EP1607547A1 - Process for consolidating or reinforcing masonry structures and the like - Google Patents
Process for consolidating or reinforcing masonry structures and the like Download PDFInfo
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- EP1607547A1 EP1607547A1 EP04013553A EP04013553A EP1607547A1 EP 1607547 A1 EP1607547 A1 EP 1607547A1 EP 04013553 A EP04013553 A EP 04013553A EP 04013553 A EP04013553 A EP 04013553A EP 1607547 A1 EP1607547 A1 EP 1607547A1
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- Prior art keywords
- process according
- skeleton structure
- wall
- masonry
- previous
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
Definitions
- the present invention concerns the field of building. More specifically, it concerns a new process for consolidating and/or reinforcing masonry structures and the like, both for restructuring and repair interventions, and for new buildings.
- the prior art comprises intervention systems generally used in the structural recovery of masonry walls, above all in areas subject to seismic risk.
- intervention systems generally used in the structural recovery of masonry walls, above all in areas subject to seismic risk.
- it is known to actually insert beams and columns linked in frames to make more rigid or replace the masonry wall itself.
- Such methods besides being rather burdensome in terms of costs, have drawbacks for the structures and the pre-existing materials, with various negative repercussions: difficulty should demolition or cutting be necessary, possible dishomogeneous response to stresses by the materials arranged together, assessment of the variations in physical and surface finish characteristics between one material and another, and a potential increase in loads.
- the object of the present invention is that of overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, providing a process for the integration of wall-type structures, both during construction and in repair, which adds extensive rigidity still with a low degree of intervention on the base structure, and leaves the masonry wall's continuity as unaltered as possible, preserving the structural efficiency and the global characteristics of the materials and being more adjustable and versatile than known systems.
- the process is substantially based upon the combination of two structures, one of the masonry type, possibly pre-existing, and the other forming an extensive skeleton.
- the size and arrangement of the skeleton structure made up of single linear elements assembled together by means of repeatable and rigid joints, are derived from a mesh scanning carried out on the masonry wall so as to extensively cover it, and which therefore is a function of the geometry and composition thereof.
- surface channels and through holes are formed, for linear elements of the skeleton and the relative connections to be inserted, together constituting a further general structural system in rigid frameworks with which the wall itself can participate.
- the masonry remains largely integral and absolutely prevalent in the assembly, given the small size of the linear elements composing the framework. This type of intervention also excludes extensive demolition or through cuts.
- the inserted structure, with rigid elements and connections, is such as to have its own autonomy.
- a generic load bearing masonry wall 1 (figure 1), with a typical thickness of about 40 centimetres and defined by floors (not represented), has a broken planimetrical development and includes a window 2 and a door 3.
- a scanning of the wall 1 is carried out, so as to define a network R comprising meshes M that are typically quadrilateral like in the example, so that the wall 1 itself is extensively covered and geometrically reconstructed by said scanning.
- the network is in practice obtained by squaring the wall 1, on both sides, into meshes M, as a consequence of carring out a division of the same wall into at least three horizontal bands and, adopting the width of the bands as reference, according to vertical bands in a number such as to cover its extension, also in this case in a number of no less than three.
- the division is obviously further developed and/or adapted considering the specific characteristics of the wall 1, and in particular the need to suitably involve the end parts, the corners, the openings, recesses, cavities, columns, portions made from different materials and/or with different load situations and whatever else. Consequently, the squarings, and therefore the width and/or the number of bands are adjusted.
- the meshes M symmetrically define a plurality of flat regions on the two sides of the wall 1. Considering the imaginary transversal connections CT between corresponding nodes N on the two sides, the three-dimensional drawing of the network R is completed.
- the network R thus identifies a texture for an extensive skeleton structure 4 (figure 3), typically made from metal material, configured following the composition of the wall, with a depth that is never greater than the thickness of the masonry wall 1.
- the skeleton structure 4 is formed from single linear elements or rods 5 of varying lengths, assembled in succession according to the aforementioned texture, and therefore rigidly connected, through a joint system 6, preferably of a modular type, which shall be discussed later on, at the junctions N.
- the rods 5 thus precisely follow the shape of the meshes M and of the relative transversal connections CT.
- the process according to the invention then comprises the step (figure 2) of forming, on the wall 1, again carefully following the texture established by the network R, a series of channels or grooves 7 and transversal through holes 8 suitable for housing precisely the rods 5 of the skeleton structure 4. More specifically, the grooves 7 are intended to receive the longitudinal rods 5, i.e. those to be arranged along the meshes M, whereas the through holes 8 allow the insertion of the transversal rods along the connections CT.
- the subsequent step of the process consists precisely of the mounting of the structure 4 on the wall 1 thus prepared.
- the surface or longitudinal rods 5 are arranged within, or immediately close to, the two opposite faces of the wall 1.
- the transversal rods 5, are intended for the connection between the two surface frameworks of the structure 4, jointly applying a consolidating and containment action.
- the wall 1 still keeps its core intact, which can therefore continue to carry out load bearing functions.
- the size and the spacing of the holes 8 induce a negligible weakening in the masonry structure, with effects that are incomparable with those deriving from through cuts or demolition.
- the load bearing capability is, however, integrated by the added skeleton structure 4. The latter, with single elements and joints with suitable characteristics and size can, indeed, assume its own load hearing function.
- a masonry portion surrounded by any square of the skeleton structure 4 realises a plugging effect, simulating the presence of a diagonal element.
- the skeleton structure 4 can, however, be integrated by actual diagonal rods, arranged inside a single square on a face of the wall 1.
- the network R' of the wall shall be based upon a succession of meshes M' that define and surround the window itself, of variable width according to the structural and/or rigidity objectives that one wishes to achieve (figure 5).
- the consequent structural texture again divided into three horizontal and vertical bands, shall thus be realised according to the process already described.
- through holes 18 and grooves or channels 17 are made, for the assembly of a skeleton structure 14 with rods 15 connected on the junctions N by joints 16, surrounding the window 12 (figure 6).
- the wall In the presence of a cavity inside the wall 11, for example hydraulic or venting ducts 19 (figures 7 and 9), the wall has a locally reduced thickness.
- the skeleton structure 14 can be placed adjacently to the outside of the residual masonry and/or structurally replace it. Where considered suitable (figure 7) the structure 14 can comprise additional diagonal rods 15', as well as be accompanied by a new and adjacent masonry part 11', also of low thickness, to coat the skeleton structure 14 on one face of the wall 1, which eases the anchoring to the existing wall.
- the joints 16 can be used to connect other skeleton structures, also textured in the same way but having a different depth to the main one.
- the rods 5, 15 of the skeleton structure 4, 14 shall usually be made from metal material, selected based upon the requirements.
- metal material selected based upon the requirements.
- any material can in general be used provided that, for its characteristics of rigidity, weight, workability and cost, is suitable for achieving the aforementioned objectives.
- elements made from wood or composite materials it is possible to use elements made from wood or composite materials.
- various constructive devices can be used, which take into account the connection requirements and the operating conditions for their insertion.
- the rods 5, 15 can have an overall T-shaped section, in practice consisting of two distinct semi-elements, each with an L-shaped section.
- the T-shaped section makes the rods 5 easier to insert into the grooves or channels 7, 17.
- said joint comprises four brackets 20, each rigidified by a triangular element 21 in which a slot 21a is formed near to the right angle of the bracket.
- brackets 20a are also formed for the connection with the rods 5, 15, in turn having suitable holes 28, through screw means (not represented).
- the joint also comprises a locking plate 22 with a quadrilateral profile, suitable for being arranged substantially coplanarly with the face of the wall 1 in which the channels 7, 17 are formed. From one side of the plate 22 four platelets 23 project in a off-centered manner. On the plateles 23, again with bolted connections (not represented), the brackets 20 are secured through the same connection elements also engaging with the rods 5, 15. For such a purpose, the platelets 23 have holes 23a suitable for corresponding with the holes 20a of the brackets 20. The platelets 23 also act, as shall be seen shortly, as shims between the brackets 20.
- a traverse 24, intended to connect two joints 6, 16 passing through a transversal hole 8, 18 of the wall 1, 11, comprises four tubular profiles 25, each with a section corresponding to the profile of the slots 21a and of the openings 22a.
- the four profiles 25 are connected together by spaced groups of clamps 26 suitably fixed onto the outer surfaces of the profiles, with the cooperation of cross-shaped plugs 27, arranged centrally, of which two at respective ends of the traverse 24, all intended to compose the same traverse 24 in a single element.
- the end plugs are smaller in size than that (or those) on the inside, thus defining, in cooperation with the profiles, a seat intended to engage with the brackets 20.
- the arms of such end plugs 27 thus, in practice, have the same thickness and side surfaces matching with the platelets 23, for the entire depth of the brackets 20.
- the joint is assembled in the following manner. Assuming that the rod 5, 15 that converges to the junction from below is already present, a first pair of brackets 20 is arranged in the space between the two semi-elements of the rod itself. The traverse 24 is then engaged, by inserting the tubular profiles 25 in the slots 21a of the brackets 20.
- the operation can be repeated at the other end of the traverse 24, i.e. at the opposite face of the wall 1, finally applying locking screws (not represented) to prevent a possible sliding of the traverse with respect to the plate 22 and brackets 20 assembly.
- Such screws are positioned axially in a central hole 22b of the plate 22.
- clamps 26 that connect the profiles 25 of the traverse 24 near to the ends shall be placed so as to constitute an abutment for the arms of the brackets 20, and a support for the cross-shaped plugs 27.
- Each end of the traverse 24 is tightly enclosed in extended cavities or pairs of cavities with configurations totally analogous, respectively, to the perimeter of the profiles 25 and of the plug 27.
- the plates 22 and the reinforcing elements 21 provide flexional rigidity between vertical and horizontal rods, whereas the engagements that are realised on the slots 21a and on the openings 22a allow the torsional and flexional connection between the rods and the traverse 24.
- brackets 20, the plate 22, the platelets 23 and the traverse 24, together with the plurality of bolts restore the vertical and horizontal continuity of the rods converging in the junction.
- Possible further bolted connections besides allowing diagonal rods 5, 15,to the fixed to the plate 22, can give the pairs of brackets greater rigidity also for flexion on transversal planes with respect to the faces of the wall 1, 11.
- the joint as a whole is thus able to rigidly connect both the rods 5, 15 that converge on a junction N coplanar to a face of the wall, and the rods that reach the same junction N crossing the wall through a hole 8 - i.e. the traverses 24 - all the above in the conditions envisaged by the proposed process, therefore in the presence of the wall and with the structure accessible only from its faces.
- the process can, indeed, be extended to the entire structure of any building (dwelling or otherwise), or be applied just to some masonry dividing walls or on simple portions of different walls, being, in particular, easly adjustable in order to follow different planimetric or ground configurations.
- the framework, junctions included, to that configuration can be used by adapting the framework, junctions included, to that configuration.
- the rods 5, 15 can clearly have a variable length according to the scanning carried out (a priori there is nothing to prevent a network texture that is denser, even only locally or else, for other cases, orientated diagonally).
- the surface of longitudinal rods do not necessarily have to be contained within the masonry thickness; in many cases, it is operatively possible or advantageous for this to be the case, as much as necessary to ease the connection by means of the transversal rods and to improve the integration effect with the base masonry work, both for structural and aesthetic purposes.
- the arrangement of the skeleton structure can also be carried out with the longitudinal rods completely outside the wall, in contact or spaced a part from the respective faces, and thus merely realising through holes in the masonry.
- connection between the two structures is thus modulated, even reducing it to the simple co-existence of one in parallel with the other. If an even closer connection is needed, the most suitable anchoring provisions can always be adopted.
- the surface framework also lends itself to such anchoring as well as to providing support for the application of further coatings, for example insulation systems.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention concerns the field of building. More specifically, it concerns a new process for consolidating and/or reinforcing masonry structures and the like, both for restructuring and repair interventions, and for new buildings.
- The prior art comprises intervention systems generally used in the structural recovery of masonry walls, above all in areas subject to seismic risk. In particular, apart from those methods that provide for the arrangement of layers of reinforced concrete on the two faces of a pre-existing masonry wall, it is known to actually insert beams and columns linked in frames to make more rigid or replace the masonry wall itself. Such methods, besides being rather burdensome in terms of costs, have drawbacks for the structures and the pre-existing materials, with various negative repercussions: difficulty should demolition or cutting be necessary, possible dishomogeneous response to stresses by the materials arranged together, assessment of the variations in physical and surface finish characteristics between one material and another, and a potential increase in loads.
- In general, therefore, the risk is incurred of changing the global behaviour of the structure or of the pre-existing material from various points of view. Further and recent techniques, based upon the use of composite materials (e.g. carbon fibre), closer to reinforced concrete and less invasive than the previous ones, whilst carrying out an extensive integration of the masonry walls, do not add structural elements to it; therefore, they cannot do without the requirements of structural efficiency of the wall support to which they are applied, nor can they replace it, with consequent limitation in use.
- The object of the present invention is that of overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, providing a process for the integration of wall-type structures, both during construction and in repair, which adds extensive rigidity still with a low degree of intervention on the base structure, and leaves the masonry wall's continuity as unaltered as possible, preserving the structural efficiency and the global characteristics of the materials and being more adjustable and versatile than known systems.
- In particular, in case of use for repair, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of the aforementioned type, which allows extensive demolition works to be avoided, and in any case limits the invasiveness of the interventions upon pre-existing structures, integrating their static behaviour through a rigid and extensive structure, preserving and using their mechanical capabilities, also permitting possible subsequent interventions on the final structure.
- Such object are accomplished with the process for consolidating and reinforcing wall structures and the like according to the present invention, the essential characteristics of which are defined in the attached
claim 1. - The process is substantially based upon the combination of two structures, one of the masonry type, possibly pre-existing, and the other forming an extensive skeleton. The size and arrangement of the skeleton structure, made up of single linear elements assembled together by means of repeatable and rigid joints, are derived from a mesh scanning carried out on the masonry wall so as to extensively cover it, and which therefore is a function of the geometry and composition thereof. According to the network and the nodes thus identified, on the faces of the wall and transversally, surface channels and through holes are formed, for linear elements of the skeleton and the relative connections to be inserted, together constituting a further general structural system in rigid frameworks with which the wall itself can participate.
- The masonry remains largely integral and absolutely prevalent in the assembly, given the small size of the linear elements composing the framework. This type of intervention also excludes extensive demolition or through cuts. The inserted structure, with rigid elements and connections, is such as to have its own autonomy.
- The characteristics and advantages of the process according to the present invention shall become clearer from the following description of an embodiment thereof, given as an example and not limitative, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
- figure 1 represents, in a schematic axonometric view, a portion of wall structure to be consolidated with the process according to the invention;
- figure 2 shows the portion of figure 1, from a different angle, after having undergone a first scanning step of the process;
- figure 3 represents, from the opposite side with respect to the previous figures, a skeleton structure intended for coupling with the portion of wall;
- figure 4 shows, like in figure 3, the skeleton structure mounted on the portion of wall;
- figures 5 to 7 represent a further exemplifying embodiment of the process, in respective subsequent steps;
- figures 8 and 9 are cros sections of the portion of wall of figures 5 to 7, respectively taken along lines VIII and IX of figures 5 and 6;
- figures 10 and 11 represent in a perspective view, respectively in an assembled and exploded configuration, an example of a joint of the skeleton structure according to the invention;
- figure 12 is a perspective view, in assembled configuration, of a different type of junction for angled joints; and
- figure 13 is a plan view from above of the junction of figure 12.
- The following description refers, as an example, to two possible applications: integration of an entire masonry wall of an ordinary dwelling (figures 1 to 4); intervention to frame an opening adjacent to a recess inside the wall (figures 5 to 9). In the first application a general criterion for configurating the additional structure is outlined.
- With reference to figures 1 to 4, a generic load bearing masonry wall 1 (figure 1), with a typical thickness of about 40 centimetres and defined by floors (not represented), has a broken planimetrical development and includes a
window 2 and adoor 3. According to the invention, a scanning of thewall 1 is carried out, so as to define a network R comprising meshes M that are typically quadrilateral like in the example, so that thewall 1 itself is extensively covered and geometrically reconstructed by said scanning. - The network is in practice obtained by squaring the
wall 1, on both sides, into meshes M, as a consequence of carring out a division of the same wall into at least three horizontal bands and, adopting the width of the bands as reference, according to vertical bands in a number such as to cover its extension, also in this case in a number of no less than three. The division is obviously further developed and/or adapted considering the specific characteristics of thewall 1, and in particular the need to suitably involve the end parts, the corners, the openings, recesses, cavities, columns, portions made from different materials and/or with different load situations and whatever else. Consequently, the squarings, and therefore the width and/or the number of bands are adjusted. - The meshes M, the vertexes of which are represented by nodes N, symmetrically define a plurality of flat regions on the two sides of the
wall 1. Considering the imaginary transversal connections CT between corresponding nodes N on the two sides, the three-dimensional drawing of the network R is completed. - The network R thus identifies a texture for an extensive skeleton structure 4 (figure 3), typically made from metal material, configured following the composition of the wall, with a depth that is never greater than the thickness of the
masonry wall 1. In particular, the skeleton structure 4 is formed from single linear elements orrods 5 of varying lengths, assembled in succession according to the aforementioned texture, and therefore rigidly connected, through ajoint system 6, preferably of a modular type, which shall be discussed later on, at the junctions N. Therods 5 thus precisely follow the shape of the meshes M and of the relative transversal connections CT. - The process according to the invention then comprises the step (figure 2) of forming, on the
wall 1, again carefully following the texture established by the network R, a series of channels orgrooves 7 and transversal throughholes 8 suitable for housing precisely therods 5 of the skeleton structure 4. More specifically, thegrooves 7 are intended to receive thelongitudinal rods 5, i.e. those to be arranged along the meshes M, whereas the throughholes 8 allow the insertion of the transversal rods along the connections CT. - As represented in figure 4, the subsequent step of the process consists precisely of the mounting of the structure 4 on the
wall 1 thus prepared. In the assembly thus obtained, the surface orlongitudinal rods 5 are arranged within, or immediately close to, the two opposite faces of thewall 1. Thetransversal rods 5, on the other hand, are intended for the connection between the two surface frameworks of the structure 4, jointly applying a consolidating and containment action. - When the
various rods 5 with therelative joints 6 are housed,grooves 7 andholes 8 are finally closed with suitable methods known in the field of masonry. A composite structure is thus actually realised in which the base masonry element and the skeleton structure 4 encase one another. The mutual arrangement and the branching of the structure 4 combine to extend their connection and collaboration. - The
wall 1 still keeps its core intact, which can therefore continue to carry out load bearing functions. The size and the spacing of theholes 8 induce a negligible weakening in the masonry structure, with effects that are incomparable with those deriving from through cuts or demolition. The load bearing capability is, however, integrated by the added skeleton structure 4. The latter, with single elements and joints with suitable characteristics and size can, indeed, assume its own load hearing function. - In any case, it is clear that a masonry portion surrounded by any square of the skeleton structure 4 realises a plugging effect, simulating the presence of a diagonal element. As shall been seen shortly, the skeleton structure 4 can, however, be integrated by actual diagonal rods, arranged inside a single square on a face of the
wall 1. - Now with reference to figures 5 to 9, in the case in which it is specifically needed to carry out the consolidation of a
wall 11 around awindow 12, the network R' of the wall shall be based upon a succession of meshes M' that define and surround the window itself, of variable width according to the structural and/or rigidity objectives that one wishes to achieve (figure 5). The consequent structural texture, again divided into three horizontal and vertical bands, shall thus be realised according to the process already described. Then, throughholes 18 and grooves orchannels 17 are made, for the assembly of askeleton structure 14 withrods 15 connected on the junctions N byjoints 16, surrounding the window 12 (figure 6). - In the presence of a cavity inside the
wall 11, for example hydraulic or venting ducts 19 (figures 7 and 9), the wall has a locally reduced thickness. Theskeleton structure 14 can be placed adjacently to the outside of the residual masonry and/or structurally replace it. Where considered suitable (figure 7) thestructure 14 can comprise additional diagonal rods 15', as well as be accompanied by a new and adjacent masonry part 11', also of low thickness, to coat theskeleton structure 14 on one face of thewall 1, which eases the anchoring to the existing wall. Finally, in the presence of recesses or projections in the masonry, thejoints 16 can be used to connect other skeleton structures, also textured in the same way but having a different depth to the main one. - As stated, the
rods skeleton structure 4, 14 shall usually be made from metal material, selected based upon the requirements. However, any material can in general be used provided that, for its characteristics of rigidity, weight, workability and cost, is suitable for achieving the aforementioned objectives. For example, it is possible to use elements made from wood or composite materials. As far as thejoints - As an example, an advantageous configuration is in any case proposed in figures 10 to 13, to which reference is made hereafter. Considering, for the sake of simplicity, using steel, the
rods rods 5 easier to insert into the grooves orchannels - In case of a flat junction, and therefore having a joint 6, 16 operating between
rods brackets 20, each rigidified by atriangular element 21 in which a slot 21a is formed near to the right angle of the bracket. In the two arms of eachbracket 20 holes 20a are also formed for the connection with therods suitable holes 28, through screw means (not represented). - The joint also comprises a locking
plate 22 with a quadrilateral profile, suitable for being arranged substantially coplanarly with the face of thewall 1 in which thechannels plate 22 fourplatelets 23 project in a off-centered manner. On theplateles 23, again with bolted connections (not represented), thebrackets 20 are secured through the same connection elements also engaging with therods platelets 23 haveholes 23a suitable for corresponding with the holes 20a of thebrackets 20. Theplatelets 23 also act, as shall be seen shortly, as shims between thebrackets 20. - On the
plate 22 fouropenings 22a are centrally defined that correspond to the slots 21a of the reinforcingelements 21 of thebrackets 20. Atraverse 24, intended to connect twojoints transversal hole wall tubular profiles 25, each with a section corresponding to the profile of the slots 21a and of theopenings 22a. The fourprofiles 25 are connected together by spaced groups ofclamps 26 suitably fixed onto the outer surfaces of the profiles, with the cooperation ofcross-shaped plugs 27, arranged centrally, of which two at respective ends of thetraverse 24, all intended to compose thesame traverse 24 in a single element. The end plugs, however, are smaller in size than that (or those) on the inside, thus defining, in cooperation with the profiles, a seat intended to engage with thebrackets 20. The arms of such end plugs 27 thus, in practice, have the same thickness and side surfaces matching with theplatelets 23, for the entire depth of thebrackets 20. - The joint is assembled in the following manner. Assuming that the
rod brackets 20 is arranged in the space between the two semi-elements of the rod itself. Thetraverse 24 is then engaged, by inserting thetubular profiles 25 in the slots 21a of thebrackets 20. - Then a
further bracket 20 is added, making it slide through the relative slot 21a of the reinforcingelement 21 along the correspondingprofile 25. Then, in the same way, the last bracket is arranged. Thereafter, theplate 22 is inserted, making it slide a little, through theopening 22a with which it is provided, so as to close the ends of theprofiles 25 and also placing theplatelets 23 between thebrackets 20 acting as shims/spacers. At the same time theend plug 27, slightly spaced apart from theprofiles 25 so as to allow the entry (between the plug and the profiles) of thebrackets 20, is completely enclosed and integrated by them. Finally, the remainingrods - The operation can be repeated at the other end of the
traverse 24, i.e. at the opposite face of thewall 1, finally applying locking screws (not represented) to prevent a possible sliding of the traverse with respect to theplate 22 andbrackets 20 assembly. Such screws are positioned axially in acentral hole 22b of theplate 22. - It should be noted how the
clamps 26 that connect theprofiles 25 of thetraverse 24 near to the ends shall be placed so as to constitute an abutment for the arms of thebrackets 20, and a support for the cross-shaped plugs 27. Each end of thetraverse 24 is tightly enclosed in extended cavities or pairs of cavities with configurations totally analogous, respectively, to the perimeter of theprofiles 25 and of theplug 27. Theplates 22 and the reinforcingelements 21 provide flexional rigidity between vertical and horizontal rods, whereas the engagements that are realised on the slots 21a and on theopenings 22a allow the torsional and flexional connection between the rods and thetraverse 24. Thebrackets 20, theplate 22, theplatelets 23 and thetraverse 24, together with the plurality of bolts restore the vertical and horizontal continuity of the rods converging in the junction. Possible further bolted connections, besides allowingdiagonal rods plate 22, can give the pairs of brackets greater rigidity also for flexion on transversal planes with respect to the faces of thewall - The joint as a whole is thus able to rigidly connect both the
rods plate 22 andbrackets 20 assembly can be premounted in a single group possibly stabilised with additional small perimetric plates, the actual mounting being in practice reduced to the engagement of thetraverse 24, in turn premounted, in the slots 21a aligned with theopenings 22a, and the subsequent insertion of the rods. - Besides the solution of a flat junction, with criteria totally similar to those described, solutions can be realised that allow the structure to follow the corners of a masonry wall, as shown in figures 12 and 13 in which components identical or similar to those already introduced are indicated at the same reference numeral. In such a case, the various components shall have shapes modified as a consequence of the geometry to be followed. In particular, it should be noted how the reinforcing
elements 21 of thebrackets 20 can be more suitably angled for a better distribution of stresses. Necessarily, theplates 22, whilst still conserving their function, shall be shaped according to the inner and outer faces of the angle to be followed. The slots 21a andopenings 22a shall have contours deriving from the angle with which they are met by the profiles of thetraverse 24. However, the joint, and the structure deriving from it, still can be realised and applied according to the above menctioned procedures. - Returning to the general characteristics of the process according to the invention, the same can clearly also be applied in more general cases than those exemplified. In a totally analogous way to that which has already been described and according to the specific requirements, the process can, indeed, be extended to the entire structure of any building (dwelling or otherwise), or be applied just to some masonry dividing walls or on simple portions of different walls, being, in particular, easly adjustable in order to follow different planimetric or ground configurations. In case of specific structures, for example in a masonry vault, it can be used by adapting the framework, junctions included, to that configuration. The
rods - Finally, the surface of longitudinal rods do not necessarily have to be contained within the masonry thickness; in many cases, it is operatively possible or advantageous for this to be the case, as much as necessary to ease the connection by means of the transversal rods and to improve the integration effect with the base masonry work, both for structural and aesthetic purposes. Especially in case of pre-existing masonry, the arrangement of the skeleton structure can also be carried out with the longitudinal rods completely outside the wall, in contact or spaced a part from the respective faces, and thus merely realising through holes in the masonry.
- The connection between the two structures is thus modulated, even reducing it to the simple co-existence of one in parallel with the other. If an even closer connection is needed, the most suitable anchoring provisions can always be adopted. The surface framework also lends itself to such anchoring as well as to providing support for the application of further coatings, for example insulation systems.
- No particular difficulty is posed by the crossing of a floor for the passage of the
rods - The same restoring interventions of the masonry structure can take place in a more targeted, and presumably reduced, manner, considering for example the role of masonry walls as diagonal elements in the single meshes. Without losing its validity, the process according to the invention thus allows the new skeleton structure to be combined with other and ordinary types of intervention on the masonry walls themselves.
- In fresh projects it is again possible to conceive a supporting structure like the skeleton structure 4 and combine it with a masonry wall with the advantage of being able to balance such a combination of structures. In such a case, with it remaining possible to give the load bearing function to the skeleton structure, and the filling function to the masonry wall, both can be optimised in order to achieve the most suitable masonry-structure cooperations, actually realising structural groups that can be changed through time, according to the intended use of the construction.
- Applications of the process are then possible both in the field of fresh structures and, in particular, in the consolidation of existing structures, above all when one wishes to recover or conserve both mechanical and physical characteristics, or in all cases in which the intervention criteria described above prove themselves to be adequate.
- The fact that the skeleton structure 4 is realised modularly, i.e. with the repetition of only two types of foundamental elements (rods and joints), clearly constitutes the basis for promoting the production and marketing of systems aimed at a specific use for the process described above.
- Variants and/or modifications can be brought to the process for consolidating or reinforcing masonry structures or the like according to the present invention, without for this reason departing from the scope of protection of the invention itself as defined by the attached claims.
Claims (13)
- Process for consolidating or reinforcing a masonry wall (1) characterised in that it comprises the following steps: scanning both faces of said masonry wall (1), in a congruent manner, according to a network (R) defining meshes (M) and nodes (N), extending over at least one area of said wall; forming in said wall (1) transversal through holes (8) between corresponding nodes (N) of the network (R) on the two faces; arranging a skeleton structure (4) comprising a plurality of single rigid linear elements (5) of various lengths, to be framed in succession according to said network, and rigid joints (6) for connecting said linear elements at said nodes (N); mounting said skeleton structure (4) on said masonry wall (1), placing said linear elements (5) on said faces in accordance with said networks and using said transversal through holes (8) to connect, through further linear elements (5), said skeleton structure (4) between said faces.
- The process according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of surface channels (7) suitable for at least partially housing said linear elements are formed in said faces, along the sides of said meshes (M).
- The process according to claim 2, wherein said channels are formed so as to house said linear elements (5) of said skeleton structure in a substantially flush manner.
- The process according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said surface channels are closed so as to at least partially cover said skeleton structure.
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said skeleton structure also comprises one or more diagonal linear elements arranged inside a single mesh (M) on a face of said masonry wall.
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein an additional masonry part (11') is realised that at least partially coats said skeleton structure at least on a face of said masonry wall (1).
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said joints are realised through a reduced number of sectional modular elements.
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said skeleton structure is made from metal material.
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said joints are suitable for allowing the connection to said skeleton structure of additional elements projecting from said faces of said masonry wall.
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein each of said joints comprises a generally plate-shaped assembly for being placed substantially coplanar with a face of said masonry wall, and for realising a bolted connection with said linear surface elements, and a sliding connection with said transversal linear elements.
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said linear elements have a doubled structure with an overall T-shaped cross section.
- The process according to claim 11, wherein said plate-shaped assembly comprises four brackets, each reinforced by a triangular element in which a slot is formed near to the right angle of the bracket, holes being formed in the two arms of each bracket for connection with said linear elements, said assembly also comprising four off-centered platelets each placed between a pair of adjacent brackets, said reinforced brackets and said platelets generally defining an engagement seat for the sliding engagement of a transversal linear element consisting of a traverse comprising four tubular profiles each with a section corresponding to the profile of said slots, connected to each other in a spaced manner.
- The process according to any one of the previous claims, wherein said masonry wall is a pre-existing structure to be consolidated.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT04013553T ATE364115T1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | METHOD FOR SOLIDIFICATION OR REINFORCEMENT OF MASONRY STRUCTURES AND THE LIKE |
DE602004006849T DE602004006849T2 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | Method for solidifying or reinforcing masonry structures and the like |
EP04013553A EP1607547B1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | Process for consolidating or reinforcing masonry structures and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04013553A EP1607547B1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | Process for consolidating or reinforcing masonry structures and the like |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1607547A1 true EP1607547A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
EP1607547B1 EP1607547B1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
Family
ID=34925302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04013553A Not-in-force EP1607547B1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | Process for consolidating or reinforcing masonry structures and the like |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1607547B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE364115T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004006849T2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101852021A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2010-10-06 | 武汉大学 | Liner body structure reinforcing method |
US7934347B2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2011-05-03 | Paul Brienen | Coupling beam and method of use in building construction |
ITMI20102375A1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-23 | Uab Leonardo Gef Baltic Gef | DIATONAL BOX MODULE FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES FOR A MULTIDIRECTIONAL ACTIVE CONFINEMENT |
ITBO20110327A1 (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-08 | Res In Tec Italia S R L | METHOD TO STRENGTHEN BUILDING WORKS AND REINFORCED WORKS SO OBTAINED |
ITBO20110611A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-04-29 | Uab Leonardo Gef Baltic Gef | METHOD FOR REINFORCING A WALL AND CORRESPONDING STRUCTURE REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM |
IT201700084460A1 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-25 | Mario Moronesi | SYSTEM FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE BEARING WALLS |
CN113356627A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-07 | 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Friction sliding reinforcing structure of existing building and construction method thereof |
Citations (5)
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GB2249120A (en) * | 1991-01-26 | 1992-04-29 | Executive Insulation | Structural repair process |
GB2298889A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-18 | Itw Ltd | Wall tie |
GB2302896A (en) * | 1995-07-01 | 1997-02-05 | William George Edscer | Arch reinforcement |
DE20104518U1 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2001-06-28 | Motiee Tehrani Mehran | Pliers system for existing houses against earthquakes |
EP1170440A1 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-09 | STAP-Representaçao, Consolidaçao e Modificaçao de Estruturas, S.A. | Process of strenghthening masonry walls |
-
2004
- 2004-06-09 DE DE602004006849T patent/DE602004006849T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-09 AT AT04013553T patent/ATE364115T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-09 EP EP04013553A patent/EP1607547B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB2249120A (en) * | 1991-01-26 | 1992-04-29 | Executive Insulation | Structural repair process |
GB2298889A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-18 | Itw Ltd | Wall tie |
GB2302896A (en) * | 1995-07-01 | 1997-02-05 | William George Edscer | Arch reinforcement |
EP1170440A1 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-09 | STAP-Representaçao, Consolidaçao e Modificaçao de Estruturas, S.A. | Process of strenghthening masonry walls |
DE20104518U1 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2001-06-28 | Motiee Tehrani Mehran | Pliers system for existing houses against earthquakes |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7934347B2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2011-05-03 | Paul Brienen | Coupling beam and method of use in building construction |
CN101852021A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2010-10-06 | 武汉大学 | Liner body structure reinforcing method |
ITMI20102375A1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-23 | Uab Leonardo Gef Baltic Gef | DIATONAL BOX MODULE FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES FOR A MULTIDIRECTIONAL ACTIVE CONFINEMENT |
ITBO20110327A1 (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-08 | Res In Tec Italia S R L | METHOD TO STRENGTHEN BUILDING WORKS AND REINFORCED WORKS SO OBTAINED |
ITBO20110611A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-04-29 | Uab Leonardo Gef Baltic Gef | METHOD FOR REINFORCING A WALL AND CORRESPONDING STRUCTURE REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM |
EP2586935A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-01 | UAB "Leonard, Gef Baltic, Gef" | Method for reinforcing a wall structure and corresponding reinforcement system |
IT201700084460A1 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-25 | Mario Moronesi | SYSTEM FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE BEARING WALLS |
CN113356627A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-07 | 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Friction sliding reinforcing structure of existing building and construction method thereof |
CN113356627B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-07-19 | 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Friction sliding reinforced structure of existing building and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE364115T1 (en) | 2007-06-15 |
DE602004006849T2 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
EP1607547B1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
DE602004006849D1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
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