EP1595303A2 - Empilement de cellules electrochimiques - Google Patents

Empilement de cellules electrochimiques

Info

Publication number
EP1595303A2
EP1595303A2 EP04712477A EP04712477A EP1595303A2 EP 1595303 A2 EP1595303 A2 EP 1595303A2 EP 04712477 A EP04712477 A EP 04712477A EP 04712477 A EP04712477 A EP 04712477A EP 1595303 A2 EP1595303 A2 EP 1595303A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell stack
fuel
longitudinal channels
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04712477A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Stelter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Staxera GmbH
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of EP1595303A2 publication Critical patent/EP1595303A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • Fuel cell stacks are used because a single fuel cell element generates only a very low voltage. In order to generate a voltage that can be used for application purposes, several fuel cell elements are therefore connected in series, so that the cell voltages add up.
  • the fuel cell elements are arranged one on top of the other in such a way that a space remains between the fuel cell elements and the separating plates, a fuel gas being provided on one side of the fuel cell element and an oxidizing agent being provided on the other side of the fuel cell element.
  • the spaces between the fuel gas and the oxidizing agent are usually designed in the form of a plurality of channels, so that there is a positive and electrical contact between the fuel line elements and the separating plates between the channels. In this way, heat and electricity generated in the fuel cells can be dissipated.
  • Fuel gases for fuel cell elements are hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas, which is accordingly critical with regard to handling. Hydrogen-containing gas escaping due to a fault or a leak would react, for example, with the atmospheric oxygen in an uncontrolled manner and at least damage result in the fuel cell system. It is therefore known to use internal feed and discharge channels.
  • recesses are provided in the individual fuel cell elements and the separating plates arranged between them, which form the channels in the assembled state of the fuel cell stack. Seals are provided around the recesses, so that a tight channel is formed when the fuel cell stack is appropriately braced. In this way, the required tightness can be ensured rather than with an external fuel gas supply.
  • Fuel gas and the oxidizing agent are provided so that the directions of the gas flows cross.
  • the gas guides are open on the respective sides of the fuel cell stack, the respective gas flowing against the sides of the fuel cell stack.
  • Fuel cell stacks in this so-called cross-flow technology have a relatively poor power density.
  • the external supply of fuel gas is also problematic with regard to the tightness and the inadvertent escape of hydrogen-containing fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas is conducted to the respective fuel cell elements via internal feed channels.
  • the oxidizing agent is supplied externally and guided along the other side of the fuel cell elements in the direction transverse to the flow direction of the fuel gas.
  • a third embodiment shows how the fuel gas and the oxidizing agent can be supplied so that there is a parallel flow direction of the two gases.
  • This Direct current technology or, in the opposite direction of flow, the principle called counter current technology has the advantage that the temperature distribution and the gas concentration are more uniform.
  • the disadvantage is that a lot of feed channels and drainage channels have to be provided, which has a high number of seals and associated Dichtigke 'itsprobleme result.
  • the effort for supplying and discharging the gases to the supply and discharge channels is very large, which makes fuel cell systems with such fuel cell stacks relatively expensive.
  • the internal supply of oxidizing agents is also disadvantageous because the complicated line routing results in a high pressure loss and thus results in a limited oxidizing agent throughput. To compensate, stronger fans can be provided, but this entails additional costs. In addition, the efficiency of the overall system deteriorates because an increased drive power is required for the stronger fans.
  • the limited oxidant throughput has the particular disadvantage that the oxidizing agent, e.g. Air, the heat generated in the fuel cells is insufficiently dissipated.
  • the oxidizing agent e.g. Air
  • a fuel cell stack of the type mentioned at the outset which is characterized in that on the first side of the fuel cell elements, a plurality of parallel longitudinal channels for guiding the fuel gas, a distributor zone which connects the feed channel to the first ends of the longitudinal channels, and one Collection zone, which connects the discharge channel with the respective second end of the longitudinal channels, is provided and on the second side of the fuel cell elements an oxidizing agent guide is formed which runs in the direction of the longitudinal channels and is open to the sides of the fuel cell stack for supplying the oxidizing agent.
  • the fuel cell stack according to the invention has the advantage of improved cooling due to an increased oxidant throughput, a simpler and cheaper construction and an increased reliability. Tensioning of the fuel cell stack is only possible in a small area around the seals, which makes the fuel cell stack very light, which results in a higher vibration tolerance and less construction work.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a fuel cell element with the flow directions of the fuel gas and the oxidizing agent
  • FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional representation of a fuel cell stack with several fuel elements
  • FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional representation of a separating plate
  • FIG. 4 shows the assignment of a fuel cell element to a partition plate
  • FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the feed and discharge channel in a first embodiment
  • Figure 7 shows the arrangement of the feed and discharge channel in a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the underside of a • fuel cell element 2 in a schematic representation.
  • An active region 12 of the fuel cell element 2 is flowed over by fuel gas 13 on the upper side.
  • the fuel gas is fed to the fuel cell element 2 via a feed channel 4.
  • the feed channel 4 is formed by openings in the stacked fuel cell elements and separating plates arranged between them.
  • the fuel gas 13 is guided over the active region 12 of the fuel cell element 2 in longitudinal channels, but these cannot be seen in FIG. 1, since they are formed by the profiling of the separating plates arranged between fuel cell elements.
  • a distributor zone 7 is formed, in which the fuel gas supplied through the feed channel 4 is divided into the individual longitudinal channels.
  • oxidizing agent 15 in the simplest case air, is guided over the underside of the active region 12.
  • the flow direction of the oxidant runs in the same direction as the fuel gas 13.
  • FIG. 2 shows a more specific embodiment of a fuel cell stack according to the invention in a perspective view.
  • the fuel cell stack 1 is cut open on its upper side, so that the separating plate 3 lying under a fuel cell element 2 is visible.
  • Long channels 6 are formed on the separating plate 3 on the upper side, through which the fuel gas 13 is passed and which leaves the fuel cell stack again as exhaust gas 14.
  • a distributor zone 7 is formed in the embodiment of FIG. 2 in that a web 17 is provided at a distance from the ends of the longitudinal channels 6 and delimits the area between the ends of the longitudinal channels 6 and the edge of the separating plate 3. Fuel gas 13 flowing in through the feed channel 4 can be divided into the individual longitudinal channels 6 in the distributor zone 7.
  • the distributor zone 7 is designed such that it tapers along the ends of the longitudinal channels, which results in an improved pressure distribution.
  • the top of the partition plate 3 is profiled so that entering through the feed channel 4
  • Fuel gas 13 cannot flow directly to the discharge duct 5, but must pass through the longitudinal ducts 6.
  • a collecting zone 8 is formed, which is designed in the same way as the distributor zone 7.
  • the oxidant 15 flows parallel to the direction of the longitudinal channels 6 on the other 'side of the partition plate and thus to the underlying fuel cell element along.
  • FIG. 3 shows a partition plate 3 in a detailed representation. Longitudinal channels 6 are formed on the upper side of the separating plate 3 by a multiplicity of parallel grooves. Between the feed channel 4 and the discharge channel 5, the thickness of the separating plate 3 is provided in such a way that the incoming gas cannot flow directly to the discharging channel 5, since the separating plate in this area bears positively on an overlying fuel cell element.
  • An oxidizing agent guide 9 is provided on the underside of the separating plate and extends in the direction of the longitudinal channels 6 on the upper side of the separating plate 3.
  • Another fuel cell element on the underside of the separating plate, but since all separating plates 3 are equipped identically, a further separating plate 3 would lie on top of a fuel cell element resting on the separating plate 3, so that one on the other side of the fuel cell element Oxidizing agent guide 9 adjoins.
  • separating plates 3 are wave-shaped in the section adjoining the active region 12, so that the channels for the fuel gas 13 and for the oxidizing agent 15 are offset.
  • FIG. 4 shows how the fuel assembly from FIG. 3 and a fuel cell element are assembled. It can be seen in particular that the openings in the fuel cell element 2 and the separating plate 3 come to lie one above the other to form the feed channel 4 and the discharge channel 5.
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of a separating plate 3 with the flow direction of the fuel gas shown in a first embodiment.
  • the feed channel 4 and the discharge channel 5 are arranged on the same side of the partition plate 3 and thus of the fuel cell stack.
  • An alternative arrangement is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the openings provided to form the supply and discharge channels are provided in the area of opposite corners of the separating plates 3 and the fuel cell elements. This arrangement can prove to be advantageous when it comes to a very uniform distribution of the fuel gas concentration in the fuel cell element, since the ones to be covered
  • FIG. 1 Another alternative for the arrangement of the openings is shown in FIG. There, the openings for both the feed channel 4 and for the discharge channel 5 are arranged on the side of the first ends of the longitudinal channels 6, that is, where the fuel gas 13 flows into the longitudinal channels 6.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un empilement de cellules électrochimiques composé d'une pluralité d'éléments cellules électrochimiques (2) posés les uns sur les autres, entre lesquels sont placées des plaques de séparation (3) et dans lesquels sont formés des canaux encaissés (4, 5) permettant l'acheminement du gaz de combustion et la dérivation du gaz d'échappement. L'empilement de cellules électrochimiques de cette invention est caractérisé en ce que plusieurs canaux longitudinaux parallèles (6), servant à l'acheminement d'un gaz de combustion, sont formés sur une première face de l'élément cellule électrochimique (2) ; une zone de distribution (7) est formée au niveau de premières extrémités desdits canaux, laquelle zone relie un canal d'acheminement (4) auxdites premières extrémités des canaux longitudinaux (6), et une zone collectrice (8) relie le canal de dérivation (5) aux secondes extrémités des canaux longitudinaux (6). Ledit empilement se caractérise également en ce qu'un moyen d'acheminement d'oxydant (9), s'étendant en direction des canaux longitudinaux (6), est formé sur la seconde face de l'élément cellule électrochimique (2).
EP04712477A 2003-02-20 2004-02-19 Empilement de cellules electrochimiques Withdrawn EP1595303A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10307278A DE10307278B4 (de) 2003-02-20 2003-02-20 Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE10307278 2003-02-20
PCT/DE2004/000306 WO2004075324A2 (fr) 2003-02-20 2004-02-19 Empilement de cellules electrochimiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1595303A2 true EP1595303A2 (fr) 2005-11-16

Family

ID=32841746

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04712477A Withdrawn EP1595303A2 (fr) 2003-02-20 2004-02-19 Empilement de cellules electrochimiques

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8012644B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1595303A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006518538A (fr)
CN (1) CN100595955C (fr)
DE (1) DE10307278B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004075324A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9428166B2 (en) 2013-04-16 2016-08-30 Bwi (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Master cylinder assembly in brake system and piston stop

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100637490B1 (ko) * 2004-09-17 2006-10-20 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 연료 전지용 스택과 이를 갖는 연료 전지 시스템
DE102009013599A1 (de) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 Mtu Onsite Energy Gmbh Brennstoffzellenanordnung mit verbesserter Gasrückführung

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5811202A (en) * 1997-08-05 1998-09-22 M-C Power Corporation Hybrid molten carbonate fuel cell with unique sealing

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US444851A (en) * 1891-01-20 Saw-guide
US4444851A (en) * 1982-06-28 1984-04-24 Energy Research Corporation Fuel cell stack
JPS59188679U (ja) 1983-06-01 1984-12-14 三菱電機株式会社 燃料電池のガス分配装置
FR2564250B1 (fr) * 1984-05-11 1986-09-12 Alsthom Atlantique Ameliorations aux structures des piles a combustible
JPH0775166B2 (ja) * 1984-12-21 1995-08-09 株式会社東芝 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池
JPH05205757A (ja) * 1991-11-26 1993-08-13 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池
US5541015A (en) * 1992-05-12 1996-07-30 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Fuel cell using a separate gas cooling method
JPH07296831A (ja) 1994-04-27 1995-11-10 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 固体電解質燃料電池
US6261710B1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-07-17 Institute Of Gas Technology Sheet metal bipolar plate design for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
GB9915925D0 (en) * 1999-07-08 1999-09-08 Univ Loughborough Flow field plates
US6322919B1 (en) * 1999-08-16 2001-11-27 Alliedsignal Inc. Fuel cell and bipolar plate for use with same
KR100417050B1 (ko) * 1999-10-21 2004-02-05 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 고분자전해질형 연료전지
EP1255315A4 (fr) * 2000-02-08 2010-01-27 Panasonic Corp Pile a combustible electrolytique polymerique
DE10047248A1 (de) * 2000-09-23 2002-04-18 Dornier Gmbh Elektrochemischer Zellenstapel

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5811202A (en) * 1997-08-05 1998-09-22 M-C Power Corporation Hybrid molten carbonate fuel cell with unique sealing

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9428166B2 (en) 2013-04-16 2016-08-30 Bwi (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Master cylinder assembly in brake system and piston stop

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8012644B2 (en) 2011-09-06
JP2006518538A (ja) 2006-08-10
CN1754278A (zh) 2006-03-29
DE10307278A1 (de) 2004-09-09
CN100595955C (zh) 2010-03-24
US20060073374A1 (en) 2006-04-06
WO2004075324A2 (fr) 2004-09-02
DE10307278B4 (de) 2008-03-27
WO2004075324A3 (fr) 2004-10-21

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