EP1606383A1

EP1606383A1 - Detergent or cleaning agent

Info

Publication number: EP1606383A1
Application number: EP04721184A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alexander Lambotte; Ulrich Pegelow; Johannes Zippel
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 2003-03-25
Filing date: 2004-03-17
Publication date: 2005-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 2024-03-17
Also published as: WO2004085597A1; ATE430189T1; DE10313457A1; EP1606383B1; ES2324612T3; US20060122089A1; DE502004009419D1; PL1606383T3

Abstract

A detergent or cleaning agent comprising a dispersion of solid particles in a dispersion agent wherein the dispersion is comprised of, based on the total weight of the dispersion (a) from 10 to 65 wt % dispersing agent and (b) from 30 to 90 wt % of dispersed materials, wherein the density is greater than 1.040 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>. This composition can be easily formed into tablets.

Description

Washing or cleaning agents

This application relates to detergents or cleaners. In particular, this application relates to detergents or cleaners of high density.

Detergents or cleaners are now available to the consumer in a variety of forms. In addition to washing powders and granules, this offer also includes, for example, detergent concentrates in the form of extruded or tabletted compositions. These fixed, concentrated or compressed forms of supply are characterized by a reduced volume per dosing unit and thus reduce the costs for packaging and transport. In particular, the washing or cleaning agent tablets additionally meet the consumer's desire for simple dosing. The corresponding means are comprehensively described in the prior art.

Apart from the described solid forms, detergents or cleaners can also be formulated as gels or pastes.

Thus, issued European patent EP 331 370 (Unilever) discloses a process for the preparation of stable, viscous liquid compositions for use in automatic dishwashers.

The subject of European patent EP 797 656 (Unilever) are non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions containing polymeric hydrotropes.

For the packaging of solid or liquid washing or cleaning agents, in particular, water-soluble or water-dispersible films are also suitable, among other materials. The detergent packaged in this way to individual dosage units can easily by inserting one or more bags directly into the washing machine or dishwasher or in the Einspülkammer, or by throwing in a predetermined amount of water, for example in a bucket or Handwasch- or Sink, to be dosed. Such packaged detergents and cleaners are the subject of numerous publications.

For example, the granted European patent EP 700989 B1 claims a unitarily packaged detergent for dishwashing, wherein the unit-packaged detergent is encased in a package of a water-soluble material which is tacky on its outside. The application WO 02/16222 (Reckitt-Benckiser) discloses water-soluble packaging for aqueous detergent compositions whose free water content is at least 3% by weight.

The subject of WO 02/16541 (Reckitt-Benckiser) are liquid detergent compositions having a water content between 20 and 50 wt .-%, which are packaged in a water-soluble or water-dispersible material, having at least one polyphosphate builder and by a certain ratio of in the Agent contained potassium and sodium ions are characterized.

Despite the numerous publications in the field of detergents or cleaning agents, there remains a need for improving the cleaning performance of these agents, in particular while maintaining or reducing the amounts of washing or cleaning substances used per washing or cleaning cycle.

A first object of the present invention was to improve the cleaning performance of detergents or cleaners. The aim was both to improve the removal of soiling and to increase the effect of additives such as glass or silver protectants.

Another object of the present invention was to provide a high density detergent or cleaning agent which simultaneously has high solubility. Solid washing or cleaning agents should continue to have a high dimensional stability and a low tendency to breakage. Such high-density detergents or cleaning agents occupy a reduced volume in relation to a metering unit and are therefore compatible with a larger number of metering chambers of commercially available washing machines or dishwashers.

Finally, a ready-made form for washing or cleaning agents should be provided, which can be processed in a simple manner shaping. In particular, limitations with regard to the spatial form of the ready-made means, as they are typical for example for confectioning processes such as tabletting, should be avoided.

It has now been found that at least some of the stated objects can be solved by washing or cleaning agent dispersions which have a high density. A first subject of the present application is therefore a washing or cleaning agent, in the form of a dispersion of solid particles in a dispersion medium, which, based on their total weight, i) 10 to 65 wt .-% dispersant and ii) 30 to 90 wt. % dispersed materials, characterized in that the dispersion has a density above 1.040 g / cm ³ .

As dispersion in this application a system of several phases is referred to, one of which is dispersed continuously (dispersion medium) and at least one further (dispersed substances).

Particularly preferred detergents or cleaners according to the invention are characterized in that they contain the dispersant in amounts above 11% by weight, preferably above 13% by weight, more preferably above 15% by weight, most preferably above 17% by weight. and in particular above 19 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the dispersion. Also feasible and also preferred are agents according to the invention which have a dispersion with a proportion by weight of dispersant above 20% by weight, preferably above 21% by weight and in particular above 22% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the dispersion. The maximum content of preferred dispersions of dispersants according to the invention, based on the total weight of the dispersion, is preferably less than 63% by weight, preferably less than 57% by weight, more preferably less than 52% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 47 Wt .-% and in particular less than 37 wt .-%. In the context of the present invention, preference is given in particular to detergents or cleaners which, based on their total weight, contain dispersants in amounts of from 12 to 62% by weight, preferably from 17 to 49% by weight and in particular from 23 to 38% by weight. % contain.

The dispersants used are preferably water-soluble or water-dispersible. The solubility of these dispersants at 25 ° C. is preferably more than 200 g / l, preferably more than 300 g / l, more preferably more than 400 g / l, very preferably between 430 and 620 g / l and especially between 470 and 580 g / l.

Suitable dispersants in the context of the present invention are preferably the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers, in particular the water-soluble or water-dispersible nonionic polymers. The dispersant may be both a single polymer and mixtures of various water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dispersant or at least 50% by weight of the polymer mixture consists of water-soluble or water-dispersible nonionic polymers the group of polyvinylpyrrolidones, vinylpyrrolidone / inylester copolymers, cellulose ethers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol.

Polyvinylpyrrolidones are preferred dispersants in the invention. Polyvinylpyrrolidones [poly (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinones)], abbreviation PVP, are polymers of the general formula (!)

which are prepared by free-radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone by the method of solution or suspension polymerization using free-radical initiators (peroxides, azo compounds) as initiators. The ionic polymerization of the monomer provides only low molecular weight products. Commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidones have molar masses in the range of about 2500-750000 g / mol, which are characterized by the specification of the K values and - depending on the K value - have glass transition temperatures of 130-175 °. They are called white, hygroscopic powder or aqueous. Solutions offered. Polyvinylpyrrolidones are readily soluble in water and a variety of organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glacial acetic acid, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenols and the like).

Vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl ester copolymers, as sold, for example, under the trademark Luviskol ^® (BASF). Luviskol ^® VA 64 and Luviskol ^® VA 73, each vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers are particularly preferred non-ionic polymers.

The vinyl ester polymers are polymers obtainable from vinyl esters with the grouping of the formula (II)

-CH ₉ - CH -

I o

IO ^ ^ R (||) as a characteristic building block of the macromolecules. Of these, the vinyl acetate polymers (R = CH ₃ ) with polyvinyl acetates by far the most important representatives of the greatest technical importance.

The polymerization of the vinyl esters is carried out free-radically by different processes (solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization,

Bulk polymerization.). Copolymers of vinyl acetate with vinylpyrrolidone contain monomer units of the formulas (I) and (II)

Cellulose ethers, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, Hydro yethylcellulose and

Methylhydroxypropylcellulose, as for example sold under the trademarks Culminal ^® and Benecel ^® (AQUALON).

Cellulose ethers can be described by the following general formula

R is H or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or alkylaryl radical. In preferred products, at least one R in formula is -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -OH or -CH ₂ CH ₂ -OH. Cellulose ethers are produced industrially by etherification of alkali cellulose (eg with ethylene oxide). Cellulose ethers are characterized by the average degree of substitution DS or the molar degree of substitution MS, which indicate how many hydroxyl groups of an anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose reacted with the etherifying reagent or how many moles of the etherifying agent were attached on average to an anhydroglucose unit. Hydroxyethylcellu loose are from a DS of about 0.6 bzi. an MS of about 1 water-soluble. Commercially available hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl celluloses have degrees of substitution in the range of 0.85-1.35 (DS) and 1.5-3 (MS), respectively. Hydroxyethyl and - propylcelluloses are marketed as yellowish-white, odorless and tasteless powders in widely varying degrees of polymerization. Hydroxyethyl and propylcelluloses are soluble in cold and hot water as well as in some (hydrous) organic solvents but insoluble in most (anhydrous) organic solvents; their aqueous solutions are relatively insensitive to changes in pH or electrolyte addition.

Polyvinyl alcohols, referred to as PVAL for short, are polymers of general structure [-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -] _n

in small proportions also structural units of the type

[-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH (OH) -CH ₂ ]

contain. Since the corresponding monomer, the vinyl alcohol, is not stable in free form, polyvinyl alcohols are prepared via polymer-analogous reactions by hydrolysis, but in particular technically by alkaline catalyzed transesterification of polyvinyl acetates with alcohols (preferably methanol) in solution. By these technical methods also PVAL are accessible, which contain a pre-definable residual portion of acetate groups.

Commercially available PVOH (eg Mowiol ^® grades from Hoechst) are supplied as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of about 500 to 2500 (corresponding to molecular weights of about 20,000 to 100,000 g / mol) in trade and have different degrees of hydrolysis from 98-99 and 87-89 mole%, respectively. So they are partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates with a residual content of acetyl groups of about 1-2 or 11-13 mol%.

Suitable polyalkylene glycols are, in particular, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols. Polymers of ethylene glycol, those of general formula III

H- (O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ) _n -OH IH)

satisfy, where n can assume values between 1 (ethylene glycol) and several thousand. For polyethylene glycols there are various nomenclatures that can lead to confusion. Technically common is the indication of the average relative molecular weight following the indication "PEG", so that "PEG 200" characterizes a polyethylene glycol having a relative molecular weight of about 190 to about 210. For cosmetic ingredients, a different nomenclature is used, in which the abbreviation PEG is hyphenated and directly followed by the hyphen followed by a number corresponding to the number n in the abovementioned formula VII. According to this nomenclature (known as INCI nomenclature, CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, ^5th Edition, The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Washington, 1997), for example, PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-9 , PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14 and PEG-16. Commercially available polyethylene glycols are, for example, under the trade name Carbowax ^® PEG 200 (Union Carbide), Emkapol ^® 20O (ICI Americas), Lipoxol ^® 20O MED (Huls America), polyglycol ^® E-200 (Dow Chemical), Alkapol ^® PEG 300 (Rhone - Poulenc), Lutrol ^® E300 (BASF) and the corresponding yarns with higher numbers. The average relative molecular weight of at least one of the dispersants used in the detergents or cleaners according to the invention, in particular at least one of the poly (alkylene) glycols used, is preferably between 200 and 36,000, preferably between 2O0 and 6,000 and particularly preferably between 300 and 5,000.

Polypropylene glycols (abbreviated PPG) are polymers of propylene glycol which are of general formula IV

H- (O-CH-CH ₂ ) "- OH (IV)

I CH ₃

suffice, where n can take values between 1 (propylene glycol) and several thousand. Of particular importance here are di-, tri- and tetra-propylene glycols, i. the representatives with n = 2, 3 and 4 in formula IV.

Particularly preferred washing or cleaning agents according to the invention contain as dispersing agent a nonionic polymer, preferably a poly (alkylene) glycol, preferably a poly (ethylene) glycol and / or a poly (propylene) glycol, wherein the weight fraction of the poly (ethylene) glycol on the total weight of all dispersing agents is preferably between 10 and 90% by weight, more preferably between 30 and 80% by weight and in particular between 50 and 70% by weight. Particular preference is given to washing or cleaning agents according to the invention in which the dispersing agent is more than 92% by weight, preferably more than 94% by weight, more preferably more than 96% by weight, very particularly preferably more than 98 wt .-% and in particular to 100 wt .-% of a poly (alkylene) glycol, preferably poly (ethylene) glycol and / or poly (propylene) glycol, but in particular consists poly (ethylene) glycol. Dispersing agents which, in addition to poly (ethylene glycol), also contain poly (propylene) glycol, preferably have a ratio of the weight fractions of poly (ethylene) glycol to poly (propylene) glycol between 40: 1 and 1: 2, preferably between 20: 1 and 1: 1, more preferably between 10: 1 and 1, 5: 1 and in particular between 7: 1 and 2: 1 on.

Further preferred dispersants are the nonionic surfactants, which are used alone, but particularly preferably in combination with a nonionic polymer.

As nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 Mol used ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue can be linear or methyl branched preferably in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 - alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C ^ -π alcohol containing 7 EO, C _13- i5-alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ₁₂ i8 alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C ₂ i ₈ alcohol containing 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

In addition, as further nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially methyl-branched in the 2-position aliphatic radical having from S to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.

Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (V)

_R 1

I

R-CO-N- [Z] (V) in which RCO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups , The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula

R ¹ -0-R ²

R-CO-N- [Z]

in the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or a Aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein Cι- alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred and [ZI] is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives this rest.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.

Low-fade nonionic surfactants are used as preferred surfactants. With particular preference, the machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention contain nonionic surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols. The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 C atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they usually in Oxoalkoholresten available. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols, for example C _12- ι -AlkohoIe include with 3 EO or 4 EO, n-alcohol with 7 EO, C _13- i ₅ alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of ι _2- ι ₄ -alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow ranks ethoxyiates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols containing more than 2 EO can also be used. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 E≡O.

Particular preference is given to compositions according to the invention which comprise a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature. Accordingly, preferred dishwashing detergents are characterized in that they contain nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C., preferably above 25 ° C., more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C. and in particular between 26.6 and 43, 3 ° C, included.

Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If highly viscous nonionic surfactants are used at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.

Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature are from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants. In addition, such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are distinguished by good foam control.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant which consists of the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol with S to 20 C atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, particularly preferably at least 15 mol, in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged. A particularly preferred solid at room temperature, non-ionic surfactant is selected from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C _16th ₂₀ alcohol), preferably a C ₁₈ alcohol and at least 12 mole, preferably at least 15 mol and recovered in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide , Of these, the so-called "narrow framework ethoxyiates" (see above) are particularly preferred.

Accordingly, particularly contain (s) the / preferred dishwashing detergent according to the invention ethoxylated (s) nonionic surfactant selected from C _{_6-20} or C _6-20 alkylphenols or monohydroxyalkanols Cιe- ₂ 0- fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 mol and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol was recovered (n).

The nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule. Preferably, such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from. Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units. The alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants. Preferred dishwashing detergents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule contain up to 25% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Surfactants are included.

More particularly preferred nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight. -% of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.

Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ^® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.

A further preferred dishwashing detergent according to the invention contains nonionic surfactants of the formula (VI)

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O] _x [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _y [CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² ], (VI) in which R ^{1 is} a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R ² denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1, 5 and y is a value of at least 15.

Other preferred nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j OR ²

in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value x ≥ 2, each R ³ in the above formula may be different. R ¹ and R ² are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred. For the radical R ³ , H, -CH ₃ or -CH ₂ CH _{3 are} particularly preferred. Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.

As described above, each R ³ in the above formula may be different if x ≥ 2. As a result, the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied. For example, when x is 3, the radical R ³ can be selected to form ethylene oxide (R ³ = H) or propylene oxide (R ³ = CH ₃ ) units which may be joined in any order, for example (EO) ( PO) (EO), (EO) (EO) (PO), (EO) (EO) (EO), (PO) (EO) (PO), (PO) (PO) (EO) and (PO) ( PO) (PO). The value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, the range of variation increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,

Particularly preferred end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) alcohols of the above formula have values of k = 1 and j = 1, so that the above formula is to

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ OR ² simplified. In the latter formula, R, R ² and R ^{3 are} as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and especially from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R ¹ and R ^{2 have} 9 to 14 C atoms, R ^{3 is} H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.

Summarizing the latter statements, dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred, the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _J OR ²

in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, x is n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, surfactants of the type

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ OR ²

in which x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.

In the context of the present invention, particularly preferred nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units. Among these, in turn, surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows. Maschinelle dishwashing compositions according to the invention which contain surfactants of the general formula VII as nichionic surfactant (s) are preferred here

R ¹ -O- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _w - (CH ₂ -CH-O) _x - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _y - (CH ₂ -CH-O) _z -H

(VII)

I i

R ² R ³

in which R ¹ is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C ₆ - ₂ alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R ² or R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ ; -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and the indices w, x, y, z independently of one another are integers from 1 to 6. The preferred nonionic surfactants of formula VII can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R ¹ -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide. The radical R ¹ in formula VII above may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. When native sources are used, the radical R ^{1 has} an even number of carbon atoms and is usually undisplayed, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred. Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. Irrespective of the type of alcohol used to prepare the nonionic surfactants contained in the compositions according to the invention, automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention are preferred in which R ¹ in formula VII is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms.

As the alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide. But also other alkylene oxides in which R ² or R ^{3 are} independently selected from - CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ or CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ are suitable. Preferred automatic dishwashing agents are characterized in that R ² and R ³ are each a residue -CH ₃ , w and x independently of one another for values of 3 or 4 and y and z independently of one another represent values of 1 or 2.

In summary, nonionic surfactants are particularly preferred for use in the inventive compositions, the C ₉ . ₁₅ alkyl having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units. These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.

Further preferred nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula (VIII)

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x R ² (VIII)

in which R ^{1 represents} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{2 represents} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably between 1 and have 5 hydroxy groups and are preferably further functionalized with an ether group, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, Is ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl, x is between 1 and 40.

In particularly preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula (XIII), R ^{3 is} H. In the resulting end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula (IX)

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x R ² (IX)

In particular those nonionic surfactants are preferred in which R ^{1 is} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably have between 1 and 5 hydroxyl groups and x stands for values between 1 and 40.

In particular, those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants are preferred, which according to the formula (X)

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² (X)

in addition to a radical R ¹ , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, furthermore a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical with 1 have up to 30 carbon atoms R ² , which is a monohydroxylated intermediate group - CH ₂ CH (OH) - adjacent. x in this formula, values between 1 and 40. Such end-capped Poty (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of a terminal epoxide of formula R ² CH (0) CH ₂ with an ethoxylated alcohol of the formula R can be, for example, by reacting ¹ 0 [CH ₂ CH ₂ 0] _x-1 CH ₂ CH ₂ OH.

The stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the Hersteliverfahren commercial products of the formulas mentioned are usually not from an individual representative, but from mixtures, which can result in both the C chain lengths and for the degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation averages and resulting broken numbers. Particularly preferred detergents or cleaners according to the invention comprise as dispersant at least one nonionic surfactant, preferably at least one end-capped polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant, wherein the weight fraction of the nonionic surfactant in the total weight of all dispersants preferably between 1 and 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 2 and 50 wt .-% and in particular between 3 and 40 wt.% Is. Particular preference is given to detergents or cleaners according to the invention in which the total weight of the nonionic surfactant (s) in the total weight of the composition according to the invention is between 0.5 and 40% by weight, preferably between 1 and 30% by weight preferably between 2 and 25 and in particular between 2.5 and 23% by weight.

Preferred washing or cleaning agents according to the invention are characterized in that at least one dispersing agent has a melting point above 25 ° C., preferably above 35 ° C. and in particular above 40 ° C. Thus, such agents, for example, a dispersant having a melting point above 26 ° C, or oberhal b 27 ° C, or above 28 ° C, or above 29 ° C, or above 30 ° C, or above 31 ° C. , or above 32 ° C, or above 33 ° C, or above 34 ° C, or above 35 ° C, or oberhal b 36 ° C, or above 37 ° C, or above 38 ° C. , or above 39 ° C, or above 40 ° C, or above 41 ° C, or above 42 ° C, or above 43 ° C, or above 44 ° C, or above 45 ° C, or above 46 ° C, or above 47 ° C, or above 48 ° C, or above 49 ° C, or contain above 50 ° C. Particularly preferred is the use of dispersants having a melting point or melting range between 30 and 80 ° C, preferably between 35 and 75 ° C, more preferably between 40 and 70 ° C and in particular between 45 and 65 ° C, these dispersants, based on the total weight of the dispersants used, a weight fraction above 10 wt .-%, preferably above 40 wt .-%, more preferably above 70 wt.% And in particular between 80 and 100 wt .-%.

Preferred agents according to the invention are dimensionally stable at 20 ° C. .As dimensionally stable means according to the invention which have an intrinsic dimensional stability, which enables them under normal conditions of manufacture, storage, transport and handling by the consumer occupy a non-disintegrating spatial form, said spatial form under the conditions mentioned above longer time, preferably 4 weeks, more preferably, 8 weeks and especially 32 weeks, not altered, that is under the usual conditions of manufacture, storage, transport and handling by the consumer in the spatially geometric shape due to the preparation remains, that is, does not melt away. In a further preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention contain at least one dispersant having a melting point below 15 ° C., preferably below 12 ° C. and in particular below 8 ° C. Particularly preferred dispersions ittel have a melting range between 2 and 14 ° C, in particular between 4 and 10 ° C. Based on the total weight of the dispersants, the proportion by weight of the composition according to the invention to these low-melting dispersants, ie to dispersants having a melting point below 15 ° C., is preferably more than 30% by weight, preferably more than 50% by weight, particularly preferably between 70 and 100% by weight, very particularly preferably between 80 and 98% by weight and in particular between 88 and 96% by weight. Compositions according to the invention with a proportion of such low-melting dispersants may be flowable. At 20 ° C flowable detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention are particularly preferred in the context of the present invention. Preferred detergents or cleaners are characterized in that the dispersion is a liquid (20 ° C.), preferably a liquid having a viscosity (Brookfield LVT-II viscosimeter at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3 ) from 50 to 100,000 mPas, preferably 100 to 50,000 mPas, particularly preferably from 200 to 10,000 mPas and in particular from 3O0 to 5000 mPas.

Within the scope of the present application, all substances which are solid at room temperature or are active in washing or cleaning, but especially washing or cleaning substances from the group of builders (builders and co-builders), detergents or cleaning polymers, bleaching agents, and bleaches are suitable as dispersed substances activators, glass corrosion inhibitors, silver protectants and / or enzymes.

In the context of the present application, the builders include, in particular, the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and-where there are no ecological prejudices against their use-also the phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula MaMSi _x 0 _{2x +} ι Η ₂ 0, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ O _s ' yH ₂ O are preferred.

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which are dissolution-delayed and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can in various ways, for example by Surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or caused by over-drying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood as meaning "X-ray-narnorphic". This means that in X-ray diffraction experiments, the silicates do not give sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of diffraction angle; respectively. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates also have a dissolution delay compared with the conventional water glasses. Particularly preferred are compacted / grain pacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.

In the context of the present invention, preferred washing and cleaning agents are characterized in that these silicates (e), preferably alkali metal silicates, particularly preferably crystalline or amorphous alkali disilicates, are present in amounts of from 10 to 60% by weight, preferably from 15 to 50% by weight. -% and in particular from 20 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.

When the inventive compositions are used as machine dishwashing detergents, these compositions preferably comprise at least one crystalline, layered silicate of the general formula NaMSi _x 0 _{2x +} ι 'y H ₂ 0 wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22, preferably from 1.9 to 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33. The crystalline layer-form silicates of the formula (I) are obtained, for example, from the company Clarϊant GmbH

(Germany) under the trade name Na-SKS, for example Na-SKS-1 _(Na2 SI22 45 ^xH 2 ⁰ 'kenyaite), Na-SKS-2 (Na ₂ Si ₁₄ O ₂ g-χH ₂ 0, magadiite), Na-SKS-3 (Na ₂ Si _g 0 ₁₇ -H ₂ 0) or Na-SKS-4 (Na ₂ Si ₄ 0g xH ₂ 0, makatite).

Particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention are agents which contain crystalline sheet silicates of the formula (I) in which x is 2. Of these are especially suitable

Na-SKS-5 (α-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ), Na-SKS-7 (β-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ , natrosilitol), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ -H ₂ O), N / A-

SKS-10 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ -3H ₂ 0, kanemite), Na-SKS-11 (T-Na ₂ Si ₂ 0 ₅₎ and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi ₂ 0 _5), but in particular Na-SKS 6 (δ-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ). An overview of crystalline phyllosilicates can be found eg in the article published in "Soap-Oils-Fats-Waxes, Volume 116, No. 20/1990" on pages 805-808.

In the context of the present application, preferred automatic dishwashing detergents or automatic dishwashing assistants have a weight fraction of the crystalline layered silicate of the formula (I) of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15 and in particular from 0.4 to 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of these agents on. Particular preference is given to those automatic dishwashing detergents which have a total silicate content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 4% by weight, most preferably less than 3% by weight. % and in particular less than 2.5 wt .-%, wherein it is in this silicate, based on the total weight of the silicate contained, preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80 wt .-% and in particular at least 90 wt .-% silicate of the general formula NaMSi _x 0 _{2x + 1} 'y H ₂ 0 is.

The finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite ith used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P zeolite MAP ^® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. Also suitable, however, are zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P. Commercially available and preferably usable in the context of the present invention is, for example, a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), which is sold by the company CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ^® and by the formula

nNa ₂ 0 ^• (1-n) K ₂ 0 ^• Al ₂ 0 ₃ '(2 - 2,5) Si0 ₂ ' (3,5-5,5) H ₂ 0

can be described. The zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular compound, as well as to a kind of "powdering" the entire mixture to be pressed, whereby usually both ways for incorporating the Zeolϊths be used in the premix. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

Of course, a use of the well-known phosphates as builders is possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. This applies in particular to the use of agents according to the invention as automatic dishwasher detergents, which is particularly preferred in the context of the present application. Among the large number of commercially available phosphates, the alkali metal phosphates have particular preference of pentasodium or Pentakaliumtriphosphat (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate) in the detergent and cleaner industry the most important.

Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HP0 ₃ ) _n and orthophosphoric H ₃ P0 _{4 in} addition to higher molecular weight representatives. The phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent limescale deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and, moreover, contribute to the cleaning performance.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH ₂ P0, exists as dihydrate (density 1.91 like ^"3 , melting point 60 °) and as monohydrate (density 2.04 like ^{" 3} ). Both salts are white, very soluble in water powders, which lose the water of crystallization on heating and at 20O ° C in the weak acid diphosphate (disodium hydrogenated phosphate, Na ₂ H ₂ P ₂ 0 ₇ ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na ₃ P ₃ 0 ₉ ) and Maddrell's salt (see below), Q pass. NaH ₂ P0 _{4 is} acidic; It arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium phosphate primary or monobasic phosphate, potassium biphosphate, KDP), KH ₂ P0 ₄ , is a white salt of density 2.33 ^"3 , has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO ₃ ) _x ] and is slightly soluble in water.

Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na ₂ HPO ₄ , is a colorless, very slightly water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 moles (density 2.066 like ^"3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 moles (density 1.68 like ^{" 3} , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ 0) and 12 moles water ( Density 1.52 ^"3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ 0), becomes anhydrous at 100 ° and on more intense heating in the diphosphate Na ₄ P ₂ 0 _7. Disodium hydrogen phosphate is by neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate solution under Use of phenolphthalein as an indicator Dicalihydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K ₂ HP0 ₄ , is an amorphous, white salt that is readily soluble in water.

Trisodium phosphate, sodium tertiary phosphate, Na ₃ P 0, are colorless crystals which have a density of 1, 62 ^"3 and a melting point of 73-7 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P ₂ 0 ₅ as dodecahydrate ) have a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P ₂ 0 ₅ ) have a density of 2.536 like ^"3 . Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water under alkaline reaction and is prepared by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mole of disodium phosphate and 1 mole of NaOH. Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), KsP0, is a white, deliquescent, granular powder of Density 2.56 likes ^"3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is easily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction, eg when heating Thomas slag with carbon and potassium sulphate Despite the higher price, in the detergent industry the more easily soluble, Therefore, highly effective, potassium phosphates over corresponding sodium compounds many times preferred.

Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 like ^"3 , melting point 988 °, also indicated 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1.815-1, 836 like ^{" 3} , melting point 94 ° under loss of water). For substances are colorless, in water with alkaline reaction soluble crystals. Na ₄ P ₂ 0 ₇ arises when heating disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dewatered by spraying. The decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness agents and therefore reduces the hardness of the water. Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), KP ₂ 0 ₇ , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder of density 2.33 ^{"3" 3} which is soluble in water, the pH of the 1% solution being 25 ° is 10.4.

Condensation of the NaH ₂ P0 or the KH ₂ P0 ₄ gives higher mol. Sodium and potassium phosphates, in which one can distinguish cyclic representatives, the sodium or Kaliummetaphosphate and chain types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates. In particular, for the latter are a variety of names in use: hot or cold phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrolsches and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.

The technically important pentasodium triphosphate, Na ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (sodium tripolyphosphate), is an anhydrous or with 6 H ₂ 0 crystallizing, non-hygroscopic, white, water-soluble salt of the general formula NaO- [P (0) (ONa) -0] _n -Na with π = 3. In 100 g of water dissolve at room temperature about 17 g, at 60 ° about 20 g, at 100 ° around 32 g of the salt water-free salt; after two hours of heating the solution to 100 ° caused by hydrolysis about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate. In the preparation of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dehydrated by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentakaliumtriphosphat, K ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (potassium tripolyphosphate), for example, in the form of a 50 wt .-% solution (> 23% P ₂ 0 ₅ , 25% K ₂ 0) in the trade. The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates, which are also included in the context of can be used in the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzed sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:

(NaPO ₃ ) ₃ + 2 KOH - Na ₃ K ₂ P ₃ O ₁₀ + H ₂ O

These are used according to the invention exactly as sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two; Mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can also be used according to the invention.

In the context of the present invention, preferred agents are characterized in that these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or. Pentakaliumtriphosphat (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), in amounts of 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 15 to 75 wt .-%, in particular from 20 to 70 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent , contain.

Particular preference is given to those agents according to the invention in which the weight ratio of potassium tripolyphosphate present in the composition to sodium tripolyphosphate is more than 1: 1, preferably more than 2: 1, preferably more than 5: 1, more preferably more than 10: 1 and in particular more than 20: 1. Particular preference is given to those dispersions according to the invention which contain exclusively potassium tripolyphosphate.

Further builders are the alkali carriers. Suitable alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the alkali silicates mentioned, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, preference being given to using alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention. Particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate. Also particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate.

Particularly preferred detergents and cleaning agents contain carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonates, more preferably sodium carbonate, in amounts of from 2 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight and in particular 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent. As organic cobuilders, it is possible in particular to use polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, further organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates in the detergents and cleaners according to the invention. These classes of substances are described below.

Useful organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood as meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.

The acids themselves can also be used. In addition to their builder action, the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.

Further suitable builders are polymeric polycarboxylates, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.

Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10 000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group. Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution. The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the compositions is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve the water solubility, the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.

Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units, for example those which are salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or the salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallyl sulfonic acid and of sugar derivatives as monomers contain.

Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

Also to be mentioned as further preferred builders polymeric Aminodicar onsäuren, their salts or their precursors. Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and.

Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Further suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes. Preferably, it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. It is a polysaccharide with a Dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, especially from 2 to 30 is preferred, where DE is a common measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DEΞ of 100. Customary ar are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molecular weights in the range of 2000 to 30,000 g / mol.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate, are other suitable co-builders. In this case, ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Also preferred in this context are glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates. Suitable amounts are in zeolithhaltigen and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.

Other useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.

Another class of substances with cobuilder properties is the phosphonates. These are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9). Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriarnine pentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, eg. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP used. The builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, it may be preferable to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned. In addition, all compounds capable of forming complexes with alkaline earth ions can be used as co-builders.

Detergent compositions according to the invention may furthermore contain, as dispersed substances, washing or cleaning-active polymers. The Grup ppe of these polymers include, for example, the rinse aid polymers and / or as softeners effective polymers.

Effective polymers as softeners are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing polymers which are used with particular preference in the compositions according to the invention.

Particularly preferred as Suldonsäuregruppen-containing polymers are copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally other ionic or nonionic monomers.

In the context of the present invention, unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formula XI are preferred as the monomer,

R ¹ (R ² ) C = C (R ³ ) COOH (XI),

in the R ¹ to R ^3, independently of one another, denote -H-CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or - COOR ⁴ , wherein R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Among the unsaturated carboxylic acids which can be described by the formula XI are in particular acrylic acid (R ¹ = R ² = R ³ = H), methacrylic acid (R ¹ = R ² = H, R ³ = CH ₃ ) and / or maleic acid (R ¹ = COOH; R ² = R ³ = H) is preferred.

In the sulfonic acid-containing monomers, those of the formula XII are preferred,

R ⁵ (R ⁶ ) C = C (R ⁷ ) -X-S0 ₃ H (XII),

in the R ⁵ to R ⁷ independently of one another are -H-CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH ₂ , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or for -COOH or - COOR ⁴ , where R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is an optionally present spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - where n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and -C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -.

Preferred among these monomers are those of the formulas XIIa, XIIb and / or XIIIc,

H ₂ C = CH-X-SO ₃ H (XIIa),

H ₂ C = C (CH ₃ ) -X-SO ₃ H (XIIb),

H0 ₃ SX- (R ⁶ ) C = C (R ⁷ ) -X-S0 ₃ H (XIIc),

in which R ⁶ and R ^{7 are} independently selected from -H, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = O to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -O (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and - C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -.

Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid (X = -C (O) NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) in formula XIIa), 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid (X = -C ( 0) NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ in formula XIa), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (X = -C (O) NH-CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ - in formula XIIa), 2-Methacrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (X = -C (O) NH-CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ - in formula XIIb), 3-methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (X = -C (0 ) NH-CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ - in formula XIIb), allylsulfonic acid (X = CH ₂ in formula XIIa), methallylsulfonic acid (X = CH ₂ in formula XIIb), allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid (X = -CH ₂ -O-C ₆ H ₄ - in formula XIIa), methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid (X = -CH ₂ -O-C ₆ H ₄ - in formula XIIb), 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene sulfonic acid (X = CH ₂ in formula XIIb), styrenesulfonic acid (X = C ₆ H ₄ in formula XIIa), vinylsulfonic acid (X not present in formula XIIa), 3-sulfopropyl acrylate (X = -C (O) NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - in formula XIIa), 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate (X = -C (O) NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - in formula XII), sulfomethacrylamide (X = - C (O) NH- in formula XIIb), sulfomethyl ethacrylamide ( X = -C (0) MH-CH ₂ - in formula XIIb) and water-soluble salts of said acids.

Suitable further ionic or nonionic monomers are, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The content of the monomers used according to the invention to monomers of group iii) is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer. Particularly preferred polymers to be used consist only of monomers of groups i) and ii).

In summary, copolymers are made of i) unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formula XI.

R ¹ (R ² ) C = C (R ³ ) COOH (XI),

in the R ¹ to R ³ independently of one another are -H-CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH ₂ , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or - COOR ⁴ , where R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

ii) sulfonic acid group-containing monomers of the formula XII

R ⁵ (R ⁶ ) C = C (R ^r ) -X-S0 ₃ H (XII),

in the R ⁵ to R ⁷ independently of one another are -H-CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH ₂ , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or - COOR ⁴ , wherein R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is a optionally present spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (0) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and -C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -

iii) optionally further ionic or nϊchtionogenen monomers

particularly preferred ingredients of the washing or cleaning compositions of the invention.

Particularly preferred copolymers consist of

i) one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid

ii) one or more sulfonic acid group-containing monomers of the formulas XIIa, XIIb and / or XIIIc: H ₂ C = CH-X-SO ₃ H (XII a),

H ₂ C = C (CH ₃ ) -X-SO ₃ H (XI I b),

H0 ₃ SX- (R ⁶ ) C = C (R ⁷ ) -X-S0 ₃ H (XI I c),

in which R ⁶ and R ^{7 are} independently selected from -H, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (0) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and - C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -

iii) optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers.

The copolymers may contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and, if appropriate, iii) in varying amounts, all representatives from group i) being able to be combined with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii) , Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.

For example, laundry detergent or detergent compositions of the invention are preferred, which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers, the structural units of the formula XIII

- [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XIII)

in which m and p are in each case an integer from 1 to 2000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y represents -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - stands, are preferred.

These polymers are prepared by copolymerization of acrylic acid with a sulfonic acid-containing acrylic acid derivative. When the acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained whose use in the washing or cleaning composition according to the invention is also preferred and characterized in that the preferred detergent or cleaner compositions comprise one or more copolymers containing structural units of the formula XIV

- [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) COOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XIV), in which m and p are in each case an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group which is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - are, are preferred.

Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized completely analogously with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed. Thus, inventive washing or

Detergent compositions containing one or more copolymers which have structural units of the formula XV

- [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XV),

in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Υ is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y represents -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - Also preferred is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, just as detergent or detergent compositions which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers which contain structural units of the formula XVI are preferred

- [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) COOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XVI),

in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and V is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y represents -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - stands, are preferred.

Instead of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid or in addition thereto, maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i). This results in inventively preferred detergent compositions which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers which contain structural units of the formula XVII - [H00CCH-CHC00H] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Υ-SO ₃ H] _p - (XVII),

in which m and p are in each case a whole natural number between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group which is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - are, are preferred and to detergent or cleaning compositions, which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers, the structural units of the formula XVIII

- [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) O-Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XVIII),

in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group which is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - are, are preferred.

In summary, washing or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention which contain one or more copolymers which contain structural units of the formulas XIII and / or XIV and / or XV and / or XVI and / or XVII and / or XVIII are preferred

- [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XIII)

- [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) COOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XIV),

- [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XV),

- [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XVII),

- [H 00 CCH -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) O-Y-SO ₃ H] _p - (XVIII),

in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y represents -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - stands, are preferred.

In the polymers, the sulfonic acid groups may be wholly or partially in neutralized form, that is, the acidic acid of the sulfonic acid group in some or all of them Sulfonic acid groups can be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular against sodium ions. Appropriate washing or

Detergent compositions which are characterized in that the sulfonic acid groups are present in the copolymer partially or fully neutralized are erfindungsgennäß preferred.

The monomer distribution of the copolymers used in the detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention in the case of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii) is preferably in each case from 5 to 95% by weight i) or ii), particularly preferably from 50 to 90 % By weight of monomer from group i) and from 10 to 50% by weight of monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.

In the case of terpolymers, particular preference is given to those containing from 20 to 85% by weight of monomer from group i), from 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and from 5 to 30% by weight of monomer from group iii) ,

The molecular weight of the above-described sulfo-copolymers used in the detergent or cleaner compositions of the present invention can be varied to tailor the properties of the polymers to the desired end use. Preferred washing or cleaning compositions are characterized in that the copolymers have molecular weights of 2000 to 200,000 gmol ^"1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol ^{" 1} and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol ^"1 .

Preferred agents according to the invention, which are used as automatic dishwashing agents, may further comprise amphoteric or cationic polymers as dispersed substances to improve the rinse-off result. These particularly preferred polymers are characterized by having at least one positive charge. Such polymers are preferably water-soluble or water-dispersible, that is, they have a solubility in water at 25 ° C above 10 mg / ml.

Particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit of the general formula

R ¹ (R ² ) C = C (R ³ ) R ⁴

in the R ¹ to R ⁴ independently of one another are -H-CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH ₂ , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above, a heteroatomic group having at least one positively-ground group, a quaternized nitrogen atom or at least one amine group with a positive charge in the pH range between 2 and 11 or -COOH or -COOR ⁵ , wherein R ^{5 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Examples of the above-mentioned (unpolymersized) monomer units are diallylamine, methyldiallylamine, dimethyldimethylammonium salts, acrylamidopropyl (trimethyl) ammonium salts (R ¹ , R ² , and R ³ , H, R ⁴ = C (O) NH (CH ₂ ) ₂ N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₃ X ^"" ),

Methacrylamidopropyl (trimethyl) ammonium salts (R ¹ and R ² = H, R ³ = CH ₃ H, R ⁴ = C (O) NH (CH ₂ ) ₂ N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₃ X-).

Particularly preferred as part of the amphoteric polymers are unsaturated carboxylic acids of the general formula

R ¹ (R ² ) C = C (R ³ ) COOH

used in which R ¹ to R ^{3 are} independently -H-CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with - NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is - COOH or -COOR ⁴ , wherein R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Particularly preferred amphoteric polymers contain as monomer units derivatives of diallylamine, in particular dimethyldiallylammonium salt and / or

Methacrylarnidopropyl (trimethyl) ammonium salt, preferably in the form of the chloride, bromide, iodide, hydroxide, phosphate, sulfate, hydrosulfate, ethylsulfate, methyl sulfate, mesylate, tosylate, formate or acetate in combination with monomer units from the group of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids.

The dispersions according to the invention can furthermore contain bleaches as dispersed substances. Among the compounds which serve as bleaches and deliver water H ₂ O ₂ , sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ 0 ₂ -yielding peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, or Phthaloiminopersäure

Diperdodecanedioic. Detergents according to the invention can also bleaches from the Group of organic bleaches included. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples being the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid

[Phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2- Decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronate) can be used.

As bleaching agents in the dispersions I according to the invention it is also possible to use chlorine or bromine-releasing substances. Among the suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials are, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or

Dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or salts thereof with cations such as potassium and sodium into consideration. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.

Preferred dispersions according to the invention comprise bleaching agents in amounts of from 1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 30% by weight and in particular from 5 to 20% by weight, in each case based on the total dispersion.

If the agents according to the invention are used as automatic dishwashing detergents, they may furthermore contain bleach activators as dispersed substances in order to achieve an improved bleaching effect on cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C. and below. As bleach activators, it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylene diamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso- NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

Other bleach activators preferably used in the context of the present application are compounds from the group of cationic nitriles, in particular cationic nitrile of the formula

R ¹

I

R ^{2 is} -N ⁽⁺⁾ - (CH ₂ ) -CN X ^H ,

I

R ³

in the R ^{1 is} -H, -CH ₃ , a C _2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical, a substituted C _2-2 alkyl or alkenyl radical having at least one substituent from the group -Cl, -Br, - OH, -NH _2, -CN, an alkyl or alkenylaryl radical with a C _-24 alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl- or alkenylaryl radical with a C _1-24 alkyl group and at least one further substituent on the aromatic ring, R ² and R ^{3 are} independently selected from -CH ₂ -CN, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -OH , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ - CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH (OH) -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , - (CH ₂ CH ₂ -O) _π H where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and X is an anion.

In particularly preferred inventive agents is a cationic nitrile of the formula

R ⁴

R ^{5 is} -N ⁽⁺⁾ - (CH ₂ ) -CN X ^w ,

I

R ⁶

in which R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ^{6 are} independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , where R ^{4 can} additionally also be -H and X is an anion, where preferably R ⁵ = R ⁶ = -CH ₃ and in particular R ⁴ = R ⁵ = R ⁶ = -CH ₃ and compounds of the formulas (CH ₃ ) ₃ N ^{( +)} CH ₂ -CN X ^" , (CH ₃ CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X ^" , (CH ₃ CH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X ^" , (CH ₃ CH (CH ₃ )) ₃ N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X ^" , or (HO-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X are particularly preferred, whereby from the group of these substances turn the cationic nitrile of the formula (CH ₃ ) ₃ N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X ^" , in which X ^{" is} an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) or Xylene sulfonate is selected, is particularly preferred. Other suitable bleach activators are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylene-diamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, scylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5- Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA) and acetylated sorbitol and mannitol or mixtures thereof (SORMAN), acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetylfruktose, tetraacetylxylose and octaacetyllactose as well as acetylated, if appropriate N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam. Hydrophilic substituted acyl acetals and acyl lactams are also preferably used. Combinations of conventional bleach activators can also be used. The bleach activators are usually used in automatic dishwashing detergents in amounts of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.25 to 15% by weight and in particular from 1 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the composition. In the context of the present invention, the stated proportions relate to the weight of the agent without the water-soluble or water-dispersible container.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, so-called bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the compositions. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.

If, in addition to the nitrile quats, further bleach activators are to be used, preference is given to bleach activators from the group of the polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (US Pat. N- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl-morpholinium acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA), preferably in amounts of up to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, especially 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-% based on the total weight of the dispersion used. Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes, in particular having the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (amrinine) Complexes of the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount up to 5 wt .-%, in particular of 0.0025 wt % to 1 wt.% and particularly preferably from 0.01 wt.% to 0.25 wt.%, in each case based on the total agent. But in special cases, more lead activator can be used.

Another important criterion for the evaluation of a machine dishwashing detergent, apart from its cleaning performance, is the visual appearance of the dry dishes after cleaning. Possibly occurring calcium carbonate deposits on dishes or in the machine interior, for example, affect customer satisfaction and thus have causal influence on the economic success of such a detergent. Another long-standing problem in automatic dishwashing is the corrosion of glassware, which can usually manifest itself by the appearance of turbidity, scrape and scratches but also by iridescence of the glass surface. The observed effects are based essentially on two processes, the escape of alkali and Erdelkaliionen from the glass in conjunction with a hydrolysis of the silicate network, on the other hand in a deposition of silicate compounds on the glass surface.

The stated problems can be solved with the dispersions according to the invention if certain glass corrosion inhibitors are incorporated into the compositions in addition to the abovementioned mandatory and optionally optional ingredients. Preferred agents according to the invention therefore furthermore comprise, as dispersed material, glass corrosion protection agents, preferably from the group of magnesium and / or zinc salts and / or magnesium and / or zinc complexes.

A preferred class of compounds that can be added to the compositions of the invention to prevent glass corrosion are insoluble zinc salts. These can accumulate on the glass surface during the dishwashing process, preventing the dissolution of metal ions from the glass network and the hydrolysis of the silicates. In addition, these insoluble zinc salts also prevent the deposition of silicate on the glass surface, so that the glass is protected from the consequences described above.

Insoluble zinc salts in the context of this preferred embodiment are zinc salts which have a solubility of a maximum of 10 grams of zinc salt per liter of water at 20 ° C. Examples of particularly preferred insoluble zinc salts according to the invention are zinc silicate, zinc carbonate, Zinc oxide, basic zinc carbonate (Zn ₂ (OH) ₂ CO ₃ ), zinc hydride, zinc oxalate, zinc monophosphate (Zn ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ), and zinc pyrophosphate (Zn ₂ (P ₂ 0 ₇ )).

The zinc compounds mentioned are preferably employed in the compositions according to the invention in amounts which have a content of the zinc ions of between 0.02 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5.0% by weight and in particular between 0.2 and 1.0 wt .-%, each based on the agent effect. The exact content of the agent on the zinc salt or zinc salts is of course dependent on the type of Zϊnksalze - the less soluble the zinc salt used, the higher should be its concentration in the inventive compositions.

Since the insoluble zinc salts remain largely unchanged during the Geschirreinigungsvorgangs, the particle size of the salts is a criterion to be observed, so that the salts do not adhere to glassware or machine parts. Here, preference is given to aqueous liquid dishwashing detergents according to the invention in which the insoluble zinc salts have a particle size of less than 1.7 mm.

If the maximum particle size of the insoluble zinc salts is below 1.7 mm, insoluble residues in the dishwasher are not to be feared. Preferably, the insoluble zinc salt has an average particle size which is clearly below this value in order to further minimize the risk of insoluble residues, for example an average particle size of less than 250 μm. Again, this is even more true the less the zinc salt is soluble. In addition, the glass corrosion inhibiting effectiveness increases with decreasing particle size. For very poorly soluble zinc salts, the average particle size is preferably below 100 microns. For still less soluble salts, it may be even lower; For example, average particle sizes below 100 μm are preferred for the very poorly soluble zinc oxide.

Another preferred class of compounds are magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of at least one monomeric and / or polymeric organic acid. The effect of this is that even with repeated use, the surfaces of glassware do not change corrosively, in particular, no turbidity, streaks or scratches, but also iridescence of the glass surfaces are not caused.

Although according to the invention all magnesium and / or zinc ointment of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids may be contained in the claimed agents, as described above, the magnesium and / or zinc salts of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids are selected from the groups of unbranched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, the branched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, the saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the aromatic mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids, the sugar acids, the hydroxy acids, the oxo acids, the amino acids and / or the polymeric carboxylic acids are preferred. Within these groups, the acids mentioned below are again preferred in the context of the present invention:

From the group of unbranched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids: methanoic acid (formic acid), ethanoic acid (acetic acid), propionic acid (propionic acid), pentanoic acid (valeric acid), hexanoic acid (caproic acid), heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), octanoic acid (caprylic acid), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), Decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), eicosanoic acid (arachidic acid), docosanoic acid (behenic acid), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid) , Hexacosanoic acid (cerotic acid), triacotinic acid (melissinic acid), 9c-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid), 6c-octadecenoic acid (petroselinic acid), 6t-octadecenoic acid (petroselaidinic acid), 9c-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid), 9t-octadecenoic acid (elaidic acid), 9c, 12c Octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), 9t, 12t-octadeca dienoic acid

(Linolaidic acid) and 9c, 12c, 15c-octadecatenic acid (linolenic acid).

From the group of the branched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids: 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-propylheptanoic acid, 2-butyloctanoic acid, 2-pentylnonanoic acid, 2-hexyldecanoic acid, 2-heptylundecanoic acid, 2-octyldodecanoic acid, 2-nonyltridecanoic acid, 2-decyltetradecanoic acid, 2-undecylpentadecanoic acid, 2-dodecylhexadecanoic acid, 2-tridecylheptadecanoic acid, 2-tetradecyloctadecanoic acid, 2-pentadecylnonadecanoic acid, 2-hexadecyleicosanoic acid, 2-heptadecylheneicosanoic acid.

From the group of unbranched saturated or unsaturated di- or tricarboxylic acids: propanedioic acid (malonic acid), butanedioic acid (succinic acid), pentanedioic acid (glutaric acid), hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), heptanedioic acid (pimelic acid), octanedioic acid (suberic acid), nonanedioic acid (azelaic acid), decanedioic acid ( Sebacic acid), 2c-butenedioic acid (maleic acid), 2t-butenedioic acid (fumaric acid), 2-butynedicarboxylic acid (acetylenedicarboxylic acid).

From the group of aromatic mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids: benzoic acid, 2-carboxybenzoic acid (phthalic acid), 3-carboxybenzoic acid (isophthalic acid), 4-carboxybenzoic acid (terephthalic acid), 3,4-dicarboxybenzoic acid (trimellitic acid), 3,5 -Dicarboxylicbenzoic acid (Trimesionsäure).

From the group of sugar acids: galactonic acid, mannonic acid, fructonic acid, arabinonic acid, xylonic acid, ribonic acid, 2-deoxy-ribonic acid, alginic acid. From the group of hydroxy acids: hydroxyphenylacetic acid (mandelic acid), 2-hydroxypropionic acid (lactic acid), malic acid (malic acid), 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (tartaric acid), 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (citric acid) , Ascorbic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid).

From the group of oxo acids: 2-oxopropionic acid (pyruvic acid), 4-oxo-pentanoic acid (levulinic acid).

From the group of amino acids: alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine.

From the group of polymeric carboxylic acids: polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers,

Alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers.

The spectrum of the inventively preferred zinc salts of organic acids, preferably organic carboxylic acids, ranging from salts which are difficult or insoluble in water, ie a solubility below 100 mg / L, preferably below 10 mg / L, in particular have no solubility, to such salts having a solubility in water above 100 mg / L, preferably above 500 mg / L, more preferably above 1 g / L and in particular above 5 g / L (all solubilities at 20 ° C water temperature). The first group of zinc salts includes, for example, the zinc nitrate, the zinc oleate and the zinc stearate; the group of soluble zinc salts includes, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate:

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one zinc salt, but no magnesium salt of an organic acid, which is preferably at least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid, more preferably a zinc salt selected from zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate , Zinc lactate and / or Zinkeitrat acts. Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.

A preferred agent in the context of the present invention contains zinc salt in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 4% by weight and in particular from 0.4 to 3% by weight, or Zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn ²⁺ ) in amounts of from 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight and in particular from 0.04 to 0.2% by weight. %, in each case based on the total weight of the dispersion.

If the dispersions according to the invention are used as dishwashing detergents, then these detergents may contain corrosion inhibitors for the protection of the items to be washed or the machine as dispersed substances, with silver protectants in particular being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, silver protectants selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Particularly preferred to use are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole. Examples which may be mentioned of the 3-amino-5-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles which are preferably used according to the invention include: 5-propyl, -butyl, -pentyl, -heptyl, -octyl, Nonyl, decyl, indodecyl, dodecyl, isononyl, versatic-10-alkyl, phenyl, p-tolyl, (4-tert-butylphenyl) -, - ( 4-methoxyphenyl) -, - (2-, -3-, 4-pyridyl) -, - (2-thienyl) -, - (5-methyl-2-furyl) -, - (5-oxo-2- pyrrolidinyl) -, 3-amino-1,2,3,4-triazole. In dishwashing detergents, the alkylamino-1,2,4-triazoles or their physiologically tolerated salts are present in a concentration of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.0025 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0, 01 to 0.04 wt .-% used. Preferred acids for salt formation are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, sulphurous acid, organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, glycolic, citric, succinic acid. Especially effective are 5-pentyl, 5-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 5-Un ecyl, 5-lsononyl, 5-Versatic-10-acid-alkyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and Mixtures of these substances.

In addition, cleaner formulations often contain active chlorine-containing agents which can markedly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface. In chlorine-free cleaners are particularly oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, eg. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Also, salt and complex inorganic compounds, such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used. Preferred here are the transition metal salts which are selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, more preferably the cobalt (ammin) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) Complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and of manganese sulfate. Also, zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.

Instead of or in addition to the silver protectants n described above, for example the benzotriazoles, redox-active compounds can be used in the dispersions according to the invention Substances are used. These substances are preferably inorganic redox-active substances from the group of manganese, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, cobalt and cerium salts and / or complexes, wherein the metals preferably in one of the oxidation states II, III , IV, V or VI.

The metal salts or metal complexes used should be at least partially soluble in water. The counterions suitable for salt formation comprise all customary mono-, di- or tri-positively negatively charged inorganic anions, eg. As oxide, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, but also organic anions such. Stearate.

Metal complexes in the context of the invention are compounds which consist of a central atom and one or more ligands and optionally additionally one or more of the above-mentioned. Anions exist. The central atom is one of the o.g. Metals in one of the above Oxidation states. The ligands are neutral molecules or anions that are mono- or polydentate; The term "ligand" within the meaning of the invention is e.g. in "Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, 9th edition, 1990, page 2507" explained in more detail. If, in a metal complex, the charge of the central atom and the charge of the ligand (s) do not add up to zero, either one or more of the above may be provided, depending on whether there is cationic or anionic charge excess. Anions or one or more cations, e.g. As sodium, potassium, ammonium ions, for the charge balance. Suitable complexing agents are e.g. Citrate, acetylacetonate or 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate.

The definition of "oxidation state" common in chemistry is e.g. in "Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, 9th edition, 1991, page 3168" reproduced.

Particularly preferred metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnS0 ₄ , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxyethane-1,1- diphosphonate], V ₂ 0 ₅ , V ₂ 0 ₄ , V0 ₂ , TiOS0 ₄ , K ₂ TiF ₆ , K ₂ ZrF ₆ , CoSO ₄ , Co (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ce (NO ₃ ) ₃ and mixtures thereof. so that preferred automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention are characterized in that the metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnS0 ₄ , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxy-ethane

1,1-diphosphonate], V ₂ 0 _5, V ₂ 0 _4, V0 _2, TiOS0 _4, K ₂ TiF _6, K ₂ ZrF _6, cos 0, Co (N0 ₃₎ _2, Ce (N0 _3). ₃

In these metal salts or metal complexes are generally commercially available substances that can be used for the purpose of silver corrosion protection without prior purification in the compositions of the invention. For example, this is from the S0 ₃ -Herstellung

(Contact method) known mixture of pentavalent and tetravalent vanadium (V ₂ 0 ₅ , V0 ₂ , V ₂ 0 ₄ ) as well as titanyl sulfate resulting from diluting a Ti (S0 ₄ ) ₂ solution, TiOSO ₄ .

The inorganic redox-active substances, in particular metal salts or metal complexes are preferably coated, i. completely coated with a waterproof, but easily soluble in the cleaning temperatures material to prevent their premature decomposition or oxidation during storage. Preferred coating materials, which are applied by known methods, such as Sandwik from the food industry, are paraffins, microwaxes, waxes of natural origin such as carnauba wax, candellila wax, beeswax, higher melting alcohols such as hexadecanol, soaps or fatty acids. The coating material, which is solid at room temperature, is applied in the molten state to the material to be coated, e.g. in that finely divided material to be coated is spun in continuous stream through a likewise continuously produced spray zone of the molten coating material. The melting point must be chosen so that the coating material easily dissolves or melts during the silver treatment. The melting point should ideally be in the range between 45 ° C and 65 ° C and preferably in the range 50 ° C to 60 ° C.

The metal salts and / or metal complexes mentioned are in the dispersions of the invention, in particular automatic dishwashing agents, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 2.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of Dispersion included.

Agents according to the invention may contain enzymes as dispersed substances to increase the washing or cleaning performance, it being possible in principle to use all enzymes established for this purpose in the prior art. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaners, which are preferably used accordingly. Agents according to the invention preferably contain enzymes in total amounts of 1 × 10 ^-6 to 5 weight-percent based on active protein The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.

Among the proteases, those of the subtilisin type are preferable. Examples include the subtilisϊne BPN 'and Carlsberg, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline Protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY, and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K, and the proteases TW3 and TW7, which are assigned to the subtilases but no longer to the subtilisins in the narrower sense. Subtilisin Carlsberg in a developed form under the trade names Alcalase ^® from Novozymes A / S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. The subtilisins 147 and 309 are sold under the trade names EΞsperase ^®, or Savinase ^® from Novozymes. From the protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483 derived under the name BLAP ^® variants are derived.

Other usable proteases are, for example, under the trade names Durazym ^®, relase ^®, Everlase® ^®, Nafizy, Natalase ^®, Kannase® ^® and Ovozymes ^® from Novozymes, under the trade names Purafect ^®, Purafect ^® OxP and Properase.RTM ^® by the company Genencor, that under the trade name Protosol® ^® from Advanced Biochemicals Ltd., Thane, India, under the trade name Wuxi ^® from Wuxi Snyder Bioproducts Ltd., China, under the trade names Proleather® ^® and protease P ^® by the company Amano Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, and the enzyme available under the name Proteinase K-16 from Kao Corp., Tokyo, Japan.

Examples of amylases which can be used according to the invention are the α-amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from B. amyloliquefaciens or from β. stearothermophilus and their improved for use in detergents and cleaners further developments. The enzyme from ß. licheniformis is available from Novozymes under the name Termamyl ^® and from Genencor under the name Purastar® ^® ST. Development products of this α- amylase are available from Novozymes under the trade names Duramyl ^® and Termamyl ^® ultra, from Genencor under the name Purastar® ^® OxAm and from Daiwa Seiko Inc., Tokyo, Japan, as Keistase ^®. The α-amylase from B. amyloliquefaciens is marketed by Novozymes under the name BAN ^®, and derived variants from the α- amylase from B. stearothermophilus under the names BSG ^® and IMovamyl ^®, likewise from Novozymes.

Furthermore, for this purpose, the α-amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from β. agaradherens (DSM 9948).

In addition, the enhancements available under the trade names Fungamyl.RTM ^® by Novozymes of α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae and A. nJger are suitable. Another commercial product is, for example, the amylase ^LT® . Compositions according to the invention may contain lipases or cutinases, in particular because of their triglyceride-cleaving activities, but also in order to generate in situ peracids from suitable precursors. These include, for example, the originally obtainable from Humico / a lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuginosus), or further developed lipases, in particular those with the amino acid substitution D96L. They are for example marketed by Novozymes under the trade names Lipolase ^®, Lipolase Ultra ^®, LipoPrime® ^®, Lipozyme® ^® and Lipex ^®. Furthermore, for example, the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humiccla insolens. Likewise useable lipases are available from Amano under the designations Lipase CE ^®, Lipase P ^®, Lipase B ^®, or lipase CES ^®, Lipase AKG ^®, Bacillis sp. ^Lipase® , Lipase ^AP® , Lipase M- ^AP® and Lipase ^{AML® are} available. From the company Genencor, for example, the lipases, or cutinases can be used, the initial enzymes were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii. Other important commercial products, the preparations originally sold by Gist-Brocades M1 Lipase ^® and Lipomax® ^® and the enzymes marketed by eito Sangyo KK, Japan under the names Lipase MY-30 ^®, Lipase OF ^® and lipase PL ^® to mention also the product Lumafast® ^® from Genencor.

Compositions of the invention may contain other enzymes, which are summarized under the term hemicellulases. These include, for example, mannanases, xanthan lyases, pectin lyases (= pectinases), pectin esterases, peh tatlyases, xyloglucanases (= xylanases), pullulanases and β-glucanases. Suitable mannanases are available, for example under the name Gamanase ^® and Pektinex AR ^® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapec ^® B1 L from AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase® ^® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, USA , The from ß. subtilis .beta.-glucanase obtained is available under the name Cereflo ^® from Novozymes.

To increase the bleaching effect, detergent and cleaner compositions according to the invention may be oxidoreductases, for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) contain. Suitable commercial products Denilite® ^® 1 and 2 from Novozymes should be mentioned. Advantageously, it is additionally preferred to add organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds which interact with the enzymes in order to enhance the activity of the relevant oxidoreductases (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) at greatly varying redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soils. The enzymes used in agents of the invention are either originally from microorganisms, such as the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, or Pseudomonas, and / or are produced by biotechnological methods known per se by suitable microorganisms, such as transgenic expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.

The purification of the relevant enzymes is conveniently carried out by conventional methods, for example by precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, filtration of the liquid phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.

The agents of the invention may be added to the enzymes in any form known in the art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, especially in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparing in water and / or added with stabilizers.

Alternatively, the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer. In deposited layers, further active ingredients, for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied. Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes. Advantageously, such granules, for example by applying polymeric film-forming agent, low in dust and storage stable due to the coating.

Furthermore, it is possible to assemble two or more enzymes together so that a single granule has multiple enzyme activities.

A protein and / or enzyme contained in an agent according to the invention can be protected against damage, for example inactivation, denaturation or decomposition, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage, in particular during storage. In microbial recovery of proteins and / or enzymes, inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases. Compositions according to the invention may contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

One group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors. Frequently, benzamidine hydrochloride, borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters are used, including in particular derivatives with aromatic groups, such as ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their salts or esters. As peptidic protease inhibitors are, inter alia, ovomucoid and leupeptin to mention; An additional option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.

Other enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and mixtures thereof, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C ₁₂ , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of said acids. End-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates are also suitable. Certain organic acids used as builders are additionally capable of stabilizing a contained enzyme.

Lower aliphatic alcohols, but especially polyols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are other frequently used enzyme stabilizers. Also used are calcium salts, such as calcium acetate or calcium formate, and agnesium salts.

Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lagin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides stabilize the enzyme preparation, inter alia, against physical influences or pH fluctuations. Polyamine N-oxide containing polymers act as enzyme stabilizers. Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C ₈ -C ₈ polyoxyalkylenes. Alkylpolyglycosides can stabilize the enzymatic components of the agent according to the invention and even increase their performance. Crosslinked N-containing compounds also act as enzyme stabilizers.

Reducing agents and antioxidants increase the stability of the enzymes to oxidative degradation. A sulfur-containing reducing agent is, for example, sodium sulfite.

Preferably, combinatons of stabilizers are used, for example of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing salts. The effect of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers by the combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and Polyols increased and further enhanced by the additional use of divalent cations, such as calcium ions.

Preferred dispersions according to the invention are characterized in that they additionally contain one or more enzymes and / or enzyme preparations, preferably solid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 4.5 and in particular from 0.4 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total agent included.

Agents preferred according to the invention are characterized in that the dispersed substances, based on their total weight, at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, particularly preferably at least 40% by weight and in particular at least 50% by weight of builders and / or or bleaching agents and / or bleach activators and / or washing or cleaning-active polymers and / or glass corrosion inhibitors and / or silver protectants and / or enzymes. Particularly preferred compositions according to the invention consist of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 92% by weight, preferably at least 94% by weight, more preferably at least 96% by weight, particularly preferably at least 98% by weight and most preferably at least 99.5 wt .-% in addition to the above-mentioned preferred dispersants further exclusively from builders and / or bleaching agents and / or bleach activators and / or washing or cleaning active polymers and / or glass corrosion inhibitors and / or silver protectants and / or enzymes ,

In addition to the washing or cleaning-active substances previously described as preferred dispersants or dispersed substances, the dispersions according to the invention may of course contain further ingredients. Preferably, these ingredients are one or more of anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants, disintegrants, acidifiers, disintegrants, hydrotopes, pH modifiers, dyes, fragrances, optical brighteners, the foam inhibitors, the silicone oils, the anti redeposition agents, the grayness inhibitors and the color transfer inhibitors.

As anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used. Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9- ₃ -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained, for example, from C ₁₂ -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation obtained. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates prepared from C _12-1 8-alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or Sulfoxϊdation be obtained with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Similarly, the esters of α-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example, the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or Taigfettsäuren are suitable.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chains are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical having an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. From washing technical interest, the C ₁₂ -Cι ₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ - alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred. Also 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which can be obtained as commercial products of Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ^® , are suitable anionic surfactants.

Also, the Schwefelsäuremonoester the ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide chain or branched C _7-2 rAlkohole such as 2-methyl-branched _C9-11 alcohols containing on average 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-i ₈ - Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinic esters and which are the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C ₈ . _18- fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below). Again, sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are of ethoxylated fatty alcohols with narrow homolog distribution - 60 -

derive, more preferably. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

As further anionic surfactants are particularly soaps into consideration. Suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular of natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases such as mono-, di- or triethanolam. The anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.

If the compositions according to the invention are used as automatic dishwasher detergents, their content of anionic surfactants is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight and very particularly preferably less than 1% by weight. Machine dishwashing detergents which do not contain anionic surfactants are particularly preferred.

Instead of the surfactants mentioned or in conjunction with them, it is also possible to use cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.

As cationic active substances, the agents according to the invention may contain, for example, cationic compounds of the formulas XIX, XX or XXI:

R '

R ¹ -N ⁽⁺⁾ - (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² (XIX)

(CH ₂ ) "- TR

R ¹

R ¹ -N ⁽⁺⁾ - (CH ₂ ) _n -CH-CH ₂ (XX)

R ¹ TT

R ² R ²

R ¹

R ^{3 is} -N ⁽⁺⁾ - (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² (XXI)

R ⁴

wherein each R ^{1 group is} independently selected from C _1-6 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl groups; each R ^{2 group is} independently selected from C _8-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; R ³ = R ¹ or (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² ; R ⁴ = R ¹ or R ² or (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² ; T = -CH ₂ -, -O-CO- or -CO-O- and n is an integer from 0 to 5

If the agents according to the invention are used as automatic dishwashing detergents, their content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants is preferably less than 6% by weight, preferably less than 4% by weight, very preferably less than 2% by weight and in particular less than 1 wt .-%. Automatic dishwashing detergents containing no cationic or amphoteric surfactants are particularly preferred.

Acidifying agents are both inorganic acids and organic acids, provided that they are compatible with the other ingredients. For reasons of consumer protection and handling safety in particular the solid mono-, oligo- and polycarboxylic acids are used. Again preferred from this group are citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid as well as polyacrylic acid. Also, the anhydrides of these acids can be used as Acidifizierungsmittel, in particular maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride are commercially available. Organic sulfonic acids such as sulfamic acid are also usable. A commercially available as an acidifier in the context of the present invention also preferably be used is Sokalan ^® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31 wt .-%), glutaric acid (max. 50 wt .-%) and adipic acid ( at most 33% by weight).

In order to facilitate the disintegration of agents according to the invention, it is possible to incorporate disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, into these compositions in order to shorten the disintegration times. According to Römpp (9th edition, B.6, page 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of Pharmaceutical Technology" (6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184), excipients are understood to mean excipients which are suitable for rapid release Disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the drugs in resorbable form.

These substances, which are also referred to as "explosives" due to their effect, increase their volume upon ingress of water, on the one hand increasing the intrinsic volume (swelling), and on the other hand creating a pressure via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles decays. Well-known disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.

Preferred agents according to the invention contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disintegration aids, in each case based on the weight of the agents.

Preferred disintegrating agents used in the present invention are cellulose-based disintegrating agents, so that preferred washing and cleaning compositions comprise such a cellulose-based disintegrating agent in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and is formally a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5000 glucose units and thus have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulosic disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as cellulose-based disintegrating agents but are used in admixture with cellulose. The content of these mixtures of cellulose derivatives is preferably below 50% by weight, more preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrating agent. It is particularly preferred to use cellulose-based disintegrating agent which is free of cellulose derivatives.

The cellulose used as a disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before admixing with the premixes to be tabletted. The particle sizes of such disintegrating agents are usually above 200 .mu.m, preferably at least 90 wt .-% between 300 and 1600 .mu.m and in particular at least 90 wt .- ^< o between 400 and 1200 microns. The above and described in more detail in the documents cited coarser disintegration aids, are preferred as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ^® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier available in the present invention.

As a further disintegrating agent based on cellulose or as a component of this component, microcrystalline cellulose can be used. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which attack and completely dissolve only the amorphous regions (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, leaving the crystalline regions (about 70%) intact. Subsequent deaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis yields the microcrystalline celluloses which have primary particle sizes of about 5 μm and can be compacted, for example, into granules having an average particle size of 200 μm.

In the context of the present invention, preferred agents additionally comprise a disintegration aid, preferably a cellulose-based disintegration aid, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the composition. The compositions according to the invention may additionally comprise a gas-evolving effervescent system. The gas-evolving effervescent system may consist of a single substance that releases a gas upon contact with water. Among these compounds, mention may be made in particular of magnesium peroxide, which liberates oxygen on contact with water. However, the gas-releasing bubbling system usually comprises at least two constituents which react with one another to form gas. While here a variety of systems is thinkable and executable that release, for example, nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, in the inventive washing and

Detergent compositions can be selected from both economic and environmental aspects. Preferred effervescent systems consist of alkali metal carbonate and / or bicarbonate and an acidifying agent which is suitable for liberating carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution.

In the case of the alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates, the sodium and potassium salts are clearly preferred over the other salts for reasons of cost. Of course, do not have the relevant pure alkali metal carbon black bz-w. bicarbonates may be used; rather, mixtures of different carbonates and bicarbonates may be preferred.

In preferred compositions according to the invention, the effervescent system is 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 12 and in particular 3 to 1% by weight of an acidifying agent, in each case based on the total weight of the agent according to the invention used.

Acidifying agents that release carbon dioxide from the alkali salts in aqueous solution include, for example, boric acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulfates,

Alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and other inorganic salts can be used. However, preference is given to using organic acidifying agents, the citric acid being a particularly preferred acidifying agent. However, it is also possible in particular to use the other solid mono-, oligo- and polycarboxylic acids. For this group in turn are preferred are tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and polyacrylic acid. Organic sulfonic acids such as sulfamic acid are also usable. A commercially available as an acidifier in the context of the present invention also preferably be used is Sokalan ^® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31 wt .-%), glutaric acid (ma> c. 50 wt .-%) and Adipic acid (max 33 wt%). In the context of the present invention, preference is given to compositions in which a substance from the group of organic di-, tri- and oligocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereof is used as acidifying agent in the effervescent system.

Dyes and fragrances can be added to the compositions according to the invention in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and to provide the consumer, in addition to the performance, a visually and sensory "typical and unmistakable" product. As perfume oils or fragrances, individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are known e.g. Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate,

Dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethylacetate, linalylbenzoate, benzylformate,

Ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate and benzylsalicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals having 8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance. Such perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage, carnation, clove, lemon balm, mint oil, cinnamon oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil, orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the compositions according to the invention, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers, which ensure a long-lasting fragrance by a slower release of fragrance. As such carrier materials, for example, cyclodextrins have been proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can be additionally coated with other excipients.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agents according to the invention, it (or parts thereof) can be dyed with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and against light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the agents such as glass, ceramic or plastic dishes, not to stain them. The dispersions according to the invention may, in addition to the washing or cleaning active ingredients described above, furthermore comprise nonaqueous organic solvents and / or thickeners.

The agent according to the invention is the dispersion of a solid in a dispersion medium (suspension), which i.a. may also contain non-aqueous solvents. The term "solid suspension" does not exclude in the context of the present application that the solid substances contained in the agents according to the invention are present at least partially in solution Solvents are obtained, for example, from the groups of the monoalcohols, diols, triols or polyols, the ethers, esters and / or amides, particular preference being given to non-aqueous solvents which are water-soluble, "water-soluble" solvents being solvents in the context of the present application that is completely at room temperature with water, ie without miscibility, are miscible.

Non-aqueous solvents which can be used in the compositions according to the invention preferably originate from the group of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, alkanolamines or glycol ethers, provided they are miscible with water in the concentration range indicated. The solvents are preferably selected from ethanol, n- or i-propanol, butanols, glycol, propane- or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl- or butyldiglycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, etheylene glycol monomethyl n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, di ethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl or ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy triglycol, 1-butoxyethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol t- Butyl ether and mixtures of these solvents.

A dispersion which is particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises nonaqueous solvents in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 12% by weight, more preferably from 0 , 4 to 8 wt .-%, most preferably from 0.8 to 6 wt .-% and in particular from 1 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total dispersion, wherein preferred (s) non-aqueous (s ) Solvent is / are selected from the group of liquid at room temperature nonionic surfactants, the polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, glycerol, glycerol carbonate, triacetin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene carbonate, hexylene glycol, ethanol and n-propanol and / or iso-propanol. In addition to the non-aqueous solvents mentioned, the dispersions according to the invention for viscosity control may also contain other ingredients, the use of which, for example, the settling behavior or the pourability or flowability can be specifically controlled. In non-aqueous systems, in particular, combinations of texturizers and thickeners have proven useful.

In the context of the present invention preferred dispersions of the invention further comprise a) 0.1 to 1.0 wt .-% of one or more structurizer, preferably from the group of bentonites and / or at least partially etherified sorbitols and / or b) 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of one or more thickeners, preferably from the group of amorphous or crystalline disilicates, in particular from the group of pyrogenic silicic acids.

The structurant a) comes from the group of bentonites and / or at least partially etherified sorbitols. These substances are used to ensure the physical stability of the agents and to adjust the viscosity.

Bentonites are contaminated clays caused by the weathering of volcanic tuffs. Due to their high content of montmorillonite, bentonites have valuable properties such as swellability, ion exchange capacity and thixotropy. It is possible to modify the properties of the bentonite according to the intended use. Bentonites are common as clay constituents in tropical soils and are used as sodium bentonite, e.g. mined in Wyoming / USA. Sodium bentonite has the most favorable performance properties (swellability), so that its use in the context of the present invention is preferred. Naturally occurring Caicium bentonites come for example from Mississippi / USA or Texas / USA or from Landshut / D. The naturally obtained Ca-bentonites are artificially converted by exchange of Ca for Na in the more swellable Na-bentonites

The main constituents of the bentonites form so-called montmorillonites, which can also be used in their pure form in the context of the present invention. Montmorillonites sin d to the phyllosilicates and here to the dioctahedral smectites belonging clay minerals, which crystallize monoclinic pseudohexagonal. Montmorillonite form predominantly white, grayish-white to yellowish, completely amorphous appearing, easily friable, in the water swelling, but not plasticizing masses, by the general formulas

Al ₂ [(OH) ₂ / SiO ₁₀ ] -nH ₂ θ or Al ₂ θ ₃ -4Si0 ₂ Η ₂ θ'nH ₂ θ or Al ₂ [(OH) ₂ / Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (dried at 150 °)

can be described.

Preferred dispersions of the invention are characterized in that montmorillonites are used as structural modifiers. Montmorillonites have a three-layer structure consisting of two tetrahedral layers, which are electrostatically crosslinked via the cations of an octahedral intermediate layer. The layers are not rigidly connected, but can swell by reversible incorporation of water (in the 2-7 times the amount) and other substances such as alcohols, glycols, pyridine, α-picoline, ammonium compounds, hydroxy-aluminosilicate ions, etc. The above. Formulas are only approximate formulas since montmorillonites have a large ion exchange capacity. Thus, Al can be exchanged for Mg, Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ , Zn, Cr, Cu and other ions. As a result of such substitution, a negative charge of the layers results, which is balanced by other cations, especially Na ⁺ and Ca ²⁺ .

In combination with the bentonites or as a substitute for them, if their use is not desired, at least partially etherified sorbitols can be used as structurants.

Sorbitol is a hexavalent 6-valent alcohol (sugar alcohol) that is relatively easy to split one or two moles of water intramolecularly and forms cyclic ethers (eg, sorbitan and sorbide). The removal of water is also possible intermolecularly, forming noncyclic ethers of sorbitol and the alcohols in question. Again, the formation of mono-ethers and bis-ethers is possible, with higher degrees of etherification such as 3 and 4 may occur. At least partially etherified sorbitols to be used in the context of the present invention are doubly etherified sorbitols, of which the dibenzylidenesorbitol is particularly preferred. Machine dishwashing detergents which contain doubly etherified sorbitol, in particular dibenzylidenesorbitol, as structurants are preferred here.

The agents according to the invention may contain the structurants in amounts of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, based on the total agent and on the active substance of the structurizer. Preferred agents contain the modifier in amounts of from 0.2 to 0.9% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.25 to 0.75% by weight and in particular in amounts of from 0.3 to 0.5% by weight. %, in each case based on the total mean. The thickeners used are preferably pyrogenic keysilic acids. The preferred agents according to the invention contain the thickeners in amounts of from 0.2 to 1.3% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.25 to 1.15% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.3 to 1.05% by weight .-% and in particular in amounts of 0.35 to 0.95 wt .-%, each based on the total agent.

Further substances which can be used as thickeners are the methyl and ethylcelluloses, the polyurethanes and the polyacrylates.

The water content of dispersions according to the invention is preferably less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 23% by weight, preferably less than 19% by weight, particularly preferably less than 15% by weight and in particular less, based on their total weight as 12% by weight. According to preferred detergents or cleaners are low in water or anhydrous. Particularly preferred washing or cleaning agents according to the invention are characterized in that the dispersion, based on their total weight, a content of free water below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 7 wt .-%, more preferably below 3 wt .-% and in particular below 1% by weight.

The compositions according to the invention are distinguished by a density above 1.40 g / cm ³ . This high density not only reduces the overall volume of detergents or cleaners according to the invention. Particularly preferred detergents or cleaners according to the invention are therefore characterized in that the dispersion has a density above 1.050 g / cm ³ , preferably above 1.060 g / cm ³ or above 1.070 g / cm ³ , or above 1, 080 g / cm ³ , or above 1.090 g / cm ³ , or above 1.100 g / cm ³ , or above 1, 110 g / cm ³ , or above 1.120 g / cm ³ , or above 1.130 g / cm ³ , or above 1.140 g / cm ³ , or above 1.150 g / cm ³ , or above 1.160 g / cm ³ , or above 1.170 g / cm ³ , respectively above 1.180 g / cm ³ , or above 1. 190 g / cm ³ , or above 1.200 g / cm ³ , or above 1.210 g / cm ³ , or above 1.22 g / cm ³ , or above 1, 230 g / cm ³ , or above 1.240 g / cm ³ , or above 1.250 g / cm ³ , or above 1. 260 g / cm ³ , or above 1.270 g / cm ³ , or above 1.280 g / cm ^3, or greater than 1, 290 g / cm ³ or above 1, 30 0 g / cm ³ , or above 1.310 g / cm ³ , or above 1.320 g / cm ³ , or above 1.330 g / cm ³ , or above 1.340 g / cm ³ , or above 1.350 g / cm ³ or above 1, 360 g / cm ^3, and above 1.370 g / cm ^3, and above 1.380 g / cm ^3, and above 1.390 g / cm ³ or above 1, 400 g / cm ^3, or above 1.410 g / cm ^3, and above 1.420 g / cm ^3, or greater than 1, 430 g / cm ^3, or greater than 1, 440 g / cm ^3, and above 1.450 g / cm ^3, or above 1.460 g / cm ³ , or above 1.470 g / cm ³ , or above 1.480 g / cm ³ , or above 1.490 g / cm ³ , or above 1, 050 g / cm ³ . Particularly preferred are those dispersions which have a density in the range between 1.040 and 1.700 g / cm ³ , preferably between 1.050 and 1.700 g / cm ³ , preferably between 1.060 and 1.700 g / cm ³ , preferably between 1.070 and 1.700 g / cm ³ , preferably between 1.080 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.100 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.1120 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.140 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.1160 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1,180 and 1,700 g / cm ^: preferably between between 1,200 and 1,700 g / cm ^: preferably between between 1,220 and 1,700 g / cm ^: preferably between between 1,240 and 1,700 g / cm ^, preferably between between 1,260 and 1,700 g / cm preferably between between 1, 280 and 1,700 g / cm ^: preferably between 1,300 and 1,700 g / cm ^: preferably between 1,320 and 1,700 g / cm preferably between 1,340 and 1,700 g / cm preferably between 1,360 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.380 and 1.700 g / cm ^: preferably between 1.400 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.420 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.440 and 1.700 g / cm e between 1.460 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between 1.480 and 1.700 g / cm preferably between between 1.050 and 1.700 g / cm ³ . Very particular preference is given to inventive

Dispersions having a density between 1040 and 1670 g / cm ³ , preferably between 1.120 and

1,610 g / cm ³ , more preferably between 1, 210 and 1, 570 g / cnn ³ , very particularly preferably between 1.290 and 1.510 g / cm ³ , and especially between 1.340 and 1.480 g / cm ³ . The

Density refers in each case to the densities of the compositions according to the invention at 20 ° C.

The density of the dispersants used at 20 ° C. is preferably between 0.8 and 1.4 g / cm ³ . Water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers having a density (20 ° C.) above 1.040 g / cm ³ , preferably in the range between 1.080 and 1.320 g / cm ^3, are particularly preferably used as dispersing agents.

In accordance with the invention, preferred washing or cleaning agents are characterized in that they dissolve in water (40 ° C.) in less than 12 minutes, preferably less than 10 minutes, preferably less than 9 minutes, more preferably less than 8 minutes and especially in less than 7 minutes. To determine the solubility, 20 g of the dispersion are introduced into the interior of a dishwashing machine (Miele S 646 PLUS). The main rinse of a standard rinse program (45 ^G C) is started. The determination of Solubility is achieved by measuring the conductivity, which is recorded by a conductivity sensor. The dissolution process is completed when the maximum conductivity is reached. In the conductivity diagram, this maximum corresponds to a plateau. The conductivity measurement starts with the replacement of the circulation pump in the main wash cycle. The amount of water used is 5 liters.

The compositions according to the invention can be formulated and packaged in different ways. For example, dispersions according to the invention can be extruded or cast or pressed into the mold. Detergents or cleaners are conceivable which contain the dispersion according to the invention in a particulate form with a size in the range between 0.5 and 5 mm, but also larger bodies with at least one side length above 1 cm, preferably above 1.5 cm, in particular above 2 cm are producible. For example, dispersions according to the invention are also suitable as well fillings for trough or ring tablets.

In addition to the commercially available water-insoluble polymer films, water-soluble or water-dispersible materials are also particularly suitable for the packaging of the compositions according to the invention. In the context of the present application, laundry detergents or cleaning compositions according to the invention are therefore particularly preferred which have at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible coating material. Such agents according to the invention are particularly preferred in which the shell materials used comprise a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer. Detergents or cleaning agents which are preferred according to the invention are accordingly characterized in that they have a water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging.

Some particularly preferred water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging materials are listed below:

a) water-soluble nonionic polymers from the group of a1) polyvinylpyrrolidones, a2) VinylpyrrolidonΛ inylester copolymers, a3) cellulose ethers

b) water-soluble amphoteric polymers from the group of b1) alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers b2) alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers b3) alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers b4) alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers b5) alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers b6) alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid

Copolymers b7) alkylacrylamide / alkymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / alkylmethacrylate

Copolymers b8) Copolymers of b8i) unsaturated carboxylic acids b8ii) cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids bδiii) optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers

c) water-soluble zwitterionic polymers from the group of d) acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts c2) acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their

Alkali and ammonium salts c3) methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers

d) water-soluble anionic polymers from the group of d1) vinyl acetate / Crotonsäu re copolymers d2) vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers d3) acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate IM tert-butylacrylamide Terpolynrιere d4) graft polymers of vinyl esters, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid alone or im Mixture copolymerized with crotonic acid, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with polyalkylene oxides and / or polyalkylene glycols d5) grafted and crosslinked copolymers from the copolymerization of d5i) at least one nonionic type monomer, d5ii) at least one ionic type monomer, dδiii) from polyethylene glycol and d5iv) a crosslinked d6) by copolymerizing at least one monomer of each of the following three

Groups of copolymers obtained: d6i) esters of unsaturated alcohols and short-chain saturated carboxylic acids and / or esters of short-chain saturated alcohols and unsaturated carboxylic acids, dθii) unsaturated carboxylic acids, dδiii) esters of long-chain carboxylic acids and unsaturated alcohols and / or

Esters of the carboxylic acids of group dθii) with saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched C ₈ -18 -alcohols d7) terpolymers of crotonic acid, vinyl acetate and an allyl or methallyl ester d8) tetra- and pentapolymers of dδi) crotonic acid or allyloxyacetic acid dδii) vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate dδiϊi) branched allyl or methallyl esters dδiv) vinyl ethers, vinyl esters or straight-chain allyl or methallyl esters d9) Crotonic acid copolymers with one or more monomers from the Group ppe

Ethylene, vinylbenzene, vinylmethyl ether, aorylamide and their water-soluble salts d10) terpolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and vinyl esters of a saturated aliphatic α-branched monocarboxylic acid

e) water-soluble cationic polymers from the group of e1) quaternized cellulose derivatives e2) polysiloxanes with quaternary groups e3) cationic guar derivatives e4) polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and

Amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid e5) Copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of dialkylaminoacrylate and methacrylate e6) Vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium-chloro copolymers e7) Quaternized polyvinyl alcohol e8) under the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17,

Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium T7 indicated polymers.

Water-soluble polymers in the context of the invention are those polymers which are soluble in water at room temperature in excess of 2.5% by weight.

Preferred shell materials preferably comprise at least partially a substance from the group (acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin.

"Polyvinyl alcohols" (abbreviated PVAL, occasionally PVOH) is the name for polymers of the general structure

CH 2 --CH - CH 2 CH

I

OH OH

in small proportions (about 2%) also structural units of the type

contain.

Commercially available polyvinyl alcohols, which are available as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of about 100 to 2500 (molar masses of about 4000 to 100,000 g / mol), have degrees of hydrolysis of 98-99 or 87-89 mol%. , so still contain a residual content of acetyl groups. The polyvinyl alcohols are characterized by the manufacturer by indicating the degree of polymerization of the starting polymer, the degree of hydrolysis, the saponification number or the solution viscosity

Depending on the degree of hydrolysis, polyvinyl alcohols are soluble in water and in a few highly polar organic solvents (formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide: ϊd); They are not attacked by (chlorinated) hydrocarbons, esters, fats and oils. Polyvinyl alcohols are classified as toxicologically safe and are biologically at least partially degradable. The water solubility can be reduced by aftertreatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexation with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid or borax. The coatings of polyvinyl alcohol are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, H elium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor pass through.

In the context of the present invention, it is preferred that an agent according to the invention comprises at least one packaging or wrapping material which at least partially comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is from 70 to 100 mol%, preferably from 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and especially 82 to 88 mol%. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one eülletztes shell material to at least 20 wt .-%, more preferably at least 40 wt .-%, most preferably at least 60 wt .-% and in particular at least 80 wt .-% of one Polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and especially 82 to 88 mol%. Preferably, the entire shell material used is at least 20 wt .-%, more preferably at least 40 wt .-%, most preferably at least 60 wt .-% and in particular at least 80 wt .-% of a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis 70th to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol%. Polyvinyl alcohols of a certain molecular weight range are preferably used as the enveloping materials, it being preferred according to the invention that the shell material comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose molecular weight is in the range of 10,000 to 100,000 gmol ^-1 , preferably 11,000 to 90,000 gmol ^-1 , particularly preferably 12,000 to 80,000 gmol ^"1 and in particular from 13,000 to 70,000 gmol ^{" 1} lies.

The degree of polymerization of such preferred polyvinyl alcohols is between about 200 to about 2100, preferably between about 220 to about 1890, more preferably between about 240 to about 1680, and most preferably between about 260 to about 1500. According to the invention, preferred detergents are water soluble or water dispersible packaging characterized in that the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging material comprises polyvinyl alcohols and / or PVAL copolymers whose average degree of polymerization is between 80 and 700, preferably between 150 and 400, particularly preferably between 180 and 300 and / or their molecular weight ratio of MG (50%) MW (90%) is between 0.3 and 1, preferably between 0.4 and 0.8 and in particular between 0.45 and 0.6.

The polyvinyl alcohols described above are widely available commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ^® (Clariant). Particularly suitable in the context of the present invention, polyvinyl alcohols are, for example, Mowiol ^® 3-83, Mowiol ^® 4-88, Mowiol ^® 5-88, Mowiol ^® 8-88 and L648, L734, Mowiflex LPTC KSE 221 as well as the ex Compounds of Texas polymer such as Vinex 2034.

Further polyvinyl alcohols which are particularly suitable as packaging material are shown in the following table:

Further as a material for the water-soluble or water-dispersible films and / or containers suitable polyvinyl alcohols are ELVANOL ^® 51-05, 52-22, 50-42, 85-82, 75-15, T-25, T-66, 90- 50 ( trademark of Du Pont), ALCOTEX ^® 72.5, 78, B72, F80 / 40, F88 / 4, F88 / 26, F88 / 40, F88 / 47 (trademark of Harlow Chemical Co.), Gohsenol ^® NK-05, A-300, AH-22, C-50O, GH 20, GL-03, GM-14L, KA-20, KA-500, KH-20, KP-06, N-300, NH-26, NM11Q, KZ-06 (trademark of Nippon Gohsei KK). Also suitable are ERKOL types from Wacker.

The water content of preferred PVAL packaging materials is preferably less than 10 wt .-%, preferably less than 8 wt .-%, more preferably less than 6 wt .-% and in particular less than 4 wt .-%.

The water solubility of PVAL can be altered by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization) or ketones (ketalization). Polyvinyl alcohols which are acetalated or ketalized with the aldehyde or keto groups of saccharides or polysaccharides or mixtures thereof have proven to be particularly advantageous and particularly advantageous on account of their pronounced cold water solubility. To use extremely advantageous are the reaction products of PVAL and starch.

Furthermore, the water solubility can be changed by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus set specifically to desired values. Films made of PVAL are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.

Examples of suitable water PVAL films are available under the name "SOLUBLOM ^®" from Syntana Handelsgesellschaft E. Harke GmbH & Co. PVAL films. Their solubility in water can be adjusted to the exact degree, and films of this product series are available which are soluble in aqueous phase in all temperature ranges relevant for the application.

Preferred detergents or cleaners according to the invention having a water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging are characterized in that the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging comprises hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) having a degree of substitution (average number of methoxy groups per anhydroglucose unit of cellulose) of 1, 0 to 2 , 0, preferably from 1.4 to 1, 9, and a molar substitution (average number of hydroxypropoxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose) of 0.1 to 0.3, preferably from 0.15 to 0.25.

Polyvinylpyrrolidones, referred to as PVP for short, can be described by the following general formula:

PVP are prepared by radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone. Commercially available PVP have molecular weights in the range of about 2,500 to 750,000 g / mol and are available as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.

Polyethylene oxides, PEOX for short, are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula

H- [O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ] _n -OH

the technically by basic-catalyzed polyaddition of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in mostly small amounts of water-containing systems with ethylene glycol are produced as Anfangsniiolekül. They have molar masses in the range of about 200 to 5,000,000 g / mol, corresponding to degrees of polymerization n of about 5 to> 100,000. Polyethylene oxides have an extremely low concentration of reactive hydroxy end groups and show only weak glycol properties.

Gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: about 15,000 to> 250,000 g / mol), which is obtained primarily by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under acidic or alkaline conditions. The amino acid composition of gelatin is broadly similar to that of the collagen from which it was obtained and varies depending on its provenance. The use of gelatin as water-soluble coating material is extremely widespread, especially in pharmacy in the form of hard or soft gelatin capsules. In the form of films, gelatin has little use because of its high price compared to the polymers mentioned above.

Shell materials which comprise a polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof are preferred within the scope of the present invention.

Starch is a homoglycan, wherein the glucose units are linked α-glycosidically. Starch is composed of two components of different molecular weight: from about 20 to 30% straight-chain amylose (MW 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched-chain amylopectin (MW about 300,000 to 2,000,000). In addition, small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations are still included. While the amylose due to binding in the 1,4-position forms long, helical, entangled chains with about 300 to 1,200 glucose molecules, the chain branches in amylopectin after an average of 25 glucose building blocks by 1,6-bond to a branch-like structure with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose. In addition to pure starch, starch-derivatives which are obtainable from starch by polymer-analogous reactions are also suitable for the preparation of water-soluble coatings of the detergent, detergent and cleaner portions in the context of the present invention. Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products from esterifications or. Etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogens have been substituted. But even starches in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups that are not bound by an oxygenator can be used as starch derivatives. The group of starch derivatives includes, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), starch esters and ethers, and amino starches.

Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ Hιo0 ₅ ) _n and represents forma l considered a ß-1, 4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5,000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound by an oxygenator can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.

Preferred water-soluble or water-dispersible packages comprise a receptacle having at least one receiving chamber. However, in the context of the present invention, receptacles which have two, three, four or five receiving chambers are particularly preferred. Each of these receiving chambers may further comprise a closure member. According to the invention, preference is given to those detergents or cleaners which have at least one closure part in their water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging. In this case, for example, two or more receiving chambers may be sealed with a single closure member, but it may also be provided several receiving chambers each with their own closure member.

The dissolution behavior of the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging (container unoϊ closure part) can except by the chemical composition of the used Covering materials, for example, be influenced by the thickness of the container walls or the closure parts. Preferred means are in the context of the present application characterized in that the container and / or the / the closure member (s) has a thickness of 5 to 2O00μm, preferably from 6 to 1000μm, more preferably from 7 to 50O microns,. most preferably from 8 to 20 microns and in particular from 10 to 100 microns / have. It is particularly preferred to use containers and closure parts of different thickness, with such means are advantageous, the closure parts have a smaller compared to the associated containers wall thickness.

Since the wall thickness of the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging has an influence on the dissolving behavior of the compositions according to the invention, but in the context of the present application particularly fast-dissolving detergents or cleaners are preferred, the water-soluble packaging particularly preferred detergents or cleaners comprises at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible container and / or at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible closure member, wherein the container and / or the closure member has a wall thickness below 200μm, preferably below 120μm. particularly preferably below 90 .mu.m and in particular below 70 .mu.m. In a particularly preferred embodiment, both the water-soluble or water-dispersible container and the water-soluble or water-dispersible closure member have a wall thickness below 200μm, preferably below 120μm, more preferably below 90μm and especially below 70μm.

Preferred agents according to the invention are characterized in that the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging is at least partially transparent or translucent.

The inserted packaging is preferably transparent. For the purposes of this invention, transparency is to be understood as meaning that the transmittance within the visible spectrum of the light (410 to 800 nm) is greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, very preferably greater than 40% and in particular greater than 50% Thus, a wavelength of the visible spectrum of the light has a transmittance greater than 20%, it is to be regarded as transparent in the context of the invention.

If the inserted packaging, the wrapping material used, for example from a receptacle and a closure member, so is preferably at least the receptacle or the closure member transparent or translucent. However, particularly preferred are packages of receptacle and closure member in which both the receptacle and the closure member are transparent or translucent. Preferred agents according to the invention, which at least partially comprise a transparent shell material, may contain stabilizers. Stabilizing agents in the sense of the invention are materials which protect the ingredients present in the receiving chambers and / or the intermediate substances from decomposition or deactivation by light irradiation. Antioxidants, UV absorbers and fluorescent dyes have proven to be particularly suitable here.

Particularly suitable stabilizing agents in the context of the invention are the antioxidants. In order to prevent unwanted changes in the formulations caused by light irradiation and thus radical decomposition, the formulations may contain antioxidants. Examples of antioxidants which may be used here are sterically hindered groups, substituted phenols, bisphenols and thiobisphenols. Further examples are propyl gallate, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), tocopherol and the long chain (C8-C22) esters of gallic acid, such as dodecyl gallate. Other classes of compounds are aromatic amines, preferably secondary aromatic amines and substituted p-phenylenediamines, phosphorus compounds with trivalent phosphorus such as phosphines, phosphites and phosphonites, citric acids and citric acid derivatives, such as isopropyl citrate, endiol-containing compounds, so-called reductones, such as ascorbic acid and its derivatives such as imitation ascorbic acid, organosulfur compounds, such as the esters of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid with C _1-18 alkanols, especially C _10-18 alkanols, metal ion deactivators capable of auto-oxidation catalyzing metal ions, such as Copper, such as nitrilotriacetic acid and its derivatives and their mixtures. Antioxidants may be present in the formulations in amounts of up to 35% by weight, preferably up to 25% by weight, more preferably from 0.01 to 20 and in particular from 0.03 to 20% by weight.

Another class of preferably usable stabilizers are the UV absorbers. UV absorbers can improve the light stability of the formulation components. These are understood to be organic substances (light protection filters) which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and to release the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, for example heat. Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. In addition, substituted benzotriazoles, such as the water-soluble benzenesulfonic acid-3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) - 4-hydroxy-5- (methyIpro-pyl) monosodium salt (Ciba Fast ^® H), 3-phenyl-substituted acrylates ( Cinnamic acid derivatives), optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid suitable. The biphenyl and especially stilbene derivatives, which are available as Tinosorb ^® FD or Tinosorb ^® FR ex Ciba commercial. As UV-B absorber are 3-Benzylidencampher or 3-Benzylidennorcampher and its derivatives, for example 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4-

(Dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2-octyl ester and 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid amyl ester; Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (octocrylene); Esters of salicylic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomenthyl salicylate; Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-vinylethoxybenzmalonate; Triazine derivatives, e.g. 2,4,6-trianilino (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine and octyl triazone or dioctyl butamido triazone (Uvasorb® HEΞB); Propane-1,3-diones, e.g. 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxy-phenyl) propan-1,3-dione; Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives. Also suitable are 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts; Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts; Sulfonic acid derivatives of the 3-benzylidene camphor, e.g. 4- (2-oxo-3-bomylidenemethyl) -benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) -sulfonic acid and its salts.

As a typical UV-A filter in particular derivatives of benzoylmethane come into question, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-clion, 4-tert-butyl 4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) -propane-1,3-dione and enamine compounds. Of course, the UV-A and UV-B filters can also be used in mixtures. In addition to the soluble substances mentioned, insoluble photoprotective pigments, namely finely dispersed, preferably nano-metal oxides or salts, are also suitable for this purpose. Examples of suitable metal oxides are in particular zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof. As salts silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used. The oxides and salts are already used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics. The particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They may have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use those particles which have an ellipsoidal or otherwise deviating shape from the spherical shape. The pigments can also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Suitable hydrophobic coating agents are, in particular, silcones and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones. Preferably, micronized zinc oxide is used.

UV absorbers can be used in amounts of up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 3% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 2.0 and in particular from 0.03 to 1% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of a contained in a receiving chamber or a gap substance mixture may be included.

Another preferred class of stabilizers to be used are the fluorescent dyes. They include the 4,4 ^{^{'diamino-2,2'}} -stilbendϊsulfonsäuren (flavonic), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methyl umbelliferone, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diaryl pyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, and Benzimidazole systems and substituted by heterocycles pyrene derivatives. Of particular importance are the sulfonic acid salts of diaminostilbene derivatives, as well as polymeric fluorescers.

Fluorescent substances may, based on the total weight of a substance mixture in a receiving chamber or a gap, in amounts of up to 5 wt .-%, preferably to 1 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 0, 5 and in particular from 0, Be contained 03 to 0.1 wt .-%.

In a preferred embodiment, the vorgenan nten stabilizing agents are used in any mixtures. The stabilizing agents are, based on the total weight of a substance mixture in a receiving chamber, in amounts of up to 40 wt .-%, preferably to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, in particular of 0, Used 02 to 5 wt .-%.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present application, agents according to the invention are preferred which allow in their container part, but preferably in their closure part, a device for pressure equalization between the container interior and the surrounding atmosphere. Such pressure equalization is particularly preferred for such agents according to the invention, the container interior are filled with such liquid or solid active substances which tend in the course of storage after closing the container interior with a closure member for gas release. Cause of such gas release are usually chemical reactions, in particular

Reactions between the in-container resources and the shell materials or Reactions between substances contained in the container interior and substances diffused from outside through the coating material into the container interior (eg water) or reactions of the agents located in the container interior with each other or decomposition reactions of individual means located in the container interior caused by light or heat. Active substances which tend to release gas according to one of the described reactions include, in particular, the bleaching agents described below, for example the percarbonates and perborates. In the context of the present application, valves, but preferably micro-holes, preferably micro-holes having a diameter between 0.1 and 2 mm, more preferably between 0.2 and 1.5 mm and in particular between 0.5 and 1 mm, are referred to as pressure-equalizing devices , For example, the shape of these microholes may be automated by perforators which "pierce" the package or wrapping material, which "perforation" may be performed prior to filling or sealing the package as well as after sealing. If the receptacle or closure part is "pierced" prior to filling or sealing, the piercing of the enveloping material preferably takes place from the inside of the wrapping material, that is to say the side which is located on the inside of the container after sealing, to the outside of the wrapping material Furthermore, microchannels or the use of permeable shell materials for obtaining pressure equalization are also suitable.

The dispersions according to the invention may contain a complete detergent or cleaning agent formulation, but can be used to particular advantage in combination with other detergent or cleaning agent ingredients, in particular with ingredients or mixtures of ingredients which have a different ready-made form. These alternative forms of preparation include, for example, solids such as powders, granules, extrudates, compacts, such as tablets, cast bodies or dimensionally stable gels. The solid or liquid washing or cleaning agents which are used in combination with the dispersions according to the invention may, of course, have all the ingredients contained in the detergent or cleaning agent, but they preferably differ in their composition from the composition of the inventive composition , Ingredients for the solid or liquid detergents or cleaners are, in particular, the builders, surfactants, bleaches, bleach activators, polymers, enzymes, glass corrosion inhibitors, silver protectants, dyes, fragrances, pH adjusters and disintegrants. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the previous paragraphs for a more detailed description of these ingredients.

If the dispersions of the invention are combined with other solid or liquid detergents or cleaners to form a final product, for example by using a water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging having one, two, three or more receiving chambers, it is preferred according to the invention that the inventive dispersion (s), based on the total composition of the combination product at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 50 wt.%, particularly preferred at least 70% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight in the

Combination product contained anionic and / or cationic and / or amphoteric

polymers; and / or at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 60 wt .-% and in particular at least 80 wt .-% of in the

Combination product contained nonionic surfactants; and / or at least 10 wt .-%, preferably between 20 and 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 30 and 85 wt .-% and in particular between 40 and 80 wt .-% of in the

Combination contained builder, preferably of the phosphate or citrate.

However, as stated above, the compositions according to the invention are preferably packaged in water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging, which packaging may for example consist of a container having one, two, three, four or more receiving chambers. In addition to the dispersions according to the invention, other liquids and solids such as powders, granules, extrudates, compacts, casting bodies or dimensionally stable gels are suitable as ingredients for the receiving chambers. AJs liquids can be used in addition to low-viscosity, flowable liquids or flowable gels or flowable dispersions, such as emulsions or suspensions. When flowable are active ingredients or combinations of active ingredients when they have no intrinsic dimensional stability, which enables them under normal conditions of manufacture, storage, transport and handling by the consumer occupy a non-disintegrating spatial form, this spatial form under the conditions mentioned even over a long period, preferably 4 weeks, more preferably, 8 weeks and especially 32 weeks, not changed, that is under the usual conditions of manufacture, storage, transport and handling by the consumer in the spatial geometric shape caused by the preparation remains, that is, does not melt away. The determination of flowability relates in particular to the conditions customary for storage and transport, that is to say in particular to temperatures below 50 ° C., preferably below 40 ° C. Active substances or active compound combinations with a melting point below 25 ° C., preferably below 20 ° C., particularly preferably below 15 ° C., are therefore considered to be liquids. For the combination of the above-mentioned Konfektionsformen solid and liquid detergents or cleaning agents with the dispersions of the invention, there are now a number of possibilities. The following tables describe some preferred embodiments. The filled with liquid, powder or granules receiving chambers preferably have a seal. In the case of compartments filled with compacts, extrudates, castings or rigid gels, the seal is optional, but is preferred.

Water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging with a receiving chamber:

Water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging with two receiving chambers:

Water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging with three receiving chambers:

If water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging is used for packaging the compositions according to the invention, the dispersions of the invention are preferably used alone or in combination with one or more solids (for example powders, granules, extrudates, compacts, castings, dimensionally stable gels) or liquids (for example: liquids , flowable gels or dispersions), preferably formulated with one or more powders in a receiving chamber. The filling of the receiving chamber can be done both simultaneously and in chronological order. The stepwise filling of the receiving chamber with the dispersion according to the invention and one or more powders is particularly preferred since in this way it is possible to produce in a simple manner within a receiving chamber fixed layer structures, the multiphase can be highlighted optically, for example by adding appropriate dyes. Such multi-layered receiving chambers may have two, three, four, five or more individual layers. The resulting water-soluble packaged multi-layer detergents or cleaners are characterized by the high density of the dispersions according to the invention on the other hand, however, are soluble much faster, since no pressing pressures were used for their preparation by a comparable with the densities of detergent tablets. Some examples of particularly preferred embodiments of these multiphase receiving chambers with up to five layers are shown in the following table:

Water-soluble or water-dispersible receiving guns with two or three-layer filling:

If one or more inventive dispersion (s) according to one of the above-described embodiments is combined with further solids and / or liquids to form a washing or cleaning agent, the weight fraction of the inventive dispersion (s) is based on the total weight of the resulting wash or cleaning agent Detergent (without consideration of an optional water-soluble or water-insoluble packaging) preferably between 5 and 95 wt .-%, preferably between 7 and 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 9 and 65 wt .-% and in particular between 11 and 53 wt. -%.

If the dispersions according to the invention are compounded in combination with another liquid or solid detergent or cleaner, in the context of the present application particular preference is given to those combination products in which the liquid or solid detergent or cleaning agent dissolves faster than the dispersion according to the invention. Particularly suitable solid detergents or cleaners are the powders, granules, extrudates, compactates or cast bodies already mentioned above. Particularly preferred are combination products of dispersion according to the invention and powder and / or granules and / or compact and / or extrudate and / or Giefikörper, in which the dispersion at least 40 wt .-%, preferably at least 60 wt .-%, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80 wt ^<% and especially at least 90 wt .-% of all in this combination products contained nonionic surfactants nd / or cationic polymers and / or amphoteric polymers

To determine the solubility, 20 g of the respective substance (dispersion or solid or liquid) are introduced into the interior of a dishwashing machine (Ivliele G 646 PLUS). The main rinse of a standard rinse program (45 ° C) is started. The determination of the solubility is carried out by the measurement of the conductivity, which is recorded via a conductivity sensor. The dissolution process is completed when the maximum conductivity is reached. In the conductivity diagram, this maximum corresponds to a plateau. The conductivity measurement starts with the replacement of the circulation pump in the main wash cycle. The amount of water used is 5 liters.

In this context, it should be noted that the dispersions of the invention preferably less than 5 wt .-%, preferably less than 3 wt .-%, more preferably less than 1 wt .-% and in particular no waxes and / or fat (s) uιnd or triglyceride (s) and / or fatty acids and / or fatty alcohols or other refractory, water-insoluble ingredients.

Fat (s) and / or tric glyceride (s) is the name for compounds of glycerol in which the three hydroxy groups of glycerol are esterified by carboxylic acids. The naturally occurring fats are triglycerides, which usually contain different fatty acids in the same glycerol molecule. By saponification of the fats and subsequent esterification or reaction with acyl chlorides, however, synthetic triglycerides in which only one fatty acid is bound are also available (for example tripalmitin, triolein or tristearin). Dispersions according to the invention contain in the predominant proportion no natural and / or synthetic fats and / or mixtures of the two. The proportion by weight of fats in the total weight of dispersions according to the invention is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 3% by weight, more preferably less than 2% by weight, very preferably less than 1% by weight and in particular less than 0.5% by weight. Dispersions of the invention containing no fats are particularly preferred.

As fatty acids in the present application aliphatic saturated or unsaturated, carboxylic acids with branched or unbranched carbon chain called. For the production of fatty acids, a variety of manufacturing methods exist. While the lower fatty acids mostly based on oxidative processes starting from alcohols and / or aldehydes and aliphatic or acyciischen hydrocarbons, the higher homologous Mostly still today most easily accessible by saponification of natural fats. With advances in transgenic plants, there are now almost limitless possibilities for varying the fatty acid spectrum in the storage fats of oil plants. Capric, undecanoic, lauric, tridecanoic, myristic,

Pentadecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, erucic and elaeosteraric acids are examples of such fatty acids.

Fatty alcohol is a collective name for the linear, saturated or unsaturated primary alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms obtainable by reduction of the triglycerides, fatty acids or fatty acid esters. The fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated depending on the method of preparation. Myristyl alcohol, 1-pentadecanol, cetyl alcohol, 1-heptadecane, stearyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, 1-nonadecanol, arachidyl alcohol, 1-heneicosanol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol are examples of such fatty alcohols.

Dispersions of the invention contain predominantly no fatty acids and / or fatty alcohols and / or mixtures of the two. The weight proportion of fatty acids and / or fatty alcohols in the total weight of dispersions according to the invention is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 3% by weight, more preferably less than 2% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 1% by weight. % and in particular less than 0.5 wt .-%. Dispersions according to the invention which contain no fatty acids and / or fatty alcohols are particularly preferred.

"Waxing" is understood to mean a series of naturally or artificially produced substances which generally melt above 40 ° C. without decomposition and are already relatively low-viscosity and non-stringy just above the melting point. They have a strong temperature-dependent consistency and solubility. According to their origin, the waxes are divided into three groups, the natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and the synthetic waxes.

The natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, EΞspartograswachs, cork wax, guarurna wax, rice germ oil wax, sugarcane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax), or crepe fat, mineral waxes such as ceresin or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or microwaxes.

The chemically modified waxes include, for example, hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, Sassol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes. Synthetic waxes are, for example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl phthalate, which is commercially available) under the name Unimoll ^® 66 (Bayer AG), oils as well as waxes synthetically produced from lower carboxylic acids, and fatty alcohol, such as dimyristyl tartrate, sold under the name Cosmacol ^® ETLP (Condea) is obtainable understood. Conversely, synthetic or partially synthetic esters of lower alcohols with fatty acids from natural sources also fall into the group of synthetic waxes. This class of substances includes, for example, ^Tegin® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycerol monostearate palmitate or shellac, for example shellac KPS Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH).

Waxes in the context of the present invention also include, for example, the so-called wax alcohols. Wax alcohols are relatively high molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols having generally about 22 to 40 carbon atoms. The wax alcohols are present, for example, in the form of wax esters of relatively high molecular weight fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes. Examples of wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or melissyl alcohol. Dispersions according to the invention contain predominantly no waxes as dispersants. The proportion by weight of waxes in the total weight of dispersions according to the invention is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 3% by weight, more preferably less than 2% by weight, very preferably less than 1% by weight and in particular less than 0.5 Dispersions of the invention which do not contain wacrise are particularly preferred.

In a further preferred embodiment, the dispersions of the invention contain in the predominant proportion no paraffin wax (parrafins) as a dispersant. Paraffin waxes consist mainly of alkanes, as well as low levels of iso- and cycloalkanes. The proportion by weight of paraffin waxes in the total weight of dispersions according to the invention is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 3% by weight, more preferably less than 2% by weight, very preferably less than 1% by weight and in particular less as 0.5% by weight. Dispersions according to the invention which contain no paraffin waxes are particularly preferred.

Thermoforming processes, injection molding processes or casting processes are suitable as shaping processes for processing the shell materials, that is to say for producing the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging.

In the context of the present application, the term "deep-drawing process" refers to those processes in which a first film-like envelope material I, after being transferred, is located in a receiving trough located in a die forming the deep-drawing mold and molding the wrapping material is deformed into this receiving trough by the action of pressure and / or vacuum. The shell material may be pre-treated before or during the molding by the action of heat and / or solvent and / or conditioning by relative to ambient conditions changed relative humidity and / or temperatures. The pressure action can be carried out by two parts of a tool, which behave as positive and negative to each other and deform a spent between these tools film when squeezed. However, the action of compressed air and / or the weight of the film and / or the weight of an active substance applied to the upper side of the film is also suitable as pressure forces.

The deep-drawn shell materials are preferably fixed after deep drawing by using a vacuum within the receiving wells and in their achieved by the deep-drawing process space shape. The vacuum is preferably applied continuously from deep drawing to filling until sealing and in particular until separation of the receiving chambers. With comparable results, however, the use of a discontinuous vacuum, for example, for deep drawing of the receiving chambers and (after an interruption) before and during the filling of the receiving chambers, possible. Also, the continuous or discontinuous vacuum can vary in its thickness and, for example, take higher values at the beginning of the process (during deep drawing of the film) than at its end (during filling or sealing or singulation).

As already mentioned, the shell material can be pre-treated by the action of heat before or during the molding into the receiving troughs of the matrices. The shell material, preferably a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer film, is heated to temperatures above 60 ° C. for up to 5 seconds, preferably for 0.1 to 4 seconds, particularly preferably for 0.2 to 3 seconds and in particular for 0.4 to 2 seconds. preferably above 80 ° C, more preferably between 100 and 120 ° C and in particular heated to temperatures between 105 and 115 ° C. In order to dissipate this heat, but in particular also to dissipate the heat introduced by the means filled into the deep-drawn receiving chambers (eg melting), it is preferable to cool the dies used and the receiving troughs located in these dies. The cooling is preferably carried out at temperatures below 20 ° C, preferably below 15 ° C, more preferably at temperatures between 2 and 14 ° C and in particular at temperatures between 4 and 12 ° C. Preferably, the cooling takes place continuously from the beginning of the deep-drawing process to the sealing and separation of the receiving chambers. Cooling fluids, preferably water, which are circulated in special cooling lines within the matrix, are particularly suitable for cooling. This cooling, as well as the previously described continuous or discontinuous application of a vacuum has the advantage of preventing shrinkage of the deep-drawn containers after deep drawing, whereby not only the appearance of the process product is improved, but also at the same time the discharge of the filled into the receiving chambers means the edge of the receiving chamber, for example in the sealing areas of the chamber, is avoided. Problems with the sealing of the filled chambers are thus avoided.

In the deep-drawing process can be between methods in which the shell material is guided horizontally in a forming station and from there in a horizontal manner for filling and / or sealing and / or separating and methods in which the shell material via a continuously rotating Matrizenformwalze (optionally optionally with a counter-guided Patrizenformwalze, which lead the forming upper punch to the cavities of the Matrizenformwalze) is different. The first-mentioned process variant of the flat bed process is to operate both continuously and discontinuously, the process variant using a molding roll is usually continuous. All of the mentioned deep drawing methods are suitable for the production of the inventively preferred means. The receiving troughs located in the matrices can be arranged "in series" or staggered.

A further preferred method used for the production of water-soluble or water-dispersible containers according to the invention is injection molding. Injection molding refers to the forming of a molding material such that the mass contained in a mass cylinder for more than one injection molding plastically softens under heat and flows under pressure through a nozzle into the cavity of a previously closed tool. The method is mainly applied to non-hardenable molding compounds which solidify in the tool by cooling. Injection molding is a very economical modern process for producing non-cutting shaped articles and is particularly suitable for automated mass production. In practical operation, the thermoplastic molding compounds (powders, granules, cubes, pastes, etc.) are heated to liquefaction (up to 180 ° C) and injected under high pressure (up to 140 MPa) in closed, two-piece, that is from Gesenk (earlier Die) and core (formerly male) existing, preferably water-cooled molds, where they cool and solidify. Can be used piston and screw injection molding machines. Suitable molding compositions (injection molding compounds) are water-soluble polymers, for example the abovementioned cellulose ethers, pectins, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, alginates, gelatin or starch.

However, the shell materials can also be cast into molds. The hollow mold of the resulting inventively preferred water-soluble or water-dispersible portioned agent comprises at least one solidified melt. This melt may be a melted pure substance or a mixture of several substances. It is of course possible to mix the individual substances of a multi-substance melt before melting or to produce separate melts, which are then combined. Mixtures of mixtures of substances may be advantageous, for example, when eutectic mixtures are formed which melt significantly lower and thus lower the process costs.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shell material poured into the mold comprises at least partially a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention. Particular preference is given to the production of cast hollow molds which consist entirely of a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention.

Preferred portioned agents according to the invention are characterized in that the hollow mold consists of at least one material or Materialgern isch, whose melting point in the range of 40 to 1000 ° C, preferably from 42.5 to 50O ° C, particularly preferably from 45 to 200 ° C and in particular from 50 to 160 ° C, lies.

Preferably, the material of the melt has a high water solubility, which is for example above 100 g / l, wherein solubilities above 200 g / l in distilled water at 20 ° C are particularly preferred.

Such substances come from the most diverse substance groups. In the context of the present invention, in particular those melts have proven to be suitable as material for the hollow mold, which are selected from the groups of the carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides, dicarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, hydrogen carbonates, hydrogen sulfates,

Polyethylengylcole, Polypropylengylcole sodium acetate trihydrate and / or urea derived. Here, portioned agents according to the invention are particularly preferred in which the material of the hollow mold contains one or more substances from the groups of the carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides, dicarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, bicarbonates, hydrogensulfates,

Polyethylenglycol, Polypropylengylcole sodium acetate trihydrate and / or urea in Miengen of at least 40 wt .-%, preferably at least 60 wt .-% and in particular at least 80 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the mold.

Besides the dicarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids and their salts are also suitable as materials for the production of the open mold. Citric acid and trisodium citrate as well as salicylic acid and glycolic acid have proven to be suitable for this class of substances. With particular advantage, it is also possible to use fatty acids, preferably having more than 10 carbon atoms, and their salts as material for the open mold. As part of the Carboxylic acids which can be used in the present invention are, for example, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), octanoic acid (caprylic acid), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid etc. In the context of the present invention, the use of fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid (lauric acid ), Tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), eicosanoic acid (arachic acid), docosanoic acid (behenic acid), tetracosanic acid (lignoceric acid), hexacosanoic acid (cerotic acid). Triacotinic acid (melissic acid) and the unsaturated secies 9c-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid), 6c-octadecenoic acid (petroselinic acid), 6t-octadecenoic acid (petroselaidic acid), 9c-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid), 9t-octadecenoic acid ((elaidic acid), 9c, 12c-octadecadienoic acid ( Linoleic acid), 9t, 12t-octadecadienoic acid (linolaidic acid) and 9c, 12c, 15c-octadecatreic acid (linolenic acid) For reasons of cost, it is preferred not to use the pure species, but technical mixtures of the individual acids, as they are accessible from fat cleavage. Such mixtures are for example coconut oil (about 6 wt .-% C ₈ , 6 wt .-% C ₁₀ , 48 wt .-% C ₁₂ , 18 wt% C ₁ , 10 wt .-% C ₆ , 2 wt % C ₁₈ , 8% by weight C _1S -, 1% by weight C ₁₈ ••), palm kernel oil fatty acid (about 4% by weight C ₈ , 5% by weight C ₁₀ , 50% by weight). % C ₁₂ , 15% by weight C ₁₄ , 7% by weight C ₁₆ , 2% by weight C ₁₈ , 15% by weight C ₁₈ -, 1% by weight C ₁ l), tallow fatty acid (approx 3 wt.% C ₁₄ , 26 wt.% C ₁₆ , 2 wt.% C ₁₆ -, 2 Wt% C ₁₇ , 17 wt% C ₁₈ , 44 wt% C ₁₈ -, 3 wt% C ₁₈ -, 1 wt% C ₁₈ -), hardened tallow fatty acid (ca. 2 wt .-% C ₁₄ , 28 wt .-% C ₁₆ , 2 wt .-% C ₁₇ , 63 wt .-% C ₁₈ , 1 wt .-% C ₁₈ ), technical oleic acid (about 1 wt. % C ₁₂ , 3 wt .-% C ₁₄ , 5 wt .-% C ₁₆ , 6 wt .-% C ₁₆ -, 1 wt .-% C ₇ , 2 wt .-% C ₁₈ , 70 wt .-% C ₁₈ -, 10 C ₁₈ -, 0.5 wt .-% C ₁₈ -), technical Palmitin / stearic acid (about 1 wt .-% C ₁₂ , 2 wt .-% C ₁ , 45 wt .-% C ₁₆ , 2 wt. -% C ₁₇ , 47% by weight C ₁₈ , 1% by weight C ₁₈ -) and soybean oil fatty acid (about 2% by weight C ₁ , 15% by weight C ₁₆ , 5% by weight C ₁₈ , 25 wt .-% C ₁₈ -, 45 wt .-% C ₁₈ -, 7 wt .-% C ₁₈ -).

The above-mentioned carboxylic acids are technically recovered largely from native fats and oils by hydrolysis. While the alkaline saponification already carried out in the past century led directly to the alkali salts (soaps), today only large amounts of water are used for cleavage, which cleaves the fats into glycerol and the free fatty acids. Examples of industrially applied processes are the autoclave cleavage or continuous high pressure cleavage. The alkali metal loops of the abovementioned carboxylic acids or mixtures of carboxylic acids may also be used for the production of the open mold, optionally in admixture with other materials. Also usable are, for example, salicylic acid and or acetysalicylic acid or their salts, preferably their alkali metal salts.

Other suitable materials which can be processed via the state of the melt into open molds are bicarbonates, in particular the alkali metal bicarbonates, especially sodium and potassium bicarbonate, as well as the hydrogen sulfates, in particular alkali metal hydrogen sulfates, especially potassium hydrogen sulfate and / or sodium hydrogen sulfate. The eutectic mixture of potassium bisulfate and sodium bisulfate, which consists of 60% by weight NaHSO and 40% by weight KHSO ₄ , has also proved to be particularly suitable.

Particularly suitable further melt materials are shown in the following table:

As the table shows, sugars are also suitable materials for the melt. Therefore, further preferred are agents which are characterized by the fact that the material of Hollow form one or more substances from the group of sugars and / or sugar acids and / or sugar alcohols, preferably from the group of sugars, particularly preferably from the group of oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide derivatives, monosaccharides, disaccharides,

Monosaccharide derivatives and disaccharide derivatives and mixtures thereof, in particular from the group consisting of glucose and / or fructose and / or ribose and / or maltose and / or lactose and / or sucrose and / or maltodextrin and / or Isomalt ^® .

Particularly suitable materials for the melt have been found in the context of the present invention, the sugars, sugar acids and sugar alcohols. These substances are generally not only sufficiently soluble but are also characterized by low costs and good processability. Thus, sugar and sugar derivatives, in particular the mono- and disaccharides and their derivatives, for example in the form of their melts process, these melts have a good dissolving power both for dyes and for many washing and cleaning-active substances. The solid bodies resulting from the solidification of the sugar melts are also distinguished by a smooth surface and advantageous appearance, such as a high surface brilliance or a transparent appearance.

Among the group of preferred as material for the melt in the present application sugar from the group of mono- and disaccharides and derivatives of mono- and disaccharides n particular glucose, fructose, ribose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, maltodextrin and Isomalt ^® and Mixtures of two, three, four or more mono- and / or disaccharides and / or the derivatives of mono- and / or disaccharides. So mixtures of isomalt ^® and glucose, isomalt ^® and lactose, isomalt ^® and fructose, isomalt ^® and ribose, isomalt ^® and maltose, glucose and sucrose, isomalt ^® and maltodextrin or isomalt ^® and sucrose as materials for the melt are especially preferred. The proportion by weight of isomalt ^® on the total weight of the above-mentioned mixtures is preferably at least 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 40 wt .-%, and especially at least 80 wt .-%.

Also particularly preferred as material for the melt are mixtures of maltodextrin and glucose, maltodextrin and lactose, maltodextrin and fructose, maltodextrin and ribose, maltodextrin and maltose or maltodextrin and sucrose. The proportion by weight of the maltodextrin in the total weight of the abovementioned mixtures is preferably at least 20% by weight, particularly preferably at least 40% by weight, and in particular at least 80% by weight.

As maltodextrin in the context of the present application by enzymatic degradation of starch obtained water-soluble carbohydrates (dextrose equivalents, DE 3-20) with a Chain length of 5-10 anhydroglucose units and a high proportion of maltose. Maltodextrin are foods to improve the theological u. added caloric properties, taste little sweet u. are not prone to retrogradation. Commercial products, for example from Cerestar, are generally available as spray-dried free-flowing powders and have a water content of from 3 to 5% by weight.

As isomalt ^® is within the scope of the present application, a mixture of 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1, 6-GPS) and 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1,1 GPM). In a preferred embodiment, the weight fraction of the 1,6-GPS in the total weight of the mixture is less than 57% by weight. Such mixtures can be prepared industrially, for example, by enzymatic rearrangement of sucrose into isomaltose and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting isomaltose to form an odorless, colorless and crystalline solid.

The present invention is in a further preferred embodiment, a detergent or cleaning agent in the form of a dispersion according to the invention, which is at least partially comprises of a hollow mold of at least one solidified melt. Particular preference is given to those Holhl forms comprising at least one further solid, wherein the at least one further solid is at least partially cast in the wall of the mold.

In the context of the present invention, the term "hollow mold" denotes a mold enclosing at least one space, whereby the enclosed space can be filled in. In addition to the at least one enclosed space, the mold can have further enclosed spaces and / or not completely enclosed spaces. The mold does not have to consist in the context of the present invention of a uniform Wandrnaterial, but may also be composed of several different materials.

The inclusion of at least one solid in the wall of the mold is possible, for example, by a hollow shell is made of a solidified melt, which surrounds at least one solid at least partially. This hollow shell can then be filled and - for example, by a different composite melt - sealed. The two solidified scels together form the hollow mold of the inventively preferred agent.

Analogously, at least one solid can also be incorporated into the melt at least partially, which closes the hollow shell of solidified melt. Again, the hollow shell of solidified melt and the solidified melt, which forms the "lid", together the hollow mold of the agents according to the invention. In this embodiment, the hollow shell at least partially enclosing a solid at least partially (then the hollow mold contains at least two solids), but it can also be completely free of a solid, because the at least partially enclosed by the occlusive melt solid according to the invention at least partially in the wall the mold poured in front.

The inventively preferred portioned agents comprise a mold. This can be, for example, a hollow shell which is suitable for receiving the dispersion according to the invention and can optionally be closed. However, it is also possible (see above) to produce a hollow shell without solid-state inclusion and to embed at least one solid body in a solidifying melt that seals the mold at least partially. In the wall of this mold at least one further solid body is cast at least partially. In the context of the present invention, "solid" means that the body or bodies do not melt at the melting temperature of the melt itself and do not dissolve in the melt, so that the molten mass is present during cooling to the portioned agents according to the invention before cooling After the melt has cooled, the solids are still discrete regions of the mold wall, but the entire mold is naturally solid.

Preferred washing or cleaning agents according to the invention are characterized in that the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging has been produced at least partially by deep drawing or injection molding or casting.

As already mentioned above, preferred water-soluble or water-dispersible containers are distinguished by a closure part which at least partially seals the water-soluble or water-dispersible container. Such closure parts can be applied to the water-soluble or water-dispersible container, in particular the thermoformed body, the injection-molded body or the melting body by different methods.

In the context of the present application, particular preference is given to agents whose water-soluble or water-dispersible container is connected to the water-soluble or water-dispersible closure part by means of an adhesive.

As adhesives may be used in the context of this application all known in the art for this purpose substances or substance mixtures. However, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers or their mixtures or solutions, in particular aqueous ones, are particularly suitable and particularly preferred in the context of the present application Solutions, these water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers or solutions, in particular aqueous solutions of these mixtures. Particular preference is given to aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxides, gelatin or polymers from the group of starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methylcellulose.

Also preferred are water-soluble hotmelt adhesives, in particular hotmelt adhesives, which comprise a) 40 to 70% by weight of at least one homo- or copolymers with free carboxylic acid groups based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers (component A), b) 15 to 45% by weight of at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane (component B) and c) 10 to 45 wt .-% of at least one inorganic or organic base (component C), d) and 0 to 20 wt .-% of further additives, wherein the sum of the components 100th Wt .-% results

Finally, however, pure solvents, in particular water, or solutions of inorganic or organic salts, in particular aqueous solutions of inorganic or organic salts, can also be used as adhesives and are preferred within the scope of the present application.

The method for bonding the thermoformed body, injection molded body or melting body can be varied within wide ranges depending on the production requirements. In the following, a particularly preferred method for bonding water-soluble or water-dispersible receptacle, in particular of water-soluble or water-dispersible thermoformed body, injection molded or melted bodies are described with water-soluble or water-dispersible closure parts.

In a first preferred method for producing ready-made dispersions according to the invention is a) a filled with a dispersion according to the invention water-soluble or water-dispersible thermoforming or injection molding or a casting made of a dispersion of the invention, preferably a filled with one or more other substances or substance mixtures casting; b) applied with an adhesive; and c) adhesively sealed with a water-soluble or water-dispersible closure part. In a preferred embodiment of this method, the application of the adhesive in step b) takes place by means of a roller, a circulating conveyor belt, a spray device or a stamp.

Closure parts in step c) in preferred process variants are closure parts made of water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers, in which case it is possible, for example, to use film webs or prefabricated closure labels as closure parts.

In a second preferred process for preparing ready-made dispersions according to the invention is a) a filled with a dispersion according to the invention water-soluble or water-dispersible thermoforming body or injection molding or a casting prepared from a dispersion according to the invention, preferably a filled with one or more other substances or substance mixtures casting; b) adhesively sealed with a water-soluble or water-dispersible closure part, which c) was previously treated with an adhesive.

Again, it is preferred to carry out the application of the adhesive by means of a roller, a circulating conveyor belt, a spray device or a stamp, wherein it is particularly preferred in this method to perform the closure part not on its entire surface but only in the areas which actually be glued to the surface of the corresponding body. Here, too, closure parts made of water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers, in particular in the form of film webs or prefabricated closure labels, are preferably used.

When closure members are used in the methods described above which do not properly close the respective body (e.g., film webs), these closure members must be cut to final size following bonding. For this method step, knives and / or punches and / or lasers are preferably used in the context of the present application.

In summary, in the context of the present application, in particular a method for

Prefabrication of inventive dispersions preferred in which a) a washing or cleaning agent in the form of a dispersion of Feststoffteϊ Ichen in a

Dispersants, which, based on their total weight, i) 10 to 65 wt .-% dispersant and ii) 30 to 90 wt .-% of dispersed substances characterized in that the dispersion has a density above 1.040 g / cm ^{3 is} cast to a casting with a receiving chamber; b) the receiving chamber is filled with at least one washing or cleaning active substance; c) the filled receiving chamber is adhesively closed with a water-soluble or water-dispersible closure part; d) wherein the corresponding adhesive has been previously applied by means of a roller, a circulating conveyor belt, a spray device or a stamp on the casting and / or the closure part.

As described above, preferred drawing or injection-molding bodies for the dispersions of the invention or the closure parts for the deep-drawing, injection molding or casting bodies are water-soluble or water-dispersible. In the context of the present application, therefore, preference is given to producing agents in which the corresponding bodies or the corresponding closure parts have / have at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible shell material. Such agents according to the invention are particularly preferred in which the shell materials used comprise a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer.

Particularly preferred agents are characterized in that they comprise at least two different coating materials with different dissolution behavior, these preferably differing on account of their chemical composition. The dissolution behavior of the thermoforming, injection molding or casting and the closure member, which is used to seal the body, can be influenced not only by the chemical composition of the shell materials used, for example, by the thickness of the walls of the thermoforming, injection molding or casting or the walls of the closure parts become. Preferred deep-drawn, injection-molded bodies are characterized in the context of the present application in that the side walls of the receiving chambers consisting of the first shell material have a thickness of from 5 to 2000 .mu.m, preferably from 10 to 1000 .mu.m, more preferably from 15 to 500 .mu.m, very particularly preferably from 20 to 200 microns and in particular from 25 to 100 microns / have. In contrast, preferred casting bodies are characterized in that the wall thickness of the casting bodies, if they have a receiving chamber, is between 0.1 and 25 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 20 mm and in particular between 1 and 15 mm. The sealing part used for sealing preferably has a thickness of 5 to 100 .mu.m, particularly preferably from 6 to 80 .mu.m and in particular from 7 to 50 microns. It is particularly preferred that thermoforming, injection molding or casting body and closure part have different thickness, such thermoforming, injection molding or casting are advantageous, the wall thickness is greater than the wall thickness of the corresponding closure part. As can be seen from the above information, these preferred compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for the controlled release of the active substances contained, in particular the active substances from the group of washing or cleaning agents.

Accordingly, according to the invention, an embodiment according to which the deep-drawn, injection-molded or cast body as a whole is water-soluble, is preferred. H. when used as intended during washing or machine cleaning, completely dissolves when the conditions for release are reached. An essential advantage of this embodiment is that the thermoforming, injection molding or casting body can be at least partially dissolved within a practically relevant short time-as a non-limiting example for a few seconds to 5 minutes-under precisely defined conditions in the cleaning liquor and thus according to the requirements the wrapped content, d. H. the cleaning-active material or several materials in the fleet brings. This release can only be controlled or controlled in different ways.

In a first embodiment of the invention, which is particularly preferred because of advantageous properties, the water-soluble deep-drawing, injection molding or casting body comprises regions that are less soluble or not water-soluble or only water-soluble at relatively high temperatures and regions which are readily soluble in water or soluble in water at low temperature. In other words, the body does not consist of a uniform, in all areas the same water solubility having material, but of materials of different water solubility speed. On the one hand, areas of good water solubility are to be distinguished from areas with less good water solubility, with poor or even absent water solubility or areas in which the water solubility reaches the desired value only at a higher temperature or only at a different pH value or only when the electrolyte concentration has changed achieved, on the other hand. This may result in certain areas of the thermoforming, injection molding or casting body being released under proper conditions when used as intended, while leaving other areas intact. Thus, a body provided with pores or holes is formed, into which water and / or liquor can penetrate, which can dissolve washing-active, rinsing-active or cleaning-active ingredients and remove them from the body. In the same way, systems in the form of multi-chamber thermoforming, injection molding or casting or in the form of nested bodies ("onion system") can be provided. Thus, controlled release systems of the detergent-active, rinse-active or cleaning-active ingredients can be produced.

To form such systems, the invention is not limited. Thus, containers can be provided in which a uniform polymer material has small areas incorporated compounds (for example, salts) which are more soluble in water than the polymeric material. On the other hand, several polymer materials with different water solubility can be mixed (polymer blend), so that the faster soluble polymer material is disintegrated faster under defined conditions by water or the liquor than the slower soluble.

It corresponds to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention that the less well water-soluble areas or water-insoluble areas or only at higher temperature water-soluble areas of Tiefzieh-, injection molding bodies are made of a material chemically substantially that of the well water soluble areas or at lower Temperature corresponds to water-soluble areas, but has a higher layer thickness and / or has a modified degree of polymerization of the same polymer and / or has a higher degree of crosslinking the same polymer structure and / or a higher degree of acetalization (in PVAL, for example with saccharides, polysaccharides, such as starch) and / or has a content of water-insoluble salt components and / or has a content of a water-insoluble polymer. Even taking into account the fact that the containers do not dissolve completely, so portioned detergent compositions according to the invention can be provided, the advantageous properties in the release of active substances, in particular of active substances from the group of detergents or cleaning agents in the respective Fleet exhibit.

In addition to this controlled release by the specific choice of the shell materials used, however, the skilled person still further procedures are available. An alternative approach, which is suitable alone or in combination with the aforementioned control by selecting certain coating materials for the controlled release of active substances or mixtures of active substances, is the integration of one or more "switches" in the aforementioned active substances, mixtures of active substances or active substance preparations.

Possible "switches" which influence the dissolution behavior of the active substances enclosed in the deep-drawing, injection molding or casting bodies according to the invention are, in particularly preferred embodiments, physicochemical parameters. Examples thereof, which should not be construed as limiting, are

the mechanical stability of, for example, an optionally used capsule, coating or optionally used compacted shaped article such as a tablet, which - depending on time, temperature or other parameters - may be a disintegration determining factor; the solubility of optionally used capsules or coatings or matrices in

Dependence on pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength; the dissolution rate of optionally used capsules or coatings or

Matrices depending on pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength; the melting behavior (the melting point) of optionally used capsules or

Coatings or matrices depending on pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength;

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the deep drawing, injection molding or casting body according to the invention comprises at least one active substance or active substance preparation whose release is delayed. The delayed release is preferably carried out by the use of at least one of the means described above, but in particular by the use of different packaging materials and / or the use of selected coating materials, wherein it is particularly preferred that these delayed release when using active substances or mixtures of active substances from the group of detergents or cleaners at the earliest 5 minutes, preferably at the earliest 7 minutes, more preferably at the earliest 10 minutes, most preferably at the earliest 15 minutes and in particular at the earliest 20 minutes after the start of the cleaning or washing process fusible coating materials from the group of waxes or paraffins.

Active substances which are released with particular delay are the fragrances, the polymers, the surfactants, the bleaching agents and the bleach activators. However, fragrances and / or surfactants are particularly preferably released with a delay.

In the context of the present application, washing or cleaning agent casting bodies are therefore particularly preferred in the form of a dispersion of solid particles in a dispersion medium which, based on their total weight, comprises a) from 10 to 65% by weight of dispersing agent and b) from 30 to 90% by weight. dispersed materials, characterized in that the dispersion has a density above 1.040 g / cm ³ , wherein the casting body has a receiving chamber or well which is at least partially filled with a detergent component, the c) 5 to 95 wt .-% surfactants and d) 5 to 95 wt .-% meltable substance (s) having a melting point above 30 ° C and a water solubility speed of less than 20 g / l at 20 ° C e) and optionally further ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents. Preference is given in particular to those casting bodies in which the surfactant c) comprises non-organic surfactants, preferably nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C., preferably above 25 ° C., more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C. and in particular between 26.6 and 43.3 ° C, are used.

Particularly suitable nonionic surfactants are: ethoxylated surfactant (s) consisting of C _6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C _6-20 alkylphenols or C _16-2 o-fatty alcohols and more than 12 mol, preferably more was obtained as 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol (s), ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant, nonionic surfactants of the formula

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O] _x [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _y [CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² ], in which R ^{1 represents} a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or Mixtures thereof, R ² denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x is between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is at least 15; end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j 0R ²

in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl , n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, surfactants of the type

R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ OR ²

in which x represents numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18, polyalkoxylated nonionic surfactants of the general formula are particularly preferred

R ¹ 0 [EO] _x [PO] _y [BO] _z, in which R ^{1 is a} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, x are values between 2 and 30, y are values from 0 to 30 and z is values between 1 and 30; nonionic surfactants of the general formula

R ¹ 0 [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) 0] _x R ²

In which R ^{1 is} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which 1 R 5 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, R ³ is x stands for values between 1 and 30.

As ingredient d) are preferably one or more substances m it with a melting range between 30 and 100 ° C, preferably between 40 and 80 ° C and in particular between 50 and 75 ° C, used, wherein the ingredient b) particularly preferably at least one paraffin wax with a melting range of 30 ° C to 65 ° C. Further preferred ingredients d) are the waxes described above and / or fat (s) and / or triglyceride (s) and / or fatty acids and / or fatty alcohols.

The Wasserlös I I ness Ingredient d) at 20 ^C C is preferably less than 15 g / I, preferably less than 10 g / I, more preferably less than 5 g / I, and especially less than 2 g / I is.

The previously described casting bodies with filled receiving grains or troughs may, for example, have the appearance of the two-phase or multi-phase core tablets known to the person skilled in the art or of the two-phase or multi-phase annular tablets, without actually being subjected to tableting.

Another preferred method for the formulation of detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention is the processing of the dispersions into dimensionally stable bodies with receiving troughs or into hollow bodies and the filling of the further washing- or cleaning-active preparation into this trough or cavity. The resulting combination products can additionally have a ^{'water-soluble} or water-dispersible packaging. In the context of the present application, detergents or cleaning agents are therefore furthermore preferred in which the first washing or cleaning-active preparation a hollow body forms in the cavity of the further washing or cleaning active preparation is at least partially included.

With regard to an increased settling stability, it is preferred that the substances dispersed in the agents according to the invention are used as finely divided as possible. This is particularly advantageous in the case of the polymers, the builders, the inorganic thickeners and the bleaching agents. Here, automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred in which the average particle size of polymers, builders, thickeners or bleaching agents is less than 75 μm, preferably less than 50 μm and in particular less than 25 μm. Compositions according to the invention in which at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight of the dispersed polymers and / or builders and / or bleaches are particularly preferred Particle size below 90 .mu.m, preferably below 80 .mu.m, preferably below 70 .mu.m, more preferably below 60 .mu.m and in particular below 50 .mu.m.

To achieve such particle sizes, the dispersed substances or the dispersions can be ground, for example. Both dry and wet grinding are suitable for grinding. The dry grinding can be carried out in all known in the prior art mills, with only exemplary pin mills, impact mills and air jet mills are listed as suitable equipment. Particularly preferably, the grinding is carried out in an impact mill or air jet mill. For the particularly preferred Naßvermahlung all known in the art grinding plants are also used, with exemplary annular gap ball mills, rolling mills, Kolloimühlen and inline dispersing are to be listed. With particular preference we carried out the wet grinding in a rolling mill.

Another object of the present application is the use of an agent according to the invention as a cleaning agent in a dishwasher.

Examples:

Two detergents of compositions V1 and E1 were prepared. The ingredients of detergent V1 were compressed into tablets. For the preparation of the cleaning agent E1 a part of the STTP, the nonionic surfactant, the ^• bleach activator, the polyacrylate, the glass anticorrosion agents, the silver protective agent and the dispersing agent were kneaded to form a dispersion, the remaining components were added to a powder vermisc-ht This powder forms, together with the dispersion according to the invention the means E1. The density of the dispersion was 1.37 g / cm ³ .

Table 1: Composition of premixes [parts by weight]:

1) percarbonate 2) TAED 3) acrylic acid-sulfonic acid copolymer 4) protease, amylase 5) zinc acetate

manganese sulfate

PEG 3000

dissolution behavior

To determine the solubility, in each case 20 g of the comparative product V1, the combination product E1, the dispersion (E1 dispersion) or the powder (E1 powder) were introduced into the interior of a dishwasher (Miele G 646 PLUS). The main rinse of a standard rinse program (45 ° C) is started. The determination of the solubility is carried out by the measurement of the conductivity, which is recorded via a conductivity sensor. The dissolution process is completed when the maximum conductivity is reached. In the conductivity diagram, this maximum corresponds to a plateau. The conductivity measurement starts with the replacement of the circulation pump in the main wash cycle. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2: dissolution times:

cleaning performance

In an automatic dishwashing machine (Bosch 5302), standardized dishes (milk, baked minced meat, egg yolk, starch) were subjected to a cleaning cycle at 40 ° C. Before each cleaning cycle, 25 g of the cleaning agents V1 or E1 were metered into the dosing box of the dishwashers (Due to its weight proportion of PEG, the agent E1 according to the invention contains less washing- or cleaning-active ingredients than the agent V1) for the same dosing quantity. After cleaning, the cleaning success was tested.

Table 2: Cleaning performance:

Rating scale: 0 = heavy pollution up to 10 = no pollution

Table 2 shows that the agent E1 according to the invention, despite a reduced consumption of washing or cleaning-active substances has a comparison with the conventional means V1 improved cleaning performance.

rinsing

In an automatic dishwashing machine (Bosch 5302), formulations V1 and E1 were evaluated for their rinse performance at 45 ° C. and 21 ° d with standardized ballast soil. Before each cleaning cycle, 25 g of the cleaning agents V1 or E1 were metered into the dosing box of the dishwashers (Due to its weight proportion of PEG, the agent E1 according to the invention contains less washing- or cleaning-active ingredients than the agent V1) for the same dosing quantity. After completion of cleaning ^'of and rinsing was tested.

From Table 3 it can be seen that the agent E1 according to the invention, despite a reduced consumption of substances having washing or cleaning properties, has a rinse-aid result which is improved over the conventional means V1.

Silver corrosion protection

The two manganese sulfate machine dishwashing detergents V1 and E1 were tested for their anti-silver corrosion properties. Silver cutlery was rinsed in a continuously operated dishwasher at a water hardness of 0-1 ^α dH. In Comparative Example C1, 25 g of the cleaning agent V1 were metered in for each cleaning cycle; 25 g of the agent E1 were used in Example E1 according to the invention. The rinsing operation was repeated 50 times under the conditions described above. The overall appearance of the items to be washed was evaluated on the evaluation scale i below.

Table 4: Silver corrosion protection

Rating scale: 0 = no corrosion until 4 = severe corrosion

Table 4 shows that Mittet E1 according to the invention, which contains the silver corrosion inhibitor in the dispersion according to the invention, has significantly better silver corrosion properties under these conditions than the conventional dishwashing detergent.

Claims

claims:

1. washing or cleaning agent in the form of a dispersion of solid particles in a dispersion medium, which, based on their total weight, a) 10 to 65 wt .-% dispersant and b) 30 to 90 wt .-% of dispersed substances

characterized in that the dispersion has a density above 1, 040 g / cm ³ .

2. Washing or cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the dispersant in amounts of 12 to 62 wt .-%, preferably from 17 to 49 wt .-% and in particular from 23 to 38 wt .-%.

3. Washing or cleaning agent according to one of claim e 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises as dispersing agent is a nonionic polymer, preferably a poly (alkylene) glycol, preferably a poly (ethylene) glycol and / or a polypropylene glycol, wherein the weight fraction of the poly (ethylene) glycol in the total weight of all dispersants is preferably between 10 and 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 30 and 80 wt .-% and in particular between 50 and 70 wt.%.

4. Washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least one nonionic surfactant as dispersing agent, preferably at least one endgruppenverschlossenes poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactant, wherein the weight fraction of the nonionic surfactant in the total weight of all dispersants preferably between 1 and 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 2 and 50 wt .-% and in particular between 3 and 40 wt.% Is.

5. Washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 1 to ^' 4, characterized in that at least one dispersant has an average relative molecular weight between 200 and 36,000, preferably between 200 and 6000 and more preferably between 300 and 5000.

6. washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one dispersant has a melting point above 25 ° C, preferably above 35 ° C and in particular above 40 ° C-

7. washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one dispersant has a melting point below 15 ° C, preferably below 12 ° C and in particular below 8 ° C.

8. washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the dispersion has a density above 1.1 g / cm ³ , preferably above 1.2 g ^" -cm ³ , more preferably above 1.3 g / cm ³ and in particular above 1.4 g / cm ³ .

9. Machine dishwashing detergent according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the dispersed substances, based on their total weight, at least 20 vat%, preferably at least 30 wt.%, Particularly preferably at least 40 wt.% And in particular at least 50 wt .-% builders and / or bleaching agents and / or bleach activators and / or washing or cleaning-active polymers and / or glass corrosion inhibitors and / or silver protectants and / or enzymes.

10. Washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the dispersion, based on their total weight, a content of free water below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 7 wt .-%, more preferably below 3 Wt .-% and in particular below 1 wt .-%.

11. Washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging.

12. washing or cleaning agent according to claim 11, characterized in that the water-soluble or water-dispersible packaging at least partially by deep drawing or injection molding or casting was prepared.

13. Washing or cleaning agent according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the water-soluble packaging comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible container and / or at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible closure member, wherein the container and / or the closure member has a wall thickness below 200μm, preferably below 120 .mu.m, particularly preferably below 90 .mu.m and in particular below 70 .mu.m.

14. A detergent or cleaning agent casting body in the form of a dispersion of solid particles in a dispersion medium which, based on its total weight, comprises a) from 10 to 65% by weight of dispersing agent and b) from 30 to 90% by weight of dispersed substances, characterized in that the dispersion is a. Density above 1.040 g / cm ³ , wherein the casting has a receiving chamber or well which is at least partially filled with a detergent component, the c) 5 to 95 wt .-% surfactants and d) 5 to 95 wt .-% meltable substance (s) having a melting point above 30 ° C and a water solubility of less than 20 g / l at 20 ° C e) and optionally further ingredients of detergents or .Reinigungsmitteln comprises

15. Use of a washing or cleaning agent nsch one Ansrpüche 1 to 14 as a cleaning agent in a dishwasher.