EP1613918A2 - Automatic personal weapon with electronic management and caseless ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a personal weapon for automatic firing of caseless ammunition, provided with an electronic firing controller with biometric identification of the person firing. The weapon has a sealing device for the chamber based on using segments or petals for variation of bore size mechanically or with gas pressure. A delay in opening the breech/barrel unit my be introduced using spigots driven by propellant gases. A device for sequencing compartments in tandem in the magazine uses the reduction volume of ammunition to double the power of the firearm. A fixed lock permits the integral locking of breech, trigger, magazine and disassembly bolt. A telescopic extension device for the barrel increases the power of the ammunition and a gas bleed in the chamber permits the stabilization of the firing.

Description

 AUTOMATIC INDIVIDUAL WEAPON WITH ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT AND CASE-FREE AMMUNITION

TEC AREA! INIQUE OF I / INVENT ION.

Ia present invention relates to an individual weapon of small caliber defined so as to guarantee its inviolability and its use by only authorized persons in order to ensure a perfect conliole of its detention Λ this effect, it includes a device of identification moφhologique ( fingerprint) of the killer coupled to an electrical firing device of a munition without a case 11 is claii that this formula clears the yardstick of any electromagnetic magnetic locking mechanism easy to circumvent as much as the use of conventional peicussion ammunition cential and case that anyone can easily download at home I. this present me is therefore aimed primarily at governments and agencies concerned with the serial control of detention and the fight against the pioliferation of the likes Vn effect, production ammunition without case according to the invention does not jump jump obtained in a private workshop and requires a tec hnology that only governments are able to authorize and control 1, ^' aι e pat elsewhere takes advantage of the small footprint that characterizes ammunition to significantly increase the firepower due to a compartmentalized charger This major advantage is a new deal in terms of armaments since the application of the principle of the invention makes it possible to increase in extraordinary proportions the firepower

I e very principle of the yardstick the development of a safety of relaxation particularly easy to be implemented and novatiice the counter-relaxation Its principle eliminates any eπeui of coordination, in particular in the event of stress, and its formula of security is the only to be able to remain engaged permanently and is released a fiaclion of a second before a reflex shot The weapon finally and above all includes a sealing system of ammunition chamber without particularly reliable and simple case, a volume increase system of this chamber as well as a key device for total prohibition of firing, disassembly, breech movement and magazine I, the arτne thus defined comprises a central computer, - a clock, an electrical source (battery, battery), a device morphological identification of the gun, an electric firing device, a combined ignition / cartridge ejection device, - an extractor lifting device , a sealing device for a chamber with mechanical expansion or by pressure of segment ga, a device for borrowing ga piopulseur at the level of the periphery of the piston head, a device for borrowing ga / piopulseur at level the firing cuvette, - a bolt / barrel fastening device by lugs to ga, a magazine with two compartments, a sequencer device for the magazine compartments, a shooting stabilization device, a counter-trigger safety device, - a telescopic barrel, keyed locking device, a recuperator spring lined with one or more conductive wires, a port for connection to a computer ETATANEEKIEURDELATECIB "THAT

US Patent 5,603,179 A (Adam HEI O B) of February 1997 describes a safety mechanism for triggering a weapon by identifying the user's fingerprint. The contact details of the imprint are contained in a unfortunately removable cassette and therefore conducive to rapid change, all without protection since no inviolability barrier by access code or the like is provided. The device is designed to be mounted on an ammunition weapon with a mechanical percussion holster by striker. An electromagnetic type device (electromagnet), connected to the identification device, ensures that percussion is prohibited until identification is ensured.

It is clear that such a system is particularly easy to bypass since it suffices to remove the blocking electromagnet to free the weapon from its selective fire authorization capacity. The author also provides a switch to turn on the weapon, which is not conducive to a reflex shot.

Finally, the integration of the selective identification device leads, given the persistence of the classic linkage elements and other transmissions as well as the addition of new components (cassette or card, electromagnet, batteries ...), an increase volume causing oversizing of the weapon at the handle detrimental to its use by small hands. This patent, on the other hand, describes a fully electronic weapon whose elements (calculator, batteries, electronic card ...) ensuring the complete management of all functions including identification are housed in the single breech causing no increase volume. The absence of any removable card and other mechanical lock guarantees the inviolability of the weapon.

There are numerous attempts to resolve the problem of simplifying ammunition by removing cases. Most of the formulas proposed to date focus on the more or less complete combustion of cases and on the telescoped design of ammunition.

Patents 86 13507, WO 93/18364 & WO 96/17220 of Dynamit Nobel describe a formula of telescoped ammunition of small caliber complex compared to the formula retained for the present invention. These ammunition have the particular disadvantage of ejecting a plastic closure cap during firing.

This patent proposes an improvement to the telescoped design of ammunition without a case with, in particular, a special housing for the electrical primer making it possible to reduce the size of the ammunition and eliminating any need for a cap or other protection.

The use of ammunition without a case also leads to the need to obtain a perfectly sealed ammunition chamber during the combustion of the propellant. Many formulas have been patented and tested without apparent success, no doubt attributable to the maintenance of conventional mechanical percussion and to the complexity of the sealing devices used.

Thus, US Pat. No. 3,345,770 A (Scanlon J.J.), dating from October 1967, proposes a weapon intended for firing ammunition without a case which has the distinction of not having an extraction groove. The author designs a chamber whose sealing is ensured by a mandrel comprising a plastic seal located between two open segments. The author does not specify anything as to the leaks inherent in the opening of these segments, the section of which is square, as shown by their drawing in Figures 2 and 3.

Lines 22 to 24 of § 2 shed more light on the sealing principle adopted by Scanlon. In fact, they clearly show a diameter of the O-ring greater than the bore of the piston since the rounded funnel neck is supposed to compress it in order to format it, all without prejudging friction causing delays in closing of the breech, therefore an altered rate of fire with risk of blockage. The seal therefore clearly rests on the plastic gasket that the single head segment cannot fully protect from hot gas attacks. The choice of plastic material (neoprene, teflon ... column 2 line 18) leads us to wonder about the temperature resistance of this joint when we know that these materials have a melting point located around 250 ° C for the most resistant and that the gas temperature reaches 1800 ° C. The weapon being provided for automatic firing, it is a safe bet that heating of the chamber and segments does not quickly cause a softening, a cooking or a fusion of the joint with risk of fouling, sticking to the chamber, clutch of the weapon then rupture with leakage of gases towards the gunner with the key.

To increase the longevity of the O-ring, the author should have used two segments joined to one another and placed before the plastic seal (and not separated by this seal, the rear segment providing no protection) and indexed so that their openings are not facing each other. This solution would have had the advantage of eliminating gas leaks by opening the head segment and improving the conformity of the segments with the cylinder without however ensuring a real seal.

However, the presence of the segments framing the seal and undergoing the same forces nevertheless suggests that their diameter is necessarily greater than the bore of the piston otherwise they would have no reason to be, the protection of the seal against hot gases being then provided by the piston itself.

Curiously Scanlon JJ does not evoke the consequence of this oversizing of the diameter of the segments resulting in an inevitable scraping / planing of the entry of the neck of the feed ramp by the square section (see Figure 2) cutting of the segment acting like a planer . This effect will appear regardless of the profile of the neck (rounded, conical ...) and the angle of attack, as minimal as it is, since it governs the principle of the plane. Putting the weapon out of use is then inevitable, the shooter having no possibility of compressing the segments inside their housing to favor the introduction of the chuck into his chamber, any new attempt at movement before the cylinder head ending in a blockage.

Even more hazardous is the risk of destruction of ammunition by planing due to the segments. One can easily imagine the effects of scraper segments on a compacted powder loaf. Undoubtedly in order to mitigate this risk the author reports a nozzle on the lower face of the breech (level 44 of figure 2) whose function is obviously to produce a depression of the cartridges during the retraction of the head of cylinder head to avoid contact of the segments with said cartridges. The author does not seem, moreover, to perceive the consequences of the necessary sinking produced by the passage of this nozzle on the cartridges stacked in the magazine during the movement of the breech, with risk of jamming and blocking of said breech and destruction powdered ammunition.

In addition, this nozzle can not in any case avoid contact of the segments with the base of the ammunition despite the presentation of the cartridges at a strong nose-up angle. To be convinced, it suffices to simulate the recoil of the cylinder head to see that there is necessarily contact, once the bus discovers the base of said ammunition, segments with the loaf of powder. The destruction of the latter by lifting / scraping is then very likely. Finally, no device for extracting a chambered cartridge is provided, exposing the user to the clutching of his weapon in the event of faulty ammunition. This should then remove the magazine, open the breech and push from the entrance of the barrel with an ad hoc rod to try to extract the cartridge with the danger that we know in case of long fire.

The author also specifies nothing about the length of the sealing chamber, which is nevertheless decisive for the safety of the weapon: a too short chamber irreparably leads to an overly hasty opening exposing the gunner and the ammunition of the magazine to the burning gases of the detonation.

In conclusion, the Scanlon patent for a weapon intended for repeated firing by mechanical percussion of ammunition without a case corresponds to an incomplete study in which the author proposes a dangerous sealing formula based on the use of a fragile seal composed of irrational scheduling segments (one segment behind the plastic gasket), without prejudice to their inevitable planing of the insertion neck like ammunition with the gun engaged, all without prejudice to the absence of extractor which exposes the user in the event of a cartridge failure.

The present patent, on the other hand, palliates these design errors by causing mechanically or by gas pressure the uniform expansion of leak-free sealing segments thanks to the adoption of a suitable format. This formula also guarantees an absence of a clutch during the forward movement of the cylinder head and an absolute reliability of temperature resistance. This patent finally ensures the firing of electric ammunition as well as the extraction of cartridges at will, which cannot be assured by the Scanlon J.J.

Patent FR 2 308 076 A (CIVOLANI Bruno) of November 1976 describes a percussion system for a weapon using self-propelled projectiles provided with peripheral primers as described in Italian patents Nos. 932.381 and 972.058. These projectiles constitute real ammunition without a case but suffer from serious problems of stability on trajectory and of precision attributable to the deformation caused by percussion on the cylindrical wall of the projectile. The delay in opening the chamber is obtained by the retraction of a closing pivot, similar to the mandrel of US Pat. No. 3,345,770, of the same diameter as the projectile and the length of which is such that the opening occurs after the exit. from the cannon projectile. The tightness of such a chamber is not mentioned by the author, who grinds the mandrel, in the attached figures, with radial grooves not mentioned in the description.

JJ is clear in any event that the mere presence of these grooves cannot ensure correct gas tightness, or, if they received sealing rings, prevent blocking of the breech during forward movement, rendering the weapon dangerous to use. Finally, no mention of an extractor is made both in the description and on the attached plates, suggesting that the author, like JJ Scanlon with his patent US 3,345,770, did not solve this crucial problem. The principle of this weapon is limited to an automatic operation since there is systematic percussion of the projectile as soon as the chamber is closed. However, the movement of an inertial mass forward at the time of the firing leads to an inexorable disturbance of the line of sight prejudicial to the accuracy. The weapons (MAT 49, UZI ...) operating according to this principle are too imprecise and either withdrawn from service, or modified (UZI) to adopt a chambered cartridge percussion mode.

The present patent describes, on the other hand, a particularly precise ammunition without a holster since the projectile is not affected, during firing, by any incision or deformation liable to affect its precision. The weapon thus proposed comprises a perfect sealing chamber provided with a faulty ammunition extractor.

Patent FR 849 727 A (Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellshaft) of February 1939 describes a weapon for the automatic firing of shell ammunition with systematic percussion at the end of the chambering of the ammunition. This system suffers from the same drawbacks as those of patent FR 2 308 076 A (CrVOLANI Bruno), namely a sudden advance of the breech with chambering of the cartridge at the time of the firing, deemed to be imprecise because of the masses set in motion. For information, this formula has been developed for machine guns so as to avoid self-ignition (cook-ofï) of the cartridges put in a hot chamber, this is why the ammunition is introduced only to be systematically struck upon closing from the room. The barrel breech fastening system of patent FR 849 727 is controlled by the pressure recoil of gases borrowed downstream from the barrel, of a piston secured to the striker actuating in turn the unlocking blocking of movable locks.

This system is particularly complex since it relies on the use of pins moved mechanically by the displacement of the striker with the inevitable problems of wear by friction which this solution involves. If the control of the drawer piston ensuring the movement of the striker is carried out well by borrowing gas, the principle of this patent requires a bulky architecture substantially increasing the size of the weapon as much as its weight due to the number of elements ( jacket & piston parallel to the breech, conduits ...) involved. Thus, this solution requires a long gas sampling pipe running along the barrel in order to borrow the gases at the end just before the exit of the ball.

Even more surprising is the absence of extractor both in the description and on the attached plates, suggesting that the author, like JJ Scanlon (US patent 3,345,770) and CIVOLANI Bruno (patent FR 2 308 076 A) n was unable to solve this crucial problem with its room formula. We will not return to the effects of such negligence if an ammunition fails.

Consequently the patent FR 849 727 shows a complexity of the mechanical locking system with underlying wear, a consequent number of parts, an unsuitability for firing ammunition without a case, an inaccuracy resulting from the late chambering of the ammunition and an inability to extract failed ammunition.

The present patent describes, on the other hand, a bolt / barrel locking system by tenons driven by the gases directly borrowed from the firing cup. This formula eliminates all piping, piston, jacket and other additional accessories, is particularly light, easy and economical to implement (a simple milling is enough), and does not lead to any increase in size.

This arrangement has the enormous advantage of avoiding any risk of blockage which may result from the modification of a post due to wear. Finally, the proposed formula uses ammunition without a case which can be extracted in the event of failure, which patent FR 849727 is incapable of achieving. Patents 79 06 106, 83 07 602 & 83 07 603 from Heckler & Koch describe a rifle using ammunition without a case, the chamber sealing being ensured by a particularly complex device based on a 180 ° rotation of the chamber. The cartridge is fed by gravity, lending itself to many problems when the weapon is in motion. The rotation of the chamber (borrowed, moreover, from the old principle of water taps) does not guarantee any impermeability to the propellants free to go up towards the supply channel. This formula leads to a great complexity of the rotation mechanism of the chamber and has been abandoned.

Patent FR 2 082 183 A (Fabrications Meca Ste Mo) of March 1970 describes a safety device blocking the trigger of a weapon under the effect of a pressure exerted at the rear of the trigger tail and towards the before causing the engagement of a transverse release button. This system is based on a "floating" trigger assembly which does not have an axis of rotation but only supports via bosses: this formula prohibits any possibility of adjusting the trigger hardness and limits its use to only assembly on the conventional percussion weapons without being able to meet the requirements of electric firearms. The presence of the lock on one side of the weapon also prohibits any possibility of ambidextrous use and, simultaneously, deprives the shooter of the perception of this security when he approaches the weapon on the side opposite to that comprising the pusher. This patent, on the other hand, includes a trigger safety device compatible with electrical and perfectly ambidextrous use mechanisms, implemented by forward rotation of the trigger tail having in particular the advantage of being immediately visible regardless of which side you are looking at the weapon from.

US Patent 5,705,763 (Jorge A. LEON) of January 1998 describes a device for transforming a semi-automatic weapon into an automatic weapon. Only intended for semi-automatic weapons with movable breech and mechanical percussion, this device allows a selection of the shot by a particular positioning of the trigger tail using a pressure exerted at the rear and towards the 'forward so as to produce a tilt. This device does not provide any security function, its simple purpose is to produce an automatic repeating shot when the trigger tail is in a certain position. This patent, on the other hand, proposes the use of a forward movement of the trigger tail in order to block said trigger and is not to be confused with that of a selective semi-auto / auto shot.

US Patent 4,833,808 A (Stravan TRAVIS) of May 1989 describes a recoil damping system comprising a co-cylindrical mass with the barrel whose projection towards the front is effected by borrowing gases. This device, intended to be mounted at the end of the barrel, weighs down the weapon and modifies its balancing and its length. It also requires perfect harmonization of the pitch of its stripes with those of the barrel in a particularly delicate assembly that the author does not approach despite its important and dangerous nature.

This device limits its effect to that of an anti-recoil the effectiveness of which is closely linked to the synchronization with the recoil of a movable cylinder head which the author does not address. The present patent, on the other hand, stipulates: a mechanism for short recoil of the barrel via a damping effect intended to allow a fastening of the barrel / breech intended to ensure a delay in opening, a device for teleseopic extension of the barrel aiming to increase the ammunition power by creating an expandable chamber. In addition to a certain offset compensation effect, these devices above all perform a function different from that of the TRAVIS patent.

Patent DE 90 17 151.9 U (FDΞLD RC) of December 1990 describes a tandem compartment charger for use of ammunition without a case. The sequencing of the different compartments is carried out by means of rockers actuated by the same ammunition at the start of each tray, from the end of the previous one. This device has several disadvantages, namely: impossibility of use with ammunition of profile other than rectangular, - impossibility of supplying the compartments by hand from the top of the magazine, requiring a specific device which is impractical and feeding the magazine from the bottom, risk of blocking the weapon by jamming the feed pusher (7) in the loader, thus prohibiting any removal of said loader, fragility of the rockers (4) pivoting on an axis fitted within a thin wall which can lead to risks of jamming, need to supply the compartments in a precise order (before, middle then rear) under penalty of blockage by the rocker of the compartment or compartments which would not have been supplied in compliance with this order, limitation of use of the magazine to the only weapon comprising a feed pusher. The present patent, on the other hand, describes the operation of an ammunition magazine without a case comprising two compartments which can be easily and independently supplied, the sequencing of which is ensured by a mechanism located on the weapon which does not require any feed push button with its inherent risks. blocking.

DESCWmONDELTNVEiVπON

The invention consists of a weapon specifically adapted to firing ammunition without a case, semi-automatic and automatic. The use of this ammunition requires an electrical ignition and specific chamber sealing device as defined below.

Description of plates 1 to 28/28

Plate 1/28 has 4 figures (1/1, 1/2, 2/1 & 2/2) describing the principle of ammunition without a case in version provided with a propellant (fig. 1/1 & 1/2) solid at the back and in a telescoped version (fig. 2/1 & 2/2).

Plate 2/28 has 1 figure (3) showing the top view in section of the barrel / breech / mandrel assembly with the extractor opening mechanism by lifting ramp.

Plate 3/28 has 2 figures (4 & 5) showing the elements in section making up the breech mandrel of the weapon for the borrowing of gas at the level of the firing bowl.

Plate 4/28 has 4 figures (6/1, 6/2, 6/3 & 6/4) showing the sealing mechanism of the segment expansion chamber by pressure of gases borrowed from the firing cup. Plate 5/28 has 4 figures (6/5, 6/6, 6/7 & 6/8) showing the sealing mechanism of the chamber with segment expansion by pressure of the gases borrowed from the periphery of the head piston.

Plate 6/28 has 3 figures (6/9, 6/10 & 6/11) showing the sealing mechanism of the expansion chamber of concentric segments by pressure of the gases borrowed from the periphery of the firing bowl.

Plate 7/28 has 3 figures (6/12, 6/13 & 6/14) presenting a sealing mechanism by nested segments. Figure 6/12 shows a longitudinal section view of the piston head, Figure 6/13 shows the side view of the bayonet of the outer segment, Figure 6/14 shows the top view of the mounting of two segments

(41 quart) and (41 quint) nested.

Plate 8/28 has 5 figures (6/15, 6/16, 6/17, 6/18 & 6/19) presenting a sealing mechanism reinforced by the use of an expanding sealing corolla / compression by a combined effect of variation in curvature and torsion of its section.

Plate 9/28 has 7 figures (6/20, 7/1, 7/2, 7/3, 7/4, 7/5 & 7/6) showing the chamber sealing mechanisms by gas expansion and segment mechanics.

Plate 10/28 has 2 figures (7/7 & 7/8) showing the mechanism for delaying the opening of the breech / barrel by tenons driven by gas and housed in the barrel (fig. 7/7) or in the mandrel (fig. 7/8). Plate 11/28 has 2 figures (8 & 9) showing the sectional view of the weapon and its short recoil mechanism of the barrel, counter-trigger safety engaged.

Plate 12 28 includes 2 figures (10 & 11) showing the sectional view of the weapon with the burst stabilization device and the safety device against counter-triggering not engaged. Plate 13/28 has 1 figure (12) showing the sectional view of the trigger guard lock weapon.

Plate 14/28 has 1 figure (13) showing the sectional view of the open trigger gun.

Plate 15/28 has 2 figures (14 & 15) showing the sectional view of the magazine, the front compartment provided with a remaining cartridge and the full rear compartment, as well as the device for limiting the capacity of the rear compartment and the system distribution and arrangement in three piles of ammunition. Plate 16/28 has 3 figures (16, 17 & 18) showing the sectional view of the magazine when it is engaged in the weapon with the front compartment full, the head cartridge supposed to bear on the breech (mandrel) and the ammunition of the rear compartment (fig. 17) lowered into their well under the action of the cartridge retainer, the capacity limitation device of the rear compartment authorizing an additional insertion.

Plate 17/28 has 1 figure (19) showing the sectional view of the loaded magazine weapon, one piece of ammunition remaining in the front compartment and two held down in the rear compartment under the action of the coupling mechanism.

Plate 18/28 has 1 figure (20) showing the sectional view of the weapon and of the compartment coupling mechanism before the opening of the hook locking the arm of the cartridge retainer.

Plate 19/28 has 1 figure (21) showing the sectional view of the weapon and of the operation of the mechanism for coupling the magazine compartments to the opening of the hook releasing the arm of the cartridge retainer under the action of the front transporter button.

Plate 20/28 has 1 figure (22) showing the sectional view of the loaded magazine weapon, empty front and rear compartment supplied with two cartridges released from the action of the cartridge retainer.

Plate 21 // 28 includes 1 figure (23) showing the sectional view of the weapon with its breech retainer and its quadruple locking mechanism: trigger guard, counter-trigger safety device, breech and magazine well, before fitting the lock.

Plate 22/28 has 1 figure (24) showing the sectional view of the weapon and its quadruple locking mechanism: trigger guard, counter-trigger safety device, cylinder head and magazine well, lock in place.

Plate 23/28 has 1 figure (25) showing the sighting device with a fast visual acquisition rail and its adjustment system by micrometric screw.

Plate 24/28 has 1 figure (26) showing the retracted telescopic barrel device.

Plate 25/28 has 1 figure (27) showing the telescopic gun device in extension.

Plate 26/28 includes 1 figure (28) presenting the sectional view of the electronic weapon with electric firing chuck, fire selector, magazine well, contactors for the counter of remaining shots, fingerprint recognition block digital of the shooter and shooting authorization, supply batteries and their housing.

Plate 27/28 has 1 figure (29) showing a sectional view of the electronic weapon comprising a rotator for managing firing orders at the trigger.

Plate 28/28 has 1 figure (30) presenting the organizational diagram of the electronic gunner identification and firing system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE AMMUNITION (BOARD 1 28, FIG. 1, 1a, 2 & 2a).

The weapon is adapted to the shooting of any type of ammunition without case of various calibers whose general shape is cylindrical and includes an extraction groove at the rear. Thus, the ammunition can be indifferently composed of a projectile at the front (fig. 1/1 & 1/2) coupled to a solidified propellant (2) at the rear or else of the telescoped type (fig. 2/1 & 2/2, n ° 13), that is to say composed of a bullet (13) embedded in a gangue (14) of solid propellant comprising a groove for engaging the extractor claw (6) at the rear and a front opening of the same caliber as the bale. Said bullet comprises at the rear a bowl (15) containing an agent (5) intended for priming the propellant and its position in the gangue is such that it can be closed off by a conductive and combustible cover (4).

This provision provides excellent protection of the primer against any risk of inadvertent ignition by making a Faraday type anti-radiation cage. The exceptional compactness of the ammunition thus obtained will be used to significantly increase the firepower.

Note: a variant of ammunition (pi. 1/28, fig. 1/2) with coupling of the thruster at the rear can be achieved by extending the cover in a skirt (3) covering the thruster and in particular the extraction groove in order to prevent any risk of deterioration of said propellant in the event of violent ejection of an ammunition, in particular when the inertia of the latter is high (large caliber for example). Any other formula ensuring the shielding of the extraction groove would participate in the same protection. Ammunition manufacturing methods.

The propellant is either molded at the back of the ball or molded around the ball in order to form the gangue (14) in one go. The primer is housed before or after the overmolding operation, the cover or conductive patch is affixed at the end of the operation so as to guarantee the tightness of the ammunition. This formula has many advantages both in terms of reduction of production cost and sealing. The addition of a tracing composition at the bottom of the skirt will make it possible to locate the ammunition only from the rear sector, accentuating the discretion of the shot.

DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE WEAPON (Plates 2 to 28/28)

The weapon chosen for demonstration is preferably but not exclusively an automatic pistol, the principle of the invention can be extended to all calibers and types of weapons. The weapon works according to a chamber sealing principle by piston cylinder head with delay in opening by recoil of said piston. This sealing principle can be adapted to any caliber of weapons (including artillery).

Weapons of conventional design use ammunition with holster, the latter ensuring the tightness of the chamber during the short period of time separating the firing from the output of the ammunition from the barrel. The delay in opening is then generally obtained by blocking the holster in the chamber via a cannon-slide connection held fixed during the path of the ammunition in the barrel.

In the case of use of ammunition without holster according to the invention, the tightness and the delay in opening, necessary for an optimal yield of the weapon, are simultaneously ensured by one or more segments located on the periphery of a piston (18), integral with the cylinder head, the recoil of which is progressive in a sealing chamber (62). This chamber (62) is an extension of and adjacent to the ammunition chamber (61) which comprises, as required: a reception and lifting housing (59) for the attachment device (extractor) from the throat of the ammunition, a propellant borrowing vent (90) located near the chamber inlet, and said breech piston chamber (62) comprising, as required, housings (56 bis) for receiving pins for securing the barrel with the cylinder head piston.

This system guarantees absolute security by designing a perfectly sealed chamber during firing, eliminating any potential disappointment specific to current solutions which are based on the fragile resistance of a case too often requested during numerous reloads.

Indeed, holstered ammunition weapons show a conceptual weakness generally ignored by users: the solidity of the weapon during firing follows the principle of resistance of a chain, subordinated to that of the weakest link. However, the holster is in many ways this weak link in the firing chain.

The case not only plays the role of joint when it is pressed against the walls of the chamber at the start of the blow, but it is also it which collects all the load of effort on its rear part (base). However, the latter is in the open air on most current automatic weapons, conditioning the sealing of the firing chamber to its sole resistance. We therefore measure the importance of the risk posed to users by a formula whose logic of holsters is historically borrowed from revolvers which, themselves, guarantee better resistance since the base of the holster is embedded in the barrel and in support total on the shield (or back of the barrel) of the weapon during the shooting.

No user of an automatic weapon is therefore protected against the risks of cracking the primer or rupture of the wall of the case, in particular at the level of the base, and the terrible release of hot gases which follows. The numerous accidents recorded following successive recharging are there to bear witness to this.

The weapon according to the invention, on the other hand, ensures perfect safety when fired based on a technique of total charging of the ammunition by a piston in a chamber whose sealing is ensured by a self-expanding seal during firing. This formula offers the resistance of the thick steel walls of the piston and the barrel without common measure with that of brass cases. The weapon uses, in a first mode of operation, a barrel fixed to the carcass and therefore consists of a limited number of parts. This characteristic should have significant economic repercussions in terms of production cost, maintenance, reliability and rate of fire. The weapon includes two main parts (Plates 2 to 28/28): 1 - The slide assembly or movable breech.

- (16) slide or movable cylinder head,

- (17) cylinder head mandrel.

The cylinder head mandrel comprises the piston shell and the skirt: - (18) piston, - (20) skirt,

- (20 bis) skirt head, - (21) extractor,

- (22) foot extractor, - (23) extractor return button,

- (24) spring of the extractor return button,

- (25) igniter / ejector buffer stop,

- (26) striker valve stem,

- (27) igniter / ejector, - (28) igniter insulator

- (29) igniter spring,

- (30) igniter / ejector extension,

- (39) longitudinal gas supply channel (communicating with 40),

- (40) radial gas supply channel (communicating with 39), - (40 bis) gas supply groove (communicating with 42 bis),

- (40 ter) light or gas supply niche,

- (40 quart) piston head;

- (41) sealing segment,

- (41a) sealing segment with trapezoidal profile, - (41b) sealing segment with asymmetrical trapezoidal profile,

- (41 quart) internal sealing segment with angled profile,

- (41 quint) external sealing segment with angled profile,

- (41 six) closed expandable annular segment,

- (Sept 41) closed sealing segment with corolla, - (Oct 41) patellar sealing corolla,

- (41 nove) patellar sealing corolla with crown,

- (41 ten) sealing corolla crown,

- (41 eleven) piston with integrated patellar corolla,

- (42) segment housing or corolla, - (42a) gas circulation groove,

- (42b) pin,

- (42 quart) segment foot reception groove or corolla,

- (42 quint) sealing shoulder,

- (42 six) sealing shoulder, - (42 oct) tiered washer for sealing corollas,

- (42 nove) conical shoulder of corolla crown travel,

- (43) longitudinal gas supply channel orifice,

- (44) central sleeve,

- (44 bis) central sleeve head, - (44 ter) return spring for the central sleeve,

- (45) central sleeve sealing thrust bearing,

- (45 bis) tapered bearing,

- (45b) tapered bearing,

- (45 quart) expandable washer seat bearing, - (46) expandable washer,

- (47) spring pump,

- (48) conical flare sealing of firing cup,

- (50) housing of the extractor lifter assembly (23), spring (24) and ejector stop (25), - (51) mandrel skirt sealing cone,

- (52) orifice for communication with the gas supply channels (39 & 40),

- (54) spherical post, - (54 bis) ball,

- (55) conical post, - (56) housing for locking posts,

- (56 bis) accommodation for room studs,

- (56 ter) housing for a sliding post.

2 - The carcass assembly with barrel and magazine:

- (57) recovery spring,

- (58) entry of no scratch on the barrel,

- (59) extractor lifting ramp,

- (60) cannon, - (61) ammunition chamber,

- (62) sealing chamber with housing for receiving the mandrel piston,

- (63) carcass,

- (64) trigger tail,

- (65) return spring of the trigger tail, - (65 bis) return spring (counter-rotating) of the trigger tail,

- (66) trigger guard lock,

- (66 bis) trigger guard lock pin,

- (67) housing for the trigger guard lock pin,

- (67 bis) circular cam, - (67 ter) offset,

- (68) counter-trigger,

- (69) counter-trigger housing,

- (70) counter-trigger return spring,

- (77) ejection shoe, - (78) slide travel stop,

- (78a) slide retainer,

- (78 ter) notch for engaging the slide retainer post,

- (79) magazine lock lever,

- (80) magazine lock hook, - (81) fire selector,

- (81 bis) fire selector arm,

- (90) anti-kickback gas borrow hole,

- (91) radial anti-recoil gas passage channel,

- (92) anti-kickback gas channel or tube towards the end of the slide, - (93) anti-kickback gas ejection vent,

- (94) closure plug for the slide channel,

- (95) charger with two tandem compartments,

- (95 bis) side face of compartment inclined at X degrees,

- (95 ter) side face of compartment inclined at Y degrees, - (96) loader lips common to the two compartments,

- (97) front magazine compartment,

- (98) rear magazine compartment,

- (98 bis) inter-compartment central wall,

- (98b) rear carrier lug circulation slot, - (99) front carrier or lifting platform,

- (100) transporter or rear lifting board,

- (100 bis) rear compartment carrier lug,

- (101) transporter button,

- (102) cartridge retainer arm hook, - (102 bis) latch for engaging the cartridge retainer hook,

- (102 ter) cam for opening the cartridge retainer arm hook, (103) cartridge stopper in the rear compartment, (103a) horizontal stopper of cartridge stopper, (103b) hooking arm of the cartridge stopper,

(104) cartridge retainer return spring,

(105) loader catch hook notch, (105 bis) transporter stop,

(105b) insertion tab of rear compartment capacity limitation bar,

(106) rear compartment capacity limiting bar,

(106 bis) return spring for the compartment capacity limiting strip, (106 ter) slot for receiving the lug of the rear carrier,

(107) cradle of the cannon,

(108) grooves for receiving the guide rails of the barrel,

(109) horizontal barrel guide rails,

(110) shock absorber spring, (110 bis) recuperator spring,

(111) barrel stroke stop ring,

(112) bayonet studs for fixing the ring,

(113) lock housing,

(114) removable lock,

(115) loader well locking rod,

(115 bis) pin of the loader well locking rod,

(116) magazine spring for locking the magazine well,

(117) U-shaped sighting ramp or rail,

(118) micrometric screw, (118 bis) ball ratchet,

(119) sight rail / micrometric screw connecting piece,

(120) handlebars,

(121) retaining rings connecting piece / sighting rail,

(122) sight rail pivot,

(123) substrate applied to the front face of the trigger tail,

(124) electronic ignition chuck,

(125) general circuit energizing contactor, (125 bis) firing rotator,

(125 ter) computer information feed wire, (125 quarter) trigger information feed wire,

(126) blow / blow switch,

(127) burst fire switch,

(128) complete cylinder head closing microswitch,

(129) charger type identification switch,

(130) front carrier position switches (full & empty),

(131) rear carrier position switches (full & empty),

(132) display,

(133) central computation block and moφhological identification module,

(134) battery,

(135) storage of the fingerprints of authorized persons,

(136) storage of the fingerprints of the enabling persons,

(137) port,

(138) telescopic internal barrel, (138 bis) internal barrel bearing, (138 ter) internal barrel barrel,

(139) barrel housing,

(140) outer barrel,

(140 bis) outer barrel bearing, (140 ter) inner shoulder,

(141) return spring,

(142) telescopic barrel extension stop,

(143) conical manifold. WATERPROOFING OF THE ROOM

First mode (Plate 4 28, fig. 6/1 to 6/4):

In a first embodiment of the seal, the skirt (20) of the mandrel comprises a housing (42) for receiving a single segment (41) or a pair (fig. 6/3) of segments ( 41 quart & quint) sealing. This housing (42), consisting of a circumferential groove of dimensions and section adjusted to that of the segment (s), is characterized in that it is hollowed out by a second concentric groove (42 bis) and more deep, gas circulation, comprising radial channels or orifices (40) communicating with channels (39) parallel to the central axis of the piston and opening into the single firing bowl. The segment or the pair of sealing segments (41, 41bis, quarter & quint) adopt an appropriate section: square (41), trapezoidal symmetrical (41bis) or asymmetrical (41b), at an angle, square or any other suitable formula and are preferably but not exclusively of the open bayonet type (fig. 6/2 & 6/3) or other and characterized in that, in the case of a couple, their mounting is concentric and superimposed it is to say one inside the other and such that, retracted in the rest position inside the receiving groove, the outside diameter of the segment or pair of segments remains less than the bore or diameter of the piston . The curvature at rest of said segments is such that they perfectly match, during expansion, the reception chamber of the piston.

The supeφosed segments, the respective thicknesses and heights of which may be different, are mounted indexed so that the opening of one is not opposite that of the other. To this end, each segment has at the upper level of its opening a notch of dimensions corresponding to that of a pin (42 ter). The two segments are assembled in such a way that their respective notches cooperate with the corresponding radial pin (42 ter) housed in the receiving groove and ensuring their indexing at 180 °.

In the case of segments with a square or L section, indexing, preferably at 180 °, can be obtained either by the presence of an element, of the lug type, integral with one of the segments and cooperating with the opening of the other which includes a notch for receiving this element, the two segments then being mounted idly in their receiving groove, either by the presence of pins (fig. 6/12, 42 ter) housed in the groove of reception in such a way that their head is respectively projecting in the bayonet opening of the corresponding segment. To this end, the openings will include a notch intended to accommodate said pin heads.

Principle of operation:

At the start of the blow, the propellants pass through the conduits (39 & 40) which correspond and lead to the internal fece of the segment (s) (41, 41 bis, ter, quarter & quint) that the pressure, uniformly distributed by circulation in the second groove (42 bis), expands radially which has the effect of pressing the segment or segments against the wall of the chamber (62).

Sealing is then ensured by the combination of: the valve effect between a flat face of the segment (s) and the side of the piston groove, - the contact between the peripheral surface (under gas pressure) uniformly circumferential of the segment (external) and the bore of the cylinder, the systematic obturation by the indexing in opposition of the segments of any window which may arise at the opening of the couple of segments during their expansion, and continues as long as the propellant gas pressure is exerted, that is to say during the path of the bullet in the barrel and the simultaneous recoil of the piston in its chamber.

As soon as the bullet leaves the barrel the pressure drops instantly, the elasticity of the segment (or couple of segments) causes its retraction inside the groove and eliminates any risk of blockage of the piston at the entrance of the chamber. reception (62) during the forward movement of the bolt. The expansion of the segment (or pair of segments) guarantees perfect sealing of the ammunition chamber (61) during the single rear movement of the piston. In order to guarantee a long service life for the segments, they will be made of an elastic material (bronze UE9P, steel, cast iron ...) capable of withstanding the forces of temperature.

The friction of the segment in contact with the cylinder wall can be reduced by the adoption of a slightly convex outer face (some 1/100 of a millimeter) and the application of self-lubricating treatment (titanium nitride, Diamond Like Carbon , amoφhe carbon, molybdenum, graphite ...) suitable. This device constitutes a real system for delaying the opening of the chamber controlled by gas pressure. The advantage of this formula is that it allows the weapon to "digest" a wide variety of ammunition from different hulls, without requiring modification of the barrel or the mass of the breech, taking care however to check that the length of recoil of the sealing piston in its chamber is sufficient for the type of ammunition considered.

Second mode (Plate 5/28, fig. 63 & 6/5 to 6 8):

In a second embodiment of the seal, the piston of the cylinder head mandrel comprising a housing (42) for receiving a single segment or a pair (fig. 6/3) of concentric sealing segments and supeφosés (nested one inside the other) is characterized in that the housing (42) of the segment (s) is hollowed out by a concentric and deeper groove (42 bis) for gas circulation and that '' it has longitudinal grooves (40 bis) in variable number and symmetrically distributed at the periphery of the piston head, lesdkes grooves (40 bis) emerging at the front of the piston to ensure the borrowing of gases for route them to the circulation groove (42 bis) with which they communicate.

The segment or the pair (fig. 6/3) of sealing segments (41, 41bis, ter, quarter & quint) adopt an appropriate section: square (41), trapezoidal (41 bis & ter), in angle, in angle (41 quart & quint) or any other suitable formula and are preferably but not exclusively of the open bayonet type (fig. 6/2) or other and characterized in that they are, in the case of a couple, mounted concentric and superimposed, one inside the other and such that, retracted in the rest position inside the receiving groove, the outside diameter of the segment or pair of segments remains smaller bore or piston diameter. The curvature at rest of said segments is such that they perfectly match, during expansion, the reception chamber of the piston.

The supeφosed segments, the respective thicknesses and heights of which may be different, are mounted indexed so that the opening of one is not opposite that of the other. To this end, each segment has at the upper level of its opening a notch of dimensions corresponding to that of a pin (42 ter). The two segments are assembled in such a way that their respective notches cooperate with the corresponding radial pin (42 ter) housed in the receiving groove and ensuring their indexing at 180 °.

In the case of segments with a square or L section, indexing, preferably at 180 °, can be obtained either by the presence of an element, of the lug type, integral with one of the segments and cooperating with the opening of the other which includes a notch for receiving this element, the two segments then being mounted idly in their receiving groove, either by the presence of pins (fig. 6/12, 42 ter) housed in the groove of reception in such a way that their head is respectively projecting in the bayonet opening of the corresponding segment. To this end, the openings will include a notch intended to accommodate said pin heads.

Principle of operation:

At the start of the blow, the propellants pass through the peripheral grooves (40 bis) of the piston head and exert a uniformly distributed pressure (symmetry of the grooves) on the upper lateral fece of the segment (s) (41, 41 bis, 41 ter, quart & quint) as well as on their internal feces by circulation in the groove (42 bis), which has the effect of pressing the segment (s) against the lower flank of the groove housing (42 ) and (s) expand radially against the wall of the chamber (62) for a perfect seal. In order to facilitate its expansion under the effect of the gas pressure surrounding the piston head, the segment or the couple of segments can adopt a trapezoidal profile (41 bis) symmetrical or asymmetrical (fig. 6/7, 41 ter) mounted as that its inclined face is oriented towards the front of the piston, the small rib (or top) corresponding to the internal face of said segment.

The receiving groove (42) will adopt a corresponding profile. As soon as the segment (or couple of segments) begins to expand under the effect of the gases supplied by the longitudinal grooves, the inclined (trapezoidal) lateral fece of the segment (or couple of segments) traps the peripheral gases which surround the head piston, the assembly then exerting a pressure which tends to press the segment (or pair of segments) perfectly uniformly against the wall of the chamber and the side of the groove of the piston thus ensuring sealing.

As soon as the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops instantly, the elasticity of the segment (or couple of segments) causes its retraction inside its throat and eliminates any risk of blockage of the piston at the entry of the chamber. reception (62) during the next movement before the breech. In order to guarantee a long service life for the segments, they will be made of an elastic material (bronze UE9P, steel, cast iron) capable of withstanding the forces of temperature. The friction of the segment on the cylinder wall can be reduced by the adoption of a slightly convex outer face (some 1/100 of a millimeter) and the application of self-lubricating treatment (titanium nitride, Diamond Like Carbon, carbon amoφhe, molybdenum, graphite ...) suitable. This device constitutes a real system for delaying the opening of the chamber controlled by gas pressure. The advantage of this formula is that it allows the weapon to "digest" a large variety of ammunition of different masses, without requiring modification of the barrel or the mass of the breech, taking care however to check that the length of recoil of the sealing piston in its chamber is sufficient for the type of ammunition considered.

Third mode (Plate 6/28, fig. 6/9, 6/10 & 6/11):

In a third embodiment of the seal, the piston of the cylinder head mandrel is characterized in that the firing cup has radial slots (channels) or else radial slots (40 ter), arranged symmetrically at the periphery, ensuring the communication between the interior of said bowl and the circumferential groove housing (42) of a segment or of a couple of segments (fig. 6/3) of concentric and supeφosed sealing, located around the piston at level of the firing cup. The housing (42) of the segment (s) is of dimensions and section adjusted to those of the segment (s). In the case of use of radial lights, grooves (40 bis) in variable number symmetrically distributed at the periphery of the piston head ensure the borrowing of the gases at the level of the front fece of said piston in order to route them towards the fec rear of the segment (or couple of segments) and combine their efforts with the gases from the firing cup brought in by the lights. A gas circulation groove (42 bis) can be fitted if necessary for an operation combining the advantages of the first and second mode. The segment or the pair of sealing segments (41, 41bis, ter, quarter & quint) adopt an appropriate section: square (41), trapezoidal, angle, square (41 quarter) or any other suitable formula and are preferably but not exclusively of the open bayonet type (fig. 6/2) or other, in the case of a couple mounted concentric and supeφosed, that is to say one inside the other, and characterized in that that they are retracted in the rest position inside the receiving groove, the outside diameter of the segment or pair of segments remaining less than the bore or diameter of the piston. The curvature at rest of said segments is such that they perfectly match, during expansion, the reception chamber of the piston.

Principle of operation:

At the start of the blow, the propellant gases pass through the peripheral slots or slots (40 ter) of the firing bowl and immediately exert a uniformly distributed pressure (symmetry of the slots and slots) on the internal circumferential (lateral) face of the segment or pair of segments (41 quart & quint) as well as on the (radial) face which is directly perpendicular to it in the case of an angled or square section, which has the effect of pressing the segment or pair of segments against the lower flank of their groove housing (42) and expand them radially against the wall of the chamber (62) for a perfect seal. No gas leakage through the segment openings during their expansion is possible since their concentric mounting, superimposed and indexed at 180 ° ensures reciprocal and automatic sealing.

As soon as the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops instantly, the elasticity of the segments causes their retraction inside their groove and eliminates any risk of blockage of the piston at the entrance to the reception chamber (62) during the next movement before the breech.

In order to guarantee a long service life for the segments, they will be made of an elastic material (bronze UE9P, steel, cast iron ...) capable of withstanding the forces of temperature and friction. A self-lubricating treatment (titanium nitride, Diamond Like Carbon, amoφhe carbon, molybdenum, graphite ...) may also be applied. This device also constitutes a real regulating system for delaying the opening of the chamber controlled by gas pressure. The advantage of this formula is that it allows the weapon to "digest" a large variety of ammunition of different masses, without requiring modification of the barrel or the mass of the breech, taking care however to check that the length of recoil of the sealing piston in its chamber is sufficient for the type of ammunition considered. Note (plate 7 28, fig. 6/12 to 6/14): the tightness of the segment expansion device according to the above-mentioned modes can be increased by the use of two segments (41 quart & quint), in profile preferably but not exclusively at an angle or L and with bayonet opening (fig. 6/13), mounted concentric and indexed 180 ° from each other such that the short (or horizontal) branch of their section enters a circumferential groove (42 quart) hollowed out on the lower edge of the receiving groove (42) of said segments and in particular forming a shoulder (42 quint). When the piston retreats, the friction of the outer segment (41 quint) on the wall of the receiving cylinder, the effect of which can be reduced by adopting a slightly convex outer face (some 1/1000 of a millimeter) and the appropriate treatment (thermal, surface ...), exert a force tending to make the segments go up towards the piston head. The short branch of the L-section of the internal segment (41 quart) then abuts on the shoulder ent (42 quint) thus forming a seal and preventing any leakage of gas flowing behind the segments.

The internal segment (41 quarter) has a bayonet opening preferably on the short branch of its section such that its opening (h) is less than the range of said segment once expanded on the shoulder (42 quint). The outer segment (41 quint) has a bayonet opening on its two branches so that a perfect seal is ensured by the couple of segments independently of the effects of friction tending to raise it or pressure of the gases which tend to tackle it on the underside of the host throat.

The two segments thus mounted operate a seal resulting from a double action: facing the peripheral gases of the piston blocked by the perfect contact of the external segment and its bayonet against the wall of the chamber, facing the gases circulating at the rear of the segments , blocked by the valve effect provided by the short (or horizontal) branch of the segments (41 quart & quint) playing between the shoulder (42 quint) and the lower lateral face of the groove (42) depending on: the pressure gas pushes the two segments down the piston and presses their short branch against said lower lateral fece (42), the bayonet of the external segment combined with the presence of the internal segment then prevents any leakage, - friction of the external segment (41 quint) against the chamber tend to raise the two segments whose short branches (horizontal) bear against the shoulder (42 quint) to achieve a perfect mechanical seal.

The segment expansion device according to these modes, in particular the latter since it ensures perfect sealing, is likely to find application in the field of the internal combustion engine. The piston head segment, in permanent support against the wall of the cylinder, would benefit from an additional expansion force and pressure against the lower flank of the groove of its housing, strengthening the chamber seal and preventing any risk vibration panic, especially when the piston reaches top dead center (segment inertia) at high speed.

Fourth mode (Plate 8/28, fig. 6/15, 6/16 & 6/17, 6/18, / 19 & plate 9 28, fig. 6/20):

In a fourth embodiment, compatible with any of the aforementioned modes one to three (borrowing gas from the firing cup by channels (39, 40), splines (40 bis), lights or slots (40b ) radial ...) .Tightness is based on the use of one or more closed patellar corollas (41sepL 41 oct, 41 nove), mounted in series on the piston, the opening oriented towards the head, and characterized in that : - the thickness of the section decreases regularly, according to a generatrix preferably but not exclusively curved, comprised between the base (B) and the upper edge (O) so as to favor, under the pressure of the gases or a narrowing of the chamber (62), a combined radial elastic variation of the curvature with a torsion of the complete section (fig. 6/17) which pivots around the rounded inner edge (fig. 6/15, B) of its base, - the external fece has an angular sector (fig. 6/15), on either side of the p anointed (C) with a larger bore, of radius advantageously close to that of the reception chamber in order to favor a sealing contact of bore at the periphery of the patellar type, - The outer fece may include a crown (41 ten) whose opening is in the opposite direction to that of the corolla (41 nove) and such that the bore at rest of its point (D) of larger diameter is greater than that of the arrow (C) of said corolla and that of a narrowing of the chamber (62) for receiving the piston,

- the internal edge (fig. 6/15, B) of the base of the section is preferably circular so as to ensure a patellar sealing contact of section by valve effect between the walls (fig. 6/16 & 6 / 18, 42 quint & 42 six) of its throat (42),

- the bore, at rest, of the external upper edge (fig. 6/17, point 0) is at most equal to that of the piston.

Each corolla (fig. 6/16 & 6/18) is mounted with a certain lateral and longitudinal clearance in a reception housing (42) of the piston comprising at its lower edge a groove (42 quarter) for receiving the base or corolla foot to facilitate the angular torsional movement of the section and the patellar contact of the internal edge (fig. 6/15) rounded of said base with the lower shoulder (42 six) of the groove (42 quarter ) or its conical upper shoulder (42 quint).

The corolla (fig. 6/16, 41 sept) has the advantage of ensuring a seal during expansion as well as radial contraction. This property allows to override the relative tolerances of piston / chamber / corolla machining so that the neck (fig. 6/15, C) of the corolla is advantageously in contact with the wall of the chamber when the piston is at the end of its travel. from its sealing housing (62). For this purpose, the bottom of the chamber (62) is characterized in that it comprises a conical narrowing (fig. 6/16, point. A), straight or rounded, such as the tolerance for machining the piston / chamber is equal to or less than that of the maximum bore (fig. 6/15, point C) of the corolla when the piston is in travel stop. This arrangement guarantees contact (fig. 6/16) of the corolla with the wall of the chamber (62) as soon as the cylinder head is fully closed, eliminating any risk of leakage which may result from a delay in expansion of said corolla during the rise in gas pressure.

In order to avoid any risk of introduction of dust, grains of sand or other impurities likely to scratch the reception chamber of the piston, a corolla (fig. 6/16, Oct. 41) can advantageously be mounted head to tail with the sealing corolla (41 sept) so as to constitute a scraper corolla such that the generator at its convexity arrow is in contact with the edge of the chamber entry as soon as the cylinder head is fully closed. The position of this corolla on the piston then ensures the role of a plug closing the entrance to the chamber (62). In order to avoid any scraping effect on the cost of the ammunition, a person skilled in the art will however ensure that the bore at the level of the external upper rim (fig. 6/15, point 0) of this corolla (41 oct) is not greater than that of the piston, which does not prevent that the maximum bore at the level of the arrow is (qq. 1/100 of a millimeter).

In the case of using corollas (fig. 6/18, 41 nove) comprising a crown (41 ten), the oversized bore of the latter compared to that of a narrowing (straight conical ...) ( Fig. 6/18, point A) of all or part of the length of the chamber (62) performs two functions: an initial torsion of the section during the progressive engagement of said narrowing (Fig. 6/18, point A) by the crown (41 ten) causing an increase in the bore of the neck of the corolla (41 nove) until possible contact with the wall of the chamber (62) ,. an increase in the tightness by simultaneous contact, during the rise in gas pressure, of the generators of contact of the corolla (C) and its crown (D) with the wall of the chamber (62), a scraper effect of the crown (41 ten) when the piston retreats. Figure 6/18 shows two corollas (41 nove) with crowns mounted one behind the other and separated by a washer (42 oct), the head corolla undergoing, in contact with its crown (41 ten) with the narrowing (Fig. 6/18, point A) of the chamber (62), a twist aimed at opening it and pressing its neck against the wall of the chamber promoting immediate sealing. The second corolla having not yet engaged the chamber entry neck is in the rest position. A progressive narrowing of the bore located at the bottom of the chamber makes it possible to trigger the mechanical opening of the head corolla only when the piston is at the end of the stroke. Appropriate sizing of the second corolla and in particular of the bore of its crown so that it is in contact with the chamber inlet as soon as the cylinder head is fully closed will ensure it the role of scraper cap. The washer (42 oct) separating two corollas mounted in series advantageously comprises on its periphery grooves (40 bis) intended to supply the lower corolla with gas in the event of the first one breaking. The lower edge (42 six) of the corolla housings (42) has a conical shoulder (fig. 6/18, 42 nove) favoring the movement of the crown (41 ten). The mounting of the corollas is possible by the realization in several parts (or stages) of the piston as indicated in Figures 6/16 and 6/18, the upper part or head ensuring the double role of protective nozzle of the corollas and segments and of cartridge push when introduced into the chamber.

In order to compensate for any adjustment deviation from the axis of the piston with that of the chamber, the corollas are mounted with a certain vertical and lateral clearance (fig. 6/16) promoting their perfect centering as soon as they come into contact with the wall of the bedroom. The lateral mounting clearance of the corollas (41 nove) with crowns (41 ten) is at least equal to the difference in the bore of the latter with the piston (causing the erasure of their contact zone with the ammunition during movement of the cylinder head) to avoid any risk of scraping said crown on the ammunition costs.

Any axial offset of the piston is automatically caught up by patellar machining of the convex wall of the crowns ensuring perfect contact of a generator with the wall of the chamber.

The nature of the invention would not be changed if the profile or generatrix of the section of the corolla was different, for example rectilinear or if it included two intersecting branches or the like. Piston with integrated patellar corolla (plate 828, fig. 6/19 & plate 9/28 fig. 6/20):

A simplified embodiment of the principle of sealing by a patellar crown can be obtained by integrating the base of the corolla (41 eleven) at the lower part (17) of the piston or mandrel located behind the head (40 quart) comprising the firing cup and the gas supply slots (40 ter). The patellar corolla piston can then easily be produced by machining the corolla in the mass of the material constituting said piston with the characteristics relating to the elasticity of the single profile of its section: the thickness of said section decreases regularly, preferably following a generatrix. but not exclusively curved so as to favor, under gas pressure or a narrowing of the chamber (62), a radial elastic variation, the external face comprises an angular sector (fig. 6/19), on both sides and d other from the point (C) of larger bore, of radius advantageously close to that of the reception chamber in order to favor a sealing contact of bore at the periphery of patellar type, the bore, at rest, of the edge upper external (fig. 6/15, point 0) is at most equal to that of the piston.

Any axial offset of the piston with integrated patellar corolla is automatically caught up by the patellar part of the external wall of the crown ensuring perfect contact of a generator with the wall of the chamber. The corolla of the piston (41 eleven) may also include a crown (41 ten) in a manner identical to that described above.

Principle of operation:

At the start of the blow, the propellants pass through the channels (39, 40), grooves (40 bis), lights or slots (40 ter) peripheral to the firing cup of the piston head (40 quarter) and immediately exert a uniform pressure distributed (symmetry of said channels, slots and lights) on the internal wall of the corolla (41 sept, oct, nove & eleven) producing a variation in its curvature combined with the torsion of its section (41 sept, oct & nove) causing its uniform expansion and its contact with the wall of the chamber (62) for a perfect seal resulting from a double action: - facing the peripheral gases of the piston which are blocked by the perfect contact (fig. 6/16) of a generator

(fig. 6/15, C) of the patellar bore area (and, where appropriate, of a generator of contact of the crown 41 ten) with the wall of the chamber, fece with gases circulating at the rear of the corolla (41 sept, oct & nove), blocked by the valve effect of the patellar contact of the circular section of the internal edge (fig. 6/15, B) of the base of said corolla playing between the lower shoulder (42 six) of the groove (42 quarter) and its conical upper shoulder (42 quint) depending on whether the pressure of the gases pushes the corolla towards the bottom of the piston or whether the friction against the chamber tends to make it go up. As soon as the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops instantly, the elasticity of the corolla causes it to return to the nominal diameter, eliminating any risk of blockage of the piston at the entrance to the reception chamber (62) during the next movement before the breech. In the case of the use of a crown corolla, the return to the nominal diameter of the neck takes place only after the shrinkage of the chamber has been released by the pistoa

Note: when firing the ammunition, the recoil of the sealing piston promotes the deposition of fatty combustion residues from the propellant on the walls of the chamber which are thus self-lubricated. This lubrication will facilitate the introduction of the piston and increase the life of the segment.

Those skilled in the art will adapt the dimensions, materials and thicknesses of the corolla to the pressures involved (several thousand bars) in order to advantageously combine the intrinsic elasticities of torsion of the section as of variation of its curvature. JJ will also adapt the number of corollas to be mounted in series one behind the other at the piston head so as, if necessary, to offer greater security in the event of untimely rupture of the head.

In order to guarantee a long longevity of the corollas and pistons with integrated patellar corolla (41 eleven), these will be made of an elastic material (bronze UE9P, steel, cast iron ...) capable of withstanding the forces of temperature and friction. A self-lubricating treatment (titanium nitride, Diamond Like Carbon, amoφhe carbon, molybdenum, graphite.) May also be applied. In order to increase the intrinsic elasticity of the corolla, a stabilization annealing may be applied in order to freeze the maximum bore at rest at a value lower than that obtained after machining.

The radial elasticity of the corolla also plays the role of wear compensator in order to guarantee always perfect contact of the convex part with the wall of the chamber, in expansion as in compression.

Note: The corolla (41 sept, nove & eleven) can naturally be adopted in all the operating modes (one to seven) described in this patent.

Application: high pressure and temperature fluid cylinders. Combustion engine. This type of corolla can naturally find application in the two- or four-stroke engine by being placed as described, or even immediately at the head of the piston, in particular according to the simplified formulation (plate 8/28, fig. 6/19 & plate 9/28 fig . 6/20) where it can then be directly machined in the piston head. The bore will be adapted so as to be in permanent contact with the wall of the chamber. The dimensions and in particular the thickness and the curvature will be adapted to the lower compression pressure of the motors. The introduction of the piston into the chamber for mounting will naturally take place from the top of the chamber in order to contract the segment / corolla.

Having no opening, such a segment should significantly increase the compression efficiency by producing an additional sealing effect at gas pressure.

Fifth mode (Plate 9/28, fig. 7/3 & 7/4):

In a fifth embodiment of the seal, the piston (fig. 7/3) of the cylinder head mandrel comprising a groove (42) housing a segment or pair of sealing segments is characterized in that '' It consists of a central sleeve (44), the front fece of which corresponds to the bottom of the firing cup, spring pumps (or bars) (47) positioned in a star around the central axis, an ejector / axial electric igniter (27) and an ammunition extractor (22) articulated at the sleeve and provided with a foot cooperating with the rejector / igniter valve head.

The segment or pair of sealing segments (41) (41, 41 bis, ter, quarter & quint, seven) is characterized in that its outside diameter at rest is such that it remains retracted inside its groove and does not exceed the bore or diameter of the piston.

The central sleeve, composed of two parts favoring the mounting of the segment and secured by a pin, has two tapered bearings (45 & 45 bis), the first ensuring gas tightness and the role of travel stop for said sleeve and the second (45 bis) conical ensuring more particularly the role of compression drawer of the spring pumps. The spring-loaded pump housings (47) are arranged in a star shape around the sleeve housing (44) with which they communicate and open out on the other side into the segment housing (42 bis). The pump heads are supported on the inner part of the segment (a groove which can advantageously be fitted), their feet resting simultaneously on the cylindrical part of the bearing (45 bis) conical drawer of the sleeve. These pumps, once in place, also perform the function of displacement stop (anti-extraction) of the central sleeve. A variant (fig. 7/5) of the previous assembly can be obtained by replacing the spring pumps with balls or tenons all around the sleeve (44) in the groove, specially fitted for this purpose, for housing the segment (41) and mounted so as to be simultaneously in contact with a conical bearing (45 bis) of the sleeve and the internal face of said segment (41).

The sleeve may also advantageously comprise a second conical bearing (45 ter) on which rest balls or studs for securing paired cylinder head / barrel and mounted in a star shape in conical housings preventing any exit of said balls or tenons, said housings being in manhole housing (56 ter) corresponding arranged in the reception chamber of the sealing piston.

The distance between the bottom of the firing cup and the ammunition chamber head can be adjusted so that the sinking of the sleeve head (45) occurs at the end of the forward movement of the breech, said head abutting against the bottom of its reception housing under the action of the recovery spring (110). The sealing segment (and possibly the balls or studs for securing the cylinder head / barrel) is / are then systematically discarded when the cylinder head is closed.

The adoption of a shorter mandrel, eliminating any abutment of the head against the bottom of its housing, will cause operation at gas pressure. Those skilled in the art will take care of adjusting the bore of the chamber (62) with the optimal expansion dimension of the segment (41) for the best sealing.

Principle of operation:

When firing the ammunition (fig. 7/3) the propellants exert an equivalent pressure at the rear of the ammunition and on the head of the sleeve / firing cup which sinks inside the mandrel / piston by contracting the return spring (44 ter). The conical bearing (45a) of the sleeve abuts on the symmetrical conical bearing of the mandrel (17) ensuring the internal sealing of the mandrel, as well as the conical shoulder (45) on the symmetrical conical shoulder of the mandrel (17), and simultaneously exerts radial pressure on the spring pumps which compress and cause the uniform increase in the diameter of the sealing segment by pressing it against the wall of the piston receiving cylinder (62) thus ensuring gas tightness. Simultaneously the piston moves back (except for the presence of a mechanical locking system breech / barrel) ensuring the delay in the opening of the chamber, the sleeve / firing cup remaining pressed in the mandrel until the pressure of the gases s' cancels (room opens). As soon as this pressure drop is recorded, the sleeve / firing cup returns to its original place under the effect of the return spring (44 ter). The pumps resume their initial length under the combined action of the contraction pressure of the segment and the return to the rest position of the tapered bearing (45 bis) of the sleeve causing an extension of the stroke of said pumps.

The segment then retracts in its housing towards its rest position so as not to exceed the bore of the piston and not to compromise the next introduction of said piston into its reception chamber (62). The electric igniter (27) performs a fourfold function: sealing, ignition of cartridge, ejector and extractor return spring. To this end, the latter (22) comprises a foot resting on the conical part in the form of a valve of the igniter thus benefiting from the spring of the latter for its own return function.

When the central sleeve is pushed in, the spring pumps ensure almost constant pressure of the segment on the cylinder, without risk of tightening or blocking.

In order to ensure optimal radial pressure distribution, their number (greater than four) will be adapted by those skilled in the art and their length will be such that when the sleeve is pressed and the segment pressed against the wall of the cylinder, said pumps do not never work in contraction stop.

In order to guarantee a long service life for the segments, they will be made of an elastic material (bronze UE9P, steel, cast iron ...) capable of withstanding the forces of temperature. The friction of the segment on the cylinder wall can be reduced by the adoption of a slightly convex external fece (some 1/100 of a millimeter) and the application of self-lubricating treatment (titanium nitride, Diamond Like Carbon, carbon amoφhe, molybdenum, graphite ...) suitable.

This device, in the case of the use of a non-calibrated cylinder head, constitutes a veritable system for delaying the opening of the chamber controlled by gas pressure. The advantage of this formula is that it allows the weapon to "digest" a large variety of ammunition of different masses, without requiring modification of the barrel or the mass of the breech, taking care however to check that the length of recoil of the sealing piston in its chamber is sufficient for the type of ammunition considered. In the ball variant (fig. 7/5), the insertion of the sleeve (44) produces, in the case of adoption of the bolt / barrel securing device, a double effect: the expansion of the sealing segment and said mechanical bolt / barrel connection.

When firing the ammunition the propellants exert equivalent pressure at the rear of the ammunition and on the head of the sleeve / firing cup which sinks inside the mandrel / piston by contracting the spring reminder (44 ter). The conical bearing (45) of the sleeve (44) abuts on the symmetrical conical bearing of the mandrel (17) ensuring the internal seal, simultaneously the conical shoulders (45 bis and 45 ter) exert a radial pressure on the balls or tenons with which they are in contact and cause: the uniform increase in the diameter of the sealing segment which marries the wall of the piston receiving cylinder (62) thus ensuring perfect gas tightness, - the bolt / barrel connection by displacement of the balls (54) or tenons in the corresponding receiving housings (56 ter) of the sealing piston.

It should be noted that the ball expansion mechanisms of the segment and that of the bolt / barrel connection are separable and can be mounted separately or combined with others. Likewise, those skilled in the art will appreciate the advisability of replacing the balls with spring pumps for sealing.

Sixth mode (Plate 9 28, fig. 7/1 & 7/2):

In a sixth embodiment of the seal, the piston of the cylinder head mandrel comprising a housing groove (42) for receiving a segment or pair of seal segments, is characterized in that it consists of a central sleeve (44) in two parts, the front face of one (44 bis) of which comprises the firing cup, an expanding star-shaped washer (fig. 7/2/46, 46) located on a bearing (45 quarter) ad hoc of the central sleeve, an electric ejector / igniter (27) and an ammunition extractor (22) articulated at the sleeve and provided with a foot cooperating with the valve head of the ejector / igniter.

The segment or pair of sealing segments (41, 4 Ibis, ter, quarter & quint, seven) is characterized in that its outside diameter at rest is such that it remains retracted inside its receiving groove and does not exceed the bore or diameter of the piston. The expandable washer (46) is conical and its action, once engaged on a bearing of suitable diameter, is such that a force tending to its flattening results in a perfect radial increase in its diameter. Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the number of washers as much as the configuration of the segments.

The central sleeve includes a first bearing (45 quarter) seat of washer (s) expandable) and a second conical bearing (45) simultaneously ensuring internal gas tightness and the role of travel stop for said sleeve. The length of the mandrel can be adapted so that the depression of the piston head (44 bis) occurs at the end of the forward movement of the cylinder head, said head abutting against the bottom of its receiving housing under the action of the recovery spring (110). The sealing segment is then systematically expanded when the cylinder head is closed. The adoption of a shorter mandrel, eliminating any abutment of the head against the bottom of its housing, results in operation under gas pressure. The electric igniter (27) performs a fourfold function: sealing, ignition of cartridge, ejector and extractor return spring. To this end, the latter (22) comprises a foot mounted to bear on the conical valve-shaped part of the igniter / ejector (27) so that the return spring of said igniter also performs the return function of the extractor .

Principle of operation:

When firing the ammunition the propellants exert an equivalent pressure at the rear of the ammunition and on the head of the sleeve which sinks into the mandrel by compressing the expanding washer (46) which increases its diameter and exerts then a radial pressure on the segment (41).

The latter is pressed against the wall of the piston receiving cylinder (62) thus ensuring perfect gas tightness. Simultaneously, the piston moves back (except for the presence of a delay system on opening by joining the breech / barrel), the head of the sleeve remaining depressed until the gas pressure is canceled (opening of the chamber). As soon as this pressure drop is recorded, the piston head returns to its original place under the combined effect of the return spring (44 ter) and the expandable washer. The segment then retracts in its housing towards its rest position so as not to exceed the bore of the piston and not to compromise the next introduction of said piston into its reception chamber (62).

In order to avoid any risk of the segment being tightened against the wall of the reception chamber under the effect of too rapid and significant compression of the expandable washer, the return spring (44 ter) can advantageously be coupled with ( or replaced by) a stack of "Belleville" type spring washers whose progressive crushing will preside over that of the expandable washer.

In the same spirit, the washer could be designed in a material or in such a way that its force is limited by buckling of the radial elements which constitute it in order to ensure a constant maximum value of pressure of the segment against the chamber. Those skilled in the art will take care of adjusting the bore of the chamber (62) with the optimal expansion dimension of the segment (41) for the best sealing. In order to guarantee a long service life for the segments, they will be made of an elastic material (bronze UE9P, steel, cast iron) capable of withstanding the forces of temperature. The friction of the segment on the wall of the cylinder can be reduced by the adoption of a slightly convex external fece (some 1/1000 of a millimeter) and the application of self-lubricating treatment (titanium nitride, Diamond Like Carbon, carbon amoφhe, molybdenum, graphite.) suitable. This device, in the case of the use of a non-calibrated cylinder head, constitutes a real regulating system for delay in opening the chamber controlled by gas pressure.

The advantage of this formula is that it allows the weapon to "digest" a large variety of ammunition of different masses, without requiring modification of the barrel or the mass of the breech, taking care however to check that the length of recoil of the sealing piston in its chamber is sufficient for the type of ammunition considered.

Seventh mode (Plate 9/28, fig. 7/6):

In a seventh embodiment of the seal, the piston of the cylinder head mandrel (17) comprises a housing groove (42) for receiving an annular and expandable segment (41 six), a central sleeve (44) whose front face comprises the firing bowl, an electric ejector / igniter (27) and an ammunition extractor (22) articulated at the level of the sleeve and provided with a foot cooperating with the ejector / igniter valve head.

The sealing segment (41six) is a closed metal ring with known elasticity, of section having the shape of an isosceles trapezoid / triangle, the point of which faces inwards and characterized in that its outside diameter at rest is as it remains retracted inside its receiving groove and does not exceed the bore or diameter of the piston.

The isosceles sides of the segment are supported on symmetrically arranged faces on the sleeve head (44 bis) and the mandrel (17) at the level of the groove (42) housing the segment so as to produce an expansion of the segment when compression force is applied to said piston head. The central sleeve (44) comprises a conical bearing (45) and a shoulder at the height of half of the groove (42) segment housing (41 six) ensuring the role of travel stop of said sleeve in order to prevent crushing or jamming of the ring (41 six) against its supports. The electric igniter (27) performs a fourfold function: sealing, ignition of cartridge, ejector and extractor return spring.

To this end, the latter (22) comprises a foot mounted to bear on the conical part in the shape of the valve of the operator / ejector (27) so that the return spring of said igniter also performs the return function of the extractor.

Principle of operation:

When firing the ammunition the propellants exert an equivalent pressure at the rear of the ammunition and on the piston head which causes the segment to expand (41 six), absorbing in passing part of the recoil of the weapon, via the pressure exerted by the mandrel / piston head couple on the internal isosceles faces of said segment.

The latter is then pressed against the wall of the cylinder (62) receiving the piston, thus ensuring a perfect seal against the peripheral gases of the piston head trapped between the contact surfaces of the segment with the sleeve (44) and the chamber ( 62). Simultaneously the piston moves back (except for the presence of a delay system on opening by bolt / barrel connection), the head of the sleeve remaining depressed until the gas pressure vanishes. As soon as this pressure drop is recorded, the piston head returns to its initial place under the combined effect of the return spring (44 ter) and the elasticity of restitution of the segment.

The latter then retracts into its housing towards its rest position so as not to exceed the bore of the piston and not to compromise the next introduction of said piston into its reception chamber (62).

In order to avoid, in particular in the case of a non-wedged cylinder head, any risk of the segment being tightened against the wall of the reception chamber under the effect of its expansion force, the return spring (44b) could advantageously be coupled with (or replaced by) a stack of conical spring washers of the "Belleville" type, the progressive crushing of which will preside over the expansion of the segment. Those skilled in the art will ensure that the bore of the chamber (62) is adjusted with the optimum expansion dimension of the segment (41 six) for the best seal.

In order to guarantee a long service life for the segment, it will be made of an elastic material (steel, cast iron, etc.) capable of withstanding the forces of temperature. A self-lubricating heat treatment (titanium nitride, Diamond Like Carbon, amoφhe carbon, graphite, etc.) may also be applied, in particular on the isosceles contact faces of the segment with the sleeve and the mandrel. This device, in the case of the use of a non-calibrated cylinder head, constitutes a real regulating system for delay in opening the chamber controlled by gas pressure.

The advantage of this formula is that it allows the weapon to "digest" a large variety of ammunition of different masses, without requiring modification of the barrel or the mass of the breech, taking care however to check that the length of recoil of the sealing piston in its chamber is sufficient for the type of ammunition considered.

Note: any combination of modes 1 to 7 previously exposed would naturally come within the scope of the invention as well as any formula aimed at producing the uniform expansion of segment joints for sealing purposes.

The aforementioned modes also have the advantage of being able to be adapted to any weapon using a linear breech-barrel locking.

DESCRIPTION AND ROLE OF THE GAS BORROWING MANDREL (Plates 2 & 3/28).

The breech mandrel is a cylindrical piece, cooperating with the breech in which it is housed in order to ensure the functions of introduction, ignition and extraction of the ammunition. For reasons of machining and ease of assembly / disassembly, the mandrel is made of two main elements: - a shell comprising (fig. 3): a sealing piston (18) provided with a receiving bowl (or firing) of the base of the ammunition, an igniter / ejector assembly (27) along the central axis and opening into the firing bowl, - an articulated extractor (21) provided with a hook opening on the only front face of the piston , an extractor plunger (23), an extractor plunger spring (24), a stop (25) igniter / ejector pad, an electrical insulator (28), - a latching extension (30) d igniter / ejector, housings (56) of studs (54, 55), channels (40) drilled in the chuck coφs in a substantially radial direction opening into the groove (42 bis) of gas circulation concentric to the housing of the sealing segment and / or studs (fig. 6 bis) and communicating with channels (39) parallel to the central axis and opening nt in the single firing bowl, - a skirt (fig. 4 & 5) surrounding the core of the mandrel and comprising: a reception housing (42) of a sealing segment (41), channels or orifices (40) in a radial direction passing through the piston skirt and opening into the groove (42 bis) of gas circulation concentric with the housing (42) of the segment, located directly facing the channels (40) arranged in the case, - as required: orifices (56) ensuring the role of tenon stops (54, 55), as required: movable tenons (54, 55) intended to secure the barrel / breech during the course of the ammunition in the barrel.

The mandrel housing in the breech is such that the piston (18) protrudes so as to penetrate, during the closing of the breech / barrel, into its housing for receiving the barrel of a depth such that, during the setting when the ammunition is fired, the recoil of the breech and the piston does not cause the chamber to open until the munition has left the barrel.

In order to guarantee maximum tightness of the chamber during firing, the igniter / ejector and the extractor open on the only front face of the breech piston.

Modes of realization of the igniter / ejector:

The functions of ignition and ejection of a cartridge (for defectiveness or extraction of the chamber) are ensured by a single and same part: the igniter / ejector (27) which crosses the mandrel along its central axis and leads to the middle of the firing cup.

This part has a valve shape at its head and has at its other end a groove for engaging a clip intended to secure a hooking extension (30) on which comes to rest a stop (25) buffer holding the igniter. / ejector retracted and its valve closed in the firing bowl. This valve also plays the role of touch / ignition switch ensuring the electrical ignition of the cartridge. It is in permanent contact with the source of electrical energy via a spring plunger type connection.

Without changing the nature of the invention, the return of the valve (Plate 6/26, fig. 7) of the igniter / ejector in the closed position can also be ensured, instead of the action of the stop ( 25) buffer on the attachment extension (30), by a spring (29) surrounding the igniter and exerting pressure simultaneously on the bottom of its housing and the attachment extension (30).

The igniter / ejector (27) is covered with a layer (28) of insulator (ceramic by plasma torch, etc.), rectified by machining after deposition, in order to respect the polarity of the ignition voltage and prevent any risk of short circuit. The nature of the invention would not be changed if the insulator (28) was located in the housing of the igniter / ejector channel. The ignition voltage is applied between the firing cup and the igniter / ejector valve head.

Igniter / ejector eject function (plate 2 to 9/28 & 21/28):

During the rear movement of the cylinder head, the latching extension (30) of the igniter / ejector strikes a stop (77) via an extension piece (30) causing the opening of the valve causing the ejection of 'a cartridge which would have been removed by the extractor (21).

Temperature resistance of the mandrel head / ammunition chamber:

In order to ensure optimal resistance to the temperature of the propellants of the ammunition chamber, of the firing bowl and of the extractor, a ceramic treatment by projection under a plasma torch (or other similar means) may be applied. This provision also aims to prevent the phenomenon of "cook-off" or self-ignition of ammunition when they are introduced into the room. The installation of a ceramic insert (alumina, Zircoa .., the profile of which corresponds to that of the chamber will lead to a chamber interior made entirely of ceramic and will advantageously delay this phenomenon. The chuck head, the firing cup and the 'extractor can also be made in ceramic.

Realization of the chuck body (plate 2 to 10/28): The chuck coφs is machined so as to accommodate all the elements it contains without requiring screw mounting. This construction principle is respected for the whole weapon. Thus, the machining in the chuck coφs of the reception housing of the extractor pusher assembly (23), spring (24) and stop (25) of the latching extension extension (30) / ejector has a semi-cylindrical opening (fig. 4, No. 50) over a length allowing successive insertion of each of the elements, taking care to place the extractor, the plunger, the previously compressed spring and the stopper in order . Then engage the chuck cost in its skirt which will secure the assembly. The igniter / ejector assembly is carried out by introducing it through the firing bowl, taking care to prowl the valve-shaped head beforehand in its housing housing the firing bowl. Once the assembly in place, introduce the hooking extension (30) of the hammer on the rod (27) then secure the two parts (27) and (30) using a clip and engage the latter on the stop (25) if necessary.

In order to guarantee sealing at the buffer stop (25) of the hammer, it adopts a conical valve profile (fig. 6/4, 49) and is kept closed by the action of the spring (24 ) of the igniter / ejector attachment extension (30) of which it shares the thrust with the latter.

The chuck skirt in two parts (fig. 5, N ° 20 & 20 bis) adopts a perfectly machined cylindrical-conical shape (small tolerances) in order to accommodate the chuck cost and has at its base a conical narrowing (51) intended to cooperate with the symmetrically conical bottom of the housing for receiving the slide. The purpose of this arrangement is to produce a “valve” type seal guaranteeing the absence of hot gases which would reach the rear of the slide.

This skirt is in two parts in order to allow the mounting of the sealing segment by threading from the bottom of the mandrel without risking making it exceed its elastic limit. Those skilled in the art will be able to produce parts 50 and 20 bis in a single block if necessary. Note: the rear of the breech of the weapon is blind. No opening is present and there is therefore no risk of hot gas leaking.

The connection between the chuck / skirt of the mandrel and the mandrel / slide is ensured by any suitable means (pin, etc.). One of these means allowing rapid disassembly can be based on the principle of projecting from the head of a spring plunger, housed in a blind hole in the mandrel, opening into a specific orifice in the slide. H then suffices, to separate the mandrel from the slide, to press on the plunger head and keep it pressed in order to allow the mandrel to slide freely out of the slide.

DELAY IN OPENING BY GAS BORROWING (BOARD 10/28, FIG. 7/7 & 7/8).

A locking of the barrel / slide assembly can, on a weapon according to the invention, be introduced in order to obtain an additional delay on opening. This provision is of interest for weapons whose power of the ammunition would risk leading to too rapid opening of the chamber and a prohibitive length of the piston.

The principle of borrowing gas at the level of the firing cup, as described above, can here be used to create a delay in opening additional to that provided by the recoil of the piston.

To this end, in a first embodiment, the mandrel piston has tenon housings (fig. 7/8) arranged radially, communicating with channels opening into the firing bowl, which ensure the displacement of tenons (54) that they contain in a radial direction towards the outside of the skirt, said skirt comprising a conical reception orifice limiting the travel of each stud and operating a sealed connection of the valve type.

The reception chamber of the mandrel piston is characterized in that it comprises female housings (56 bis) for receiving the studs present on the piston and opposite which they are directly located. These studs, in variable number, adopt, preferably but not limited to a sphere shape (54) or have a flat base (55) surmounted by a cone terminated by a hemisphere.

As soon as the ammunition is fired, the pressure of the propellant gases acts on the base of the pin (s) which immediately position themselves in their respective housings (56 bis) of the piston reception chamber, blocking thus the barrel / slide opening. The pressure drop recorded as soon as it leaves the munition of the barrel has the effect of canceling the pressure on the base of the tenons which release the barrel / slide connection, thereby promoting the opening of the chamber.

The studs are mounted insane in their housing, their return to the erased position occurring naturally under the effect of the gun / slide separation. In a second embodiment (fig 7/7) the housings (56) of studs are arranged radially in the wall of the barrel at the level of the ammunition chamber into which they open directly

The pressure of the propellants ensures the displacement of the studs which they contain in a radial direction and towards the outside in order to cooperate with a corresponding female housing (56 ter) machined in the slide so as to ensure a rigid barrel / breech connection to the start of the blow The pressure drop recorded as soon as it leaves the munition of the barrel has the effect of canceling the pressure on the basis of the tenons which release the barrel / slide connection thus favoring the opening of the chamber

The slide is characterized in that it comprises female receptacles (56 ter) for receiving the studs present on the barrel and opposite which they are directly located. These studs, in variable number, adopt, preferably but not limited to, a shape sphere (54) or have a flat base (55) surmounted by a cone ending in a half-sphere

Note the nature of the invention would not be changed if the studs, according to any of the assemblies mentioned above, were articulated in any way whatsoever (offset axis, etc.) or provided with any means of return (spring )

This temporary barrel / slide fastening device is particularly advantageous in that it provides self-regulation of the opening delay which is directly proportional to the pressure variation in the chamber, therefore at the precise moment of exit from the cannon ball

This system has, correlatively, the enormous advantage of an automatic adaptation of the weapon to cartridges of different powers or masses without involving, for the same caliber, modifications of parts

SHORT CANCELLATION MECHANISM (Plate 11/28, fig. 8 & 9).

A mechanism authorizing a short recoil of the barrel, based on a principle of sliding of said barrel in a receiving cradle (107), can easily be installed, without increasing the complexity or the bulk of the weapon.

The barrel (60) is slidably mounted, over a length of a few millimeters, in its cradle (107) secured to the carcass and held in position under the action of a damping spring (110) This cradle consists of a cylinder hollow, of an internal diameter making it possible to receive the barrel, and comprises several guide grooves (108) cooperating with rails (109) corresponding to the barrel

Two of these rails are located horizontally along the barrel and 180 ° from each other, a third is, if necessary, positioned vertically along the axis and at the bottom of the barrel. The two horizontal rails (109) are advantageously in alignment and of the same format (height and width) as tenons (112) integral with the barrel and placed further

The barrel is introduced, mouth first, until the shoulder of the piston chamber abuts on the front face of the cradle The damping spring (110) is then introduced, mouth side of the barrel, until it abuts on the other side of the cradle, then slightly compressed so as to favor the mounting of a ring (111)

This ring (FIG. 9) cooperates with the pins (112) integral with the barrel so as to produce a bayonet type mounting. The ring (110) is then held in place by the action of the damping spring (110) which simultaneously authorizes a short recoil from the barrel

This ring acts as a barrel travel stop and can advantageously be linked to the recuperator spring (57) of which it constitutes an ideal seat, facilitating the assembly and disassembly operations of the weapon.

Note this system favors a rapid change of the barrel and therefore of the caliber of the weapon by simple adaptation of the breech and the magazine

Functioning of the short recoil of the barrel.

As soon as the ammunition is fired, the gas pressure propels the studs (55) into their receiving housing (56 bis or 56 ter) of the barrel causing the barrel / slide to join

The assembly then moves back, compressing the only damping spring (110) until the ring (111) abuts on the cradle. As of the sudden drop in pressure following the exit of the ball, the pins release the slide which continues alone its backward movement, in turn compressing the recovery spring (110 bis) INTRODUCTION OF THE CARTRIDGE.

Like all automatic weapons, the ammunition for the weapon according to the invention is supplied by a magazine (95), the lips of which have a cartridge at the entrance to the barrel chamber. The piston of the breech ensures this introduction during the forward movement of the slide by pressing on the rear face of the ammunition and pushing it into the piston reception chamber which plays the role of a funnel very significantly improving the quality of the 'introduction of cartridges, thus guaranteeing superior reliability to holstered ammunition weapons.

During this introduction phase, the extractor claw (21) engages the groove in the base of the ammunition to keep it positioned at the bottom of the firing bowl. The cartridge (1) is then pushed into the chamber until the cylinder head closes. Shortly before the end of the munition stroke in the chamber, the extractor claw (21) engaged, if necessary, the ramp (59) for reception and lifting fitted for this purpose in the barrel. The ammunition is then immobilized in the barrel chamber and its rear face is completely supported on the piston firing cup under the pressure of the recovery spring (57) ensuring the closure of the slide.

The lifting of the extractor is only justified in the case of the use of ammunition (pi. 1/28, fig. 1/2) whose cap is extended at the rear so as to protect the thruster. In the case of small caliber ammunition whose extraction groove is an integral part of the solidified propellant, the ignition of the cartridge can take place with the extractor engaged, the propellant instantly transforming into gas. A heat treatment of the extractor (titanium nitride), or even its covering by a sprayed ceramic will ensure its protection.

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF THE EXTRACTOR LIFTING SYSTEM (Boards 2/28, fig.3).

The extractor (21) ensures the removal of a cartridge from the chamber. Its resistance allows it to withstand the most violent efforts, in particular in the event of emergency extraction of a munition for ignition failure. Recall that the design of a weapon using ammunition without holsters that does not include an extractor would expose the user in case of faulty ammunition. The extractor adopts a rectilinear shape (21) composed of a main arm ending in a bend substantially at right angles to one end. The other end has the shape of a hook intended to engage the throat of the ammunition. The rectilinear extractor (21) is integral with the cylinder head mandrel by means of a connection using a crazy locking assembly (FIG. 3) under the action of a return pusher (23).

The role of this return pusher is to keep the extractor in the closed or lowered position and for this purpose exerts a torque on the main arm.

In order to ensure when firing, if necessary, the disengagement of the extractor claw from the throat of the ammunition, the weapon according to the invention is provided with an automatic lifting means of the extractor from the stroke.

To this end, the extractor hook ends in a point or bevel cooperating with a female housing (59) symmetrically in a bevel, ensuring the role of a lifting ramp (59), arranged in the chamber (62) of the barrel. This arrangement ensures the automatic lifting of the extractor and its disengagement from the throat of the ammunition as soon as the chamber is closed.

The length of the main arm of the extractor is adapted so as to ensure the engagement of the lifting ramp before the cartridge head abuts the entry of the barrel profile. Thus, the lifting of the extractor hook is initiated while the ammunition is not fully introduced. During a rearward movement, the descent of the hook is initiated simultaneously with the retraction of the slide while the cartridge present is still stationary, to then be immediately engaged by the hook for extraction.

The purpose of these lifting mechanisms is to free the cartridge before firing and to ensure, by simple manual retraction of the slide, the lowering of the extractor and the withdrawal of a cartridge which would show a failure to put for example, to immediately eject it from the chamber. The maneuver is absolutely identical to that which would involve a conventional weapon, involving no effort of familiarization or change of reflex. FUNCTIONING OF RELAXATION (Boards 12 to 14/28).

The trigger operates, progressively and sequentially via a helical spring machined in the mass guaranteeing perfect neutral indexing, one or more level contactors so as to ensure the following functions: power-up, - semi-automatic fire, automatic fire.

If a single two-pole two-level contactor is used, the first corresponds to single shot and the second to burst fire. When two contactors are used, each corresponds to a firing mode. The shooter can therefore select at will one or the other of the firing modes on simple differential depression of the trigger.

SHOOTING SECURITIES

Safety of tail of relaxation (Boards 11, 12 & 13/28).

At the trigger guard, the weapon has a trigger or "counter-trigger" security (68) characterized in that it is combined with the trigger lock which consists of a part comprising two arms, the one conforms to the shape of the trigger guard and constitutes the counter-trigger lever and the other the trigger guard lock, the head of which also acts as trigger trigger. To this end, the arm of the trigger tail comprises, near the axis of rotation, a housing (65) for receiving the female head or pin of the trigger guard lock (66).

When it is disengaged from its trigger housing, the latch head is in contact, under the action of the latch return spring, on the circular cam (67 bis) of the trigger arm, thus maintaining the counter-trigger embedded in its housing (69) of the trigger guard post. To do this, the cam adopts a circular shape over a corner portion corresponding to the rearward movement (firing) of the trigger tail.

This cam also includes a recess (67 ter) over a small angular sector so as to cause, during a pressure exerted at the rear of the trigger tail, a bossing effect by slight retraction of the pin just before the latter does not hire its accommodation for relaxation.

The detent tail is held in the “neutral” position under the action of two return springs (65) and (65 bis), of equal resistance torques and mounted in counter-rotational directions from one another in order to guarantee an angular movement on each side of a constant neutral position. A single cylindrical spring machined in the mass would provide the same function without changing the nature of the invention. A pressure of the finger on the rear face of the trigger tail will cause the trigger to lock by engaging the head (66 bis) of the trigger guard lock in the trigger reception housing (67) and the simultaneous appearance, in the trigger guard, of the arm (68) against the trigger.

Pressing the index finger forward on the counter-trigger arm will disengage the pin of the trigger guard lock from its housing of the trigger tail, releasing the latter towards its neutral position under the action of its return spring (s). The weapon is then immediately ready to fire.

This security has four advantages:

• its principle of use mobilizes the only shooter finger which, as soon as it acts on the counter-trigger cannot simultaneously exert a parasitic action on the trigger and cause an untimely departure as it occurs on weapons equipped safety levers which can be manipulated by a finger other than that of the trigger.

• its implementation is completely ambidextrous and is carried out quickly with one hand, guaranteeing a user injured with one hand to be able to get out of a perilous situation.

• its principle eliminates any coordination error, especially in the event of stress, since it requires only one and the same finger to activate safety and fire. “Its security formula is the only one that can remain permanently engaged and be released a fraction of a second before a reflex shot. Accidental departures are therefore impossible.

Note: the trigger guard lock allows the tilting of the trigger guard around a common axis with the magazine catch. The trigger guard has a stop (78) limiting the travel of the slide during rearward movement. The erasure, at tilting of the trigger guard, of this stop allows the complete recoil of the slide which can then be disengaged from its guide rails of the carcass in order to disassemble the weapon. When opening the trigger guard, the bolt is operated by pulling towards the muzzle of the barrel, the counter-trigger arm which is linked to it then moves to the bottom of its housing (69), provided for this purpose, by the amount of trigger guard.

LOADING INDICATOR. The weapon is provided with a chambered cartridge presence indicator. This provision is particularly important, while there are few models fitted with this essential indicator.

To this end, the weapon uses the measurement of a very low voltage between the two ignition poles constituted by the touchau and the firing bowl, testifying to the presence of a conductor provided by the cover of the ammunition. This current can be used to generate a signal on the screen located at the rear of the breech of the weapon or the ignition of a diode, with adjustable light intensity.

TRANSFER OF INFORMATION BETWEEN CARCASS AND CYLINDER HEAD (Plate 27/28).

The reciprocating movement of the bolt relative to the carcass leads to the need to transfer information and electrical energy in a sealed manner between the central computing unit and the trigger tail. To this end, the recovery spring (57) is characterized in that it is lined with one or more conductive wires contained in a sheath (of the heat-shrunk type) surrounding the wire of said spring mounted indexed at its two ends, namely the barrel cradle and breech, so as to ensure a tight multipolar connection between the wires for conveying information from the trigger (fig. 29, N ° 125 quarter) and from the calculation unit of the breech (fig. 29, N ° 125 b). The steel wire composing the spring ensuring an electrical polarity between the cylinder head and trigger block.

LARGE TANTEM AMMUNITION LOADER (Boards 15 to 20/28).

The advantages, without common measure in terms of reduction in size (50%), that allow ammunition without a case, can be used to significantly increase the number of cartridges that can reasonably be accommodated in a magazine. A length of around 20 m / m overall is now possible instead of the 29.5 m / m of 9 mm ammunition, for example.

This reduction in length naturally allows two rows of tandem ammunition to be positioned in the space requirement of a conventional magazine without significantly increasing its dimensions. The positioning of two tandem cartridges according to the invention would occupy only a volume of the order of 45 to 50 m / m in length easily integrated into a pistol grip. The charger model (fig. 14 to 18) according to the invention is therefore based on the principle of two compartments placed in tandem (97 & 98), each containing a stack of cartridges arranged in one, two or three batteries. These compartments cooperate via common lips (96) intended to convey the ammunition to the barrel feed ramp and are sequentially controlled by a coupling device. Each compartment conveyor has one or two buttons (101), if necessary, sliding in a corresponding vertical groove arranged on the lateral faces of the loader. A thumb action on a button ensures the manual descent of the conveyor for the introduction of the cartridges.

The button of the front compartment transporter cooperates, when it reaches the end of its travel, that is to say when the last cartridge leaves the magazine lips, with the device for coupling the compartments for feeding the weapon. Compartment coupling device (plates 17 to 20/28, fig. 19 to 22).

The compartment coupling device ensures, when the cursor or button (101) in the front compartment is raised, the pivoting of a stopper (103) which releases the cartridges from the rear compartment. The cartridge of head of this compartment then comes immediately, guided by the lips of the charger, to abut against the movable breech, ready for an introduction in the room. The main arm of the cartridge retainer (103) which has at its end a horizontal stop (103 bis) intended to prevent, when the magazine is engaged in the weapon, the cartridges of the rear compartment from going up to the level of the magazine lips to be driven by friction at each passage of the breech, is articulated on the rear wall of the magazine well of which it is integral via an axis crossing the carcass: either perpendicular to the axis of the barrel so as to ensure a pivoting towards the rear of the retainer which then has an attachment arm (103b) provided at its end with a lug (102a) for engaging a locking hook (102). The stop is recalled to the front or projecting position (fig. 20) under the action of a spring (104) located in the recess receiving its angular movement.

It is kept locked in this position under the action of the hook (102) which immobilizes the attachment arm. The tilting of the cartridge retainer is controlled by the opening of said hook (plates 17 to 20/28, fig. 19 to 22, No. 102) immobilizing the retainer in the closed position.

This hook, integral with the wall of the carcass via an axis of rotation, cooperates with the lug (102 bis) located at the end of the hooking arm and further comprises a cam (102 ter) cooperating with the button of the forward carrier. When the last cartridge in this compartment leaves the magazine lips, the conveyor rise causes the button to press on the cam, causing the hook to pivot. The button continues to exert pressure on the latching arm causing it to tilt backwards. The cartridges in the rear compartment are then released. When removing the magazine, the thrust of the retainer return spring (104) is sufficient to ensure the re-engagement of the latching arm lug by the hook head, causing the retainer to be locked again in closed position. either parallel to the axis of the barrel so as to ensure lateral pivoting of the stop arm (103) and its horizontal stop (103 bis) triggered by the rise of the button (101) of the front conveyor which, as soon as the last cartridge leaves the compartment, causes the tilting of a return rod housed in the lateral internal wall of the magazine well and pivotally mounted on its median axis in order to cooperate with an arm integral with that (103) of the cartridge retainer to start its tilting. The stopper and the deflection rod each include a return spring ensuring their return to position as soon as the loader disengages. The presence of a retainer hook (102) cooperating with the return rod is not essential since the thrust exerted by the cartridge on the horizontal stop (103a) passes through the central axis of the retainer and does not generate any torque justifying a mechanical locking device except, possibly, prevention of inertial shock.

Capacity of triple stacking of cartridges in the compartments (Fig. 15, 17 & 18) of the magazine. In order to significantly increase the firepower of the weapon, a stack in three columns of cartridges can easily be obtained subject to appropriate sizing and geometry of the cartridge wells of its compartments.

Indeed, the rise, under the action of the carriers moved by their respective springs, without jamming the cartridges for the presentation of a single one at the level of the lips of the loader, requires that the wells have a rectilinear profile from the base to a certain height and end with a narrowing at the top. This narrowing is characterized in that it is asymmetrical so as to gradually modify, as the cartridges rise in the well, their stacking of three to two then a column without the resulting pressure exerted on any cartridge by all of the others is normal to its support face of the compartment. This asymmetry is obtained by the application of a particular angle of slope (or inclination) and different for each side face (95 bis & 95 ter) ensuring the narrowing of the magazine.

The asymmetry of slope of the walls of the loader can be easily obtained by making the loader in plastic material (or suitable resin) revealing no external asymmetry or else by an adequate depression (fig. 18 & 19) of the side wall of each compartment in the case of a metallic construction. This arrangement makes it easy to house twenty cartridges in each compartment of the magazine, bringing the firepower of the weapon to more than forty shots. An extended magazine would easily increase the number of cartridges per compartment to twenty five or thirty.

Ammunition backstop.

During the rear movement of the bolt, the anti-recoil function of the ammunition of the front compartment is automatically ensured by the central partition separating the two compartments. When the magazine is engaged, the head ammunition is pushed in a few millimeters by the breech. Its flat feces then abuts against the central partition if the friction caused by the rear movement of the cylinder head tends to make it move back.

This function is similarly ensured by the cartridge retainer and the rear wall height of the magazine well for ammunition in the rear compartment. Note: When the front compartment is empty, the high position of the carrier, determined by a stop integral with the loader wall, may slightly exceed the top of the central wall so as to maintain the last cartridge pressed against the lips of the charger, constituting a perfect feed ramp for the cartridges in the rear compartment.

These are then guided through the tunnel formed by the lips of the loader and the transporter, which they lower slightly during their passage, for immediate introduction into the chamber under the thrust of the cylinder head piston.

Device for limiting the capacity of the rear compartment (plates 15 & 16/28, figs. 14 to 17).

The magazine model according to the invention implies that, once engaged in the weapon, only the cartridge of the front compartment is in the high position. In the case where the design of the magazine does not allow, full rear compartment and front with at least one cartridge, the descent of a sufficient height from the rear stack of ammunition by the cartridge retainer at the engagement of said charger, a device for limiting the capacity of this compartment can be implemented.

This device advantageously dispenses users from counting a maximum number of cartridges to be supplied in the rear compartment to allow the descent of the stack of ammunition under the action of the stopper.

For this purpose, it consists of a lock, automatically erasable when the magazine is inserted into the well of the weapon, limiting the capacity of the compartment to the maximum number of cartridges minus one. This lock prevents the compartment transporter from descending completely and does not allow the entire travel until it has been erased.

To this end, the central wall (98 bis) separating the front and rear compartments comprises, in its plane, a housing for receiving a short bar (106), sliding laterally in said housing so as to allow a bevelled tongue to protrude. (or rounded) outside the side wall of the charger.

The central wall also includes a longitudinal rail or slot (98 ter) in its center intended for the sliding of a lug (100 bis) located on the front side of the rear compartment conveyor. The tongue of the bar is kept projecting under the action of a spring (106 bis) and cooperates with the internal wall of the well which ensures its insertion when the loader engages. The bar preferably adopts, but is not limited to, a trapezoidal section in order to slide in the symmetrical section of the reception housing of the central wall.

The bar has a slot (106 ter) for receiving the lug (100 bis) of the rear compartment transporter. The slot is positioned in such a way that it can only be engaged by the lug when the bar which supports it is depressed, that is to say when the magazine is engaged in the well. This device prohibits the feeding of the loader beyond a certain number of cartridges for, depression of the projecting part of the stop when the loader is fully inserted requires, authorizing the descent of the transporter.

This action favors that of the cartridge stop which causes the cartridge stack to descend from a height suitable for the passage of the breech head for the exclusive supply of the weapon with the ammunition of the front compartment. In order to facilitate the production of the charger according to the invention, the central wall can be removable and held in position by receiving rails present on the internal walls of said charger. Another embodiment consists in using stamped sheet metal then folded and welded.

Supply and operation of the charger.

The supply of cartridges for the charger according to the invention is carried out either starting from the front or rear compartments.

Training shooting, in short bursts or with a limited number of cartridges requiring the use of only one magazine compartment, will preferably be carried out using the rear compartment. Indeed, the latter is the only one whose button on the lifting board controls the slide stop lever (indifferently mounted on the right or left side of the weapon). The use of the front compartment would result in a closure of the slide on an empty chamber. The introduction of a lifting of the breech catch by the lug of the front compartment, for the preferential use of the latter, is naturally possible but would cause an interruption of the complete burst firing sequence of the two compartments. The supply of each compartment will be easier than for conventional magazines due to the perfect linearity of the surface of the ammunition. Indeed, conventional ammunition all have a lip at the case / bullet crimping which causes a scraper effect on the previous case during the introduction of the cartridges.

The introduction of ammunition into the rear compartment will also be facilitated by the direction, point forward, of presentation of the ammunition.

SLIDE STOP (Plate 21/28, fig. 23).

For the sake of ambidexterity, the slide retainer (78 bis) consists of a lever, the mounting of which can be carried out either on one side or the other of the weapon, or else be present simultaneously from both sides using a second lever, at the user's convenience. In the case of simultaneous mounting of the two retainers, these are secured via an axis passing through the carcass. The levers are indifferently actuated upwards by the corresponding button (101) of the rear lifting board of the loader present on both sides of the loader. Recall that it is possible to also actuate the stopper by the button of the front conveyor after the opening of the hook (102) for locking the stopper (103) of cartridges. This arrangement allows the indifferent use of the front and rear compartments, but nevertheless causes the cylinder head to lock in the rear position during an uninterrupted firing sequence consuming cartridges from the front and rear compartment. A manual retraction of the breech will allow the firing sequence to be resumed by inserting the first cartridge from the rear compartment.

A stopper engagement notch is provided on each side of the slide. However, in the case of simultaneous mounting of two retainers, only one has a latching lug: this arrangement ensures the systematic release of the slide, under the action of the recuperating spring, when any of the levers are pressed.

AUTOMATIC OPERATION

The preceding description relates to the semi-automatic operation of the weapon, that is to say that each shot of ammunition must result from the complete and continuous pressure of the shooter on the trigger tail. In automatic operation, the weapon must be able to continue firing until the trigger tail is released. For this purpose, the ignition voltages are delivered to the touch of the firing of the ammunition according to a rhythm triggered by the clock with a modular cadence. To do this, the weapon can be connected at any time, via its special port, to a computer allowing the firing parameters to be entered into the memory of the central computer, in particular the burst rate as well as the shot limiter allowing selective firing. from blow by blow, two or more bursts to the unlimited burst.

COMPENSATION FOR LIFTING THE WEAPON (Boards 10/28 & 12/28, figs. 7/8 & 10).

The compensation for raising the weapon when the weapon is fired automatically in burst (or piecemeal) ammunition is effected by taking gases from the ammunition chamber, said gases being evacuated at the end of the barrel in a substantially vertical direction and upwards.

The principle of using ammunition without a case allows gas to be taken from the chamber even when the presence of cases on conventional ammunition made it quite simply impossible.

The device consists of a vertical sampling channel (90), pierced through the upper wall of the barrel at the entrance to the ammunition chamber, communicating: either with a tube mounted fixed and parallel to said barrel and opening upwards at its end (the cylinder head is fitted accordingly and includes a female housing for receiving this tube). - either with a channel (fig. 10, n ° 92) pierced longitudinally in the thickness of the slide along the axis of the barrel and emerging at its end in a substantially vertical direction and upwards. The feed port of the slide channel takes the form of a groove (91) formed on the internal face of the slide of a length suitable for promoting the supply of gas during the rear path of the cylinder head. This arrangement makes it possible to supply the ramp thus created in the slide with propellant gas, from firing to the opening of the cylinder head.

When firing an ammunition, part of the propellant gases escape through the orifice of the chamber and travel along the slide via the ramp or the sampling tube to emerge vertically at the end of the armed.

These gases produce a vertical, instantaneous and symmetrically increasing thrust of the propulsion force of the ammunition, coming to oppose the progressive raising of the weapon following the retreat produced by the departure of said munitioa A good dosage of the size of the orifices and gas progression ramp should ensure perfect stability of the weapon during the burst fire.

This compensation formula is the only one that guarantees perfect synchronization of the anti-recovery action with the start of the ball in order to best counter its recoil.

KEY LOCK OF THE WEAPON (Boards 21 & 22/28, figs. 23 & 24).

The weapon comprises, in order to guarantee use by its sole holder, a device (fig. 23 & 24) with a key for total prohibition of firing, magazine movement and dismantling of the weapon. This device consists of a removable lock (114), of reduced dimensions and made of hard metal, which takes place in a reception housing (113) located on the underside of the carcass at the front of the trigger guard.

This lock crosses the carcass of the weapon to open under the barrel and play the following quadruple role: stop limiting the stroke of the bolt to the only distance between the lock head and the lower front edge of said bolt in order to prevent any introduction or extraction of cartridge, - locking of the counter-trigger, displacement of the loader well locking rod, locking of the disassembly lock (trigger guard).

The establishment of this lock is only possible when the trigger tail safety is engaged, then causing the appearance of the counter-trigger and the simultaneous movement of the corresponding lock. This recoil of the lock releases the orifice of the housing (113) for receiving the lock as well as the pin (115a) located at the end of the rod

(115) for locking the magazine well which opens into said housing.

This rod, held in position by its return spring, passes through the barrel cradle so that its other end opens into the magazine well under the effect of the displacement generated by the pressing of the lock co surs on the pin when its introduction into housing. The rod then engages the corresponding hole in the wall of the front compartment of a magazine in place or, failing this, prohibits any introduction of a magazine.

The implementation of this lock, composed of two coaxial parts whose separation from the key can only be carried out in the closed position, ensures the implementation of four safeties: detent by blocking resulting from the setting prior and compulsory place of the counter-relaxation lock before introduction of the lock into its housing, of cylinder head by locking resulting from the introduction of a stop (lock head) limiting its stroke and preventing any recessing of the cartridge, - of magazine by locking the well resulting from the displacement of the rod (115) preventing any withdrawal or introduction of magazine, disassembly of the weapon by immobilization of the trigger guard lock.

MONOBLOCK FOCUS (Board 23/28).

The breech of the weapon, according to the invention, comprises an ammunition ejection window opening on the right lateral side without encroaching on the top of the breech. This position is possible thanks to the use of ammunition without cases unlike conventional ammunition which impose, on other weapons, an oversized ejection window encroaching on the top of the breech. This specificity can be used to equip the weapon with a sighting device (fig. 25) composed of a ramp or rail (117) in one piece with a U-shaped profile comprising a handlebar at one end, integral with the breech by a pivot (122) passing through said cylinder head at the level of the handlebar (120) and by a part providing a connection (119) between a micrometric screw secured to the cylinder head and said rail, said part comprising a vertical axis (123) passing through said cylinder head to engage a blind hole provided on the underside of said rail, which hole communicates with the housing for receiving a flat circlip (121) which, put in place, engages the groove of the axis (123) which it locks .

This sighting member can advantageously be painted, in the hollow of the rail and over its entire length, of an appropriate color so as to facilitate instinctive shooting. U ends with a handlebar located in the extension of the rail and painted in a different color on its profile on the shooter side, so that the latter benefits from an immediate appreciation of the increase to be applied. To this end, the aiming control is facilitated by the simple metering of the handlebar portion (120) to be allowed to protrude at the center of the U formed by the profile of the rail. The latter is underlined in white paint to facilitate visual acquisition. The adjustment in firing site is carried out by means of an endless micrometric screw (118), located at the top and inside the breech, peφendicular to the plane of symmetry of the weapon, which cooperates with the part (119) of attachment to the sight rail. This part (119) consists of a shell in which the endless screw circulates, surmounted by a vertical axis which crosses the upper wall of the breech and is fixed in the sighting rail. In order to take account of the pivoting radius of curvature of the sighting rail during an adjustment, the orifice for the passage of the axis of the connecting piece (11) has a curvature with the same center (122) as the sighting rail. referred.

The micrometric screw has a cylinder shape supporting the endless thread and has a screwdriver head receiving slot at its end opening towards the outside of the weapon, the other end, housed in a blind hole in the breech , is provided with hemispherical housings for receiving the head of a ball pawl (118 bis) on the circumference of its flat face. The ball pawl is housed in the cylinder head shell, along an axis parallel to that of the screw, and in such a way that its head opens into the blind blind hole of the screw and is supported on the lateral face of this last in order to measure the aiming correction.

The screw (118) is mounted loose in its housing and has a circlip positioned inside the cylinder head in order to keep it in its housing. The connecting piece (119), moved by the micrometric screw, ensures the angular displacement of the sight rail.

The head of the flat circlip (121) may advantageously include paint for locating the sighting rail entry.

Note: the connection of the vertical axis (123) of the connecting piece (119) with its corresponding blind hole in the rail can, without changing the nature of the invention, be screwed or benefit from the possible elasticity of the material composing said axis to ensure the connection by reversible clip.

TELESCOPIC CANON (Plate 24 & 25/28, fig. 26 & 27).

The weapon according to the invention can incoφor a telescopic barrel device intended to increase the power, the precision and the range of the ammunition without holster.

This device consists of a telescopic barrel (138) with automatic extension mounted sliding inside a second barrel (140) and held in the retracted position by a return spring (141). The internal barrel (138) has the shape of a hollow cylinder of internal diameter adapted to the caliber of the ammunition and comprises two contiguous and coaxial sections (138 bis) and (138 ter) of external diameters capable of cooperating respectively with the diameters of the inner shoulders (140 bis and 140 ter) of the outer barrel (140) inside which slides said inner barrel.

The two barrels are fitted one inside the other so as to produce a sliding telescopic assembly by means of a contact surface constituted by the cylindrical part or bearing of larger diameter (138 bis) of the internal barrel (138) in contact with the cylindrical part of larger internal diameter of the outer barrel (140 ter) and the part of smaller diameter (138 ter) of the inner barrel in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical part or bearing (140 bis) of smaller diameter of the barrel external.

The adjustment of the parts in contact is likely to promote a tight connection with the minimum of friction. The internal barrel may have scratches on its inner cylindrical part as on most barrels. The connection between the two guns is such as to allow axial sliding and to prevent any crazy rotation of one cylinder relative to the other. For this purpose, the external surface of the internal barrel is characterized in that it comprises on its part of smaller diameter (138 ter) a certain number of rectilinear or helical grooves cooperating with grooves symmetrically arranged on the internal face of the part cylindrical of smaller diameter (140 bis) of the outer barrel with which it cooperates. The end of the larger internal diameter of the outer cylinder (139) has an external thread intended to cooperate with a thread symmetrically arranged in the cradle (107) of the carcass of the weapon. A pin ensures braking of the barrel-cradle link.

A return spring (141) intended to ensure the return to the retracted position of the internal barrel is mounted captive between the internal and external barrels. Surrounding the internal barrel (138 ter), its ends are supported on the radial faces (138 bis and 140 bis) of each range or bearing of the internal and external barrels.

In order to prevent any deterioration of the return spring during the compression produced by the extension of the internal barrel, the external cylinder comprises an internal recess or shoulder (142) against which the front fece of the large-diameter cylindrical part (138 bis) or bearing of the internal barrel abuts at the end of travel.

The assembly of the assembly is particularly simple and easy: pass the recovery spring around the internal barrel (138) then introduce the assembly into the external barrel (140) which is then screwed into the housing for the cradle ( 107).

The rear end of the internal barrel opens into the ammunition chamber and comprises a conical funnel-collector (143) intended to receive the bullet. This funnel has an inlet diameter close to that of the internal diameter of the outer barrel in order to suppress any gas pressure which would tend to be exerted parallel to the axis of the barrel and to push said telescopic barrel outwards and unnecessarily increase the recoil of the weapon.

Principle of operation of the telescopic barrel (Fig. 26 & 27).

When the ammunition is fired, the bullet is propelled into the conical collector (143) of the telescopic barrel (138) whose friction with said bullet results in a transfer of energy causing its progressive extension (27). The advance of the telescopic barrel appreciably increases the dimension of the ammunition chamber for better combustion of the propellant as much as an increase in the time of propulsion of the bullet and its guidance: the power leaving the muzzle is increased in proportions similar to those produced by a conventional increase in the length of the barrel of a weapon.

The extension of the telescopic barrel occurs simultaneously with the recoil of the breech, compensating by projection of mass towards the front of the weapon the recoil in due proportion of the mass of the telescopic barrel and its exit speed. The telescopic barrel therefore produces an anti-recoil effect particularly conducive to shooting stability, especially in burst fire.

As soon as the bullet has left the telescopic barrel, it returns to the retracted position under the effect of the recuperator spring, ready to receive a new bullet.

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONICS IN THE WEAPON (Boards 26, 27 & 28/28).

The introduction of electrical energy and microprocessors leads to a simplification of the mechanisms, therefore a weight saving, and to the integration of particularly important new functions: - detection of cartridge presence in the barrel, selection of shot step by step or burst directly from the trigger, selection of the number of ammunitions fired per burst, counter of remaining shots, counter of shot by accredited shooter, - total counter of shots fired (gun wear), clock: date and time of shots, recording: l 'central computing unit has a memory capacity allowing to restore all the elements of a shot (person, date & time, number of shots ...), shooting security by automatic recognition of the shooter's fingerprint (or shooters' accreditations), programming (enrollment) of persons authorized to use the weapon, automatic detection of the type (short, long ...) charger engaged in the weapon, battery charge display indicator.

SHOOTING SELECTION (Plate 26/28).

A fire selector (81) with two positions "S" (for SINGLE or blow by blow) or a pictogram representing a munition and A or AUTO (for automatic) or a pictogram representing several ammunition, can be installed on one of the side walls of the handle to guarantee the shooter absolute control of burst fire.

This selector may include several additional positions corresponding to the number of ammunition fired during a burst. This number of ammunition can be indicated by affixing a number or as many stylized ammunition around the selector. The blow-by-blow position will inhibit the function of the second contactor or the fully depressed position of a single two-stage contactor of the electrical trigger.

In the case of burst fire, the trigger being fully pressed, the recording of the effective and full closing of the cylinder head by a microswitch type contactor (128), optocoupler ... located, for example, at the junction (fig. 28) carcass / cylinder head causes the desired tension to be delivered to the key (igniter / ejector) of the mandrel. A three-position waterproof rotator whose axis would coincide with that of the trigger would perform the same functions without changing the nature of the invention. The selection of the shot shot / blow or burst is then carried out by progressive depression of the trigger tail, eliminating the presence of the selector (81).

VISUALIZATION OF FUNCTIONS

The weapon includes a display screen for the following information: presence of ammunition in the room, - number of remaining ammunitions, authorization to fire, selection: shot / shot or burst, date & time, name (or code) of the shooters accredited, - battery charge.

In order to have essential information (shooting authorization, number of cartridges remaining, shooting selection) the screen will be advantageously located (fig. 29, N ° 132) at the rear of the breech of the weapon, just at - below the sight, so as to be permanently visible when the weapon is in its holster or, in particular, in line of sight before a shooting. A micro push-button will scroll through the various functions on the screen.

SHOOTING RECORDING The electronic circuit of the weapon comprises a clock and a memory, the information of which can be viewed on interrogation of said memory via a port, located inside the breech, of connection to a computer accessible after introduction of a empty magazine and recoil of the cylinder head (causing it to lock in the rear position). The counting of this memory allows to restore all the elements of use of the weapon: - date & time of shots, selection (shot / shot or burst), identity of the shooter, number of ammunition fired, date & time of accreditations of people, - total ammunition fired over a period (eg year), statistics (gun aging, weapon, etc.). Hit counter function (fig. 28 & 29).

Knowing the number of shots remaining in a weapon has always been crucial information for the shooter.

The absence of a counting system still forces the user today to make a differential calculation between the shots consumed and the initial capacity of the weapon in order to know the number of ammunitions remaining. In order to facilitate the determination of the number of shots remaining, the weapon comprises a device for counting the ammunition present by recording the presence of an ammunition in the chamber and knowing the position of the front and rear carriers of the magazine.

The use of an incomplete magazine can only be justified in the context of training, so it suffices to know, for operational use, the high or low position of the carriers in each compartment to deduce the number of shots remaining before a shot.

For this purpose, the magazine well is provided with contactors (130, 131) located in the carcass at the top and bottom of the sliding groove of each conveyor button.

The position information of each button thus collected is transmitted to the central microprocessor which assigns a value, contained in its memory and supplemented by the detection of a possible presence of cartridge in the barrel, of overall capacity of the weapon with the magazine .

The distinction between the various models of magazines (short, long ...) follows the same principle: a contactor (129) located in the well of the weapon allows the central computer unit, if it is activated, to recognize the type of magazine engaged and display the actual capacity information according to the position of the carriers and the information on the presence of a cartridge in the barrel.

Each time the computer unit is fired (microprocessor) decreases the calculated total by one round and brings the result to the screen. This method, inexpensive in terms of production, does not however make it possible to know the instantaneous capacity of a partially filled magazine engaged in the weapon.

To this end, the magazine well may include a scale of sensors detecting the passage of a marker (magnetic, electroluminescent, etc.) located on the transporter of each compartment. The spacing between each sensor corresponds to the movement of the conveyor when removing a cartridge from the corresponding compartment.

Referencing the position of each sensor will allow the central unit to determine the capacity of each compartment and to supplement it with the possible presence of a cartridge in the barrel to deduce the capacity of the weapon. Note: the number of shots fired is determined using the number of discharges actually counted by firing touch (there is no electrical contact in the absence of a cartridge).

MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF A SHOOTER

In order to authorize firing only by the actual holder of a weapon or any accredited person, a fingerprint recognition device is incorporated in the central block (133) located in the breech, behind the firing mandrel ( 124).

This device is coupled to a substrate (123), ensuring the detection or analysis of the characteristic points of the imprint, applied to the front face of the trigger tail.

The system is only activated when the counter-trigger security is deactivated, causing the trigger to retract slightly, which presses the main switch (125) to energize the weapon circuits, located behind the trigger nearby blow / blow (126) and burst (127) contactors. The identification module is then energized and its role is to authorize the firing after a positive identification of the shooter's fingerprint.

Note: the general power switch of the weapon and the shot / shot contactor can advantageously be integrated in a two-level contactor or in a rotator (125 bis).

Enrollment procedure.

In order to ensure permanent control and monitoring of users (individuals, administrations, armed forces, special forces, etc.) a procedure for enrolling or storing fingerprints is established according to a two-level accreditation principle.

To this end, the memory capacity of the identification block is divided into two compartments, one of which (136) is reserved for recording the fingerprints of the empowering persons and the other (135) for that of the authorized persons. First level.

This level corresponds to that of the authorizations of individuals by the only competent authorities to carry out accreditations for the use of a weapon. This operation is made impossible for any user who has not been designated as such. For this purpose, the corresponding compartment (136) of the memory of the identification block is only accessible by a port (137) located inside the breech of the weapon and the storage of the desired fingerprints s 'after unlocking access to said memory via software (PC) and a special connection cable. This software unlocks, via a code, access to the memory compartment for a period of time (a few minutes) sufficient to allow enrollment of the user.

Enabling procedure: remove the total locking lock from the weapon, remove the magazine and check that no ammunition is present in the chamber, - pull the breech back and block it with the breech catch, connect the cable connecting the computer to the port located inside and at the back of the cylinder head, initialize the unlocking software and enter the authority identification code then the name and the identification code of the person to enable, wait for the confirmation beep to unlock the weapon, - make sure that the counter-trigger is unlocked, put the finger of the person to be authorized on the trigger, wait for the end of enrollment signal (beep) , disconnect the wire from the breech port, the weapon is usable by the new authority only.

Note: this procedure, which can take place in the premises of the administration (police station ...) is particularly suitable for the dissemination of the weapon via conventional distribution networks (gunsmiths ...), where the personal code of the future holder of the weapon is directly and beforehand addressed to him by the administration. Only the authorized person (to the exclusion of all others) can then use the weapon. A period of validity may be introduced in order to oblige the user to periodically return to the services of the authority to unlock his weapon.

Second level. This level allows the transfer of authorization from a so-called “enabling” authority to a user using a simplified procedure, requiring no wiring of the weapon to a computer in order to be used quickly in operations. No power to transfer the accreditation is then attributed to the new authority.

Quick authorization procedure: remove the total locking lock from the weapon, remove the magazine and check that no ammunition is present in the chamber, unlock the counter-trigger, initialize a sequence by performing a predefined number (by example five) of complete and successive presses on the trigger queue, affixing the enabling person's finger on the trigger, wait for the enrollment authorization signal (beep), within XX seconds (for example thirty, authorization enrollment ceases after this period), put the finger of the new user for five seconds on the trigger, - the emission of a new beep confirms the enrollment (only one possible) of the new user and the opening of a new enrollment sequence, the absence of a fingerprint on the trigger during an enrollment sequence automatically closes it.

The weapon can only be used by the enabling person and those they have authorized. Note: this secondary authorization procedure is discretionary. Only the administrations concerned will have this possibility of rapid authorization, the implementation of which is carried out via a specific code issued by the manufacturer.

RESISTANCE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FLASHES AND OTHER INDUCTION CURRENTS

The weapon according to the invention must be capable of flawless functioning whatever the environmental conditions (severe thunderstorms, high power radar radiation, nuclear electromagnetic flashes, etc.). To this end, the necessary shielding of vital elements (central computing unit, memories of the identification block, etc.) will be adopted in order to guarantee perfect insensitivity to these phenomena.

ADVANTAGES OF THE WEAPON AND AMMUNITION FOLLOWING THE INVENTION

The weapon and ammunition according to the invention have many advantages compared to current solutions, in particular in terms of precision and firepower. These benefits are listed as follows. Precision.

The barrel is mounted either fixed, rigid, or sliding in its cradle de facto eliminating any problem of repositioning and stalling between each shot as on most weapons in service.

The telescopic gun device also contributes to this precision by providing an elongated guide path for the munition.

Security.

Reliability superior to that of holstered ammunition weapons, the base of which is in the open air during firing, exposing the shooter to the risk of the wall of the holster and the primer bursting. The present patent, on the other hand, is based on a principle of charging the munition in a sealed and confined chamber with the benefit of the thickness of the barrel walls and of the sealing piston.

Safety trigger, the latter being composed of a particularly innovative "counter-trigger" since it allows rapid implementation of the very hand which holds the weapon, and this in a totally ambidextrous manner.

Easy, simplified and economical storage: limited to ready-to-use ammunition. The elimination of procedures for collecting, processing and repackaging used cases is synonymous with substantial savings.

Quadruple locking of the weapon by introduction of a removable lock ensuring the locking of the trigger, the breech, the magazine well and the disassembly lock.

Systematic empowerment of shooters making the weapon according to the invention the real answer to the problems of unauthorized employment or diversion.

Operational employment

Dimensions and reduced weight: the principle of the invention makes it possible to house the recuperating spring, ensuring the return of the slide in the closed position, around the canoa This arrangement is particularly advantageous in terms of size since it avoids the use of a guide rod as on most current weapons which operate by combined recoil of the barrel and the slide.

The weight of the weapon and its size benefit from the elimination of this part. By way of example, the production of an automatic pistol according to the invention would lead to a weight of the weapon, magazine supplied with forty cartridges included, of less than 700 grams. Advantages of the tandem magazine: the tandem arrangement of the compartments and three ammunition stacks makes it possible to carry up to three times the capacity of current magazines, ie more than forty cartridges.

This device concentrates the firepower of a submachine gun in an automatic, paving the way for a new market of compact and light weapons with extraordinary firepower.

Unrivaled discretion due to the absence of traces (cases) after a shot. Improved efficiency of ammunition which benefits from a reduction in weight and size of up to 50% of conventional ammunition and this for equal performance.

Increased firepower: for the same weight of ammunition, the effective (or projectable) mass is equal to that carried, ie 50% more than with holstered ammunition.

Elimination of the risk of jamming when ejecting the cases. Elimination of the risks of sticking a holster in the chamber and the subsequent immobilization of the weapon. Elimination of the risk of burns which could result, on ejection, from the contact of a case with the skin.

Maintenance and disassembly of the weapon simplified: the absence of disassembly key and other moving parts, make a weapon according to the invention a particularly simple and quick model to disassemble for routine maintenance.

Claims

- Individual automatic weapon for firing ammunition without a case, characterized in that it comprises: a sealing device by mechanical or pressure variation of the gases in the bore of segments or corollas, a device for securing the breech / barrel by studs powered by gas, - a combined cartridge ignition / ejection device and extractor reminder, an automatic extractor lifting device, a sequencer device for the magazine compartments, a device for placing the cartridges in the magazine, a safety device against the trigger, - a key locking device with quadruple effect, a device for stabilizing the fire by borrowing gas from the chamber, a device for increasing the power of the ammunition by telescopic gun, a device for 'routing of information by recuperative spring lined with one or more conductive wires.

- Automatic weapon according to claim 1 caractéπsée in that the device for mechanical variation of the bore of segments or corollas consists of: - a central sleeve (44), the front face of which corresponds to the bottom of the firing cup, provided with two conical shoulders or bearings (45 & 45 bis) simultaneously ensuring gas tightness and the role of travel stop for said sleeve, the second conical bearing (45 bis) more particularly ensuring the role of drawer for the compression of pumps (47 ) with springs or displacement of balls (54 bis) ,.

- a conical narrowing (fig. 6/15 & 6/16, pt. A) of the piston reception chamber (62) such that the tolerance of the piston / chamber machining tolerance is less than or equal to that of the maximum bore (fig. 6/16 point C) d no corolla (41 sept) when the piston is at the travel stop,

- spring pumps (47) mounted in a star around the axis of the mandrel.

- A central sleeve (44) provided with a bearing (45 quart) seat of (s) rondell) (46) expandable).

- one or more conical expandable washers (46).

- Automatic weapon according to Claims 1, characterized in that the device for varying the gas pressure in the bore of segments or corollas comprises: a circular groove (42 bis) for uniform distribution of gas pressure, concentric with the housing (42) of a segment (41, 41 bis, 41 ter, 41 sept) or couple of segments (41 quarter & quint). channels (40) drilled in the mandrel coφs in a substantially radial direction opening into the circular groove (42 bis) concentric with the housing (42) of the sealing segment and / or tenon housings (fig. 6 bis) and communicating with channels (39) parallel to the central axis and opening into the single firing bowl. - grooves (40 bis) in variable number symmetrically distributed at the periphery of the piston head and ensuring the borrowing of gases at the front face of said piston in order to route them to the groove (42 bis) of circulation with which they communicate, a firing cup comprising radial lights (channels) or radial slots (40 ter), arranged symmetrically at the periphery and ensuring communication between the interior of the bowl and the circumferential groove housing (42) of a sealing segment (or pair of segments) situated around the piston at the level of said firing cup. - Automatic weapon according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that the segments (41, 41 bis, 41 ter, 41 quarter, 41 quint, 41 six) are retracted (s) in the rest position inside their receiving groove (42) and in such a way that their outside diameter remains less than the bore or diameter of the pistoa - Automatic weapon according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that the sealing corollas (41 Sept, Oct , nove & eleven) are patellar and closed and that: - the thickness of the section decreases regularly, according to a generatrix preferentially but not exclusively curved, comprised between the base (B) and the upper edge (O) so as to favor, under gas pressure or a narrowing of the chamber (62), a combined radial elastic variation of the curvature with a torsion of the entire section (fig. 6/17) which pivots around the rounded inner edge (fig. 6 / 15, B) from its base, - the external face comprises an angular sector (fig. 6/15), on either side of the point (C) of greatest bore, of radius advantageously close to that of the reception chamber in order to favor a sealing contact of bore patellar type periphery,

- the outer face may include a crown (41 ten) whose opening is in the opposite direction to that of the corolla (41 nove) and such that the bore at rest of its point (D) of larger diameter is greater than that of the arrow (C) of said corolla and that of a narrowing of the chamber (62) for receiving the piston,

- the internal edge (fig. 6/15, B) of the base of the section is preferably circular so as to ensure a patellar sealing contact of section by valve effect between the walls (fig. 6/16 & 6 / 18, 42 quint & 42 six) of its receiving groove (42), - the base of the corolla (41 eleven) is integrated into the lower part (17) or mandrel of the piston forming a piston assembly with patellar corolla,

- the bore, at rest, of the external upper edge (fig. 6/17, point 0) is at most equal to that of the piston. - Automatic weapon according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 characterized in that the segment, pair of segments or corolla (41, 41 bis, 41 ter, 41 quart, 41 quint, 41 six, 41 sept, 41 oct , 41 nove, 41 eleven) is mounted: - on the spring-loaded pump heads (47), placed in a star shape around the axis of the piston, the pumps sitting on a conical bearing (45a) of the central sleeve, the displacement, under the action of propellants, causes a radial pressure on said spring pumps which compress and cause the uniform increase in the diameter of the segment by pressing it against the wall of the cylinder (62) receiving the piston thus ensuring gas tightness. - On balls (54) or tenons arranged all around the sleeve (44) in the groove housing the segment, so as to be simultaneously in contact with the internal face of said segment and a conical bearing (45a) of the sleeve whose displacement causes the radial extension resulting in the uniform increase in the diameter of the sealing segment by pressing it against the wall of the cylinder (62) receiving the piston, thus ensuring gas tightness. - Around an expandable washer (46) sitting on a bearing of the central sleeve whose displacement, under the action of propellants, causes the compression of said washer causing the uniform increase in its diameter and therefore that of the segment sealing (41) by pressing it against the wall of the cylinder (62) receiving the piston, thus ensuring gas tightness.

- around a circular groove (42 bis), concentric with the seat groove (42), intended to distribute the action of the propellants uniformly on the internal face of the segment (41, 41 bis, 41 ter, 41 quart & quint) , 41 sept) causing its uniform increase in diameter by pressing it against the wall of the cylinder (62) receiving the piston, thus ensuring gas tightness. directly facing radial lights or radial slots (40 ter) arranged on the periphery of the firing cup so as to uniformly distribute the action of the propellants on the internal face of the segment, pair of segments (41, 41 bis, 41 ter, 41 quart & quint, 41 sept) or corollas (41sept, nove & eleven) causing a uniform increase in diameter and contact with the wall of the piston receiving cylinder (62) thus ensuring gas tightness. - such that, in the case of two segments (41 quarter, 41 quint) preferentially but not exclusively at an angle or L, concentric and indexed at 180 °, the short branch (plate 7/27, fig 6/12 to 6/14 ) of their section penetrates into a circumferential groove hollowed out on the bottom and at the level of the lower edge of their receiving groove (42) forming in particular a shoulder (42 quint) so that during the retraction of the piston, under the effect of friction of the external segment (41 quint) on the wall of the receiving cylinder, the short branch of the L-shaped section of the internal segment (41 quint) abuts on the shoulder (42 quint) thus forming a seal and preventing any gas leaking behind the segments The internal segment (41 quart) has a bayonet opening preferably on the short branch of its section such that the dimension (h) of the interior half-bayonet is less than the range of said segment when dilated on the ep aulement (42 quint) The external segment (41 quint) has a bayonet opening on its two branches so that a perfect seal is ensured by the couple of segments independently of the effects of friction tending to raise it or gas pressure which tend to press it on the underside of the receiving groove such that, in the case of a closed annular segment (41six), the sides of the isosceles trapezoidal / triangular section are in abutment on the surfaces arranged symmetrically on the sleeve head (44) and the mandrel (17) at the level of the groove (42) housing so as to produce an expansion of said segment when a force is applied to the piston head the opening oriented towards the piston head in the case of corollas (fig 6/16 & 6/18, 41 sept & 41 nove) and with a certain lateral and longitudinal clearance in a reception housing (42) of said piston comprising at its lower edge a groove (42 quarter) reception of the base or corolla foot in order to facilitate the angular torsional movement of the section and the patellar contact of the internal edge (fig 6/15) rounded of said base playing between the lower shoulder (42 six) of the groove (42 quarter) and its conical upper shoulder (42 quint) depending on whether the gas pressure pushes the corolla towards the bottom of the piston or whether friction against the chamber tends to make it go upside down (41 Oct) with the sealing corolla (41 Sept) so as to constitute a scraper corolla such that the generator at its convexity arrow is in contact with the edge of the chamber entry as soon as the breech is fully closed - Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the bolt / barrel securing device consists of housings (56) of studs arranged radially, communicating with channels (39, 40) opening into the firing bowl, which ensure, under the pressure of the propellants , the displacement of tenons (54 & 55) which they contain in a radial direction towards the outside of the skirt, said skirt comprising a conical reception orifice limiting the travel of each tenon and operating a tight connection of the valve type, of studs (54, 55) - Automatic weapon according to claims 1 & 7 characterized in that the chamber (62) for receiving the mandrel piston includes female receptacles for receiving the heads of studs present on the piston and opposite of which they are directly located - Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the bolt / barrel securing device consists of housings (56 bis) of studs arranged radially in the barrel wall at the level of the ammunition chamber into which they open directly and ensure, under the pressure of the propellant gases, the displacement of studs (54 & 55) which they contain in a radial direction and towards the outside - Automatic weapon according to the es claims 1 & 9 characterized in that the breech (16) comprises female receptacles (56 ter) for receiving the barrel studs opposite which they are directly located and that said studs (54, 55) preferentially adopt a form of sphere or have a flattened base surmounted by a cone terminated by a half-sphere 1 - Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the combined ignition / cartridge ejection device (27, 28, 29 & 30) is constituted an axial valve rod coupled to a latching extension (30, 38) which strikes a stop (77) integral with the carcass during the full recoil of the cylinder head - Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the foot extractor return device (22) is articulated at the sleeve and that said foot is mounted in abutment on the conical part in the form of a valve of the igniter / ejector (27) so that the return spring of said igniter also performs the return function of said extractor.

- Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized the automatic lifting device of the extractor comprises a claw (21) which has a hook-shaped head whose front fece adopts an inclination adapted to cooperate with that of the ramp (59) lifting of the ammunition chamber and that the length of its arm is adapted so as to produce the ascent of said claw in the lifting ramp before the cartridge head abuts on the scratch entry when closing the breech .

- Automatic weapon according to claims 1 & 13 caractéπsée in that the reception and lifting housing of the extractor claw consists of a ramp (59) inclined at the entrance to the ammunition chamber and in the axis of the extractor claw with which it cooperates.

- Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the trigger safety (68) or "counter-trigger" consists of: an arm (68) for maneuver or counter-trigger lever secured to the trigger guard and retractable in a reception housing (69) of said trigger guard, of a device for blocking the trigger tail implemented by angular rotation of the trigger (64) following a pressure exerted on its rear end.

- Automatic weapon according to claim 15 characterized in that the device for blocking the trigger tail (64) consists of a housing (67) for receiving the pin (66 bis) of the trigger guard lock and a cam ( 67 bis) circular of a corner portion corresponding to the rearward movement (firing) of the trigger tail, cam on which the pin is supported under the action of the return spring of the lock and said housing

(67) positioned in such a way that its engagement by the pin is only possible after the trigger tail has made a counterclockwise rotation capable of erasing a setback (67 ter) causing a boss effect by slight recoil of the pin just before the latter commences its accommodation (67) for relaxation.

- Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the coupling device / sequencer of the magazine compartments consists of a stop arm (103) of cartridges having at its end a horizontal stop (103 bis), articulated on the rear wall the magazine well of which it is integral via an axis passing through the carcass: either parallel to the axis of the barrel so as to ensure lateral pivoting of the stop arm (103) and its horizontal stop (103 bis) triggered by the rise the button (101) of the front conveyor which, as soon as the last cartridge leaves the compartment, causes the tilting of a deflection rod housed in the lateral internal wall of the magazine well and pivotally mounted on its median axis in order to cooperate with an integral arm that (103) of the cartridge retainer to cause its tilting, either perpendicular to the axis of the barrel so as to ensure a pivoting towards the rear of the barrel retainer (103) which then comprises a hooking arm (103b) provided at its end with a lug (102a) for engaging a locking hook (102).

- Automatic weapon according to claim 17 characterized in that the catch hook (102) comprises a cam (102 ter) cooperating with the button (101) of the transporter of the front compartment in order to cause it to pivot. - Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the device for placing cartridges in the magazine or magazine (95) consists of a straight profile of said magazine from the base up to a certain height where its lateral faces adopt an angle of particular slope forming a narrowing at the top such that the angle of slope (or inclination) of a lateral fece is different from that of the other fece.

- Automatic weapon according to Claim 1, characterized in that the device for compensating for lifting ammunition without a case consists of a vertical sampling channel (90) of the propellant gases, pierced through the upper wall of the barrel at the entrance to the ammunition chamber, communicating: either with a tube (92) mounted fixed parallel to said barrel and opening upwards at its end, or with a channel pierced longitudinally in the thickness of the slide along the axis of the barrel and opening at its end in a substantially vertical direction and upwards. The feed port of the slide channel takes the form of a groove (91) formed on the internal surface of the slide of a length suitable for promoting the supply of gas during the rear path of the cylinder head.

- Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the key locking device of the weapon consists of a receiving housing (113) of a removable lock (114) and a rod (115) of locking of the magazine well, said housing located on the underside of the carcass at the front of the trigger guard and said lock passing through the carcass to open under the barrel so as to limit the stroke of the breech to the only distance between the head of the lock and the lower front edge of the cylinder head. - Automatic weapon according to claim 21 characterized in that the rod (115) for locking the magazine well has one end opening into said well and the other end comprises a pin (115 bis) causing the displacement of said rod during l engagement of the cost of the lock in its reception housing (113) into which it opens. - Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the device for increasing the power of the ammunition consists of a telescopic barrel (138) with automatic extension mounted sliding inside a second barrel (140) and maintained in the retracted position by a return spring (141). The internal barrel (138) having the shape of a hollow cylinder of internal diameter adapted to the caliber of the ammunition and comprising two contiguous and coaxial sections (138 bis) and (138 ter) of external diameters capable of cooperating respectively with the diameters of the inner shoulders (140 bis and 140 ter) of the outer barrel

(140) inside which said internal barrel slides. - Automatic weapon according to claim 23 characterized in that the telescopic barrel (138) has on its part of smaller diameter (138 ter) a number of rectilinear or helical grooves cooperating with symmetrically arranged grooves on the internal fece of the part smaller diameter cylindrical

(140 bis) of the outer barrel (140). - Automatic weapon according to claim 1 characterized in that the recovery spring (57) is lined with one or more conductive wires contained in a sheath surrounding the wire of said spring mounted indexed at its two ends, namely the barrel cradle and the cylinder head, so as to ensure a tight multipolar connection between the wires for conveying information from the trigger (125 quarter) and from a calculation unit of the cylinder head (125 ter).