EP1602617B1 - Appareil de levage et procédé de mesure de la charge d'un tel appareil - Google Patents

Appareil de levage et procédé de mesure de la charge d'un tel appareil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1602617B1
EP1602617B1 EP05011161A EP05011161A EP1602617B1 EP 1602617 B1 EP1602617 B1 EP 1602617B1 EP 05011161 A EP05011161 A EP 05011161A EP 05011161 A EP05011161 A EP 05011161A EP 1602617 B1 EP1602617 B1 EP 1602617B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
shaft
rope
load
chain hoist
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05011161A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1602617A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Kohlenberg
Franz Schulte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Demag Cranes and Components GmbH
Original Assignee
Demag Cranes and Components GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Demag Cranes and Components GmbH filed Critical Demag Cranes and Components GmbH
Publication of EP1602617A1 publication Critical patent/EP1602617A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1602617B1 publication Critical patent/EP1602617B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/40—Control devices
    • B66D1/48—Control devices automatic
    • B66D1/50—Control devices automatic for maintaining predetermined rope, cable, or chain tension, e.g. in ropes or cables for towing craft, in chains for anchors; Warping or mooring winch-cable tension control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/16—Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable or chain hoist, with a lifting gear having at least one rotating shaft and with a Hublastmess adopted, and a method for determining the lifting load of such a cable or chain hoist.
  • a cable or process is off EP 0 841 298 known.
  • Hoists such as rope or chain hoists have a specified life, which is dependent on the load and the load frequency distribution.
  • an economic use of the hoists requires a high utilization. In order to determine the remaining service life each year, at least the operating hours and the load frequency distribution are therefore required as data.
  • the monitoring data are automatically detected according to these methods and with these devices, possibly stored and displayed via displays, both the devices themselves and the displays are usually located in the hoist. For this purpose, it is known to either make a manual, optical reading of the display or to read out the data electronically by means of the provided interface and corresponding reading device.
  • the lifting load measurement also serves for safety, as the hoists are designed for a maximum lifting load, which must not be exceeded.
  • hoist load measuring devices with measuring elements such as strain gauges are therefore often used, which permit the actual hoisting load to be determined by means of the stretching of the measuring strips. These are usually combined with limit switches.
  • the usual devices have a number of disadvantages. They are complicated and expensive.
  • the strain gauges are usually not directly charged with the full lifting load, but this is mechanically reduced, z. B. via suitable levers. However, this requires an increase in size, in particular the height.
  • only the force acting on the cable strand (or chain) is determined, but this is dependent on the reeving of the rope, so that it must be taken into account in the absolute determination of the lifting load. Also, no measurement without shearing is possible with these devices, as measured in the load line. Overall, therefore, a relatively complex evaluation of the signals and circumstances of the lifting load measurement must be carried out, which requires special electronics for evaluation in order to obtain the desired accuracy.
  • the load cell essentially has a longitudinally extending axle body on a first section designated as a force introduction zone for supporting the cable pulley.
  • Two force measuring zones which have a smaller diameter than the force introduction zone and the bearing zones adjoining the force measuring zones, adjoin each of these laterally on this first force introduction section. In the area of the storage zones, the axle is stored in appropriately trained cheeks.
  • the strain gauges are provided transversely to the longitudinal extent of the axis aligned blind holes, are arranged in the strain gauges. These blind holes are each hermetically welded to the outside with a lid, so that the force measuring system is protected from environmental influences. For reasons of redundancy, in each case a blind bore with strain gauges are arranged in the force measuring zones opposite the cable pulley.
  • the strain gauges can be used to measure the stresses, strains and shears of the material of the axle body in the area of the force measuring zone. The determined measurement signals can then provide information about the load on the pulley.
  • the load on the cable winch is also measured via torque sensors.
  • This winch is characterized essentially by a one-sided cup-shaped bearing support, which serves to receive a hydraulic motor and protrudes into a cable drum of the winch.
  • the output shaft of the hydraulic motor acts via a gear on the cable drum of the winch.
  • torque sensors are arranged in the form of strain gauges, via which the load of the winch in dependence on the deformation of the bearing support can be measured.
  • a torque sensor for a steering shaft or a transmission shaft of a motor vehicle known.
  • the shaft is made of a ferromagnetic material or a non-ferromagnetic material coated with a film of ferromagnetic material.
  • the torque sensor measures contactless torque applied to the shaft by sensing the magnetic permeability of the shaft.
  • the torque sensor has an exciter winding unit with two excitation coils and a sensor winding unit with two sensor coils. Since the magnetic fluxes of the AC excitation coils pass through the shaft, the electrical signals generated in the sensor coils are dependent on the magnetic permeability of the shaft and thus on the torque applied to the shaft.
  • the US 4,766,977 discloses a device for determining the load of an elevator in the event that the elevator is unevenly loaded by the passengers.
  • the torsion on a driven shaft of a cable drum is roofed, which is generated by the difference of the load of the elevator and the counterweight.
  • a sensor operating on the magnetostrictive principle is provided on the shaft of the cable drum outside the drive gear.
  • the EP 08 412 98 A2 discloses a drive and control system for a hoist having a load handler in which a sensor including a force measuring device that measures an axial force on an axle within a reduction gear between the drive motor and the cable drum is used.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a cable or chain hoist with Hublastmess worn and a method for determining the lifting load of rope or Kettenzugen in which the determination of the lifting load is as accurate and structurally simple.
  • the lifting load measuring device should be reliable and inexpensive. Furthermore, a measurement without reeving or regardless of the reeving should be possible.
  • the lifting load measuring device has at least one sensor for detecting the deformation caused by the lifting load of the shaft within the lifting gear and the detected deformation as a size for determining the lifting load, the lifting load can be determined very accurately.
  • the shaft in the region opposite the sensor has first and second zones annularly disposed about the shaft axis, the second zone being positioned radially inward of the first zone, one of the zones having a permanent magnetization is longitudinally oriented in the direction of the shaft axis and the other zone provides a flow return path for the flow generated by the one zone, wherein the one zone is a magnetic field external of the region having a magnetic field component in a circumferential direction with respect to the shaft axis.
  • the shaft of the transmission with the smallest diameter is used for the measurement.
  • the transmission is particularly suitable because the waves there have a low material thickness, which increases the accuracy and speed of the measurement.
  • no additional space is required for the measuring device by the measurement within the transmission and this is also protected.
  • Hublastmess acquired a measurement directly with the hook on the rope ie without reeving possible because the measurement does not have to be located at the rope fixed point.
  • the invention allows a cost-effective production of the measuring device by eliminating the usual lever mechanism.
  • the device is wear-free, since no contact of the components must take place with the moving components.
  • the invention allows far-reaching insights into the statics and kinematics of the hoist by interpreting the measuring signal and enables extensive possibilities for monitoring the hoist.
  • the torsion of the shaft is measured because this type of deformation occurs when the shaft is loaded with the lifting load as the main component.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the shaft in the loaded state tends to deform, ie to twist or twist substantially. This angular deviation about the longitudinal or axial axis of the shaft can be determined and used as a measure of the applied force.
  • the torque transmitted by the individual transmission shafts depends not only on the fixed geometric variables but also on the load hanging on the hook. However, this only applies to the static or the uniformly moving case. In contrast, in the accelerated movement, this must be taken into account when generating the torque on the cable drum. Likewise, the efficiencies based on friction (for example, rope stiffness and bearing friction) be taken into account in the different directions of rotation each with a corresponding sign.
  • the transmitted torque deforms the shaft according to its geometry and material properties.
  • the deformation of the shaft and here in particular the torsion therefore corresponds to the torque which is transmitted.
  • the sensors determine the torque of the shaft, as these are known and available in large numbers. From the torque, the angular deviation occurring during the torsion can be calculated.
  • the sensors work magnetostrictively.
  • the region of the shaft detected by the sensor is provided with a permanent magnetization of specific orientation.
  • the alignment is advantageously carried out in the longitudinal direction of the shaft.
  • This magnetic field is detected by the sensor designed as a magnetic field sensor. If the shaft is deformed or twisted under load, the magnetic field of the shaft changes as a result of its deformation and / or torsion. This effect is called magnetostriction. This change can be detected by the sensor and the lifting load thus determined via the detected deformation.
  • the shaft has at least one zone of permanent magnetization in the region opposite the sensor, the magnetization being oriented essentially longitudinally in the direction of the shaft axis and generating a magnetic field externally of the region having a magnetic field component in the circumferential direction with respect to the shaft axis is detected by the sensor.
  • the permanent magnetization in the wave is created artificially.
  • Corresponding magnetized waves are z. B. from the EP 1 203 209 B1 known.
  • the above-described deformation of the shaft by the load to be lifted or lowered causes a change due to magnetostrictive effects the magnetic properties or change in the shape of the magnetic field introduced into the shaft proportional to the deformation.
  • This change in the magnetic properties or change in the shape of the magnetic field introduced into the shaft can be detected by means of a sensor which, for. B. has one or more coaxial and symmetrically mounted at the same distance special coils. The change in the magnetic properties is thus detected by the sensor or coil and converted into an electrical signal.
  • An appropriate electronics prepares the signal and evaluates it.
  • the sensor may also comprise other suitable magnetic field-sensitive detectors, such as Hall effect semiconductor sensors, resistance sensors, Wiegand and pulse wires, or reed switches.
  • the sensors operate without contact so that signs of wear and disturbances due to contamination are minimized.
  • the shaft is at least partially encompassing holder provided in one embodiment.
  • z. B. two magnetic field sensitive detectors or coils are arranged on opposite sides of the shaft, so that two measurement signals are obtained, by means of which a more accurate measurement and possibly correction of the signals of environmental influences is possible.
  • the holder may be fixed inside and / or on the transmission housing.
  • a signal processing device For processing the raw signals of the sensors, a signal processing device is provided. This can be a separate device. Preferably, however, it is the present in the control electronics of the hoist electronics such. B. microprocessor, etc. to use for the evaluation. As a result, additional parts are saved, which for reasons of maintenance, the simplification of the structure and construction and the reduction of the susceptibility to errors is desired.
  • FIG. 1 shows a designated as a whole with 10 monorail trolley with a frame 11 and an attached hoist 1.
  • the monorail trolley 10 For moving on the lower flange of a rail, not shown, the monorail trolley 10 four rollers 12, which are each pairwise opposite and one of which via a motor 13 is driven.
  • the hoist 1 comprises a cable drum 6 which is driven by a motor 5 via a gear 4, wherein the gear 4 is arranged on one side of the cable drum 6 and on the opposite side a control electronics 8.
  • the transmission 4 comprises at one of its intermediate transmission shafts a sensor 9 for lifting load measurement.
  • a rope 7 is wound, which runs over a guide roller 14 and a lower block 2 with hooks 3.
  • a hanging on the hook 3 load is raised or lowered by winding or unwinding of the rope 7 on the cable drum 6 by appropriate control of the motor 5.
  • the load hanging on the hook 3 generates a torque on the cable drum 6.
  • This torque is transmitted to the motor 5 by the transmission 4 with the corresponding ratios of the intermediate shafts. If the motor 5 generates the same moment, the load is held. If the engine generates a higher torque, the load is lifted. If the motor generates a smaller torque, the load is reduced accordingly.
  • FIG. 2 shows the gear 4 of the hoist 1 in an enlarged view with the housing 15 open.
  • the motor 5 drives via a corresponding motor pinion 16, an intermediate shaft 17 and a further following intermediate shaft 18, an output shaft 19 and above the cable drum 6 at.
  • the respective shafts 17, 18 and 19 each have a bearing designated by the additional letter “A” and a gear designated by the additional letter “B".
  • the gears are used to transmit the rotational movement of a shaft to each subsequent.
  • the sensor 9 is arranged.
  • the sensor 9 comprises a circular attachment 20, followed by a developed arm 21, which merges into an attitude 22.
  • the U-shaped support 22 partially surrounds the intermediate shaft 17, which in this region 17C has a longitudinal magnetization oriented longitudinally in the direction of the shaft axis.
  • sensor coils are arranged as magnetic field sensitive detectors.
  • the intermediate shaft 17 with the sensor 9 goes out FIG. 3 in more detail.
  • the holder 22 of the sensor 9 comprises coils 23. These coils 23 are the actual magnetic field detectors and each arranged in the holder 22, which surrounds the area of permanent magnetization 17 C of the intermediate shaft 17. In the illustrated embodiment, eight coils 23 are provided, wherein on each side of the region 17C four coils are arranged, which are in turn divided into two pairs. The coils 23 are each redundantly wired together and their signals are routed via a line 24 to a signal conditioning and processing unit 25. This can, for. B. accommodated or integrated in the hoist electronic 8.
  • the permanent magnetization of the region 17C of the intermediate shaft 17 or its magnetic field or the change in their orientation can be with outside of the shaft measure these special high-sensitivity coils 23 and the corresponding circuit.
  • the torque transmitted by the individual transmission shafts depends, in addition to the fixed geometric variables, only on the load hanging on the hook 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Palan à câble ou à chaîne (1) comportant un mécanisme de levage (4), qui comporte au moins un arbre rotatif (17), et un dispositif de mesure de charge à lever (9, 17, 23, 24, 25),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de mesure de charge à lever comporte au moins un capteur (9, 23) permettant de détecter la déformation de l'arbre (17), qui est causée par la charge à lever, à l'intérieur du mécanisme de levage (4) et en ce que la déformation détectée est prise comme grandeur pour déterminer la charge à lever et
    le capteur (9) détermine la torsion de l'arbre (17),
    le capteur (9, 23) permettant de détecter la déformation de l'arbre (17) détermine le moment de torsion, l'arbre (17) comporte dans la région (17C) située en face du capteur (9, 23) au moins une zone de magnétisation permanente, la magnétisation étant orientée sensiblement longitudinalement dans la direction de l'axe de l'arbre et générant à l'extérieur de la région un champ magnétique qui comporte une composante de champ magnétique dans une direction périphérique par rapport à l'axe de l'arbre et qui est détecté par le capteur (9, 23), et l'arbre (17) est l'arbre du mécanisme de levage (4) ayant le plus petit diamètre.
  2. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (9, 23) est un capteur de champ magnétique.
  3. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (9, 23) est magnétostrictif.
  4. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (9, 23) détecte la déformation sans contact.
  5. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre comporte, dans la région (17C) située en face du capteur, des première et deuxième zones qui sont disposées annulairement autour de l'axe de l'arbre, la deuxième zone étant positionnée radialement vers l'intérieur par rapport à la première zone, une certaine zone présentant une magnétisation permanente qui est orientée longitudinalement dans la direction de l'axe de l'arbre et l'autre zone réalisant un chemin de retour de flux pour le flux généré par ladite certaine zone, ladite certaine zone générant à l'extérieur de la région un champ magnétique qui comporte une composante de champ magnétique dans une direction périphérique par rapport à l'axe de l'arbre et qui est détecté par le capteur (9, 23).
  6. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour disposer le capteur (9, 23) sur l'arbre (17), il est prévu un support (22) qui enserre au moins partiellement cet arbre.
  7. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le support (22) est fixé à l'intérieur et/ou sur le boîtier du mécanisme.
  8. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu pour chaque région dans le capteur (9) 2 à 8 détecteurs sensibles au champ magnétique, notamment des bobines (23), qui sont disposés, notamment uniformément, autour de la région.
  9. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (9, 23) est câblé de façon redondante.
  10. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un dispositif de traitement de signal (25) pour traiter les signaux provenant du capteur ou des capteurs (9, 23).
  11. Palan à câble ou à chaîne selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de traitement de signal (25) est prévu dans l'électronique de commande (8) du palan (1).
  12. Procédé de détermination de la charge à lever au moyen de palans à câble ou à chaîne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel la torsion, causée par la charge à lever, d'un arbre rotatif (17) du mécanisme de levage (4) est détectée dans un dispositif de mesure de charge à lever (9, 17, 23, 24, 25) du palan (1), et la torsion est utilisée comme grandeur pour déterminer la charge à lever.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la torsion est détectée par un capteur (9, 23) fonctionnant sans contact.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que la torsion est détectée par des effets magnétostrictifs.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la torsion est détectée en utilisant le moment de torsion.
EP05011161A 2004-06-03 2005-05-24 Appareil de levage et procédé de mesure de la charge d'un tel appareil Not-in-force EP1602617B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004027106A DE102004027106A1 (de) 2004-06-03 2004-06-03 Hebezeug mit Hublastmesseinrichtung
DE102004027106 2004-06-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1602617A1 EP1602617A1 (fr) 2005-12-07
EP1602617B1 true EP1602617B1 (fr) 2008-09-10

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05011161A Not-in-force EP1602617B1 (fr) 2004-06-03 2005-05-24 Appareil de levage et procédé de mesure de la charge d'un tel appareil

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7234684B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1602617B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100526195C (fr)
AT (1) ATE407908T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004027106A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2313150T3 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502005005307D1 (de) 2008-10-23
US20050279976A1 (en) 2005-12-22
EP1602617A1 (fr) 2005-12-07
US7234684B2 (en) 2007-06-26
DE102004027106A1 (de) 2005-12-29
ATE407908T1 (de) 2008-09-15
ES2313150T3 (es) 2009-03-01
CN1704327A (zh) 2005-12-07
CN100526195C (zh) 2009-08-12

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