheral surface 22.
- constituents of the fine fraction 11 which continuously form during the comminution of the feedstock 11 are expelled from the grinding chamber 21 by the classifying means 40 and the first outlet opening 4.
- the coarse fraction 12, which mainly consists of non-comminutable components, for example of viscoelastic polymers, is removed from the reactor housing 20 through the second exit opening 5 with an intermittently activatable ejection mechanism 50, the coarse fraction ejection.
- the coarse fraction ejection 50 is designed, for example, like a flap. It is also possible for a mixture of coarse and fine fractions 12, 11 to be expelled from the second outlet opening 5. The mixture can then be separated into the two fractions by means of external classification agents.
- An electronic controller 8 acts on the entrance side shutter mechanism 30 and the exit side ejection mechanism 50. With this direct action affects the electronic control 6 and the drive power in an indirect manner.
- the drive power is according to the invention in time intervals between cyclically recurring pauses influenced so that they by a setpoint within the maximum power range between a plurality of relative maximum and Minimum values oscillating: see Fig. 2 ,
- the electrical load is represented as current intensity I (current consumption) of a partially continuously operated comminution device 1 as a function of time t.
- the cycle duration and duration of a cyclically recurring pause are denoted by T and p, respectively. These parameters T and p can be adjusted with respect to a desired product.
- feed material 10 is nachgespieben.
- the cyclically pauses are provided for intermittently activating the coarse fraction ejection 50.
- the drive power has fallen to the idling power in the rule.
- the feed of the feedstock 10 may be continuous or intermittent at a frequency that is at least two times, preferably three times or even a multiple, greater than the frequency of the coarse fraction discharge 50.
- the controller 8 is performed with respect to power measurements 87 '(via connection line 87 between the controller 8 and the drive 7) by determining quantities proportional to the drive power, in particular measurements of the current 1 received by the drive 7.
- the entry-side closure mechanism 30 is controlled by means of these performance measurements 87 '.
- the exit-side ejection mechanism 50 can be periodically activated after predetermined intervals T of the cyclically recurring pauses by the controller 8 (the controller 8 being connected to the coarse-fraction discharge 50 by a connection line 85); but it can also be controlled by means of the power measurements 87 'is activated. Each time the ejection mechanism 50 is activated, a new cycle begins with the supply of a first rate of feedstock 10.
- the feed material 10 usually leads to a dangerous development of dust during comminution, which together with air can form an ignitable mixture.
- the threatened by explosions impact reactor 2 is therefore equipped with a vertical pressure relief pipe 9 and a rupture disk 90.
- the pressure relief pipe 9 is guided over the roof.
- a dust-laden air or gas stream may be passed through a pipe 91 into a dedusting plant.
- a regulation can also be carried out with respect to a temperature measurement or several temperature measurements in or on the grinding chamber (the controller 8 being connected to the grinding chamber 21 by a connecting line 82).
- the supplied feedstock 10 usually has ambient temperature and therefore exerts a cooling effect.
- this regulation when a given temperature is exceeded, further starting material is recharged for cooling; or the exit-side ejection mechanism 50 is activated.
- the regulation with regard to power measurement is carried out in such a way that optimum utilization is achieved by means of a temporal equalization of the machine load. This usage is measured in terms of the ratio between throughput and mean drive power.
- the regulation is usually carried out so that for the drive power at most 90% or 80%, preferably even less of the maximum power range is used.
- the inventive comminution device 1 is usually integrated as a system component in a network-like system.
- fine material can be pre-separated from the crop 10, so that the burden of the crushing device 1 is reduced.
- the ejected coarse material 12 may be further comminuted in a downstream system component. In this case, a part of the thus treated coarse material can be returned to the crushing device 1.
- the feedstock 10 may contain metals as recyclables. Such valuable substances are often enriched as well as uncovered in the coarse fraction 12. They can therefore be easily separated mechanically. After a previous recyclable material separation, the remaining material can be further treated, for example by screening or further comminution.
- Fig. 3 shows a graph with logarithmic grain size distributions, which have been obtained for the inventive method (cumulative frequency of grain sizes as a function of the grain size):
- the curve 100 shows the distribution for the feedstock 10.
- the resulting distributions for the coarse fraction 12 and the fine fraction 11 are represented by the curves 120 and 110, respectively.
- Dash-dotted line 130 is given for a desired end product.
- Fig. 4 a corresponding diagram for a known continuous process.
- Curve 140 There is only one product (curve 140), ie no final product separated into a coarse fraction 12 and fine fraction 11.
- a shredder operating on a batch basis produced a product that had almost reached final product quality after the first size reduction stage (no diagram shown). But it is for such a crusher at least one more Crushing stage necessary. In addition, there are also the disadvantages mentioned at the beginning of the batch-operated crushing machine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Zerkleinern eines heterogenen Einsatzguts gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung. Das Einsatzgut, das beispielsweise als Produkt bei einem Recyclingprozess, insbesondere bei einem Schreddern von Autowracks anfällt, ist ein heterogenes Gemisch, das Fasern, Textilien, Schaumstoffe, Kunststoffe, Holzteile, Papier, Drähte, elektrische Kabel, weitere Metalle und/oder weitere anorganische, insbesondere mineralische Stoffe umfasst.The invention relates to a device for the mechanical comminution of a heterogeneous starting material according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for operating the comminution device. The feedstock, which is obtained for example as a product in a recycling process, in particular in the shredding of car wrecks, is a heterogeneous mixture containing fibers, textiles, foams, plastics, wood parts, paper, wires, electrical cables, other metals and / or other inorganic, especially mineral substances.
Aus
Kontinuierlich betriebene Zerkleinerungs-Vorrichtungen oder Zerkleinerungs-Geräte sind in einem Verfahren als Zerkleinerungsstufen verwendbar, wobei jeweils eine Zerkleinerung um rund einen Faktor 2 bis 5 realisierbar ist. Die Aufenthaltszeit eines Einsatzguts in einem kontinuierlich betriebenen Gerät ist meist zu kurz, als dass eine wirkungsvollere Zerkleinerung stattfinden könnte. Um einen Zerkleinerungsgrad zu erhalten, bei dem ein Endprodukt mit einer definierten Fragment- oder Korngrössenverteilung beispielsweise als Brennstoff verwendbar ist, muss daher eine Mehrzahl solcher in Serie geschaltener Zerkleinerungsstufen vorgesehen werden.Continuously operated comminution devices or comminuting devices can be used as comminution stages in one method, with comminution being able to be achieved by about a factor of 2 to 5 in each case. The residence time of a crop in a continuously operated device is usually too short for more efficient shredding to take place. In order to obtain a degree of comminution in which an end product with a defined fragment or particle size distribution, for example as fuel, can be used, a plurality of such comminution stages connected in series must therefore be provided.
Eine batchweise arbeitende Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, welche die im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschriebenen Merkmale aufweist, ist aus
Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen, die schubweise (d.h. batch- oder chargenweise), in Arbeitszyklen arbeitende Maschinen sind, stellen eine günstigere Alternative dar, weisen aber einige Nachteile auf:
- solche Vorrichtungen müssen grösser sein;
- eine Zuführung des Einsatzguts in die Vorrichtung sowie Abführung der durch die Behandlung entstanden Produkte, die beispielsweise in Form einer Fein- und einer Grobfraktion vorliegen, muss getaktet durchgeführt werden;
- das Einsatzgut wird in Fragmente zerkleinert, deren Grössen über ein breites, wenig geeignetes Spektrum ("Kornverteilungskurve") verteilt sind;
- der Leistungsbedarf eines Antriebs für die Zerkleinerungsmaschine variiert oberhalb einer Leerlaufleistung über einen breiten Bereich, wobei Stromspitzen mit entsprechenden mechanischen Belastungen auftreten;
- für den grössten Teil der Produktionszeit ist die Maschine ungünstig ausgelastet, wodurch sich eine mittlere Durchsatzleistung ergibt, die relativ niedrig ist;
- eine Erwärmung bei der Bearbeitung des Einsatzguts hat eine Produkterhitzung zur Folge, die schwer kontrollierbar ist und die eine erhöhte Geruchsbelastung sowie Brand- und Explosionsgefahr mit sich bringt.
- such devices must be larger;
- a supply of the feedstock into the device and removal of the products resulting from the treatment, which are present for example in the form of a fine fraction and a coarse fraction, must be carried out in cycles;
- the feed is crushed into fragments whose sizes are over broad, poorly suited spectrum ("grain distribution curve") are distributed;
- the power requirement of a drive for the crusher varies above an idle power over a wide range, with current spikes with corresponding mechanical loads;
- for the most part of the production time, the machine is unfavorably utilized, resulting in a mean throughput which is relatively low;
- Heating during processing of the feedstock results in product heating which is difficult to control and which entails an increased odor load as well as a risk of fire and explosion.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Zerkleinern eines heterogenen Einsatzguts zu schaffen, welche hinsichtlich den genannten Nachteilen Verbesserungen aufweist. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 definierte Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung gelöst.The object of the invention is to provide a device for mechanical comminution of a heterogeneous starting material, which has improvements in terms of the disadvantages mentioned. This object is achieved by the defined in claim 1 crushing device.
Die Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Zerkleinern eines heterogenen Einsatzguts umfasst folgende Bauteile:
- Ein Gehäuse mit a) einer verschliessbaren Einspeiseöffnung für das Einsatzgut, b) einer ersten Austrittsöffnung für eine Feinfraktion und c) einer zweiten Austrittsöffnung für eine Grobfraktion oder ein Gemisch von Grob- und Feinfraktion.
- Einen Mahlraum mit Zerkleinerungs- und Klassierungsmitteln.
- Einen Antrieb für die Zerkleinerungsmittel, der in einem maximalen Leistungsbereich oberhalb einer Leerlaufleistung betreibbar ist.
- Einen Verschlussmechanismus für die Einspeiseöffnung, der vorzugsweise als Schleuse ausgebildet ist.
- Einen Auswurfmechanismus für die zweite Austrittsöffnung, den Grobfraktionsauswurf.
- Eine elektronische Steuerung zum indirekten Beeinflussen der Antriebsleistung durch ein direktes Einwirken auf den eintrittseitigen Verschluss- sowie den austrittseitigen Auswurfmechanismus.
- A housing with a) a closable feed opening for the feed, b) a first outlet opening for a fine fraction and c) a second outlet opening for a coarse fraction or a mixture of coarse and fine fraction.
- A grinding room with crushing and classifying agents.
- A drive for the shredder, which is operable in a maximum power range above an idle power.
- A closure mechanism for the feed opening, which is preferably designed as a lock.
- An ejection mechanism for the second outlet, the coarse fraction ejection.
- An electronic control for indirectly influencing the drive power by a direct action on the inlet-side closure and the exit-side ejection mechanism.
In dieser Vorrichtung werden laufend die beim Zerkleinern des Einsatzguts entstehenden Bestandteile der Feinfraktion aus dem Mahlraum durch die Klassierungsmittel sowie die erste Austrittsöffnung ausgestossen. Der Grobfraktionsauswurf wird intermittierend aktiviert. In zeitlichen Intervallen zwischen zyklisch wiederkehrenden Pausen, die auf Zeitpunkte reduziert sein können, wird die Antriebsleistung durch eine gesteuert dosierte Zufuhr des Einsatzguts so beeinflusst, dass diese um einen Sollwert innerhalb des maximalen Leistungsbereichs zwischen einer Mehrzahl von relativen Maximal- und Minimalwerten hin und her pendelt.In this device, the constituents of the fine fraction arising during the comminution of the feedstock are continuously discharged from the grinding chamber through the classifying means and the first exit opening. Of the Coarse fraction ejection is activated intermittently. At time intervals between cyclically recurring pauses, which may be reduced to timings, the drive power is influenced by a controlled metered feed of the feed so that it reciprocates by a setpoint within the maximum power range between a plurality of relative maximum and minimum values ,
Die abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 4 betreffen vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemässen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung. Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung sind jeweils Gegenstand der Ansprüche 5 bis 10.The dependent claims 2 to 4 relate to advantageous embodiments of the inventive crushing device. Methods for operating this shredding device are each the subject matter of claims 5 to 10.
Die genannten Nachteile der kontinuierlich oder schubweise betriebenen Vorrichtungen werden beim erfindungsgemässen Vorgehen durch eine teilkontinuierliche Fahrweise vermindert:
- aufgrund einer intermittierenden Zufuhr von Einsatzgut während eines Arbeitszyklus wird die mittlere Arbeitsleistung erhöht und somit die Nutzung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung verbessert;
- die Feinfraktion verlässt unmittelbar während des Zerkleinerns kontinuierlich die Maschine durch Klassierungsmittel, während die Grobfraktion unzerkleinert länger in der Maschine bleibt, wodurch gründlicher zerkleinert wird;
- das unzerkleinerte Grobmaterial wird periodisch ausgeworfen, wodurch eine übermässige Produkterhitzung sowie ein progressiver Leistungsanstieg ausbleibt.
- due to an intermittent supply of feedstock during a work cycle, the average workload is increased, thus improving the utilization of the comminution device;
- the fine fraction immediately passes through the classifier during chopping, while the coarse fraction remains uncut in the machine for longer, thereby more thoroughly crushing;
- the uncut coarse material is ejected periodically, which eliminates excessive product heating and a progressive increase in output.
Das Vorgehen mit teilkontinuierlicher Fahrweise ist bei Verfahren vorteilhaft, bei denen der Zerkleinerungsgrad gross sein muss und eine definierte Fragmentgrössenverteilung erforderlich ist. Dabei ist zwar der Durchsatz geringer als bei einer kontinuierlichen Fahrweise, jedoch wird ein höherer Zerkleinerungsgrad erzielt. Gegenüber der schubweisen Fahrweise wird der Durchsatz beträchtlich gesteigert. Zudem wird die mechanische Belastung der Zerkleinerungsmittel (Rotor, Welle und Antrieb) verringert; denn es werden einzelne grosse Stromspitzen des schubweisen Verfahrens in eine Mehrzahl von kleineren Stromspitzen gewandelt. Die Maschinen- und Produkttemperatur liegt bei der teilkontinuierlichen Fahrweise dank laufend nachgespiesenem Einsatzgut tiefer.The procedure with partially continuous operation is advantageous in processes in which the degree of comminution must be high and a defined fragment size distribution is required. Although the throughput is lower than in a continuous operation, but a higher degree of comminution is achieved. Compared to the batchwise mode of operation, the throughput is increased considerably. In addition, the mechanical load of the crushing means (rotor, shaft and drive) is reduced; because individual large current peaks of the batch process are converted into a plurality of smaller current peaks. The machine and Product temperature is lower in the partially continuous mode of operation thanks to continuously added feedstock.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine teilkontinuierlich betreibbare Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens,
- Fig. 2
- ein Diagramm für die Stromaufnahme der teilkontinuierlich betriebenen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung,
- Fig. 3
- ein Diagramm mit Kornverteilungskurven für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren und
- Fig. 4
- ein entsprechendes Diagramm für ein bekanntes kontinuierliches Verfahren.
- Fig. 1
- a partially continuously operable crushing device for carrying out the method according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a diagram for the power consumption of the partially continuously operated crushing device,
- Fig. 3
- a diagram with grain distribution curves for the inventive method and
- Fig. 4
- a corresponding diagram for a known continuous process.
Die in
- a) eine verschliessbare Einspeiseöffnung 3 für das Einsatzgut 10 (Pfeil 10),
- b) eine erste Austrittsöffnung 4 für eine Feinfraktion 11 (Pfeile 11) und
- c) eine zweite Austrittsöffnung 5 für eine Grobfraktion 12 oder einem Gemisch von Grob- und Feinfraktion.
- a) a closable feed opening 3 for the material 10 (arrow 10),
- b) a first outlet opening 4 for a fine fraction 11 (arrows 11) and
- c) a second outlet opening 5 for a
coarse fraction 12 or a mixture of coarse and fine fraction.
Das oben und unten geschlossene oder verschliessbare Reaktorgehäuse 20 enthält einen zylinderförmigen Mahlraum 21, in dem Zerkleinerungsmittel 6 in Form eines Rotors angeordnet sind (wobei auch eine Mehrzahl von Rotoren vorteilhaft sein kann). Ein Antrieb 7 für den Rotor 6 ist in einem maximalen Leistungsbereich oberhalb einer Leerlaufleistung betreibbar. Der Rotor 6 des Prallreaktors 2, der an den unter dem Mahlraum 21 angeordneten Antrieb 7 angeschlossen ist, trägt Hammerelemente, die nicht dargestellt sind. Das Einsatzgut 10, das sich durch einen Verschlussmechanismus 30 zur Einspeiseöffnung 3, nämlich eine Vertikalschleuse 31 und/oder durch einen Förderschnecke 32, in den Mahlraum 21 einspeisen lässt, wird dort vom drehenden Rotor 6 erfasst. Eine Zerkleinerung erfolgt durch Prall- und Scherkräfte an den Hammerelementen. Ausserdem trägt zur Zerkleinerung eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Bestandteilen des Einsatzguts 10 bei, nämlich zwischen beispielsweise Polymeren und Metallteilen, wobei die Metallteile oder auch Kunststoffteile dank scharfen Kanten Schaumstoffe, Folien, aber auch Textilien sowie andere zähe Komponenten zerschneiden können.The upper and lower closed or
An einer zylindrischen Peripherie 22 des Reaktorgehäuses 20 sind Siebflächen 40 mit Spaltweiten von beispielsweise 3 mm angeordnet, durch welche Fragmente 11' des zerkleinerten Einsatzguts 10 die Maschine 2 seitlich verlassen können. Diese Fragmente 11', die zusammen die Feinfraktion 11 bilden, werden durch einen nicht dargestellten, torusförmigen Kanal weggeführt. Der Transport der Feinfraktion 11 weg von der ersten Austrittsöffnung 4 kann mittels Luft oder einem Inertgas durchgeführt werden, das durch eine Leitung 23 zentral in den Mahlraum 21 eingeblasen wird.On a
Die genannten Siebflächen 40, welche die erste Austrittsöffnung 4 abdecken, sind Klassierungsmittel, die auch anders ausgebildet sein können. Die Klassierungsmittel 40, die zwischen dem Mahlraum 21 und der ersten Austrittsöffnung 4 oder innerhalb der ersten Austrittsöffnung 4 angeordnet sind, lassen sich mittels Sieben, Siebelementen, Lochblechen, Schlitzen, Stangen oder Ähnlichem herstellen. Sie sind mindestens im Bereich einer Drehebene des Rotors 6 auf der Peripheriefläche 22 angeordnet.Said screening surfaces 40, which cover the first outlet opening 4, are classifying means which can also be designed differently. The classifying means 40, which are arranged between the grinding
In der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung 1 werden also beim Zerkleinern des Einsatzguts 10 laufend entstehende Bestandteile der Feinfraktion 11 aus dem Mahlraum 21 durch die Klassierungsmittel 40 sowie die erste Austrittsöffnung 4 ausgestossen. Die Grobfraktion 12, die hauptsächlich aus nicht zerkleinerbaren Komponenten besteht, beispielsweise aus zähelastischen Polymeren, wird mit einem intermittierend aktivierbaren Auswurfmechanismus 50, dem Grobfraktionsauswurf, durch die zweite Austrittsöffnung 5 aus dem Reaktorgehäuse 20 entfernt. Der Grobfraktionsauswurf 50 ist beispielsweise klappenartig ausgebildet. Es kann auch ein Gemisch von Grob- und Feinfraktion 12, 11 aus der zweiten Austrittsöffnung 5 ausgestossen werden. Das Gemisch kann anschliessend mittels externen Klassierungsmitteln in die beiden Fraktionen getrennt werden.In the device 1 according to the invention, therefore, constituents of the
Eine elektronische Steuerung 8 wirkt auf den eintrittseitigen Verschlussmechanismus 30 sowie den austrittseitigen Auswurfmechanismus 50 ein. Mit diesem direkten Einwirken beeinflusst die elektronische Steuerung 6 auch die Antriebsleistung auf indirekte Weise. Dank der besonderen Steuerung 8, die für die genannte, vorbekannte Vorrichtung noch nicht beschrieben worden ist, wird die Antriebsleistung in zeitlichen Intervallen zwischen zyklisch wiederkehrenden Pausen erfindungsgemäss so beeinflusst, dass sie um einen Sollwert innerhalb des maximalen Leistungsbereichs zwischen einer Mehrzahl von relativen Maximal- und Minimalwerten hin und her pendelt: siehe
Wenn die Stromstärke I, mit der die Maschine das elektrische Netz belastet, unter einen vorgegebenen Wert sinkt, wird gesteuert Einsatzgut 10 nachgespiesen. Die zyklisch wiederkehrenden Pausen sind für ein intermittierendes Aktivieren des Grobfraktionsauswurfs 50 vorgesehen. Am Ende eines Zyklus nach Auswurf der Grobfraktion 12 ist in der Regel die Antriebsleistung auf die Leerlaufleistung abgefallen. Die Zufuhr des Einsatzguts 10 kann kontinuierlich erfolgen oder intermittierend mit einer Frequenz, die im Vergleich zur Frequenz des Grobfraktionsauswurfs 50 um mindestens das Zweifache, vorzugsweise das Dreifache oder auch ein Mehrfaches grösser ist.If the current I, with which the machine loads the electrical network, falls below a predetermined value,
Die Steuerung 8 wird bezüglich Leistungsmessungen 87' (via Verbindungsleitung 87 zwischen der Steuerung 8 und dem Antrieb 7) durch Bestimmung von zur Antriebsleistung proportionalen Grössen, insbesondere Messungen des durch den Antrieb 7 aufgenommenen Stroms 1, durchgeführt. Dabei wird der eintrittseitige Verschlussmechanismus 30 mittels diesen Leistungsmessungen 87' geregelt. Der austrittseitige Auswurfmechanismus 50 kann periodisch nach vorgegebenen Intervallen T der zyklisch wiederkehrenden Pausen durch die Steuerung 8 aktiviert werden (wobei die Steuerung 8 mit einer Verbindungsleitung 85 an den Grobfraktionsauswurf 50 angeschlossen ist); er kann aber auch geregelt mittels den Leistungsmessungen 87' aktiviert wird. Jeweils nach Aktivierung des Auswurfmechanismus 50 beginnt ein neuer Arbeitszyklus mit der Zufuhr einer ersten Rate von Einsatzgut 10.The
Das Einsatzgut 10 führt bei der Zerkleinerung in der Regel zu einer gefährlichen Entwicklung von Staub, der zusammen mit Luft ein zündfähiges Gemisch bilden kann. Der von Explosionen bedrohte Prallreaktor 2 wird daher mit einem vertikalen Druckentlastungsrohr 9 und einer Berstscheibe 90 ausgerüstet. Das Druckentlastungsrohr 9 wird über Dach geführt. Ein mit Staub befrachteter Luft- oder Gasstrom kann durch ein Rohr 91 in eine Entstaubungsanlage geführt werden.The
Eine Regelung kann auch bezüglich einer Temperaturmessung oder mehrerer Temperaturmessungen im oder am Mahlraum durchgeführt werden (wobei die Steuerung 8 mit einer Verbindungsleitung 82 an den Mahlraum 21 angeschlossen ist). Das zugeführte Einsatzgut 10 hat in der Regel Umgebungstemperatur und übt daher eine kühlende Wirkung aus. Bezüglich dieser Regelung wird bei Übersteigen einer vorgegebenen Temperatur weiteres Einsatzgut zur Kühlung nachgespiesen; oder es wird der austrittseitige Auswurfmechanismus 50 aktiviert.A regulation can also be carried out with respect to a temperature measurement or several temperature measurements in or on the grinding chamber (the
Die Regelung bezüglich Leistungsmessung wird so durchgeführt, dass mittels einer zeitlichen Vergleichmässigung der Maschinenbelastung eine optimale Nutzung erreicht wird. Dabei wird diese Nutzung hinsichtlich dem Verhältnis zwischen Durchsatzrate und mittlerer Antriebsleistung gemessen. Die Regelung wird in der Regel so durchgeführt, dass für die Antriebsleistung höchstens 90% oder 80%, vorzugsweise noch weniger des maximalen Leistungsbereichs genutzt wird.The regulation with regard to power measurement is carried out in such a way that optimum utilization is achieved by means of a temporal equalization of the machine load. This usage is measured in terms of the ratio between throughput and mean drive power. The regulation is usually carried out so that for the drive power at most 90% or 80%, preferably even less of the maximum power range is used.
Die erfindungsgemässe Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 ist in der Regel als eine Systemkomponente in einem netzwerkartigen System integriert. In diesem System kann mit einer stromaufwärts angeordneten Systemkomponente Feinmaterial aus dem Einsatzgut 10 vorabgetrennt werden, damit die Belastung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 reduziert wird.The inventive comminution device 1 is usually integrated as a system component in a network-like system. In this system, with an upstream system component fine material can be pre-separated from the
Das ausgeworfene Grobmaterial 12 kann in einer stromabwärts angeordneten Systemkomponente weiter zerkleinert werden. Dabei kann ein Teil des so behandelten Grobmaterials in die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 zurückgeführt werden.The ejected
Das Einsatzgut 10 kann Metalle als Wertstoffe enthalten. Solche Wertstoffe sind in der Grobfraktion 12 oft sowohl angereichert als auch freigelegt. Sie lassen sich daher gut mechanisch abtrennen. Nach einer vorgängigen Wertstoffabtrennung kann das verbliebene Material weiter behandelt werden, beispielsweise durch ein Absieben oder ein weiteres Zerkleinern.The
Zum Vergleich zeigt
Bei einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine, die schubweise betrieben wurde, ergab sich ein Produkt, das nach der ersten Zerkleinerungsstufe schon fast Endproduktqualität erreicht hatte (kein Diagramm abgebildet). Es ist aber für eine solche Zerkleinerungsmaschine mindestens eine weitere Zerkleinerungsstufe notwendig. Ausserdem bestehen auch die eingangs aufgeführten Nachteile der schubweise betriebenen Zerkleinerungsmaschine.A shredder operating on a batch basis produced a product that had almost reached final product quality after the first size reduction stage (no diagram shown). But it is for such a crusher at least one more Crushing stage necessary. In addition, there are also the disadvantages mentioned at the beginning of the batch-operated crushing machine.
Claims (9)
- An apparatus (1) for the mechanical comminution of a heterogeneous feed material (10), including the following components:- a housing (20) with a) a closable feed opening (3) for the feed material, b) a first outlet opening (4) for a fine fraction (11) and c) a second outlet opening (5) for a coarse fraction (12) or a mixture of coarse and fine fraction,- a milling chamber (21) with comminution means and grading means (6, 40 respectively),- a drive (7) for the comminution means (6) which can be operated in a maximum power range above an idling power,- a closing mechanism (30) for the feed opening which is preferably designed as a lock (31),- an ejector mechanism (50) for the second outlet opening, the coarse fraction delivery (50), and- an electronic control (8) for indirectly influencing the drive power by a direct action on the input side closing mechanism and also on the outlet side delivery mechanism;in which apparatus (1), on comminution of the feed material, components (11') of the fine fraction which occur continuously can be ejected out of the milling chamber by the grading means and also by the first outlet opening and the coarse fraction delivery (50) can be intermittently activated,
characterised in that the control (8) is configured such that the drive power can be influenced in intervals between cyclically recurring pauses by a controlled metered supply of the feed material in such a manner that it varies up and down between a plurality of relative maximum and minimum values about a desired value within the maximum power range or in that during intervals between cyclically recurring pauses the temperature in or at the milling chamber (21) can be influenced by a controlled metered supply of the feed material such that it varies up and down between a plurality of relative maximum and minimum values about a predefined temperature value. - An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the cyclically recurring pauses are provided for the intermittent activation of the coarse fraction delivery (50) and the supply of the feed material (10) takes place continually or intermittently with a frequency which is at least twice, preferably three times or a multiple of times greater in comparison with the frequency of the coarse fraction delivery (50).
- An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the grading means (40) which are arranged between the milling chamber (21) and the first outlet opening (4), or inside the first outlet opening, are manufactured by means of screens, screen elements, perforated metal sheets, slits, rods or the like.
- An apparatus in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the milling chamber (21) contains at least one rotor (6) which can be rotated inside a cylindrical peripheral surface (22) as comminution means and in that the grading means (40) are arranged at least in the region of a rotational plane of the rotor on the peripheral surface.
- A method for the operation of the comminution apparatus (1) in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the control (8) is carried out with respect to power measurements by determination of parameters proportional to the drive power, in particular by measurements of the current (I) taken up by the drive, or is carried out with respect to at least one temperature measurement in or at the milling chamber (21), wherein the closing mechanism (30) at the input side is controlled by means of these power measurements or by means of these temperature measurements, while the outlet side delivery mechanism (50) is periodically activated in accordance with predefined intervals of the cyclically recurring pauses or also activated in a controlled manner by means of the power measurements or the temperature measurements and a new work cycle is begun with a supply of feed material (10) after activation of the delivery mechanism in each case.
- A method in accordance with claim 5 characterised in that the regulation is carried out in such a way that an optimum utilisation with respect to the ratio between throughput rate and average drive power is achieved by means of a temporal evening out of the machine loading.
- A method in accordance with claim 5 or claim 6 characterised in that the regulation is carried out in such a way that at most 90% or 80%, preferably even less of the maximum power range is exploited for the drive power.
- A method in accordance with any one of the claims 5 to 7 characterised in that the comminution apparatus (1) is integrated as a system component into a network-like system in which, using an upstream system component, fine material is previously extracted from the feed material (10) for the purpose of a smaller loading of the communition apparatus.
- A method in accordance with claim 8 characterised in that the delivered coarse material is treated further in a system component arranged downstream and in this arrangement any valuable substances such as metal parts which are possibly exposed, are separated, and/or a further comminution is carried out, wherein a part of the so-treated coarse material, in particular a fraction with smaller fragments, can be returned into the upstream comminution apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05405386A EP1616625B1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-06-16 | Comminution device and method of operating the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04405449 | 2004-07-14 | ||
EP05405386A EP1616625B1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-06-16 | Comminution device and method of operating the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1616625A1 EP1616625A1 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
EP1616625B1 true EP1616625B1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
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ID=34932199
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP05405386A Not-in-force EP1616625B1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-06-16 | Comminution device and method of operating the same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1616625B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE509702T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1616625T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2365401T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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DE102010006916A1 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-04 | Schäfer Elektrotechnik und Sondermaschinen GmbH, 67308 | Apparatus and method for producing a fine-grained fuel by drying and impact crushing |
DE102011080375A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-07 | Vescon System Ag | Method and device for producing organic fibrous materials or granules |
DE102017108106B3 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-04-26 | Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau | Apparatus and method for separating material composites |
AT520269A1 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2019-02-15 | A Tec Holding Gmbh | Crushing device for various materials |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3335968A (en) * | 1965-02-05 | 1967-08-15 | Kaiser Ind Corp | Scrap shredding and separating device |
DE19600482A1 (en) * | 1995-11-11 | 1997-05-15 | Schaefer Elektrotechnik Sonder | Recycling process for mixed plastics including other materials |
-
2005
- 2005-06-16 EP EP05405386A patent/EP1616625B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-06-16 ES ES05405386T patent/ES2365401T3/en active Active
- 2005-06-16 AT AT05405386T patent/ATE509702T1/en active
- 2005-06-16 DK DK05405386.3T patent/DK1616625T3/en active
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ES2365401T3 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
EP1616625A1 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
DK1616625T3 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
ATE509702T1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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