EP1611320B1 - Cooling module with by-pass, in particular for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Cooling module with by-pass, in particular for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1611320B1
EP1611320B1 EP04742474A EP04742474A EP1611320B1 EP 1611320 B1 EP1611320 B1 EP 1611320B1 EP 04742474 A EP04742474 A EP 04742474A EP 04742474 A EP04742474 A EP 04742474A EP 1611320 B1 EP1611320 B1 EP 1611320B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling module
channels
module according
fluid
cooled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04742474A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1611320A2 (en
Inventor
Patrick Perrin
Pascal Le Goff
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Publication of EP1611320A2 publication Critical patent/EP1611320A2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M5/00—Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant; Lubrication means facilitating engine starting
    • F01M5/005—Controlling temperature of lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M5/00—Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant; Lubrication means facilitating engine starting
    • F01M5/005—Controlling temperature of lubricant
    • F01M5/007—Thermostatic control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/06—Derivation channels, e.g. bypass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heat exchangers, especially for motor vehicles.
  • a cooling module comprising at least one heat exchanger having a body defining first flow channels for a fluid to be cooled, which alternate with second flow channels for a cooling fluid, an inlet and a outlet for the fluid to be cooled communicating with the first channels, and an inlet and an outlet for the cooling fluid which communicate with the second channels.
  • Such a cooling module finds a particular application in motor vehicles for cooling the engine lubricating oil and / or the gearbox oil.
  • the first and second channels of the heat exchanger are most often delimited by a series of stacked plates whose respective edges are brazed to mutually isolate the channels.
  • the first channels serve for the flow of the fluid to be cooled, for example oil
  • the second channels which alternate with the first channels, serve for the flow of a cooling fluid which may be, for example , the vehicle engine coolant or a flow of air.
  • valve being constituted by a separate component, it can not be integrated in the cooling module.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the invention also aims to provide such a cooling module which is capable of integrating a number of components and functions, which makes it possible to reduce the number of components external to the cooling module itself.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose a cooling module of the type defined in the introduction, which further comprises a bypass channel establishing a direct connection between the inlet and the outlet of the fluid to be cooled, and which houses at least in part a valve movable between a bypass position in which the fluid to be cooled passes into the bypass channel without flowing in the first channels when the temperature of the fluid to be cooled is in a given temperature range, and a normal position in which the fluid to be cooled flows in the first channels without passing through the bypass duct when the temperature of the fluid to be cooled is in another temperature range.
  • the cooling module of the invention incorporates a bypass channel and a control valve that selectively controls the passage of the fluid to be cooled, either in the bypass channel or in the first channels, according to given laws.
  • housing the control valve in the cooling module simplifies the structure of the module by reducing the number of components. It is possible that at least part of the valve is made directly in one of the components of the module, for example in a housing that includes the module.
  • the control valve is advantageously a thermostatic valve.
  • it comprises a thermosensitive member and a shutter displaceable under the action of the thermosensitive member.
  • the thermostatic valve comprises a fixed tube housed in the inlet fluid to be cooled and having at least a first lateral opening communicating with the bypass channel and at least a second lateral opening communicating with the first channels, while the shutter is in the form of a movable tube slidably mounted in the fixed tube and arranged to control the lateral openings of the fixed tube, the thermosensitive element being interposed between the fixed tube and the sliding tube.
  • the fixed tube which is housed axially in the inlet of the fluid to be cooled, constitutes a distribution box which, by appropriate openings, is able to communicate on the one hand with the bypass channel and on the other hand with the channels for the flow of the fluid to be cooled.
  • the flow of the fluid to be cooled in the bypass channel or in the circulation channels of the fluid to be cooled is effected selectively by the sliding of the mobile tube whose wall has openings or appropriate openings.
  • the movable tube comprises perforated portions arranged to open the first lateral opening and simultaneously close the second lateral opening when the shutter is in the bypass position and, conversely, to close the first lateral opening and simultaneously open the second side opening when the shutter is in the normal position.
  • the fixed tube advantageously comprises an open end opening on an end face of the body of the heat exchanger, and through which the fluid to be cooled, and a closed end located on an opposite end face of the body of the heat exchanger. heat exchanger, the bypass channel extending from the side of this opposite end face.
  • the thermostatic valve is interposed between a closed end of the fixed tube and a perforated washer mounted inside the movable tube.
  • the closed end of the fixed tube prefferably in the form of a plug screwed into a tapping of the fixed tube.
  • This plug facilitates access to the thermostatic valve, both for its assembly and for its maintenance.
  • the heat-sensitive element preferably comprises a housing enclosing an expandable material, in particular of the wax type, which acts on a movable rod.
  • the housing of the thermosensitive element is integral with the perforated washer, while the movable rod is integral with the closed end of the fixed tube.
  • the thermostatic valve advantageously comprises a spring arranged to return the shutter towards the bypass position.
  • the body of the cooler advantageously comprises a multiplicity of common plates arranged in a stack and between which are defined the first channels and the second channels. This produces a plate heat exchanger.
  • the stack of current plates is framed at one end by a base into which the inlet and the outlet of the fluid to be cooled open, and at an opposite end by a cover contributing to delimit the bypass channel. and into which the inlet and the outlet of the cooling fluid.
  • the heat exchanger of the cooling module is advantageously an oil cooler.
  • the control valve is preferably housed at least partly in the body of the heat exchanger.
  • the bypass channel is formed in the body of the heat exchanger.
  • the cooling module of the invention may simply comprise a heat exchanger, in particular an oil cooler.
  • This housing is advantageously metallic, for example aluminum.
  • control valve is also housed at least partly in the housing. It is advantageous that the bypass channel is made in the housing.
  • the module may comprise fixed elements which are at least obtained directly from the housing.
  • control valve of the invention can be controlled according to various laws, of which non-limiting examples are given below.
  • FIG 1 schematically represents a cooling module according to the invention which, in the example, comprises a heat exchanger 10 made in the form of an oil cooler.
  • This cooler 10 comprises a body 12, not shown in detail, delimiting first channels 14 for the flow of an oil to be cooled and second flow channels 16 for a cooling fluid, the first channels and the second channels being arranged alternately.
  • Such a cooler can be used in particular for cooling the engine oil and / or the gearbox of a motor vehicle.
  • the first and second channels are delimited by a stack of current plates 13 (shown schematically).
  • the body 12 has an end face (here at the bottom) which rests on a base 20 for fixing the cooler, for example on the engine block of the vehicle.
  • the body 12 has another opposite end face 22 which receives a cover 24 which contributes to defining, with the end face 22, a bypass channel 26 for the circulation of the oil.
  • the oil cooler further comprises an oil inlet conduit 28 which communicates with the first channels 14 for supplying oil and an oil outlet conduit 30 which also communicates with the first channels 14 to evacuate the oil. oil outside.
  • the ducts 28 and 30 are in the form of cylindrical ducts of parallel axes which traverse perpendicularly all the first channels 14.
  • the second channels 16 communicate with an inlet duct 32 connected to an inlet pipe 34 and an outlet pipe 36 connected to an outlet pipe 38, the ducts 32 and 36 serving respectively to the inlet and at the outlet of a cooling fluid.
  • the oil enters the conduit 28 through an opening 40 of the base 20 and leaves the cooler through an opening 42 of the base 20.
  • the ducts 32 and 36 have simply been shown in broken lines because they lie outside the section plane. These two ducts make it possible to enter and exit the cooling fluid so that it exchanges heat with the oil to be cooled.
  • the bypass channel 26 makes it possible to establish direct communication between the oil inlet duct 28 and the oil outlet duct 30 by means of a thermostatic valve 44 which is housed directly in the body 12 of the cooler and more particularly in the oil inlet duct 28.
  • the thermostatic valve 44 comprises a fixed tube 46, also called external tube or distribution tube, which extends axially inside the conduit 28.
  • the fixed tube 46 comprises one end open 48 opening on the end face 18 and more particularly in the opening 40 of the base 20. It further comprises an opposite end 50, called closed end, which is closed by an end plug 52.
  • the closed end 50 is located on the side of the end face 22 and protrudes outside the cover 24.
  • the valve 44 further comprises a shutter 54 made in the form of a movable tube which is slidably mounted in the fixed tube 46.
  • the displacement of the movable tube 54 with respect to the fixed tube 46 is controlled by a thermosensitive element 56 interposed between the fixed tube 46 and the movable tube 54.
  • the fixed tube 46 comprises at least a first lateral opening 58 communicating with the bypass channel 26 and at least a second lateral opening 60 communicating with the first channels 14.
  • the movable tube 54 comprises perforated portions constituted by at least one first clean opening 62 to come in correspondence of the first opening 58 in the position of the figure 1 and at least one second opening 64 adapted to come in correspondence of the second opening 60 in the position of the figure 2 .
  • the opening 62 is offset relative to the opening 58, while the opening 64 is aligned with the opening 60.
  • the oil that enters the body of the cooler can pass only through the channels 14 to then gain the oil outlet duct, without passing through the bypass channel.
  • This is a normal position, also called a cooling position.
  • control of the passage of the oil either in the cooling channel 26, or in the first channels 14, is carried out selectively via the thermosensitive element 56 of the valve.
  • the channels 14 and the channels 16 are delimited by a set of stacked plates 66 having a raised peripheral rim 68, the different flanges of the plates being brazed to each other for sealing.
  • the cover 24 has a peripheral rim 70, of similar conformation, which fits on the peripheral rim 68 of the plate 66 located at the top of the stack.
  • the cover 24 has a rib 72 which contributes to defining the bypass channel 26.
  • the cover 24 comprises two end pieces 74 and 76 which respectively receive the inlet pipe 34 and the outlet pipe 38 for the cooling fluid.
  • the fixed tube 46 comprises a pair of openings 58, each of substantially semicircular shape, and four pairs of openings 60, also each of semicircular shape.
  • the movable tube 54 comprises a pair of openings 62, each of semicircular shape, and four pairs of openings 64, each of semicircular shape.
  • the thermosensitive element 56 comprises a housing 78 enclosing a material expandable under the action of heat, for example of the beeswax type. This thermosensitive element is subjected directly to the temperature of the oil that enters the body of the cooler. The higher the temperature of the oil, the more the thermosensitive element and the material it contains expand. The expansion of the material causes the displacement of a rod 80, one end of which is embedded in a blind hole 82 formed in the plug 52, the latter being made in the form of a hexagonal nut which is screwed to the end of the fixed tube 46.
  • This hexagonal nut has a thread 84 which cooperates with a tapping 86 of a ring 88 which passes through the cover 24 and which is an integral part of the fixed tube 46.
  • a sealing washer 90 is placed between the plug and the ring.
  • the housing 78 which encloses the expandable material is secured to the movable tube 54 by means of a perforated washer 92.
  • a return spring 94 here a helical spring, is housed axially inside the movable tube 54 One end of the spring bears against the perforated washer 92, while another end bears on a shoulder 96 formed in the base 20 ( figure 6 ). This spring tends to solicit the thermostatic valve to the bypass position, while the expansion of the material of the thermosensitive element tends, on the contrary, to move the thermostatic valve to its normal cooling position.
  • a law allowed by the invention is to pass the oil through the channels (the bypass channel being closed) for both low temperatures and high temperatures.
  • the cooler is used as an oil heater and as an oil cooler at high temperatures.
  • the oil is derived from the cooler at intermediate temperatures.
  • Another law allowed by the invention is to pass the oil through both the channels and the bypass channel (the bypass channel being open) for low temperatures, only in the bypass channel for intermediate temperatures. and only in the channels for high temperatures. In this case, at low temperatures, the pressure drops in the exchanger due to the high viscosity of the oil are reduced to a minimum, thus making it possible to avoid the use of a discharge valve as is the case in the prior art.
  • the oil is derived from the cooler for intermediate temperatures (no cooling required). In this case, finally, the oil passes through the exchanger for high temperatures (cooling of the necessary oil).
  • FIGS 7 and 8 show a cooling module 100 which incorporates a heat exchanger 10 (here an oil cooler) and a housing 102 and an oil filter 104.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is similar to those shown above. It comprises a set of plates delimiting first flow channels for an oil to be cooled and second flow channels for a cooling fluid. These second channels communicate with an inlet 32 and an outlet 36 for the cooling fluid.
  • the inlet 32 and the outlet 36 are placed at one end of the body 12 of the heat exchanger. At the other end of the body 12 are arranged both the housing 102 and the oil filter 104.
  • the housing 102 is a metal housing, made for example of aluminum.
  • the control valve 44 is housed at least partly in the housing 102. It comprises a thermostatic member 56 interposed between a plug 52 and a shutter 54 made in the form of a tube slidably mounted inside a fixed tube 46, as in the previous embodiments.
  • This fixed tube 56 incorporates a portion of the base 50 of the heat exchanger 10, this base comprising a lateral opening 60 communicating with the flow channels of the oil to be cooled.
  • the fixed tube 46 comprises a lateral opening 58 communicating with a bypass channel 26, also formed in the housing 102.
  • the housing 102 defines an inlet 28 for the oil to be cooled and an outlet 30 for the cooled oil.
  • the oil filter 104 is adapted to be traversed by the cooled oil. It is disposed adjacent to the housing 102 and has an inlet 106 communicating with the channels of the heat exchanger in which the oil flows and an outlet 108 which communicates with the bypass channel 26.
  • the lateral opening 60 is open, while the lateral opening 58 is closed.
  • the oil to be cooled enters the body 102 through the inlet 28, then passes into the heat exchanger 10 through the opening 60 where it is cooled by heat exchanger with the cooling fluid. Then, the cooled oil leaves the heat exchanger 10 to enter the oil filter 104 where it is filtered. The filtered oil then leaves the oil filter through exit 108 to gain bypass channel 26 and exit 30.
  • the oil is first cooled and then filtered before leaving the cooling module.
  • bypass channel could be made also on the opposite side of the heat exchanger, that is to say on the side of the base.
  • the openings in the fixed tube and the openings in the movable tube may be horizontal slots, that is to say perpendicular to the sliding axis, as described above. It can also be inclined slits, which improves the flow of oil to the oil circulation channels, or slits with more complex shapes to ensure a gradual opening of the oil passages .
  • thermostatic valve using, for example, an electric heating element acting on the thermosensitive element. This can be used, for example, to force oil into the exchanger when the coolant is hot enough.
  • the invention is not limited to a plate-type exchanger and can be applied to other types of exchangers defining circulation channels that can have different shapes, including U-shaped channels.
  • control valve 44 can be controlled according to different defined laws.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The module has an oil cooler with a body to delimit a fluid flow channel. The module houses a control valve movable between side duct and normal positions. Fluid to be cooled passes through a side duct channel without flowing into the flow channel when the fluid temperature is in an interval and vice versa in another interval when the valve is in side duct and normal positions, respectively. The side duct channel establishes a direct connection between an inlet and an outlet of the fluid to be cooled.

Description

L'invention se rapporte aux échangeurs de chaleur, notamment pour véhicules automobiles.The invention relates to heat exchangers, especially for motor vehicles.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement un module de refroidissement comprenant au moins un échangeur de chaleur ayant un corps délimitant de premiers canaux d'écoulement pour un fluide à refroidir, qui alternent avec de seconds canaux d'écoulement pour un fluide de refroidissement, une entrée et une sortie pour le fluide à refroidir qui communiquent avec les premiers canaux, ainsi qu'une entrée et une sortie pour le fluide de refroidissement qui communiquent avec les seconds canaux.It relates more particularly to a cooling module comprising at least one heat exchanger having a body defining first flow channels for a fluid to be cooled, which alternate with second flow channels for a cooling fluid, an inlet and a outlet for the fluid to be cooled communicating with the first channels, and an inlet and an outlet for the cooling fluid which communicate with the second channels.

Un tel module de refroidissement trouve une application particulière dans les véhicules automobiles pour refroidir l'huile de lubrification du moteur et/ou l'huile de la boîte de vitesses.Such a cooling module finds a particular application in motor vehicles for cooling the engine lubricating oil and / or the gearbox oil.

Dans un tel module de refroidissement, les premiers canaux et les seconds canaux de l'échangeur de chaleur sont le plus souvent délimités par une série de plaques empilées dont les bords respectifs sont brasés pour isoler mutuellement les canaux.In such a cooling module, the first and second channels of the heat exchanger are most often delimited by a series of stacked plates whose respective edges are brazed to mutually isolate the channels.

Les premiers canaux servent à l'écoulement du fluide à refroidir, par exemple de l'huile, tandis que les seconds canaux, qui alternent avec les premiers canaux, servent à l'écoulement d'un fluide de refroidissement qui peut être, par exemple, le liquide de refroidissement du moteur du véhicule ou encore un flux d'air.The first channels serve for the flow of the fluid to be cooled, for example oil, while the second channels, which alternate with the first channels, serve for the flow of a cooling fluid which may be, for example , the vehicle engine coolant or a flow of air.

On sait que les conditions de refroidissement de l'huile dépendent notamment de sa température et donc de sa viscosité.It is known that the cooling conditions of the oil depend in particular on its temperature and therefore its viscosity.

Ainsi, lors du démarrage du moteur, et tant que la température de l'huile se trouve au-dessous d'un certain seuil, il n'est pas nécessaire de la refroidir. En revanche, lorsque la température de l'huile atteint ou dépasse un seuil donné, il est nécessaire de la refroidir pour qu'elle se trouve à sa température de fonctionnement optimal.Thus, when starting the engine, and as the temperature of the oil is below a certain threshold, it is not necessary to cool it. On the other hand, when the temperature of the oil reaches or exceeds a given threshold, it is necessary to cool it so that it is at its optimum operating temperature.

Il est connu pour cela de prévoir, en dehors du refroidisseur d'huile, un circuit de dérivation contrôlé par une vanne, ce qui permet, dans certaines conditions de température, de faire passer l'huile dans le circuit de dérivation sans traverser le refroidisseur d'huile et, inversement, dans d'autres conditions de température, de faire passer l'huile dans le refroidisseur d'huile, sans passer par le circuit de dérivation.It is known for this to provide, apart from the oil cooler, a bypass circuit controlled by a valve, which allows, under certain temperature conditions, to pass the oil in the bypass circuit without passing through the cooler of oil and, conversely, in other temperature conditions, to pass the oil into the oil cooler, without passing through the bypass circuit.

Les lois qui définissent le passage de l'huile, soit dans le refroidisseur d'huile, soit dans le circuit de dérivation, peuvent être plus complexes et nécessiter des adaptations particulières.The laws that define the passage of the oil, either in the oil cooler or in the branch circuit, may be more complex and require special adaptations.

Ces solutions connues ont pour inconvénient de nécessiter la présence d'un circuit de dérivation et d'une vanne, à l'extérieur du refroidisseur d'huile, ce qui augmente le nombre de composants présents dans le compartiment moteur, génère un encombrement supplémentaire, et peut-être une source supplémentaire de fuites.These known solutions have the disadvantage of requiring the presence of a bypass circuit and a valve, outside the oil cooler, which increases the number of components present in the engine compartment, generates additional space, and perhaps an additional source of leaks.

De plus, la vanne étant constituée par un composant séparé, elle ne peut être intégrée au module de refroidissement.In addition, the valve being constituted by a separate component, it can not be integrated in the cooling module.

Le document US 3353590 décrit un refroidisseur d'huile et une vanne assemblés l'un à l'autre. La solution proposée n'est cependant pas entièrement satisfaisante.The document US 3353590 discloses an oil cooler and a valve assembled to one another. The proposed solution is not entirely satisfactory, however.

L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

Elle vise en particulier à procurer un module de refroidissement avec dérivation qui offre l'avantage, par rapport à la technique antérieure, d'être plus simple, moins encombrant et de nature à minimiser les risques d'incidents, notamment de fuites.It aims in particular to provide a cooling module with bypass which offers the advantage, compared with the prior art, to be simpler, less cumbersome and likely to minimize the risk of incidents, including leaks.

L'invention vise également à procurer un tel module de refroidissement qui est susceptible d'intégrer un certain nombre de composants et de fonctions, ce qui permet de diminuer le nombre de composants extérieurs au module de refroidissement proprement dit.The invention also aims to provide such a cooling module which is capable of integrating a number of components and functions, which makes it possible to reduce the number of components external to the cooling module itself.

Elle vise encore à procurer un tel module de refroidissement dont l'échangeur de chaleur peut être utilisé notamment comme refroidisseur d'huile.It is also intended to provide such a cooling module whose heat exchanger can be used in particular as an oil cooler.

L'invention propose à cet effet un module de refroidissement du type défini en introduction, lequel comprend en outre un canal de dérivation établissant une connexion directe entre l'entrée et la sortie du fluide à refroidir, et qui loge au moins en partie une vanne de commande déplaçable entre une position de dérivation en laquelle le fluide à refroidir passe dans le canal de dérivation sans s'écouler dans les premiers canaux lorsque la température du fluide à refroidir est dans un intervalle de température donné, et une position normale en laquelle le fluide à refroidir s'écoule dans les premiers canaux sans passer par le conduit de dérivation lorsque la température du fluide à refroidir est dans un autre intervalle de température.The invention proposes for this purpose a cooling module of the type defined in the introduction, which further comprises a bypass channel establishing a direct connection between the inlet and the outlet of the fluid to be cooled, and which houses at least in part a valve movable between a bypass position in which the fluid to be cooled passes into the bypass channel without flowing in the first channels when the temperature of the fluid to be cooled is in a given temperature range, and a normal position in which the fluid to be cooled flows in the first channels without passing through the bypass duct when the temperature of the fluid to be cooled is in another temperature range.

Ainsi, le module de refroidissement de l'invention incorpore un canal de dérivation et une vanne de commande qui permet de contrôler sélectivement le passage du fluide à refroidir, soit dans le canal de dérivation, soit dans les premiers canaux, en fonction de lois données.Thus, the cooling module of the invention incorporates a bypass channel and a control valve that selectively controls the passage of the fluid to be cooled, either in the bypass channel or in the first channels, according to given laws.

Plus précisement, selon l'invention, la vanne de commande est pilotée soit selon une loi définie permettant au fluide à refroidir de passer:

  • seulement dans les premiers canaux (14) pour des basses températures,
  • à la fois dans les premiers canaux (14) et dans le canal de dérivation (26) pour des températures intermédiaires, et
  • seulement dans les premiers canaux (14) pour des hautes températures,
soit selon une loi définie permettant au fluide à refroidir de passer :
  • à la fois dans les premiers canaux (14) et dans le canal de dérivation (26) pour des basses températures,
  • seulement dans le canal de dérivation (26) pour des températures intermédiaires, et
  • seulement dans les premiers canaux (14) pour des hautes températures.
More precisely, according to the invention, the control valve is driven either according to a defined law allowing the fluid to cool to pass:
  • only in the first channels (14) for low temperatures,
  • both in the first channels (14) and in the bypass channel (26) for intermediate temperatures, and
  • only in the first channels (14) for high temperatures,
according to a defined law allowing the fluid to cool to pass:
  • both in the first channels (14) and in the bypass channel (26) for low temperatures,
  • only in the bypass channel (26) for intermediate temperatures, and
  • only in the first channels (14) for high temperatures.

Le fait de loger la vanne de commande dans le module de refroidissement permet de simplifier la structure du module en réduisant le nombre de composants. Il est possible ainsi qu'une partie au moins de la vanne soit réalisée directement dans un des composants du module, par exemple dans un boîtier que comporte le module.Housing the control valve in the cooling module simplifies the structure of the module by reducing the number of components. It is possible that at least part of the valve is made directly in one of the components of the module, for example in a housing that includes the module.

La vanne de commande est avantageusement une vanne thermostatique. En ce cas, elle comporte un organe thermosensible et un obturateur déplaçable sous l'action de l'organe thermosensible.The control valve is advantageously a thermostatic valve. In this case, it comprises a thermosensitive member and a shutter displaceable under the action of the thermosensitive member.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, la vanne thermostatique comprend un tube fixe logé dans l'entrée du fluide à refroidir et ayant au moins une première ouverture latérale communiquant avec le canal de dérivation et au moins une deuxième ouverture latérale communiquant avec les premiers canaux, tandis que l'obturateur est réalisé sous la forme d'un tube mobile monté coulissant dans le tube fixe et agencé pour contrôler les ouvertures latérales du tube fixe, l'élément thermosensible étant interposé entre le tube fixe et le tube coulissant.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermostatic valve comprises a fixed tube housed in the inlet fluid to be cooled and having at least a first lateral opening communicating with the bypass channel and at least a second lateral opening communicating with the first channels, while the shutter is in the form of a movable tube slidably mounted in the fixed tube and arranged to control the lateral openings of the fixed tube, the thermosensitive element being interposed between the fixed tube and the sliding tube.

Ainsi, le tube fixe, qui est logé axialement dans l'entrée du fluide à refroidir, constitue un boîtier de distribution qui, par des ouvertures appropriées, est apte à communiquer d'une part avec le canal de dérivation et d'autre part avec les canaux servant à l'écoulement du fluide à refroidir. L'écoulement du fluide à refroidir dans le canal de dérivation ou dans les canaux de circulation du fluide à refroidir, s'effectue sélectivement par le coulissement du tube mobile dont la paroi comporte des ajours ou ouvertures appropriées.Thus, the fixed tube, which is housed axially in the inlet of the fluid to be cooled, constitutes a distribution box which, by appropriate openings, is able to communicate on the one hand with the bypass channel and on the other hand with the channels for the flow of the fluid to be cooled. The flow of the fluid to be cooled in the bypass channel or in the circulation channels of the fluid to be cooled is effected selectively by the sliding of the mobile tube whose wall has openings or appropriate openings.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le tube mobile comporte des parties ajourées aménagées pour ouvrir la première ouverture latérale et simultanément fermer la deuxième ouverture latérale lorsque l'obturateur est en position de dérivation et, inversement, fermer la première ouverture latérale et simultanément ouvrir la deuxième ouverture latérale lorsque l'obturateur est en position normale.According to another characteristic of the invention, the movable tube comprises perforated portions arranged to open the first lateral opening and simultaneously close the second lateral opening when the shutter is in the bypass position and, conversely, to close the first lateral opening and simultaneously open the second side opening when the shutter is in the normal position.

Le tube fixe comporte avantageusement une extrémité ouverte débouchant sur une face d'extrémité du corps de l'échangeur de chaleur, et par laquelle pénètre le fluide à refroidir, et une extrémité fermée située sur une face d'extrémité opposée du corps de l'échangeur de chaleur, le canal de dérivation s'étendant du côté de cette face d'extrémité opposée.The fixed tube advantageously comprises an open end opening on an end face of the body of the heat exchanger, and through which the fluid to be cooled, and a closed end located on an opposite end face of the body of the heat exchanger. heat exchanger, the bypass channel extending from the side of this opposite end face.

Il est envisageable aussi de réaliser le canal de dérivation du côté de la face d'extrémité du corps où se trouve l'extrémité ouverte du tube fixe.It is also conceivable to make the bypass channel on the side of the end face of the body where the open end of the fixed tube is located.

Avantageusement, la vanne thermostatique est interposée entre une extrémité fermée du tube fixe et une rondelle ajourée montée à l'intérieur du tube mobile.Advantageously, the thermostatic valve is interposed between a closed end of the fixed tube and a perforated washer mounted inside the movable tube.

Il est avantageux en outre que l'extrémité fermée du tube fixe soit réalisée sous la forme d'un bouchon vissé dans un taraudage du tube fixe. La présence de ce bouchon facilite l'accès à la vanne thermostatique, aussi bien pour son montage que pour son entretien.It is furthermore advantageous for the closed end of the fixed tube to be in the form of a plug screwed into a tapping of the fixed tube. The presence of this plug facilitates access to the thermostatic valve, both for its assembly and for its maintenance.

Dans l'invention, l'élément thermosensible comprend de préférence un boîtier renfermant une matière dilatable, en particulier du type cire, qui agit sur une tige mobile.In the invention, the heat-sensitive element preferably comprises a housing enclosing an expandable material, in particular of the wax type, which acts on a movable rod.

De préférence, le boîtier de l'élément thermosensible est solidaire de la rondelle ajourée, tandis que la tige mobile est solidaire de l'extrémité fermée du tube fixe.Preferably, the housing of the thermosensitive element is integral with the perforated washer, while the movable rod is integral with the closed end of the fixed tube.

La vanne thermostatique comprend avantageusement un ressort agencé pour rappeler l'obturateur vers la position de dérivation.The thermostatic valve advantageously comprises a spring arranged to return the shutter towards the bypass position.

Le corps du refroidisseur comprend avantageusement une multiplicité de plaques courantes disposées en pile et entre lesquelles sont délimités les premiers canaux et les seconds canaux. On réalise ainsi un échangeur à plaques.The body of the cooler advantageously comprises a multiplicity of common plates arranged in a stack and between which are defined the first channels and the second channels. This produces a plate heat exchanger.

Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse, la pile de plaques courantes est encadrée à une extrémité par une embase dans laquelle débouchent l'entrée et la sortie du fluide à refroidir et, à une extrémité opposée, par un couvercle contribuant à délimiter le canal de dérivation et dans lequel débouchent l'entrée et la sortie du fluide de refroidissement.In an advantageous embodiment, the stack of current plates is framed at one end by a base into which the inlet and the outlet of the fluid to be cooled open, and at an opposite end by a cover contributing to delimit the bypass channel. and into which the inlet and the outlet of the cooling fluid.

L'échangeur de chaleur du module de refroidissement est avantageusement un refroidisseur d'huile.The heat exchanger of the cooling module is advantageously an oil cooler.

La vanne de commande est, de préférence, logée au moins en partie dans le corps de l'échangeur de chaleur.The control valve is preferably housed at least partly in the body of the heat exchanger.

Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le canal de dérivation est réalisé dans le corps de l'échangeur de chaleur.In one embodiment of the invention, the bypass channel is formed in the body of the heat exchanger.

Le module de refroidissement de l'invention peut comporter simplement un échangeur de chaleur, en particulier un refroidisseur d'huile.The cooling module of the invention may simply comprise a heat exchanger, in particular an oil cooler.

Il peut cependant comprendre en outre un filtre à huile et/ou un boîtier. Ce boîtier est avantageusement métallique, par exemple en aluminium.It may, however, further include an oil filter and / or a housing. This housing is advantageously metallic, for example aluminum.

Dans ce cas, il est avantageux que la vanne de commande soit également logée au moins en partie dans le boîtier. Il est avantageux que le canal de dérivation soit réalisé dans le boîtier.In this case, it is advantageous that the control valve is also housed at least partly in the housing. It is advantageous that the bypass channel is made in the housing.

Dans ce dernier cas, le module peut comprendre des éléments fixes qui sont au moins obtenus directement du boîtier.In the latter case, the module may comprise fixed elements which are at least obtained directly from the housing.

La vanne de commande de l'invention peut être pilotée selon différentes lois, dont des exemples non limitatifs sont donnés ci-après.The control valve of the invention can be controlled according to various laws, of which non-limiting examples are given below.

Dans la description détaillée qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un module de refroidissement selon l'invention, comportant un refroidisseur d'huile, dont la vanne de commande est en position de dérivation ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 dans laquelle la vanne de commande est en position normale, ou position de refroidissement ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective, avec arrachement, d'un module de refroidissement comportant un refroidisseur d'huile dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale du refroidisseur d'huile de la figure 3, le plan de coupe passant par l'axe du conduit d'entrée d'huile et par l'axe du conduit de sortie d'huile ;
  • la figure 5 est un détail de la figure 3, représenté à échelle agrandie, avec un éclatement supplémentaire ;
  • la figure 6 est un détail, à échelle agrandie, de la figure 4 ;
  • La figure 7 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un module de refroidissement selon une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention, comportant un refroidisseur d'huile, la vanne de commande étant représentée en position de dérivation ; et
  • la figure 8 est une vue analogue à la figure 7 dans laquelle la vanne de commande est en position normale, ou position de refroidissement.
In the detailed description which follows, made only by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a cooling module according to the invention, comprising a oil cooler, whose control valve is in bypass position;
  • the figure 2 is a view similar to the figure 1 wherein the control valve is in the normal position, or cooling position;
  • the figure 3 is a perspective view, broken away, of a cooling module having an oil cooler in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the oil cooler of the figure 3 , the section plane passing through the axis of the oil inlet duct and the axis of the oil outlet duct;
  • the figure 5 is a detail of the figure 3 , shown on an enlarged scale, with an additional burst;
  • the figure 6 is a detail, on an enlarged scale, of the figure 4 ;
  • The figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a cooling module according to another embodiment of the invention, comprising an oil cooler, the control valve being shown in the bypass position; and
  • the figure 8 is a view similar to the figure 7 in which the control valve is in normal position, or cooling position.

On se réfère d'abord à la figure 1 qui représente schématiquement un module de refroidissement selon l'invention qui, dans l'exemple, comprend un échangeur de chaleur 10 réalisé sous la forme d'un refroidisseur d'huile. Ce refroidisseur 10 comprend un corps 12, non représenté en détail, délimitant des premiers canaux 14 pour l'écoulement d'une huile à refroidir et des seconds canaux d'écoulement 16 pour un fluide de refroidissement, les premiers canaux et les seconds canaux étant disposés en alternance. Un tel refroidisseur peut être utilisé notamment pour le refroidissement de l'huile du moteur et/ou de la boîte de vitesses d'un véhicule automobile.We first refer to the figure 1 which schematically represents a cooling module according to the invention which, in the example, comprises a heat exchanger 10 made in the form of an oil cooler. This cooler 10 comprises a body 12, not shown in detail, delimiting first channels 14 for the flow of an oil to be cooled and second flow channels 16 for a cooling fluid, the first channels and the second channels being arranged alternately. Such a cooler can be used in particular for cooling the engine oil and / or the gearbox of a motor vehicle.

Les premiers canaux et les seconds canaux sont délimités par un empilement de plaques courantes 13 (représentées schématiquement). Le corps 12 comporte une face d'extrémité (ici en partie inférieure) qui repose sur une embase 20 servant à la fixation du refroidisseur, par exemple sur le bloc moteur du véhicule. Le corps 12 comporte une autre face d'extrémité opposée 22 qui reçoit un couvercle 24 qui contribue à délimiter, avec la face d'extrémité 22, un canal de dérivation 26 pour la circulation de l'huile.The first and second channels are delimited by a stack of current plates 13 (shown schematically). The body 12 has an end face (here at the bottom) which rests on a base 20 for fixing the cooler, for example on the engine block of the vehicle. The body 12 has another opposite end face 22 which receives a cover 24 which contributes to defining, with the end face 22, a bypass channel 26 for the circulation of the oil.

Le refroidisseur d'huile comprend en outre un conduit d'entrée d'huile 28 qui communique avec les premiers canaux 14 pour les alimenter en huile et un conduit de sortie d'huile 30 qui communique également avec les premiers canaux 14 pour évacuer l'huile à l'extérieur. Les conduits 28 et 30 sont réalisés sous la forme de conduits cylindriques d'axes parallèles qui traversent perpendiculairement l'ensemble des premiers canaux 14.The oil cooler further comprises an oil inlet conduit 28 which communicates with the first channels 14 for supplying oil and an oil outlet conduit 30 which also communicates with the first channels 14 to evacuate the oil. oil outside. The ducts 28 and 30 are in the form of cylindrical ducts of parallel axes which traverse perpendicularly all the first channels 14.

De leur côté, les seconds canaux 16 communiquent avec un conduit d'entrée 32 relié à une tubulure d'entrée 34 et un conduit de sortie 36 relié à une tubulure de sortie 38, les conduits 32 et 36 servant respectivement à l'entrée et à la sortie d'un fluide de refroidissement.On their side, the second channels 16 communicate with an inlet duct 32 connected to an inlet pipe 34 and an outlet pipe 36 connected to an outlet pipe 38, the ducts 32 and 36 serving respectively to the inlet and at the outlet of a cooling fluid.

L'huile pénètre dans le conduit 28 par une ouverture 40 de l'embase 20 et quitte le refroidisseur par une ouverture 42 de l'embase 20.The oil enters the conduit 28 through an opening 40 of the base 20 and leaves the cooler through an opening 42 of the base 20.

Sur la figure 1, les conduits 32 et 36 ont simplement été représentés en traits interrompus car ils se situent en dehors du plan de coupe. Ces deux conduits permettent de faire entrer et sortir le fluide de refroidissement pour qu'il échange de la chaleur avec l'huile à refroidir.On the figure 1 the ducts 32 and 36 have simply been shown in broken lines because they lie outside the section plane. These two ducts make it possible to enter and exit the cooling fluid so that it exchanges heat with the oil to be cooled.

Le canal de dérivation 26 permet d'établir une communication directe entre le conduit d'entrée d'huile 28 et le conduit de sortie d'huile 30 grâce à une vanne thermostatique 44 qui est logée directement dans le corps 12 du refroidisseur et plus particulièrement dans le conduit d'entrée d'huile 28. La vanne thermostatique 44 comprend un tube fixe 46, encore appelé tube extérieur ou tube de distribution, qui s'étend axialement à l'intérieur du conduit 28. Le tube fixe 46 comprend une extrémité ouverte 48 débouchant sur la face d'extrémité 18 et plus particulièrement dans l'ouverture 40 de l'embase 20. Il comporte en outre une extrémité opposée 50, appelée extrémité fermée, qui est fermée par un bouchon d'extrémité 52. L'extrémité fermée 50 est située du côté de la face d'extrémité 22 et elle dépasse à l'extérieur du couvercle 24.The bypass channel 26 makes it possible to establish direct communication between the oil inlet duct 28 and the oil outlet duct 30 by means of a thermostatic valve 44 which is housed directly in the body 12 of the cooler and more particularly in the oil inlet duct 28. The thermostatic valve 44 comprises a fixed tube 46, also called external tube or distribution tube, which extends axially inside the conduit 28. The fixed tube 46 comprises one end open 48 opening on the end face 18 and more particularly in the opening 40 of the base 20. It further comprises an opposite end 50, called closed end, which is closed by an end plug 52. The closed end 50 is located on the side of the end face 22 and protrudes outside the cover 24.

La vanne 44 comprend en outre un obturateur 54 réalisé sous la forme d'un tube mobile qui est monté coulissant dans le tube fixe 46. Le déplacement du tube mobile 54 par rapport au tube fixe 46 est contrôlé par un élément thermosensible 56 interposé entre le tube fixe 46 et le tube mobile 54.The valve 44 further comprises a shutter 54 made in the form of a movable tube which is slidably mounted in the fixed tube 46. The displacement of the movable tube 54 with respect to the fixed tube 46 is controlled by a thermosensitive element 56 interposed between the fixed tube 46 and the movable tube 54.

Le tube fixe 46 comporte au moins une première ouverture latérale 58 communiquant avec le canal de dérivation 26 et au moins une deuxième ouverture latérale 60 communiquant avec les premiers canaux 14. En outre, le tube mobile 54 comporte des parties ajourées constituées par au moins un premier ajour 62 propre à venir en correspondance de la première ouverture 58 dans la position de la figure 1 et au moins un deuxième ajour 64 propre à venir en correspondance de la deuxième ouverture 60 dans la position de la figure 2.The fixed tube 46 comprises at least a first lateral opening 58 communicating with the bypass channel 26 and at least a second lateral opening 60 communicating with the first channels 14. In addition, the movable tube 54 comprises perforated portions constituted by at least one first clean opening 62 to come in correspondence of the first opening 58 in the position of the figure 1 and at least one second opening 64 adapted to come in correspondence of the second opening 60 in the position of the figure 2 .

Dans la position de la figure 1, dite "position de dérivation", l'ajour 62 est aligné avec l'ouverture 58, tandis que l'ajour 64 est décalé par rapport à l'ouverture 60. Il en résulte que l'huile qui pénètre dans le corps 12 du refroidisseur d'huile peut passer uniquement par le canal de dérivation 26 pour gagner directement le conduit de sortie d'huile 30 comme montré par les flèches.In the position of the figure 1 , said "bypass position", the opening 62 is aligned with the opening 58, while the opening 64 is offset relative to the opening 60. As a result, the oil that enters the body 12 of the The oil cooler can pass only through the bypass channel 26 to directly gain the oil outlet conduit 30 as shown by the arrows.

Au contraire, dans la position de la figure 2, l'ajour 62 est décalé par rapport à l'ouverture 58, tandis que l'ajour 64 est aligné avec l'ouverture 60. Il en résulte que l'huile qui pénètre dans le corps du refroidisseur peut passer uniquement par les canaux 14 pour gagner ensuite le conduit de sortie d'huile, sans passer par le canal de dérivation. Il s'agit d'une position normale, encore appelée position de refroidissement.On the contrary, in the position of figure 2 , the opening 62 is offset relative to the opening 58, while the opening 64 is aligned with the opening 60. As a result, the oil that enters the body of the cooler can pass only through the channels 14 to then gain the oil outlet duct, without passing through the bypass channel. This is a normal position, also called a cooling position.

Ainsi, le contrôle du passage de l'huile soit dans le canal de refroidissement 26, soit dans les premiers canaux 14, s'effectue de façon sélective par l'intermédiaire de l'élément thermosensible 56 de la vanne.Thus, the control of the passage of the oil either in the cooling channel 26, or in the first channels 14, is carried out selectively via the thermosensitive element 56 of the valve.

On se réfère maintenant aux figures 3 à 6 pour décrire plus complètement un refroidisseur d'huile selon une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention.We now refer to Figures 3 to 6 to more fully describe an oil cooler according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Comme on peut le voir sur l'ensemble des figures 3 à 6, les canaux 14 et les canaux 16 sont délimités par un ensemble de plaques 66 empilées qui présentent un rebord périphérique relevé 68, les différents rebords des plaques étant brasés mutuellement pour assurer l'étanchéité.As can be seen from all Figures 3 to 6 , the channels 14 and the channels 16 are delimited by a set of stacked plates 66 having a raised peripheral rim 68, the different flanges of the plates being brazed to each other for sealing.

Le couvercle 24 comporte un rebord périphérique 70, de conformation analogue, qui vient s'adapter sur le rebord périphérique 68 de la plaque 66 située en haut de la pile. Le couvercle 24 comporte une nervure 72 qui contribue à délimiter le canal de dérivation 26. De plus, le couvercle 24 comporte deux embouts 74 et 76 qui reçoivent respectivement la tubulure d'entrée 34 et la tubulure de sortie 38 pour le fluide de refroidissement.The cover 24 has a peripheral rim 70, of similar conformation, which fits on the peripheral rim 68 of the plate 66 located at the top of the stack. The cover 24 has a rib 72 which contributes to defining the bypass channel 26. In addition, the cover 24 comprises two end pieces 74 and 76 which respectively receive the inlet pipe 34 and the outlet pipe 38 for the cooling fluid.

Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 3 à 6, le tube fixe 46 comporte une paire d'ouvertures 58, chacune de forme sensiblement semi-circulaire, et quatre paires d'ouvertures 60, également chacune de forme semi-circulaire. De manière correspondante, le tube mobile 54 comporte une paire d'ajours 62, chacun de forme semi-circulaire, et quatre paires d'ajours 64, chacun de forme semi-circulaire. Bien entendu, il est possible de prévoir un nombre différent d'ouvertures et d'ajours, et de leur donner également des formes différentes, qui ne sont pas obligatoirement sensiblement semi-circulaires.As can be seen on the Figures 3 to 6 , the fixed tube 46 comprises a pair of openings 58, each of substantially semicircular shape, and four pairs of openings 60, also each of semicircular shape. Correspondingly, the movable tube 54 comprises a pair of openings 62, each of semicircular shape, and four pairs of openings 64, each of semicircular shape. Of course, it is possible to provide a different number of openings and openings, and also to give them different shapes, which are not necessarily substantially semicircular.

L'élément thermosensible 56 comprend un boîtier 78 renfermant une matière dilatable sous l'action de la chaleur, par exemple du type cire d'abeille. Cet élément thermosensible est soumis directement à la température de l'huile qui entre dans le corps du refroidisseur. Plus la température de l'huile est élevée, plus l'élément thermosensible et plus la matière qu'il contient se dilatent. La dilatation de la matière provoque le déplacement d'une tige 80 dont une extrémité est encastrée dans un trou borgne 82 aménagé dans le bouchon 52, celui-ci étant réalisé sous la forme d'un écrou à six pans qui est vissé à l'extrémité du tube fixe 46.The thermosensitive element 56 comprises a housing 78 enclosing a material expandable under the action of heat, for example of the beeswax type. This thermosensitive element is subjected directly to the temperature of the oil that enters the body of the cooler. The higher the temperature of the oil, the more the thermosensitive element and the material it contains expand. The expansion of the material causes the displacement of a rod 80, one end of which is embedded in a blind hole 82 formed in the plug 52, the latter being made in the form of a hexagonal nut which is screwed to the end of the fixed tube 46.

Cet écrou à six pans comporte un filetage 84 qui coopère avec un taraudage 86 d'une bague 88 qui traverse le couvercle 24 et qui fait partie intégrante du tube fixe 46. Une rondelle d'étanchéité 90 est placée entre le bouchon et la bague. Le boîtier 78 qui renferme la matière dilatable est solidaire du tube mobile 54 par l'intermédiaire d'une rondelle ajourée 92. En outre, un ressort de rappel 94, ici un ressort hélicoïdal, est logé axialement à l'intérieur du tube mobile 54. Une extrémité du ressort prend appui contre la rondelle ajourée 92, tandis qu'une autre extrémité prend appui sur un épaulement 96 aménagé dans l'embase 20 (figure 6). Ce ressort tend à solliciter la vanne thermostatique vers la position de dérivation, tandis que la dilatation de la matière de l'élément thermosensible tend, au contraire, à déplacer la vanne thermostatique vers sa position normale de refroidissement.This hexagonal nut has a thread 84 which cooperates with a tapping 86 of a ring 88 which passes through the cover 24 and which is an integral part of the fixed tube 46. A sealing washer 90 is placed between the plug and the ring. The housing 78 which encloses the expandable material is secured to the movable tube 54 by means of a perforated washer 92. In addition, a return spring 94, here a helical spring, is housed axially inside the movable tube 54 One end of the spring bears against the perforated washer 92, while another end bears on a shoulder 96 formed in the base 20 ( figure 6 ). This spring tends to solicit the thermostatic valve to the bypass position, while the expansion of the material of the thermosensitive element tends, on the contrary, to move the thermostatic valve to its normal cooling position.

Une loi permise par l'invention est de faire passer l'huile dans les canaux (le canal de dérivation étant fermé) à la fois pour des basses températures et des hautes températures. En ce cas, aux faibles températures le refroidisseur est utilisé comme réchauffeur d'huile et comme refroidisseur d'huile à des hautes températures. En ce cas aussi, l'huile est dérivée du refroidisseur à des températures intermédiaires.A law allowed by the invention is to pass the oil through the channels (the bypass channel being closed) for both low temperatures and high temperatures. In this case, at low temperatures the cooler is used as an oil heater and as an oil cooler at high temperatures. In this case too, the oil is derived from the cooler at intermediate temperatures.

Une autre loi permise par l'invention est de faire passer l'huile à la fois dans les canaux et dans le canal de dérivation (le canal de dérivation étant ouvert) pour des basses températures, seulement dans le canal de dérivation pour des températures intermédiaires et seulement dans les canaux pour des hautes températures. En ce cas, aux faibles températures, les pertes de charge dans l'échangeur dues à la forte viscosité de l'huile sont réduites au minimum, permettant alors d'éviter l'usage d'un clapet de décharge comme c'est le cas dans la technique antérieure.Another law allowed by the invention is to pass the oil through both the channels and the bypass channel (the bypass channel being open) for low temperatures, only in the bypass channel for intermediate temperatures. and only in the channels for high temperatures. In this case, at low temperatures, the pressure drops in the exchanger due to the high viscosity of the oil are reduced to a minimum, thus making it possible to avoid the use of a discharge valve as is the case in the prior art.

En ce cas aussi, l'huile est dérivée du refroidisseur pour des températures intermédiaires (pas de refroidissement nécessaire). En ce cas enfin, l'huile traverse l'échangeur pour des hautes températures (refroidissement de l'huile nécessaire).In this case too, the oil is derived from the cooler for intermediate temperatures (no cooling required). In this case, finally, the oil passes through the exchanger for high temperatures (cooling of the necessary oil).

On se réfère maintenant aux figures 7 et 8 qui montrent un module de refroidissement 100 qui incorpore un échangeur de chaleur 10 (ici un refroidisseur d'huile) ainsi qu'un boîtier 102 et un filtre à huile 104. L'échangeur de chaleur 10 est analogue à ceux représentés précédemment. Il comprend un ensemble de plaques délimitant de premiers canaux d'écoulement pour une huile à refroidir et des seconds canaux d'écoulement pour un fluide de refroidissement. Ces seconds canaux communiquent avec une entrée 32 et une sortie 36 pour le fluide de refroidissement. L'entrée 32 et la sortie 36 sont placées à une extrémité du corps 12 de l'échangeur de chaleur. A l'autre extrémité du corps 12 sont disposés à la fois le boîtier 102 et le filtre à huile 104.We now refer to Figures 7 and 8 which show a cooling module 100 which incorporates a heat exchanger 10 (here an oil cooler) and a housing 102 and an oil filter 104. The heat exchanger 10 is similar to those shown above. It comprises a set of plates delimiting first flow channels for an oil to be cooled and second flow channels for a cooling fluid. These second channels communicate with an inlet 32 and an outlet 36 for the cooling fluid. The inlet 32 and the outlet 36 are placed at one end of the body 12 of the heat exchanger. At the other end of the body 12 are arranged both the housing 102 and the oil filter 104.

Le boîtier 102 est un boîtier métallique, réalisé par exemple en aluminium. La vanne de commande 44 est logée au moins en partie dans le boîtier 102. Elle comprend un organe thermostatique 56 interposé entre un bouchon 52 et un obturateur 54 réalisé sous la forme d'un tube monté coulissant à l'intérieur d'un tube fixe 46, comme dans les formes de réalisations précédentes.The housing 102 is a metal housing, made for example of aluminum. The control valve 44 is housed at least partly in the housing 102. It comprises a thermostatic member 56 interposed between a plug 52 and a shutter 54 made in the form of a tube slidably mounted inside a fixed tube 46, as in the previous embodiments.

Ce tube fixe 56 incorpore une partie de l'embase 50 de l'échangeur de chaleur 10, cette embase comprenant une ouverture latérale 60 communiquant avec les canaux d'écoulement de l'huile à refroidir.This fixed tube 56 incorporates a portion of the base 50 of the heat exchanger 10, this base comprising a lateral opening 60 communicating with the flow channels of the oil to be cooled.

Du côté opposé, le tube fixe 46 comprend une ouverture latérale 58 communiquant avec un canal de dérivation 26, également formé dans le boîtier 102.On the opposite side, the fixed tube 46 comprises a lateral opening 58 communicating with a bypass channel 26, also formed in the housing 102.

Ainsi, tout ou partie des éléments fixes du module de refroidissement, à savoir l'embase 20 de l'échangeur de chaleur, le canal de dérivation 26, le tube fixe 46 et le bouchon 52 de la vanne thermostatique sont obtenus directement du boîtier, ce qui simplifie la fabrication.Thus, all or part of the fixed elements of the cooling module, namely the base 20 of the heat exchanger, the bypass channel 26, the fixed tube 46 and the plug 52 of the thermostatic valve are obtained directly from the housing, which simplifies the manufacture.

Le boîtier 102 délimite une entrée 28 pour l'huile à refroidir et une sortie 30 pour l'huile refroidie. Le filtre à huile 104 est propre à être traversé par l'huile refroidie. Il est disposé à côté du boîtier 102 et il comporte une entrée 106 communiquant avec les canaux de l'échangeur de chaleur dans lesquels circule l'huile et une sortie 108 qui communique avec le canal de dérivation 26.The housing 102 defines an inlet 28 for the oil to be cooled and an outlet 30 for the cooled oil. The oil filter 104 is adapted to be traversed by the cooled oil. It is disposed adjacent to the housing 102 and has an inlet 106 communicating with the channels of the heat exchanger in which the oil flows and an outlet 108 which communicates with the bypass channel 26.

Dans la position de la figure 7, dite "position de dérivation", l'ouverture latérale 58 est ouverte, tandis que l'ouverture latérale 60 est fermée. Il en résulte que l'huile pénètre dans le corps 102 par l'entrée 28, passe par l'ouverture 58 pour gagner le canal 26 et quitte le module par la sortie 30 sans être refroidie.In the position of the figure 7 called "bypass position", the lateral opening 58 is open, while the lateral opening 60 is closed. As a result, the oil enters the body 102 through the inlet 28, passes through the opening 58 to gain the channel 26 and leaves the module through the outlet 30 without being cooled.

Dans la position de la figure 8, dite "position normale", l'ouverture latérale 60 est ouverte, tandis que l'ouverture latérale 58 est fermée. Il en résulte que l'huile à refroidir pénètre dans le corps 102 par l'entrée 28, passe ensuite dans l'échangeur de chaleur 10 par l'ouverture 60 où elle est refroidie par échangeur thermique avec le fluide de refroidissement. Ensuite, l'huile refroidie quitte l'échangeur de chaleur 10 pour pénétrer dans le filtre à huile 104 où elle se trouve filtrée. L'huile filtrée quitte ensuite le filtre à huile par la sortie 108 pour gagner le canal de dérivation 26 puis la sortie 30.In the position of the figure 8 , called "normal position", the lateral opening 60 is open, while the lateral opening 58 is closed. As a result, the oil to be cooled enters the body 102 through the inlet 28, then passes into the heat exchanger 10 through the opening 60 where it is cooled by heat exchanger with the cooling fluid. Then, the cooled oil leaves the heat exchanger 10 to enter the oil filter 104 where it is filtered. The filtered oil then leaves the oil filter through exit 108 to gain bypass channel 26 and exit 30.

Il en résulte que l'huile est d'abord refroidie puis filtrée avant de quitter le module de refroidissement.As a result, the oil is first cooled and then filtered before leaving the cooling module.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites précédemment à titre d'exemple et s'étend à d'autres variantes.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above by way of example and extends to other variants.

Ainsi, le canal de dérivation pourrait être réalisé également du côté opposé de l'échangeur de chaleur, c'est-à-dire du côté de l'embase.Thus, the bypass channel could be made also on the opposite side of the heat exchanger, that is to say on the side of the base.

Les ouvertures aménagées dans le tube fixe et les ajours aménagés dans le tube mobile peuvent être des fentes horizontales, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaires à l'axe de coulissement, comme décrit précédemment. Il peut aussi s'agir de fentes inclinées, ce qui permet d'améliorer l'écoulement de l'huile vers les canaux de circulation d'huile, ou de fentes ayant des formes plus complexes pour assurer une ouverture progressive des passages d'huile.The openings in the fixed tube and the openings in the movable tube may be horizontal slots, that is to say perpendicular to the sliding axis, as described above. It can also be inclined slits, which improves the flow of oil to the oil circulation channels, or slits with more complex shapes to ensure a gradual opening of the oil passages .

Il est envisageable par ailleurs de modifier la vanne thermostatique en utilisant, par exemple, un élément chauffant électrique agissant sur l'élément thermosensible. Ceci peut être utilisé, par exemple, pour forcer l'huile dans l'échangeur lorsque le fluide de refroidissement est suffisamment chaud.It is also possible to modify the thermostatic valve using, for example, an electric heating element acting on the thermosensitive element. This can be used, for example, to force oil into the exchanger when the coolant is hot enough.

En outre, l'invention n'est pas limitée à un échangeur du type à plaques et peut s'appliquer à d'autres types d'échangeurs définissant des canaux de circulation pouvant avoir des formes différentes, y compris des canaux en U.In addition, the invention is not limited to a plate-type exchanger and can be applied to other types of exchangers defining circulation channels that can have different shapes, including U-shaped channels.

Par ailleurs, la vanne de commande 44 peut être pilotée selon différentes lois définies.Furthermore, the control valve 44 can be controlled according to different defined laws.

En outre, bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence au refroidissement d'huile, elle peut s'appliquer au refroidissement d'autres fluides dans un véhicule automobile.In addition, although the invention has been described with reference to oil cooling, it can be applied to the cooling of other fluids in a motor vehicle.

Claims (21)

  1. Cooling module, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one heat exchanger (10) that has a body (12) delimiting first flow channels (14) for a fluid to be cooled, which alternate with second flow channels (16) for a coolant, an inlet (28) and an outlet (30) for the fluid to be cooled which communicate with the first channels (14), and an inlet (32) and an outlet (36) for the coolant which communicate with the second channels (16), said module also comprising a bypass channel (26), establishing a direct connection between the inlet (28) and the outlet (30) for the fluid to be cooled, and at least partly housing a control valve (44) that can be moved between a bypass position in which the fluid to be cooled passes into the bypass channel (26) without flowing into the first channels (14) when the temperature of the fluid to be cooled is within a given temperature range, and a normal position in which the fluid to be cooled flows into the first channels (14) without passing through the bypass channel (26) when the temperature of the fluid to be cooled is within another temperature range, the control valve (44) being driven either according to a defined law enabling the fluid to be cooled to pass:
    - only into the first channels (14) for low temperatures,
    - both into the first channels (14) and into the bypass channel (26) for intermediate temperatures, and
    - only into the first channels (14) for high temperatures,
    or according to a defined law enabling the fluid to be cooled to pass:
    - both into the first channels (14) and into the bypass channel (26) for low temperatures,
    - only into the bypass channel (26) for intermediate temperatures, and
    - only into the first channels (14) for high temperatures.
  2. Cooling module according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control valve is a thermostatic valve (44).
  3. Cooling module according to Claim 2, characterized in that the thermostatic valve (44) includes a heat-sensitive member (56) and a shutter (54) that can be moved under the action of the heat-sensitive member.
  4. Cooling module according to Claim 3, characterized in that the thermostatic valve (44) comprises a fixed tube (46) housed in the inlet (28) for the fluid to be cooled and having at least one first lateral opening (58) communicating with the bypass channel (26) and at least one second lateral opening (60) communicating with the first channels (14), in that the shutter (54) is made in the form of a mobile tube, mounted to slide in the fixed tube (46) and arranged to control the lateral openings (58, 60) of the fixed tube, and in that the heat-sensitive element (56) is interposed between the fixed tube (46) and the mobile tube (54).
  5. Cooling module according to Claim 4, characterized in that the mobile tube (54) includes openwork parts (62, 64) provided to open the first lateral opening (58) and simultaneously close the second lateral opening (60) when the shutter is in the bypass position and, conversely, close the first lateral opening (58) and simultaneously open the second lateral opening (60) when the shutter is in the normal position.
  6. Cooling module according to one of Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the fixed tube (46) has an open end (48) opening onto an end face (18) of the body (12) of the heat exchanger (10) and through which the fluid to be cooled penetrates, and a closed end (50) situated on an opposite end face (22) of the body (12) of the heat exchanger (10), and in that the bypass channel (26) extends alongside this opposite end face (22).
  7. Cooling module according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the thermostatic valve (44) is interposed between a closed end (50, 52) of the fixed tube (46) and an openwork washer (92) mounted inside the mobile tube (54).
  8. Cooling module according to one of Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the closed end (50) of the fixed tube is produced in the form of a plug (52) screwed into a tapping (86) in the fixed tube.
  9. Cooling module according to one of Claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the heat-sensitive element (56) comprises a casing (78) containing an expandable material and acting on a mobile rod (80).
  10. Cooling module according to Claims 8 and 9, taken in combination, characterized in that the casing (78) of the heat-sensitive element is attached to the openwork washer (92), whereas the mobile rod (80) is attached to the closed end of the fixed tube.
  11. Cooling module according to one of Claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the thermostatic valve (44) includes a spring (94) arranged to return the shutter (54) to the bypass position.
  12. Cooling module according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the body (12) of the heat exchanger comprises a multiplicity of standard plates (13; 66) arranged in a stack and between which are delimited the first channels (14) and the second channels (16).
  13. Cooling module according to Claim 12, characterized in that the stack of standard plates (13; 66) is framed, at one end, by a base (18) into which open the inlet (28) and the outlet (30) for the fluid to be cooled and, at an opposite end, by a cover (24) helping to delimit the bypass channel (26) and into which open the inlet (32) and the outlet (36) for the coolant.
  14. Cooling module according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the heat exchanger (10) is an oil cooler.
  15. Cooling module according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the control valve (44) is at least partly housed in the body (12) of the heat exchanger (10).
  16. Cooling module according to Claim 15, characterized in that the bypass channel (26) is produced in the body (12) of the heat exchanger (10).
  17. Cooling module according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it also comprises an oil filter (104) and/or a casing (102).
  18. Cooling module according to Claim 17, characterized in that the casing (102) is metal, for example made of aluminium.
  19. Cooling module according to one of Claims 17 and 18, characterized in that the control valve (44) is at least partly housed in the casing (102).
  20. Cooling module according to one of Claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the bypass channel (26) is produced in the casing (102).
  21. Cooling module according to one of Claims 17 to 20, characterized in that it includes fixed elements (20, 26, 46, 52) which are at least partly obtained directly from the casing (102).
EP04742474A 2003-04-09 2004-04-09 Cooling module with by-pass, in particular for a motor vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP1611320B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0304413A FR2853725B1 (en) 2003-04-09 2003-04-09 COOLING MODULE WITH DERIVATION, IN PARTICULAR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE
PCT/FR2004/000889 WO2004092552A2 (en) 2003-04-09 2004-04-09 Cooling module with by-pass, in particular for a motor vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1611320A2 EP1611320A2 (en) 2006-01-04
EP1611320B1 true EP1611320B1 (en) 2010-12-15

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EP04742474A Expired - Lifetime EP1611320B1 (en) 2003-04-09 2004-04-09 Cooling module with by-pass, in particular for a motor vehicle

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EP (1) EP1611320B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE491869T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004030547D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2357952T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2853725B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004092552A2 (en)

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US9029607B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2015-05-12 Alphora Research Inc. Protected aldehydes for use as intermediates in chemical syntheses, and processes for their preparation
US9550716B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2017-01-24 Eon Labs, Inc. Process for treprostinil salt preparation
US10890389B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2021-01-12 Dana Canada Corporation Heat exchanger assemblies with integrated valve
US10989481B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2021-04-27 Modine Manufacturing Company Heat exchanger and heat exchange system

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US9029607B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2015-05-12 Alphora Research Inc. Protected aldehydes for use as intermediates in chemical syntheses, and processes for their preparation
US9550716B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2017-01-24 Eon Labs, Inc. Process for treprostinil salt preparation
WO2013091108A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Dana Canada Corporation Heat exchanger with integrated thermal bypass valve
US9982956B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2018-05-29 Dana Canada Corporation Heat exchanger with integrated thermal bypass valve
US10890389B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2021-01-12 Dana Canada Corporation Heat exchanger assemblies with integrated valve
US10989481B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2021-04-27 Modine Manufacturing Company Heat exchanger and heat exchange system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1611320A2 (en) 2006-01-04
FR2853725A1 (en) 2004-10-15
DE602004030547D1 (en) 2011-01-27
ES2357952T3 (en) 2011-05-04
WO2004092552A3 (en) 2005-10-13
WO2004092552A2 (en) 2004-10-28
ATE491869T1 (en) 2011-01-15
FR2853725B1 (en) 2017-06-09

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