EP1608518B1 - Clip for clipping sheets together - Google Patents
Clip for clipping sheets together Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1608518B1 EP1608518B1 EP04711950A EP04711950A EP1608518B1 EP 1608518 B1 EP1608518 B1 EP 1608518B1 EP 04711950 A EP04711950 A EP 04711950A EP 04711950 A EP04711950 A EP 04711950A EP 1608518 B1 EP1608518 B1 EP 1608518B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- clip
- limbs
- stack
- sheets
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42F—SHEETS TEMPORARILY ATTACHED TOGETHER; FILING APPLIANCES; FILE CARDS; INDEXING
- B42F1/00—Sheets temporarily attached together without perforating; Means therefor
- B42F1/12—Means for attaching together sheet corners exclusively
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps
- Y10S24/08—Paper clips
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps
- Y10S24/08—Paper clips
- Y10S24/09—Sheet material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/20—Paper fastener
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/20—Paper fastener
- Y10T24/202—Resiliently biased
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/20—Paper fastener
- Y10T24/202—Resiliently biased
- Y10T24/205—One piece
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/20—Paper fastener
- Y10T24/208—Corner fastened
Definitions
- the invention relates to a clamp for clamping sheets according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a clamp for clamping sheets There are a few types of parentheses that are basically different: On the one hand staples that can pierce the paper and difficult to be removed again and on the other hand based on friction brackets, which in turn essentially fall into two groups, namely: consisting of a piece of wire, plastic or sheet paper clips or resilient clamping devices attached thereto handling.
- the invention aims to provide a remedy and to provide a clamp in which the sixteenzuhaltenden sheets without being damaged, pressed by means of resiliently arranged triangular or trapezoidal or semi-circular or semi-elliptical leg directly against each other and fixed by inwardly bent folds.
- the clamping action of this clip is almost comparable to that of a positive clip. According to the invention, these objects are achieved by the technical features characterized in claims 1 to 3.
- the show Fig. 1-3 a triangular shape of a one-piece clamp according to the invention.
- the Fig. 1 shows this in the plan, the Fig. 2 in the side crack and the Fig. 3 in oblique position.
- the Fig. 4-6 show a trapezoidal and semicircular execution of those of Fig. 1-3
- the Fig. 7 - 9 show a multi-part bracket according to the invention, whose legs with those Fig. 1-3 are almost identical.
- the bracket as in Fig. 1 - 6 shown, has two mirror-like legs 1, 1a, 1b, which are pivotally connected along a spine 2, resiliently connected to each other. Since the staple is to grasp the paper stack at a corner, and one must be able to easily open it, the legs 1, 1a, 1b are triangular or trapezoidal or semicircular or semi-elliptical.
- the bracket as in Fig. 7 - 9 shown, has two legs 6 which are movably connected to each other via a spring 7, wherein both legs 6 are arranged both in the relaxed state of the clip and in the state of a clamped sheet stack one above the other and in parallel, without mutual contact.
- the inwardly bent seams 3, as in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B are each shown on a to the back 2 at an acute or obtuse angle 4a arranged side 4 of the two legs 1, 1a, 6 ( Fig. 1, 4th . 7 ) or in the region of the apex 8 of the two limbs 1b (FIG. Fig. 5 ).
- the clip is neither opened nor closed, it is only with the rounding 5 of the legs 1, 1a, 6 and the rounding 5a of the legs 1b attached to the paper stack and by the finger pressure 4 'and 2' in the direction of the edge 4 and in the direction of the back 2 is pushed over the paper stack. It is removed by pushing in the opposite direction of 4 'or 2'.
- This clip can be made of metal, plastic, wood or paper.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Klammer zum Klemmen von Blättern gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.
Es gibt einige, prinzipiell unterschiedlich aufgebaute Arten von Klammern:
Einerseits Heftklammern, die das Papier durchlöchern und nur mit Schwierigkeiten wieder entfernt werden können und andererseits auf Reibung beruhende Klammern, die wiederum im wesentlichen in zwei Gruppen zerfallen, nämlich: die aus einem Stück Draht, Kunststoff oder Blech bestehenden Büroklammern oder federnde Klemmvorrichtungen mit daran angebrachten Handhaben.The invention relates to a clamp for clamping sheets according to the preamble of
There are a few types of parentheses that are basically different:
On the one hand staples that can pierce the paper and difficult to be removed again and on the other hand based on friction brackets, which in turn essentially fall into two groups, namely: consisting of a piece of wire, plastic or sheet paper clips or resilient clamping devices attached thereto handling.
Die letztgenannten Gruppen von Klammern, die auf der Klemmwirkung basieren, weisen nun im Fall der klassischen Büroklammer und der Blechklammern den Nachteil nur geringer Haltefähigkeit auf, die anderen Vorrichtungen sind durch die notwendigen Handhaben sperrig, mehrteilig und voluminös und auch nur bedingt funktionsfähig, da der Verriegelungs- und Entriegelungsmechanismus nicht vom Klemmmechanismus getrennt ist.The latter groups of clamps based on the clamping action, now have in the case of the classic paper clip and the sheet metal clamps the disadvantage of only low holding capacity, the other devices are bulky due to the necessary handling bulky, multi-part and bulky and even limited, since the Locking and unlocking mechanism is not separated from the clamping mechanism.
Dokument
Die einstückigen Klammern
- 1. Jene, die leicht auf einen Blattstapel zu schieben sind, besitzen nur eine geringe Klemmkraft aufgrund der Klemmung mittels Flächen oder aufgrund des Materials.
- 2. Die einzige Klammer mit großer Klemmkraft (
WO 01/58700A
- 1. Those who are easy to push on a stack of sheets, have only a small clamping force due to the clamping by means of surfaces or due to the material.
- 2. The only clamp with great clamping force (
WO 01 / 58700A
Die Erfindung bezweckt Abhilfe zu schaffen und eine Klammer anzugeben, bei der die zusammenzuhaltenden Blätter ohne beschädigt zu werden, mittels federnd angeordneter dreieckiger bzw trapezförmiger bzw halbrunder bzw halbelliptischer Schenkel direkt gegeneinander gepreßt und von nach innen gebogenen Falzen fixiert werden. Die Klemmwirkung dieser Klammer ist nahezu vergleichbar mit jener einer formschlüssigen Klammer. Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Ziele durch die in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3 gekennzeichneten technischen Merkmale erzielt.The invention aims to provide a remedy and to provide a clamp in which the zusammenzuhaltenden sheets without being damaged, pressed by means of resiliently arranged triangular or trapezoidal or semi-circular or semi-elliptical leg directly against each other and fixed by inwardly bent folds. The clamping action of this clip is almost comparable to that of a positive clip. According to the invention, these objects are achieved by the technical features characterized in
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden an Hand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.
Dabei zeigen die
Die
The show
The
Die Klammer, wie in
Die Klammer, wie in
Die nach innen gebogenen Falze 3, wie in
Die Klammer wird weder geöffnet noch geschlossen, sie wird lediglich mit der Rundung 5 der Schenkel 1, 1a, 6 bzw der Rundung 5a der Schenkel 1b an den Papierstapel angesetzt und durch den Fingerdruck 4' bzw 2' in Richtung der Kante 4 bzw in Richtung des Rückens 2 über den Papierstapel geschoben. Entfernt wird sie durch Schieben in die entgegengesetzte Richtung von 4' bzw 2'.The inwardly
The clip is neither opened nor closed, it is only with the
Ein absolut zuverlässiger Halt der eingeklemmten Blätter wird durch die im Winkel 3a abgekanteten Falze 3 gewährleistet. Diese Klammer kann aus Metall, Kunststoff, Holz oder Papier hergestellt werden.An absolutely reliable hold of the trapped sheets is ensured by the
Claims (3)
- Clip for clamping sheets of paper, plastic, metal etc. at their corners or sides, which is configured as U-shaped, as one-piece or multipart with two limbs of the same or different shape, the stack of sheets being clamped between both limbs, by these alone or by means of projections incorporated into them and the force of the pre-tensioned back, characterized in that it is configured as one-piece as a triangular or trapezoidal or semicircular or semi-elliptical shape with limbs (1, 1a or 1b) that are arranged parallel to each other when in the relaxed state, both limbs (1, 1a or 1b) comprising a small fold (3), which is inwardly curved and which bends to form an acute or obtuse angle (3a), on each side (4) forming an acute or obtuse angle (4a) with the back (2) or on each vertex (8), and in that it consists of metal or high-strength plastic or wood or compressed cellulose.
- Clip according to Claim 1, characterized in that both in the relaxed state of the clip and in the state with a clamped stack of sheets, both limbs (6) are arranged on top of each other and parallel to each other by means of a spring (7).
- Clip according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is made to be multipart, both limbs (6) being connected by means of a spring (7) without making mutual contact.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT4652003 | 2003-03-24 | ||
AT0046503A AT501547B1 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2003-03-24 | CLAMP FOR TERMINATION OF LEAVES |
PCT/AT2004/000047 WO2004085170A1 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-02-18 | Clip for clipping sheets together |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1608518A1 EP1608518A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
EP1608518B1 true EP1608518B1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
Family
ID=33034702
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04711950A Expired - Lifetime EP1608518B1 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-02-18 | Clip for clipping sheets together |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7712190B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1608518B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4308846B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1759016B (en) |
AT (2) | AT501547B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0408696A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2518488C (en) |
DE (1) | DE502004006774D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1608518T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2305728T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1608518E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2344939C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004085170A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8256070B2 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-09-04 | Sleeve Clips, Llc | Split arm clip |
ITTO20120979A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-13 | Maip S R L | RECYCLABLE, BIODEGRADABLE AND WRITABLE STICKER |
CN105751734A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-13 | 管利珍 | Novel paper clip |
RU2634892C1 (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2017-11-07 | Николай Петрович Дядченко | Clamp |
TWI697415B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-07-01 | 鵬展國際有限公司 | Convenient corner stickers for storing objects and manufacturing method thereof |
NL2025023B1 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-12-18 | Jilles Tetsumi Van Olphen Frans | CORNER CLAMP FOR A SHEET STACK |
Family Cites Families (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE381810C (en) * | 1923-09-25 | Louis Edwin Baltzley | Paper clip made from a piece of resilient sheet metal | |
US658965A (en) * | 1900-06-21 | 1900-10-02 | Charles E Senna | Necktie-holder. |
US1019256A (en) * | 1908-12-14 | 1912-03-05 | James H Irvin | Paper-clip. |
US1038164A (en) * | 1910-11-09 | 1912-09-10 | Una Lobb | Device for removing eyes from potatoes, pineapples, &c. |
US1070683A (en) * | 1912-06-14 | 1913-08-19 | Walter H Barney | Paper-clip. |
US1148934A (en) * | 1913-08-04 | 1915-08-03 | John J Shuey | Clip. |
US1205889A (en) * | 1915-09-08 | 1916-11-21 | Julius Halvorson | Clothes-pin. |
GB157520A (en) | 1919-10-09 | 1921-01-27 | Frederick Edwin Strangward | An improved fastening clip and binder for stationery, newspapers, periodicals and the like |
US1423520A (en) * | 1921-10-07 | 1922-07-25 | Benjamin H Freedman | Paper fastener |
US1590682A (en) * | 1924-10-29 | 1926-06-29 | William P Hart | Receptacle closure |
US1899753A (en) | 1931-11-28 | 1933-02-28 | Gustav E Felsenthal | Money clip |
US2310835A (en) * | 1940-06-21 | 1943-02-09 | Burleigh James Kelley | Portable mail holder |
US2498066A (en) * | 1947-08-19 | 1950-02-21 | Edward L Challinor | Bobby pin |
US2797886A (en) * | 1953-08-17 | 1957-07-02 | Arthur S Pinckney | Combined toothbrush hanger and bristle straightener |
GB1206538A (en) * | 1968-06-28 | 1970-09-23 | William Justus Fernau | Clip |
US3604425A (en) * | 1969-04-11 | 1971-09-14 | New Research And Dev Lab Inc | Hemostatic clip |
US3837133A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1974-09-24 | Alside Inc | Panel clip |
US3766613A (en) * | 1972-10-02 | 1973-10-23 | Kunreuther And Merfeld | Fabric and garment clip |
GB2017586B (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1982-06-03 | Brass Lantern Ltd | Sheets or drawings clamping device |
US4324025A (en) | 1980-02-19 | 1982-04-13 | Apri Edward W | Clamp |
US4594754A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1986-06-17 | Planhorse International (Nz) Limited | Clamp for holding sheet articles |
FR2549706B3 (en) | 1983-07-25 | 1985-12-13 | Roybier Fils Sa E | ADJUSTABLE CLAMP FOR HANGING THIN ARTICLES |
US4946065A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1990-08-07 | David Pressman | Holder for hand-carrying plastic bags or supporting same within trash container with bag handle inserted in space under holder |
US5357635A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1994-10-25 | Lemoine Philip G | Ventilated beekeeper's suit |
FR2668980B1 (en) * | 1990-11-12 | 1993-02-19 | In The Pocket | DEVICE FOR HOLDING MULTIPLE SHEETS TOGETHER. |
US5104088A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-04-14 | Curtis Manufacturing Company, Inc. | Document holder clip |
DE9204429U1 (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1992-06-17 | Pusskailer, Helmut, 8710 Kitzingen, De | |
JP2575832Y2 (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1998-07-02 | 久夫 佐藤 | clip |
FR2691106B1 (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1995-07-28 | Letendart Claudine | MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND REMOVABLE OFFICE ACCESSORY. |
NL9300056A (en) * | 1993-01-12 | 1994-08-01 | Multibridge Bv | Clamp for holding and / or holding sheets of paper or other materials together. |
JP2724113B2 (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1998-03-09 | 文治 中村 | clip |
US5682650A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-11-04 | Colleague Agencies, Inc. | Sheet clipping device |
DE19543971C2 (en) * | 1995-11-25 | 1998-06-04 | Mecano Rapid Gmbh | Element for fastening a profile seal |
USD381361S (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-07-22 | Hisao Sato | Paper clip |
US5697131A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-12-16 | Hunt; Gerald S. | Money clip |
US5651167A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1997-07-29 | Jovanovich; Radomir M. | Side-actuated clip |
US5865469A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 1999-02-02 | Chin; Marybeth | Cover folder and method of constructing the same |
DE69914279D1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2004-02-26 | Nirei Industry Co | clip |
US6018849A (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2000-02-01 | Royer; George R. | Paper clip |
FR2796884B1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-09-21 | Avery Dennison France | DEVICE FOR MAINTAINING AT LEAST ONE SHEET ON A SUPPORT AND SUPPORT COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE |
WO2001058700A1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2001-08-16 | Claus Rayhle | Clip |
AT411894B (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2004-07-26 | Weingartner Peter | CLAMP FOR CLAMPING LEAVES |
US6663311B1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-16 | Bon S. Ong | Report cover with clamping slide bar |
US7146691B2 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2006-12-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Fabric retaining clip having crenated-serrated jaw assembly |
-
2003
- 2003-03-24 AT AT0046503A patent/AT501547B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-02-18 JP JP2006503939A patent/JP4308846B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-18 DK DK04711950T patent/DK1608518T3/en active
- 2004-02-18 AT AT04711950T patent/ATE391606T1/en active
- 2004-02-18 ES ES04711950T patent/ES2305728T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-18 EP EP04711950A patent/EP1608518B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-18 PT PT04711950T patent/PT1608518E/en unknown
- 2004-02-18 CN CN200480006573.XA patent/CN1759016B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-18 RU RU2005132613/12A patent/RU2344939C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-18 CA CA2518488A patent/CA2518488C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-18 US US10/550,478 patent/US7712190B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-18 BR BRPI0408696-1A patent/BRPI0408696A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-02-18 DE DE502004006774T patent/DE502004006774D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-18 WO PCT/AT2004/000047 patent/WO2004085170A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2005132613A (en) | 2006-02-27 |
ATE391606T1 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
DK1608518T3 (en) | 2008-07-07 |
RU2344939C2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
CN1759016B (en) | 2010-05-12 |
US20060277725A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
AT501547A1 (en) | 2006-09-15 |
CA2518488C (en) | 2011-10-04 |
CA2518488A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
CN1759016A (en) | 2006-04-12 |
EP1608518A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
US7712190B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
JP4308846B2 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
ES2305728T3 (en) | 2008-11-01 |
WO2004085170A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
PT1608518E (en) | 2008-05-12 |
JP2006520704A (en) | 2006-09-14 |
BRPI0408696A (en) | 2006-03-28 |
DE502004006774D1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
AT501547B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
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