EP1610639B1 - Unfoldable and foldable or fixed protective canopy structure - Google Patents

Abstract

An umbrella has a shaft anchorable in or on the ground or in the air by an anchor and defining an axis and a canopy movable between an unfolded open position in which it is wavy and a folded position inclined to the axis, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane or fabric, formed of a whole number of polygonal sections with outer corners defining alternating high points and low points, traversed at a center by the shaft, centrally axially slidable along the shaft or centrally fixed on the shaft, and having an outer edge. An array of rods extending radially from and pivoted on the shaft extend in the open unfolded position from the shaft to the corners. These rods are wholly above the canopy and do not pass through the canopy.

Description

The invention relates to collapsible and umbrella structures that can be used to protect against weather such as sun and / or rain, with any resulting rainwater due to the shape of the sail area is discharged to the outside

Umbrellas are known, the sail area have the shape of a pointed tent with up or down directed tip, the sail area, as in so-called funnel shades, can also be curved in two opposite directions.

Mostly known are umbrellas that discharge accumulating rainwater to the outside. It should be noted, however, that the arms of these screens spanning the sail surface are never completely above the sail surface, but rather are located wholly or partially below the sail surface. The arms of these umbrellas are usually held on a stick and spread by diagonals. They are also often burdened on bending.

Less well-known are umbrellas that remove accumulating rainwater inwards over the stem. Here are design variants with above and / or below arms spread.

Also known by the patent DE 199 19 142 a screen with a sail area, which has high and low points and is spanned by above and below the sail area lying arms.

A particular disadvantage here is that the screen due to the basic geometry has a large height, the individual points of articulation of the arms are at different heights and the screen therefore can not be compact, at low altitude, collapsed. In addition, the structural elements lying under the sail surface impede use close to the ground, with the result that the sail area in the clamped state is very high above the ground and therefore protection from weather influences is scarcely possible. The mechanics with pulleys and in the mast to a winch guided ropes is prone to damage and complicated. In addition, the sail area has a central opening, which has an adverse effect in the rain.

The invention is based on the problem of creating a foldable and collapsible, possibly accumulating rainwater to the outside laxative screen construction whose spanned sail area in the bottom view has an undisturbed appearance.

This problem is solved with the features listed in claim 1 protection that the arms spanning the sail surface exclusively above the sail area and not penetrate the sail area, solved (Fig. 1).

With the invention, it is achieved that the elegance of the sail area from the point of view of the people staying below it in the case of umbrellas so far unknown extent comes to advantage, and that the bottom view thus in an extraordinary manner, for example. is suitable for printing and projections of any kind, in particular advertising prints and advertising projections.

It is also possible, for example, to apply the principles formulated in the claims to large umbrellas having a footprint of, for example, more than 100 m ² , to cafe umbrellas, to small umbrellas for private use and even to umbrellas.

• 2 bis 12 vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsvarianten der Segelflächen in ihrer räumlichen Formgebung,
• 13 bis 18 vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsvarianten der Arme und der Öffnungs- und Schließ-Mechanismen beschreiben.

It is in the claims

• 2 to 12 advantageous design variants of the sail surfaces in their spatial shape,
• Describe 13 to 18 advantageous embodiments of the arms and the opening and closing mechanisms.

An embodiment according to protection claim 2 is advantageous because the sail area assumes a wavy-curved shape elegant and light and with its 2-fold opposing curvature has a high stability against external wind influences, whereby their life is increased (Fig. 2).

An embodiment according to protection claim 3 is advantageous because the sail area assumes a wavy-curved shape, elegant and light acts and with its 2-fold opposing curvature has a high stability against external wind influences, whereby their life is increased (Fig. 3).

An embodiment according to protection claim 4 is advantageous because the sail area alternately upwards curved and bent down shape, through the lines of the deep arms is striking and with their leadership on the low arms and their 2-fold opposing curvature in the fields has a high stability against wind influences (Fig. 4).

An embodiment of protection claim 5 is advantageous because the sail area takes an alternately bent up and down curved shape, cut through the lines of the arms, dissolved in segments acts and with their leadership on the high arms and their 2-fold opposing curvature in the fields high stability against external wind influences has (Figure 5).

An embodiment according to protection claim 6 is advantageous because the sail area takes an alternately up and down kinked shape by their folds similar to a wind turbine extremely dynamic and can be made of material without special static properties (Fig. 6).

An embodiment according to protection claim 7 is advantageous because the sail surface occupies a conical shape, particularly simple and simple acts and discharges rainwater occurring evenly to all sides (Fig. 7).

An embodiment according to protection claim 8 is advantageous because the sail area occupies a bent along the deep arms, conical shape, acts simple and restrained and can be made of Materiallen without special static properties (Fig. 8).

An embodiment according to protection claim 9 is advantageous because the sail area assumes a wavy-curved shape, as a result of their accented edges succinctly without losing elegance and with their edge guide and 2-fold opposing curvature particularly high stability against external wind influences has (Fig. 9).

An embodiment of protection claim 10 is advantageous because the sail area assumes a wavy curved shape, has no sailing corners, due to its curved edge exceptionally elegant and almost floating effect, so it is suitable for installation as a freestanding sculpture and with its edge guide and 2-fold opposing curvature has a particularly high stability against external wind influences (Fig. 10).

An embodiment according to protection claim 11 is advantageous because the sail area preferably appears as a wind turbine and thus the ease of construction is underlined (Fig. 11).

An embodiment according to protection claim 12 is advantageous because the sail surface is striking, dimensionally stable and is statically relieved by the sewn straps or sewn tension cables (Fig. 12).

An embodiment according to protection claim 13 is advantageous because the screen looks more elegant by using the static properties of the sail area and manages with less constructive components (Fig. 13).

An embodiment according to protection claim 14 is advantageous because the screen can be opened particularly easily due to the shutdown of the articulated attachment and the associated lower lifting height of the arms, as a result of the startup of the articulated mounting of all arms less space needed for closing, so that for example below standing tables do not hinder the closing of the screen (Fig. 14).

An embodiment according to protection claim 15 is advantageous because the screen has a low height when using Druckdiegonalen and because above the node of the arms no stem is required (Fig. 15).

An embodiment according to protection claim 16 is advantageous because the screen no complicated technique for moving the canopy or a sleeve needed (Fig. 16).

An embodiment according to protection claim 17 is advantageous because in particular umbrellas with high arms (31) and low arms are completely zusammenfaltber (Fig. 17).

An embodiment according to protection claim 18 is advantageous because the screen in the folded state throws no major folds and thus possibly accumulating rainwater runs better (Fig. 18).

The screens can describe any geometric shapes in their supervision (FIG. 19). In particular, shapes are possible in which the Segeleckpunkte are evenly distributed in the Schirmaufsicht on a circle or an ellipse, so that the sail area between each 2 Segeleckpunkten and the Segelachspunkt is preferably divided into segments with the same surface measure. Also, shapes are possible where 4 + 4n sail corner points describe a square or a rhombus or where 4 + 2n sail corner points describe a rectangle. As special forms circular umbrellas with off-center Segelachspunkt or semicircular umbrellas are possible.

All arms of the umbrella are basically arranged radially around the umbrella axis. All or more arms show in the clamped state of the screen down, the end point and the associated Segeleckpunkt least one arm is below the Segelachspunktes. This is advantageous because any accumulating rainwater can be discharged to the outside.

In particular, in embodiments with a conical sail area, the longitudinal axes of the arms intersect the umbrella axis in a common point. Your endpoints are coplanar in these variants.

In the unfolded state of the umbrella, the longitudinal axes of the high arms can also meet at a different height in the region of the umbrella axis than the longitudinal axes of the deep arms (FIG. 20). Due to the additional degree of freedom, the screen has a variety of possibilities for clamping. The screen is structurally more interesting.

Several or all arms of the umbrella may be secured by cables tensioned between the end points and the stem by diagonals which absorb compressive or tensile forces and are preferably articulated between the arms and the stem, or by static properties of the sail surface or its companion ones Elements are kept up in their required for the clamped screen position and / or clamped down (Fig. 21).

The arms of the umbrellas can be made straight and curved. Depending on the design variant, the arms are predominantly subjected to pressure or bending. The arms can be bent or elastically manufactured become. By varying the properties of the arms, it is possible to optimally match the static system to the desired appearance of the respective Schirmvrariante.

The arms of the screens may have a keder profile in which the sail surface is guided (Fig. 22).

The sail surface can be additionally clamped by attachment of the sailing axle on a stick or on a sleeve, wherein the shape of the sail area can be influenced by the altitude of the Segelachspunktes on the stem or the sleeve. By raising the Segelachspunktes the sail area is better drained by fixing the Segelachspunktes, the sail area has a higher stability against external wind influences. By detachment of the sail area of the umbrella axis, however, the sail area in their natural form visibly frel and also requires no elaborate Befestigungsdetalls at Segelachspunkt. For this purpose, the sail area can be cut at the sailing point or, if the stem ends above the sail area, not be cut out. Without the piercing point of the stem, the sail surface is particularly elegant, and is also suitable in the middle for the printing of advertising.

The sail edge can form a curve in the Schirmaufsicht, so that the sail surface (10) in reinforced version along its sail edge is tensioned.

The screens are preferably opened and closed by means of a threaded spindle which is operated with a crank and bevel gearbox connected in between (FIG. 23). In a simplified version, it is possible to open the umbrellas by means of pulling lines and close. The opening and closing operation can be further mechanically supported by a hydraulic motor or a gas spring. The mechanical design is advantageous because the screen in combination with a wind detector automatically closes in strong wind and thus can be dimensioned slimmer.

The opening mechanism can be additionally favored by outriggers. These spacers ensure that in the collapsed condition of the umbrella there is a minimum opening angle between the arms and the ropes or diagonals in order to be able to introduce into the arms the orthogonal force component necessary to open the umbrella. Depending on the opening mechanism, the arms or the cables required to open the arms (FIG. 24) or diagonals are fastened to the arms.

The stem, which denotes that part of the mast to which all the static elements required for mounting the umbrella are directly or indirectly fixed, is held by a supporting structure or by a hanging structure. The support structure is preferably formed as a mast. The suspended structure, which is also known as Ampelschirm, reaches over the sail area and holds the screen from above. It is advantageous to insert a joint between the handle and the support structure in order to be able to tilt the handle and thus the sail surface with the position of the sun.

The clamped sail area can additionally be tensioned by clamping elements. Such clamping elements, which are inserted between the sail corners and the end points of the arms, also allow to mount a sail area in the already folded arms of the screen.

In particular, square, rectangular or diamond-shaped umbrellas, which have at their corners on low points (35) and at their edges exclusively on high points (34) can be assembled into rows, with accumulating rainwater is discharged to the outside. Each 4 square or diamond-shaped, each with over 2 high arms and 2 deep arms operating umbrellas can be put together in a rectangle to a group the umbrellas meet each with a high arm (31) in the middle of the group, with accumulating rainwater is discharged to the outside.

Description of the figures

• Figur 1 den Hauptanspruch des Patents:

  Fig. 1

  einen Schirm mit ausschließlich oberhalb der Segelfläche (10) liegenden Armen (30) in isometrischer Darstellung

• Figuren 2 bis 12 vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsvarianten der Segelflächen in ihrer Formgebung:

  Fig. 3

  eine wellenförmig geschwungene Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (b) isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig.4

  eine abwechselnd geschwungen und geknickte Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (b) isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 5

  eine abwechselnd geknickte und geschwungene Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (b) isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 6

  eine abwechselnd nach oben und nach unten geknickte Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (b) isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 7

  eine kegelförmige Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (b) isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 8

  eine entlang der Tiefarme geknickte, kegelförmige Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (b) isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 9

  eine wellenförmig geschwungene Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms

  • (a) mit geraden Segelrandstäben isometrisch von schräg vorne,
  • (b) mit geraden Segelrandstäben isometrisch von schräg oben.
  • (c) mit gebogenen Segelrandstäben isometrisch von schräg vorne und
  • (d) mit gebogenen Segelrandstäben isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 10

  eine wellenförmig-geschwungene Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms ohne Segeleckpunkte

  • (a) mit Segelrandbogen isometrisch von schräg vorne und
  • (b) mit Segelrandbogen isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 11

  eine in Segelflächen-Segmente aufgelöste Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms

  • (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne, (b) isometrisch von schräg oben.
  • (c) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (d) isometrisch von schräg oben

  Fig. 12

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms, bei der die Segelfläche entlang aufgenähter Zugseile oder Gurtbänder gerade Knicklinien aufweist

  • (a) isometrisch von schräg vorne und (b) isometrisch von schräg oben

• Figur 13 bis 18 vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsvarianten der Arme und der Öffnungs- und Schließ-Mechanismen:

  Fig. 13

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms als isometrie, bei der mehrere oder alle Tiefarme durch die Segelfläche hoch gehalten werden

  Fig. 14

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms als isometrische Sequenzen, bei der das Öffnen des Schirms durch Runterfahren der Arme an der Schirmachse erfolgt, wobei in der Sequenz

  • (a), (b) und (c) alle Arme durch Diagonalen nach oben gehoben werden
  • (d), (e) und (f) alle Hocharme durch Seile nach oben gehoben werden

  Fig. 15

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms als isometrische Sequenzen, bei der das Öffnen des Schirms durch Hochfahren der Seile oder Diagonalen an der Schirmachse erfolgt wobei in der Sequenz

  • (a), (b) und (c) alle Arme durch Selle nach oben gehoben werden
  • (d), (e) und (f) alle Hocharme durch Diagonalen nach oben gehoben werden

  Fig. 16

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms als isometrische Sequenz, bei der das Öffnen des Schirms durch Verkürzen aller Seile erfolgt, wobei in der Sequenz

  • (a), (b) und (c) alle Arme durch Seile nach oben gehoben werden
  • (d), (e) und (f) alle Hocharme durch Seile nach oben gehoben werden

  Fig. 17

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms mit markierten Längen der Diagonalen und deren Angriffspunkten an Hocharmen und Tiefarmen

  • (a) isometrisch
  • (b) geschnitten

  Fig. 18

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms Im Schnitt mit einer gemeinsamen Befestigung der Arme und des Segelachspunktes an der Hülse

• Figuren 19 bis 25 ausgewählte sonstige Beispiele

  Fig. 19

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms in der Aufsicht

  • (a) mit einer kreisförmigen Geometrie
  • (b) mit einer elliptischen Geometrie
  • (c) mit einer quadratischen Geometrie
  • (d) mit einer rautenförmigen Geometrie
  • (e) mit einer rechteckigen Geometrie
  • (f) mit einem außermittig gelegenen Segelachspunkt
  • (g) mit einer halhkreisähnlichen Geometrie

  Fig. 20

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms als Isometrie, bei der Hocharme und Tiefarme sich in verschiedenen Höhen an der Schirmachse treffen

  Fig. 21

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms als Isometrie,

  • (a) bei der mehrere oder alle Arme durch Seile hoch gehalten werden am Beispiel eines gefaltetkegelförmigen Schirms
  • (b) bei der mehrere oder alle Arme durch Diagonalen hoch gehalten werden am Beispiel eines gefaltetkegelförmigen Schirms
  • (c) dessen Hocharme von Seilen gehalten werden am Beispiel eines wellenförmig-gefalteten, durch einen Mast gehaltenen Schirms

  Fig. 22

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante eines Armes des Schirms im Schnitt

  Fig. 23

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Stiels des Schirms im Schnitt

  Fig. 24

  als ausgewähltes Beispiel einen wellenförmig-geschwungenen, durch einen Mast gehaltenen Schirm, dessen Hocharme von Sellen gehalten werden als Isometrie des Gesamtschirms

  Fig. 25

  eine Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms als Isometrie, bei der

  • (a) mehrere Schirme zu losen verbundenen Reihen zusammengestellt werden
  • (b) vier Schirme lose verbundenen als Quadrat zusammengestellt werden

Embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to Figures 1 to 25. The prefix is the figure "prior art", which is already explained in detail on page 1 of this description. Furthermore show:

• Figure 1 the main claim of the patent:

  Fig. 1

  a screen with only above the sail surface (10) lying arms (30) in an isometric view

• Figures 2 to 12 advantageous embodiments of the sail surfaces in their shape:

  Fig. 3

  a wavy curved variant of the screen (a) isometric from obliquely in front and (b) isometric from obliquely above

  Figure 4

  an alternately curved and kinked design variant of the screen (a) isometrically obliquely from the front and (b) isometric obliquely from above

  Fig. 5

  an alternately kinked and curved design variant of the screen (a) isometrically obliquely from the front and (b) isometric obliquely from above

  Fig. 6

  an alternately upwardly and downwardly bent configuration variant of the screen (a) isometrically obliquely from the front and (b) isometric obliquely from above

  Fig. 7

  a conical design variant of the screen (a) isometric from obliquely in front and (b) isometric from obliquely above

  Fig. 8

  a conical design variant of the screen (k) folded along the deep arms, isometric from an angled front and (b) isometric from an angled top

  Fig. 9

  a wavy curved design variant of the screen

  • (a) with straight sail edge bars isometric from obliquely in front,
  • (b) with straight sail edge bars isometric from diagonally above.
  • (c) with curved sail edge bars isometric from diagonally forward and
  • (d) with curved sail edge bars isometric from diagonally above

  Fig. 10

  a wavy-curved design variant of the umbrella without Segeleckpunkte

  • (a) with sail edge bow isometric from diagonally forward and
  • (b) with sail edge bow isometric from diagonally above

  Fig. 11

  a resolution variant of the umbrella resolved into sail area segments

  • (a) isometric from diagonally forward, (b) isometric from obliquely above.
  • (c) isometric from an angled front and (d) isometric from an angled top

  Fig. 12

  a design variant of the screen, in which the sail surface along sewn on pull ropes or straps straight bend lines

  • (a) isometric from an angled front and (b) isometric from an angled top

• Figures 13 to 18 advantageous embodiments of the arms and the opening and closing mechanisms:

  Fig. 13

  a design variant of the screen as isometry, in which several or all deep arms are held high by the sail area

  Fig. 14

  a variant embodiment of the screen as isometric sequences, in which the opening of the screen by lowering the arms takes place on the screen axis, wherein in the sequence

  • (a), (b) and (c) lift all arms up through diagonals
  • (d), (e) and (f) lift all high arms up by ropes

  Fig. 15

  an embodiment of the screen as isometric sequences, in which the opening of the screen by raising the ropes or diagonals on the screen axis is carried out in the sequence

  • (a), (b) and (c) lift all arms up through Selle
  • (d), (e) and (f) lift all high arms through diagonals

  Fig. 16

  a design variant of the screen as an isometric sequence, in which the opening of the screen is done by shortening all ropes, wherein in the sequence

  • (a), (b) and (c) lift all arms up by ropes
  • (d), (e) and (f) lift all high arms up by ropes

  Fig. 17

  a design variant of the screen with marked lengths of the diagonals and their attack points on high arms and low arms

  • (a) isometric
  • (b) cut

  Fig. 18

  a variant of the shield in section with a common attachment of the arms and the Segelachspunktes on the sleeve

• Figures 19 to 25 selected other examples

  Fig. 19

  a design variant of the screen in the supervision

  • (a) with a circular geometry
  • (b) with an elliptical geometry
  • (c) with a square geometry
  • (d) with a diamond-shaped geometry
  • (e) with a rectangular geometry
  • (f) with an off-center sailing point
  • (g) with a semicircle-like geometry

  Fig. 20

  a design variant of the screen as an isometry, meet in the high arms and low arms at different heights on the screen axis

  Fig. 21

  a design variant of the screen as isometry,

  • (A) in which several or all arms are held high by ropes on the example of a folded conical screen
  • (b) in which several or all arms are held up by diagonals using the example of a folded conical screen
  • (C) whose high arms are held by ropes on the example of a wavy-folded, held by a mast screen

  Fig. 22

  an embodiment variant of an arm of the screen in section

  Fig. 23

  an embodiment variant of the stem of the umbrella in section

  Fig. 24

  as a selected example, a wavy-curved, held by a mast screen whose arms are held by rings as isometry of the overall screen

  Fig. 25

  a variant of the shield as isometry, in the

  • (a) several screens are assembled into loose connected rows
  • (b) four umbrellas loosely connected as a square

FIGS. 1 to 18 listed below relate to the claims 1 to 18:

Fig. 1

shows in isometric view the basic principle of the invention. An arbitrarily shaped sail area (10) is defined by exclusively above the sail area lying arms (30), here distinguished by high arms (31) and low arms (32).

Fig. 3

shows two isometries of a wavy curved design variant of the screen or its sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is alternately spanned by high points (34) and low points (35).

Fig. 4

shows two isometries of alternately upwards and downwardly bent design variant of the screen or its sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is alternately pulled upwards from high points (34) and pressed down by low arms (32). Along the low arms (32), the sail surface (10) each have a crease line.

Fig. 5

shows two isometries of an alternately upturned and downwardly curved embodiment variant of the screen or its sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is pulled alternately from low points (35) down and from high arms (31) upwards. Along the high arms (32), the sail surface (10) each have a crease line.

Fig. 6

shows two isometries of an alternately upwardly and downwardly kinked design variant of the screen or its sail area (10). It can clearly be seen that the sail surface (10) is alternately pushed or pulled upwards or downwards by high arms (31) and low arms (32). Along the high arms (31) and low arms (32), the sail surface (10) each have a bending line.

Fig. 7

shows two isometries of a conical design variant of the screen or its sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is pulled upwards and downwards at the sailing axle point (13) in the direction of the screen axle (1) and from the low points (35).

Fig. 8

shows two isometric views of a conical configuration variant of the screen or its sail surface (10) bent along the deep arms. It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (1) of low arms (32) is clamped. Along the low arms (32), the sail surface (10) each have a crease line.

Fig. 9

shows in each case two isometries of two further wavy curved design variants of the screen or its sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) in each case by alternately inclined sail edge bars (15) is clamped. The sail edge bars (15) can be performed straight or curved. The arms (30) do not clamp the sail surface (10) directly.

Fig. 10

shows two isometries of a wavy curved design variant of the screen or its sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is spanned by a circularly closed, elastic and upward and downward swinging sail edge bow (16) and has no sail corner points.

Fig. 11

shows two isometries of two resolved in sail area segments design variants of the screen and its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is dissolved in the one embodiment variant similar to a wind turbine. Open and closed segments alternate. in the other embodiment variant several adjacent segments are opened. The remaining sail area (10) is stretched back over the sail edge rope (14) of the open fields.

Fig. 12

shows two isometries of a design variant of the screen or its sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) has a straight crease line on the direct connecting lines between the sail corner points (12) and the sail axle point (13). This is by strongly biased sewed on webbings or sewn pull ropes caused.

Figure 13

shows the isometry of a design variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that all deep arms are held up by static properties of the sail surface (10). The sail surface (10) in turn is held up by ropes in this example.

Figure 14

shows isometric sequences of two design variants of the screen or its opening and closing mechanisms. It can be clearly seen in the first three illustrations that the screen opens by lowering the handle tip (21), to which all arms (30) of the screen are hinged. Here the length of the diagonal (43) remains unchanged. In the following three illustrations, it can be clearly seen that the screen is opened by moving down a sleeve (25) on which all the high arms (31) of the screen are hinged. The length of the cables between the stem (20) and the high points (34) is constant.

Fig. 15

shows isometric sequences of two design variants of the screen or its opening and closing mechanisms. It can be clearly seen in the first three illustrations that the screen opens by raising the handle tip (21), to which all arms (30) are connected via diagonals (43) or cables (40). The length of the diagonal (43) and the ropes (40) between the stem (20) and the arms (30) is constant. In the following 3 illustrations it can be clearly seen that the screen opens by raising a sleeve (25) to which all the high arms (31) are connected via diagonals (43). The length of the diagonal (43) between the stem (20) and the arms (30) is constant. It is clearly visible that the low arms (32) are pulled up by the static properties of the sail surface (10).

Fig. 16

shows isometric sequences of two design variants of the screen or its opening and closing mechanisms. In the first three illustrations, it can be clearly seen that the screen opens by shortening the cables (40) to which all arms (30) of the screen are attached. In the following 3 diagrams it can be clearly seen that the screen opens by shortening the cables (40) to which all the high arms (31) of the screen are attached. It is also clearly visible that the low arms (32) are pulled up by the static properties of the sail surface (10).

Fig. 17

shows as isometry and section of a design variant of the screen and its opening and closing mechanism. It can be clearly seen that the sum of the length a1 of the high arm (31) from the stem (20) to the points of attack of the diagonal (43) and the length d1 of the associated diagonal (43) equal to the sum of the length a2 of the low arm (32) from the stem (20) to the point of application of the diagonal (43) and from the length d2 of the associated diagonal (43).

Fig. 18

shows a section of a design variant of the screen or its opening and closing mechanism. It can be clearly seen that the arms (30) and the sail surface (10) with their Segelachspunkt (13) are attached to a common sleeve (25). Consequently, when opening and closing the screen, they are moved together along the screen axis (1).

Fig. 19

zeigt die Aufsicht verschiedener Ausgestaltungsvarianten des Schirms bzw. seiner Segelfläche (10). Es ist deutlich erkennbar, dass die Segeleckpunkte (12) in der Aufsicht unterschiedlichste geometrische Formen beschreiben.

Fig. 20

zeigt die Isometrie einer Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms bzw. seiner Arme (30). Es ist deutlich erkennbar, dass die Hocharme (31) und Tiefarme (32) in verschiedenen Höhen auf die Schirmachse (1) treffen. Die höher angebrachten Arme (30) greifen steller über die Segelfläche (10) und erreichen ohne die Segelfläche (10) zu tangieren die Tiefpunkte (35).

Fig.21

zeigt drei isometrien einer Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms bzw. seiner Arme (30). Es ist deutlich erkennbar, dass in der ersten isometrie mehrere aber nicht alle Arme, im dargestellten Beispiel Hocharme (31), von Seilen oben gehalten werden. In der zweiten Isometrie werden sogar alle Arme des Schirms, im dargestellten Beispiel Tiefarme (32), von Seilen oben gehalten. Die dritte Isometrie zeigt einen Schirm mit einer abwechselnd nach oben und nach unten geknickten Segelfläche (10). Es ist deutlich erkennbar, dass die Tiefarme (32) durch ein Seil (40) zum Stiel (20) nach unten verspannt sind.

Fig. 22

zeigt den Schnitt einer Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms bzw. seiner Arme (30). Es ist deutlich erkennbar, dass der Arm (30) über ein Kederprofil verfügt, in dem die Segelfläche (10) geführt wird.

Fig.23

zeigt den Schnitt einer Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schirms bzw. seines Stiels (20). Es ist deutlich erkennbar, dass innerhalb des Stiels (20) eine Gewindespindel (22) mit Spindelmutter (29) angeordnet ist. Stifte verbinden durch vertikale Schlitze im Stiel (20) die Spindelmutter (29) mit einer Hülse (25), die nun zum Öffnen des Schirms verfahren werden kann.

Fig. 24

zeigt die Isometrie eines Schirms mit einer wellenförmig geschwungene Segelfläche (10) und sich abwechselnden Hochpunkten (34) und Tiefpunkten (35), wobei die Segelfläche in der Aufsicht eine quadratische Grundform aufweist. An einer am Stiel (20) verschiebbaren Hülse (25) sind alle Hocharme (31) und Tiefarme (32) gelenkig angeschlossen. Auch die Segelfläche (10) ist an ihrem Segelachspunkt (13) mit dem unteren Bereich dieser Hülse (25) fest verbunden. Die Hocharme (31) werden durch Seile (40), welche die Endpunkte (33) der Hocharme (31) mit einem an der Stielspitze (21) angebrachten Ausleger (28) verbinden, oben gehalten. Die Tiefarme (32) werden ihrerseits durch die Segelkanten (11), welche Hochpunkte (34) und Tiefpunkte (35) verbinden, nach oben gezogen. Aufgrund der Zugbelastbarkeit der Segelfläche (10) in der Verbindungslinie zwischen Schirmachse (1) und Tiefpunkt(35) entsteht ein in sich geschlossenes Kräftegleichgewicht, welches den Schirm stabilisiert. In diesem Fall übernimmt die Segelfläche (10) durch aufgenähte Gurtbänder, integrierte Zugseile etc. statische Eigenschaften und ist aufgrund der gegensinnig gekrümmten Form besonders wind- und formstabil. Der Stiel (20) ist im gezeigten Beispiel als Mast ausgeführt. Beim Zusammenfahren des Schirmes wird die am Stiel (20) verschiebliche Hülse (25) nach oben verfahren. Dadurch bewegen sich die Hocharme (31) und mit ihnen auch die Tiefarme (32) nach unten. Die Hülse (25) wird beim Schließvorgang soweit am Stiel nach oben gefahren, bis die an den Auslegern(28) befestigten Seile (40) vertikal und damit parallel zur Schirmachse (1) liegen und sich dadurch zwischen den Achsen des Hocharms (31) und des Seils (40) ein positiver Ausgangswinkel einstellt, welcher das Auffalten des Schirmes erleichtert oder aber erst ermöglicht. Beim Auffalten wird die Hülse nach unten bewegt, wodurch sich die Hocharme (31) mit ihren Hochpunkten (34) nach oben bewegen und durch die Segelkante (11) und/ oder die Segelrandselle (14) auch die Tiefarme (32) mit nach oben ziehen, bis die Zugwirkung zwischen der Schirmachse (1) und den Tiefpunkten (35) einsetzt. Besonders zu erwähnen ist, dass das Schließen des Schirmes durch das Hochfahren der Hülse (25) auch bei darunter stehenden Tischen funktioniert, weil mit der Hülse (25) auch die Arme (30) mit nach oben bewegt werden. Beim Öffnen werden diese wieder nach unten bewegt und gewährleisten aufgrund der geringen Entfernung zum Boden einen guten Sonnenschutz. Außerdem ist hervorzuheben, dass beim Schließen mit der Hülse auch die Segelfläche (10) an ihrem Segelachspunkt (13) mit nach oben gezogen wird, so dass der Schirm im geschlossenen Zustand allenfalls kleinere Falten wirft.

Fig. 25

zeigt die isometrien zweier Ausgestaltungsvarianten des Schirms bzw. einer Schirmgruppe. In der ersten Darstellung ist deutlich erkennbar, dass mehrere Schirme zu lose verbundenen Reihen zusammengestellt werden können. Im gezeigten Beispiel werden Schirme verwendet, die in der Mitte der gemeinsamen Kanten ausschließlich über Hochpunkte (34) verfügen, so dass eventuell anfallendes Regenwasser vorwiegend über die als Tiefpunkte (35) ausgebildeten Ecken nach Außen abgeführt wird. In der zweiten Darstellung ist deutlich erkennbar, dass jeweils vier Schirme zu lose verbundenen Quadraten zusammengestellt werden können. Im gezeigten Beispiel werden Schirme verwendet, die über zwei Hocharme (31) und 2 Tiefarme (32) verfügen. Die Schirme werden mit jeweils einem Hocharm (31) zur gemeinsamen Mitte ausgerichtet so dass eventuell anfallendes Regenwasser vorwiegend über die Tiefpunkte (35) nach Außen abgeführt wird.

FIGS. 19 to 25 below explain the screen by means of further examples:

Fig. 19

shows the top view of various design variants of the screen or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail corner points (12) describe a wide variety of geometric shapes when viewed from above.

Fig. 20

shows the isometry of a design variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that the high arms (31) and low arms (32) at different heights on the screen axis (1) to meet. The higher-mounted arms (30) reach over the sail surface (10) and reach without touching the sail surface (10) to the low points (35).

Figure 21

shows three isometries of a design variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that in the first isometry several but not all arms, in the example shown high arms (31), are held up by ropes. In the second isometry even all the arms of the umbrella, in the example shown, deep arms (32) are held up by ropes. The third isometric view shows a screen with an alternating up and down kinked sail surface (10). It can be clearly seen that the low arms (32) by a rope (40) to the stem (20) are braced downwards.

Fig. 22

shows the section of a design variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that the arm (30) has a Kederprofil in which the sail surface (10) is guided.

Figure 23

shows the section of a design variant of the screen or its stem (20). It can be clearly seen that a threaded spindle (22) with spindle nut (29) is arranged inside the stem (20). Pins connect through vertical slots in the handle (20) the spindle nut (29) with a sleeve (25), which can now be moved to open the screen.

Fig. 24

shows the isometry of a screen with a wavy curved sail surface (10) and alternating high points (34) and low points (35), wherein the sail surface in plan view has a square basic shape. On a sleeve (25) displaceable on the handle (20) all high arms (31) and low arms (32) are hinged. Also, the sail surface (10) is firmly connected at its Segelachspunkt (13) with the lower portion of this sleeve (25). The high arms (31) by means of ropes (40) which connect the end points (33) of the high arms (31) with an attached to the stem tip (21) boom (28) held up. The low arms (32) in turn by the sail edges (11), which high points (34) and low points (35) connect, pulled up. Due to the tensile load capacity of the sail surface (10) in the connecting line between screen axis (1) and low point (35) creates a self-contained equilibrium of forces, which stabilizes the screen. In this case, the sail area (10) by sewn-on straps, integrated traction cables etc. static properties and is due to the opposite direction curved shape particularly wind and dimensionally stable. The stem (20) is designed in the example shown as a mast. When the umbrella is moved together, the sleeve (25) displaceable on the handle (20) is moved upwards. As a result, the high arms (31) and with them also the low arms (32) move down. The sleeve (25) is moved during closing as far as the stem up until the arms (40) fixed to the ropes (40) vertically and thus parallel to the screen axis (1) and thereby between the axes of the high arm (31) and the rope (40) sets a positive initial angle, which facilitates the unfolding of the screen or only possible. When unfolding, the sleeve is moved down, causing the high arms (31) move with their high points (34) up and pull through the sail edge (11) and / or the sail edge (14) and the deep arms (32) with up until the pulling action between the screen axis (1) and the low points (35) begins. Particularly noteworthy is that the closing of the screen by the raising of the sleeve (25) also works at underlying tables, because with the sleeve (25) and the arms (30) are moved up with. When opening these are moved back down and ensure good sun protection due to the short distance to the ground. It should also be emphasized that when closing with the sleeve and the sail surface (10) at its Segelachspunkt (13) is pulled up with, so that the screen throws in the closed state at most smaller wrinkles.

Fig. 25

shows the isometries of two design variants of the screen or a screen group. In the first Illustration clearly shows that several umbrellas can be assembled into loosely connected rows. In the example shown, screens are used which have only high points (34) in the middle of the common edges, so that any resulting rainwater is discharged to the outside predominantly via the corners formed as low points (35). In the second illustration it can be clearly seen that four umbrellas each can be assembled into loosely connected squares. In the example shown, screens are used which have two high arms (31) and two low arms (32). The screens are each aligned with a high arm (31) to the common center so that any accumulating rainwater is discharged mainly via the lows (35) to the outside.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

umbrella axis

10

sail area

11

canopy edge

12

Segeleckpunkt

13

Segelachspunkt

14

Sailing edge cables

15

Canopy edge rod

16

Canopy edge arc

20

stalk

21

arm end

22

screw

24

bevel gear

25

shell

28

boom

29

spindle nut

30

poor

31

Hocharm

32

Tiefarm

33

endpoint

34

high point

35

low

40

rope

43

diagonal

50

support structure

51

support structure

52

suspended construction

For the sake of completeness, all designations also used in the figures will be explained.

The screen axis (1) designates the immaterial, geometric axis of the screen or its stem (20). In most design variants, rotational symmetries exist around this screen axis (1).

The sail surface (10) denotes the material surface, which is clamped directly or indirectly by the arms (30). It preferably consists of films, textiles or other membranes and serves, for example, the sunscreen and / or the rain cover and / or as a reflection surface.

The sail edge (11) limits the sail surface (10) with an edge to the outside. The sail edge (11) can be made stronger with existing static requirements.

The sail corner point (12) denotes a material point on the sail edge (11) on which an arm (30) of the screen pulls the sail surface (10) outwards.

The Segelachspunkt (13) denotes the intangible geometric intersection of the shield axis (1) with the sail surface (10).

The sail edge rope (14) denotes a pull rope, which is guided outside the sail surface (10), respectively adjacent end points (33) of the arms (30) of the umbrella connects and relieves the sail edge (11) in static terms.

The sail edge bars (15) designate rods which are combined by means of joints into a closed chain, which are defined in their position at their end points, the joints, by arms (30) and span the sail surface.

The sail edge bow (16) denotes a preferably elastic, closed to a ring rod, which is selectively defined by arms (30) in position and which spans the sail surface (10).

The stem (20) designates that portion of the mast where all the static elements required to clamp the umbrella are attached directly or indirectly, firmly or slidably. Not referred to as stem (20) are those portions of the mast which carry the stem. They are referred to as a support structure (50), respectively support structure (51) or suspension structure (52). However, the stem (30) and support structure (51) can be made from a continuous round tube, i. run together as a "mast".

The stem tip (21) indicates the upper or lower, free end of the stem (20). The stem tip, if required for the opening and closing mechanism, can be made extendable as a telescope from the stem (20).

The threaded spindle (22) denotes a threaded rod, which is guided within the stem (20), preferably via a bevel gear (24) is operated with a crank and movable for the opening and closing of the screen components, such as the stem tip (21) or the sleeve (25) moves.

The bevel gear (24) is actuated by means of a crank and moves via the rotation of the threaded spindle (22) responsible for the opening and closing of the screen components. The bevel gear (24) is preferably disposed within the stem (20).

The sleeve (25) denotes a movable mechanical component on the stem (20) to which the arms (30), ropes (40) or diagonals (43) are attached. By the procedure of the sleeve (25) opens and closes the screen. As a sleeve (25) is here deviating from the colloquial use also such along the screen axis (1) movable component referred to which the diagonal (43) are attached and which requires no opening in the screen axis (1), since it ends above Stem (20) does not surround and is connected only via a pull rope with this.

The cantilevers (28) denote directly or indirectly fixed or displaceably mounted on the stem (20) spacers to which the arms (30), the cables (40) or diagonals (43) are attached.

The spindle nut (29) denotes the mechanical component within the stem (20), which can be moved up and down by rotating the threaded spindle (22) in the direction of the umbrella axis (1). With the help of the spindle nut (29), for example, the sleeve (25) or the stem tip (21) are moved.

The arms (30) denote the articulated and radially of the screen axis (1) outgoing pressure rods, which span the sail surface (10) directly or indirectly. The arms (30) are by ropes (40). Diagonal (43) and / or the tensile forces of the sail surface (10) held in their for the mounting of the sail surface (10) position. Depending on the design variant, the arms (30) are loaded for bending and possibly curved.

The high arms (31) denote those arms (30) which pull the sail surface (10) directly or indirectly upwards.

Depending on the design variant, the high arms (31) starting from the screen axis (1) are arbitrarily inclined.

The low arms (32) denote those arms (30) which pull the sail surface (10) directly or indirectly down. The low arms (32) are always inclined downwards starting from the screen axis (1).

The end points (33) denote the outer, i. the shielding axis (1) facing away from the material ends of the arms (30). At the end points (33) usually the sail corner points (12) are attached.

The high points (34) denote the outer, i. the umbrella axis (1) facing away from the material ends of the high arms (31). Also, they designate the upward-facing nodes of adjacent sail edge bars (15).

The troughs (35) denote the outer, i. the shielding axis (1) facing away from the material ends of the deep arms (32). Also, they denote the downward pointing nodes of adjacent sail edge bars (15).

The ropes (40) designate traction cables which connect the end points (33) with the stem (20) and the arms (28).

The diagonals (43) denote material pressure bars and / or pull ropes which connect any points of the arms (30) with the stem (20) and the arms (28).

The support structure (50) designates the static component holding the stem (20), i. which connects the stem (20) down to the ground or which grasps the stem (20) from above and connects it to the ground or wall via a gripping structure.

The support structure (51) denotes a static component, which holds the stem (20) and connects to the ground. The simplest embodiment of a support structure (51) a mast.

The suspended structure (52) designates a static component which grips the stem from above above the screen.

Claims (18)

1. Unfoldable and foldable protective umbrella structure, which can be used to protect against weather influences such as sun and/or rain, wherein any incident rain water can be conducted outwardly as a result of the form of the canopy surface, characterised in that the arms (30) spreading the canopy surface (10) lie exclusively above the canopy surface (10) and do not penetrate the canopy surface (10).
2. Umbrella structures according to claim 1, characterised in that the umbrella structure has a post (20) which can be anchored in the ground or held on the ground or in the air by a supporting structure (51), a canopy surface (10) which, in the unfolded state, is curved with a wave-like form, has a cloth-like or membrane-like, whole-number polygonal basic surface, preferably of high tensile strength, and has canopy corner points (12) defining alternate high points (34) and low points (35), is penetrated approximately centrally by a post (20), is attached preferably firmly to the post (20) at this penetration site, or is freely displaceable in the direction of the vertical umbrella axis (1) and is bounded by a canopy edge (11) which, in the unfolded state, extends inclined to the umbrella axis (1), and has one or more arms (30) mounted radially in articulated manner on the post (20), each of said arms extending, in the unfolded state, from the post (20) to the respective canopy corner point (12).
3. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said surface (10) may be spread out from an even total number 2n of high points (34) and low points (35), so that the canopy surface (10) has n high points (34) and n low points (35) which are arranged alternately on the canopy edge (11) of the spread out canopy surface (10) and generate a wave-like curved form of the canopy surface (10), wherein the high points (34) pull the canopy surface (10) outwardly and upwardly and the low points (35) pull the canopy surface (10) outwardly and downwardly.
4. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the canopy surface (10) may be spread out from an even total number 2n of high points (34) and low arms (32) and has n high points (34) and n low arms (32) which are arranged alternately round the canopy axis (1) and generate a form of the canopy surface which is curved above and folded below, wherein the high points (34) are arranged on the canopy edge (11) of the canopy surface (10) and pull the canopy surface (10) upwardly, and wherein the low arms (32) are preferably attached to the canopy surface (10) over their whole length, in particular by means of a piping profile, and/or touch the canopy surface (10) and press it downwardly.
5. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the canopy surface (10) may be spread out from an even total number 2n of high arms (31) and low points (35) and has n high arms (31) and n low points (35) which are arranged alternately round the canopy axis (1) and generate a form of the canopy surface which is folded above and curved below, wherein the high arms (31) are preferably attached to the canopy surface (10) over their whole length, in particular by means of a piping profile, and/or touch the canopy surface (10) and pull it upwardly, and wherein the low points (35) are arranged on the canopy edge (11) of the canopy surface (10) and press the canopy surface (10) downwardly.
6. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the canopy surface (10) may be guided on an even total number 2n of high arms (31) and low arms (32) and has n high arms (31) and n low arms (32) which are arranged alternately round a post (20) and generate a form of the canopy surface (10) which is folded alternately above and below, wherein all the high arms (31) and the low arms (32) lie above the canopy surface (10) and are attached to the canopy surface (10) at points or along their whole length, in particular by means of a piping profile and/or touch the canopy surface (10) and alternately pull it upwardly and press it downwardly.
7. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the canopy surface (10) may be spread out from any desired number n of low points (35), wherein the geometrical intersection of the canopy surface (10) with the umbrella axis (1), designated the canopy axis point (13), is drawn upwardly so that a conical form of the canopy surface (10) is generated.
8. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the canopy surface (10) may be guided on any desired number n of low arms (32), wherein the low arms (32) are connected to the canopy surface (10) at points or over their whole length, in particular by means of a piping profile and/or touch the canopy surface (10) so that a form of the canopy surface (10) is generated which is folded along the low arms (32).
9. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the canopy surface (10) may be spread out from an even number n of canopy edge rods (15), wherein the canopy edge rods (15) are connected to the canopy edge (11) at points or along their whole length and, with their alternating inclinations, generate a wave-like curved form of the canopy surface (10).
10. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the canopy surface (10) may be spread out from a canopy edge arc (16) which is preferably elastic and is closed to a ring, wherein the canopy edge arc (16) is connected at points or over its whole length to the canopy edge (11) and, with its alternating inclinations, generates a wave-like curved form of the canopy surface (10).
11. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one segment of the canopy surface (10) is replaced by a canopy edge cord (14).
12. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the connecting line within the canopy surface (10) between a canopy corner point (12) and the umbrella axis (1) forms a straight line from the canopy surface (10) as a result of sewn-on webbing or sewn-in tensioning cords, in the presence of negligible forces, so that the canopy surface (10) has a fold along the connecting straight line between the canopy corner points (12) and the umbrella axis (1), and/or characterised in that the connecting line within the canopy surface (10) between a canopy corner point (12) and the umbrella axis (1) forms a curve from the canopy surface (10) as a result of sewn-on webbing or sewn-in tensioning cords, in the presence of not negligible forces, so that the canopy surface (10) has a fold along the connecting curve between the canopy corner points (12) and the umbrella axis (1).
13. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in the spread out state of the canopy, a plurality of, or all, the low arms (32) are held upwardly by the static properties of the canopy surface (10) which is reinforced, if needed, by means of webbing or cords and is held upwardly by high arms (31) or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) into their position required for the spread out canopy, and/or characterised in that, in the spread out state of the canopy, a plurality of, or all, arms (30) are tensioned downwardly by the static properties of the canopy surface (10) which is reinforced, if needed, by means of webbing or cords or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) into their position required for the spread out canopy.
14. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spreading out of the umbrella is carried out by means of an opening and closing mechanism wherein a sleeve (25) or an extensible telescope-like post tip (21) to which all the arms (30) of the umbrella are attached in articulated manner are moved downwardly in the direction of the umbrella axis (1), so that all the arms (30) including the canopy surface (10) attached to these arms (30) are pressed or pulled by cords (40) and/or diagonals (43) into their position required for the spread out canopy, until the canopy surface (10) is fully spread out and the whole system assumes a stable rest position given by the limitations resulting from the static properties and the geometry of the canopy surface (10) or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) and/or provided by cords (40) or diagonals (43), and/or characterised in that the spreading out of the umbrella is carried out by means of an opening and closing mechanism wherein a sleeve (25) or an extensible telescope-like post tip (21) to which all the arms (30) of the umbrella are attached in articulated manner are moved downwardly in the direction of the umbrella axis (1), so that all the high arms (31) including the canopy surface (10) attached to these arms (30) are pressed or pulled by cords (40) and/or diagonals (43) into their position required for the spread out canopy, wherein all the low arms (32) are also pulled by the static properties of the canopy surface (10) which is reinforced, if needed, by means of webbing or cords or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) into their position required for the spread out canopy, until the canopy surface (10) is fully spread out and the whole system assumes a stable rest position given by the limitations resulting from the static properties and the geometry of the canopy surface (10) or by its accompanying elements, and/or provided by cords (40) or diagonals (43).
15. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spreading out of the umbrella is carried out by means of an opening and closing mechanism wherein a sleeve (25) or the retractable and extensible telescope-like post tip (21) or any element on the umbrella axis (1) not firmly attached to the post, to which all the cords (40) or diagonals (43) are attached in articulated manner is moved upwardly in the direction of the umbrella axis (1), so that all the arms (30) including the canopy surface (10) attached to these arms (30) are pushed or pulled by the cords (40) or the diagonals (43) into their position required for the spread out canopy, until the canopy surface (10) is fully spread out and the whole system assumes a stable rest position given by the limitations resulting from the static properties and the geometry of the canopy surface (10) or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) and/or provided by cords (40) or diagonals (43), and/or characterised in that the spreading out of the umbrella is carried out by means of an opening and closing mechanism wherein a sleeve (25) or the retractable and extensible telescope-like post tip (21) or any element on the umbrella axis (1) not firmly attached to the post, to which all the cords (40) or diagonals (43) are attached in articulated manner is moved upwardly in the direction of the umbrella axis (1), so that all the high arms (31) including the canopy surface (10) attached to these arms (30) are pushed or pulled by the cords (40) or the diagonals (43) into their position required for the spread out canopy, wherein all the low arms (32) are also pulled by the static properties of the canopy surface (10) which is reinforced, if needed, by means of webbing or cords or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) into their position required for the spread out canopy, until the canopy surface (10) is fully spread out and the whole system assumes a stable rest position given by the limitations resulting from the static properties and the geometry of the canopy surface (10) or by its accompanying elements, and/or provided by cords (40) or diagonals (43).
16. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spreading out of the umbrella is carried out by means of an opening and closing mechanism wherein the cords (40) or diagonals (43) are shortened or lengthened, so that all the arms (30) including the canopy surface (10) attached to said arms (30) are pushed or pulled by the cords (40) or diagonals (43) into their position required for the spread out umbrella until the canopy surface (10) is fully spread out and the whole system assumes a stable rest position given by the limitations resulting from the static properties and the geometry of the canopy surface (10) or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) and/or provided by cords (40) or diagonals (43), and/or characterised in that the spreading out of the umbrella is carried out by means of an opening and closing mechanism wherein the cords (40) or diagonals (43) are shortened or lengthened so that all the high arms (31) including the canopy surface (10) attached to said arms (30) are pushed or pulled by the cords (40) or diagonals (43) into their position required for the spread out canopy, wherein all the low arms (32) are also pulled by the static properties of the canopy surface (10) which is reinforced, if needed, by means of webbing or cords or by its accompanying elements, in particular the canopy edge (11), the canopy edge rods (15), the canopy edge arc (16) or the canopy edge cords (14) into their position required for the spread out canopy, until the canopy surface (10) is fully spread out and the whole system assumes a stable rest position given by the limitations resulting from the static properties and the geometry of the canopy surface (10) or by its accompanying elements, and/or provided by cords (40) or diagonals (43).
17. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sum of the length a of the arm (30) from the post (20) to the attachment point of the diagonal (43) and of the length d of the diagonals (43) is the same for all the arms, that is a+d = constant, so that in particular canopies with high arms (31) and low arms (32) may be fully folded.
18. Umbrella structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the folding of the umbrella is carried out by means of an opening and closing mechanism wherein all the arms (30) and the canopy surface (10) are attached at the umbrella axis point (13) to a common sleeve (25), so that through the raising of the sleeve (25), the umbrella axis point (13) is also pulled upwardly and, in the folded condition, the canopy surface (10) hangs from the umbrella axis point.

Images