EP1594356A1 - Mat used for a vegetation body - Google Patents

Mat used for a vegetation body

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Publication number
EP1594356A1
EP1594356A1 EP04712471A EP04712471A EP1594356A1 EP 1594356 A1 EP1594356 A1 EP 1594356A1 EP 04712471 A EP04712471 A EP 04712471A EP 04712471 A EP04712471 A EP 04712471A EP 1594356 A1 EP1594356 A1 EP 1594356A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mat
nutrients
mat according
partial
felt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04712471A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Behrens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1594356A1 publication Critical patent/EP1594356A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/002—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings consisting of two or more layers, at least one of the layers permitting turfing of the roof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G20/20—Cultivation on mats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/022—Pots for vertical horticulture
    • A01G9/025—Containers and elements for greening walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mat for vegetation bodies, which are known to be used to green roofs or facades of buildings. Both flat roofs and sloping roofs can be considered.
  • vegetation bodies can be used on all artificial levels, such as concrete, asphalt, wood, plastic, metal, etc. It can also be used on natural earth. Such vegetation bodies are known for example from documents DE 197 40 682 C2, DE 199 34 203 C2 and DE 42 19 275 C2.
  • the known vegetation bodies usually consist of several layers arranged one above the other. There is a nutrient layer that contains substrates and possibly also soil and gravel. In addition, there is also a non-woven storage layer that is able to store water. The roots of the plants of the green vegetation body can extend into this storage layer.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a mat that allows a simple structure of a vegetation body with a relatively low weight and 1 smaller thickness.
  • the mat consists of nonwovens or felt or of hygroscopic rock wool.
  • the mat contains nutrients for plants and is also designed to absorb and store water.
  • claim 10 specifies a solution in which the mat is formed by an upper and lower partial mat made of nonwovens or felt or of hygroscopic rock wool.
  • the partial mats are designed so that they can absorb and store water. Plant nutrients are applied to the lower sub-mat, and then the upper sub-mat is placed on the lower sub-mat. Then both partial mats are connected to each other, e.g. B. mechanically by means of threads or by gluing.
  • the invention thus creates a substrate and storage mat which replaces the known nutrient layer of a vegetation body mentioned above.
  • nutrients are introduced into the storage layer made of fleece, which is also mentioned above.
  • the storage Layer formed by nonwovens or felt or from hygroscopic rock wool.
  • the mat according to the invention thus combines the nutrient medium layer and the storage layer into a single layer in the form of the mat. This can save weight and also reduce the thickness of the vegetation body.
  • the mat according to the invention can advantageously be produced in an industrial production with a uniform thickness. It is possible to roll the mat up into a roll for storage or to produce it in the form of flat plates.
  • the mat is light in weight and has no disadvantageous sharp edges that could damage a roof seal.
  • the mat has a comparatively low 'weight, there are only small storage capacity required and also the mat can be stored for a longer period of time. If the mat is applied to a roof, it can be planted directly.
  • the weight per unit area of the nonwovens or the felt of the mat is between 100 g / m a and 10,000 g / m 2 . If the mat is formed by hygroscopic rock wool, the volume weight in an advantageous embodiment of the invention is between 30 kg / m 3 and 200 kg / m 3 .
  • the nonwoven fabric of the mat expediently consists of synthetic fibers and or of natural fibers. It has proven to be advantageous if the nonwoven is made of 60% syn synthetic fibers and 40% natural fibers such as cotton, flax, hemp, etc.
  • the nutrients are supplied in the form of dry or liquid substance when the mat is produced. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash are used as nutrients.
  • the mat also contains trace elements, such as magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, etc., in a further embodiment of the invention, so that overall a balanced supply of nutrients for the plants is achieved.
  • trace elements such as magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, etc.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the mat is provided with holes, as described in the document DE 199 34 203 C2 mentioned at the beginning. This makes the mat permeable to wind, which counteracts the suction forces of the wind on roofs.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a layer of a three-dimensional tangled fabric is arranged on the mat, which contains spaces.
  • Such tangled fabrics which are also referred to as loop mats, ensure erosion protection for the plants that are located within the loop mat.
  • Another development of the invention consists in that a layer of a three-dimensional interwoven fabric with gaps is arranged under the mat. This allows drainage to form, which means that excess water is can flow.
  • the above-mentioned tangled fabrics can either be firmly connected to the mat or laid as loose layers.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a mat according to the invention consisting of two partial mats
  • FIG. 3 shows a mat according to FIG. 1 with a tangled fabric attached at the top
  • FIG. 4 a mat according to FIG. 1 with a tangled fabric attached below
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a vegetation body with a mat according to the invention for greening a flat roof
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic ' representation of a mat according to the invention for greening a facade.
  • the mat 10 shown in Fig. 1 consists of nonwovens or ' felt. - Such mats are made as recycling products.
  • the mat 10 has the property of absorbing and storing water.
  • nutrients 12 distributed over the cross-section. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used as nutrients, which are supplied to the mat 10 in the manufacture of the mat in dry or in liquid substance.
  • trace elements such as magnesium, manganese, copper, iron etc. are also added.
  • soil additives such as clay, water storage granulate, peat, bark humus, clay, activated carbon, etc. can also be added.
  • the mat 10 can consist of synthetic fibers as well as natural fibers such as cotton, flax or hemp. It is also possible to manufacture the mat 10 from a mixture of synthetic fibers and natural fibers. If the mat 10 is used by a nonwoven with a basis weight of 1200 g / m 2 and the mat 10 consists of 60% synthetic fibers and 40% natural fibers, the mat 10 can store about 9 liters per square meter of water.
  • the mat 10 can also be formed by hygroscopic rock wool, which also contains the nutrients 12, trace elements and soil additives.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative tive solution.
  • the mat 10 shown in FIG. 2 consists of an upper partial mat 14 and a lower partial mat 16, both of which are made of nonwovens, felt or rock wool, and which are both able to absorb and store water.
  • the nutrients 12 and additionally trace elements and soil additives are arranged on the lower partial mat 16.
  • the upper partial mat 14 is then placed on the lower partial mat 16, and both partial mats 14, 16 are fastened to one another by sewing. This then creates a complete mat 10, which contains nutrients 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows a mat 10 on which a three-dimensional tangled fabric 18 is arranged at the top.
  • tangled fabrics which consist of plastic filaments, are known per se.
  • the upper tangled fabric 18 is suitable as an erosion protection for plants which can extend above the mat 10 and within the tangled fabric 18.
  • FIG. 4 shows a mat with a lower tangled fabric 20.
  • This tangled fabric 20 can form a drainage in order to remove excess water.
  • the above-mentioned tangled fabrics 18 and 20 can either be firmly connected to the mat 10 or can also be laid as loose layers.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of application of the mat 10 according to the invention in a vegetation body 22 for greening a flat roof. For better clarity, the single 'individual layers of the vegetation body 22 at a distance from each are shown otherwise.
  • the mat 10 according to the invention adjoins the upper vegetation mat 24 which is provided with greenery.
  • Below the mat 10 there is the tangled fabric 20 as a drainage layer, and a seal 26 for the flat roof of a house (not shown in the drawing) follows in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 6 shows the greening of a facade or a building 28 in a schematic representation.
  • the mat 10 according to the invention it is sufficient to attach the mat 10 according to the invention to the vertical structure 26, for. B. ' in that the mat 10 is glued to the structure 28. Then the mat 10, which contains nutrients plus trace elements and possibly also soil additives, can be planted directly.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a mat (10) that is used for a vegetation body, consisting of nonwoven materials, felt or of hygroscopic rock wool and configured to absorb and store water. Said mat (10) contains nutrients (12) for plants.

Description

Matte für Vegetationskörper Mat for vegetation bodies
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Matte für Vegetationskörper, welche bekanntlich angewendet werden, um Dächer oder Fassaden von Gebäuden zu begrünen. Dabei kommen sowohl Flachdächer als auch schräge Dächer in Betracht .The invention relates to a mat for vegetation bodies, which are known to be used to green roofs or facades of buildings. Both flat roofs and sloping roofs can be considered.
Grundsätzlich können Vegetationskörper auf allen künstlichen Ebenen, wie Beton, Asphalt, Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zum Einsatz kommen. Eine Anwendung ist aber auch auf der natürlichen Erde möglich. Derartige Vegetationskörper sind beispielsweise durch die Dokumente DE 197 40 682 C2, DE 199 34 203 C2 und DE 42 19 275 C2 bekannt.Basically, vegetation bodies can be used on all artificial levels, such as concrete, asphalt, wood, plastic, metal, etc. It can also be used on natural earth. Such vegetation bodies are known for example from documents DE 197 40 682 C2, DE 199 34 203 C2 and DE 42 19 275 C2.
Die bekannten Vegetationskörper bestehen üblicherweise aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten Schichten. Dabei gibt es eine Nährboden-Schicht, welche insbesondere Substrate und gegebenenfalls auch Erde und Kies enthält. Daneben ist auch eine Speicher-Schicht aus Vlies vorhanden, welche in der Lage ist, Wasser zu speichern. Die Wurzeln der Pflanzen des begrünten Vegetationskörpers können sich in diese Speicher- Schicht hinein erstrecken.The known vegetation bodies usually consist of several layers arranged one above the other. There is a nutrient layer that contains substrates and possibly also soil and gravel. In addition, there is also a non-woven storage layer that is able to store water. The roots of the plants of the green vegetation body can extend into this storage layer.
Wegen der mehreren Schichten sind die bekannten Vegetations- körper relativ schwer und dick. Dies kann die Handhabung und auch den Transport der Vegetationskörper beeinträchtigen. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Matte zu schaffen, welche einen einfacheren Aufbau eines Vegetationskörpers mit relativ geringem Gewicht und1 kleinerer Dicke ermöglicht .Because of the multiple layers, the well-known vegetation bodies are relatively heavy and thick. This can affect the handling and transportation of the vegetation body. The invention has for its object to provide a mat that allows a simple structure of a vegetation body with a relatively low weight and 1 smaller thickness.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1, und eine weitere Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 10.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1, and a further solution to the object is achieved by the features of claim 10.
Gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1 besteht die Matte aus Vliesstoffen oder Filz oder aus hygroskopischer Steinwolle. Die Matte enthält Nährstoffe für Pflanzen und ist außerdem so ausgebildet, dass sie Wasser aufnehmen und speichern kann.According to claim 1, the mat consists of nonwovens or felt or of hygroscopic rock wool. The mat contains nutrients for plants and is also designed to absorb and store water.
Alternativ gibt der Patentanspruch 10 eine Lösung an, bei der die Matte durch eine obere und untere Teilmatte aus Vliesstoffen oder Filz oder aus hygroskopischer Steinwolle gebildet ist. Auch hier sind die Teilmatten so ausgebildet, dass sie Wasser aufnehmen und speichern können. Auf die untere Teilmatte werden Nährstoffe für Pflanzen aufgebracht, und anschließend wird die obere Teilmatte auf die untere Teilmatte aufgeleg . Danach werden beide Teilmatten miteinander verbunden, z. B. mechanisch mittels Fäden oder auch durch Verkleben.Alternatively, claim 10 specifies a solution in which the mat is formed by an upper and lower partial mat made of nonwovens or felt or of hygroscopic rock wool. Here too, the partial mats are designed so that they can absorb and store water. Plant nutrients are applied to the lower sub-mat, and then the upper sub-mat is placed on the lower sub-mat. Then both partial mats are connected to each other, e.g. B. mechanically by means of threads or by gluing.
Durch die Erfindung wird somit eine Substrat- und Speichermatte geschaffen, welche die weiter oben erwähnte bekannte Nährbodenschicht eines Vegetationskörpers ersetzt. Zu diesem Zweck werden in die ebenfalls oben erwähnte Speicher-Schicht aus Vlies Nährstoffe eingebracht. Dabei wird die Speicher- Schicht durch Vliesstoffe oder Filz oder aus hygroskopischer Steinwolle gebildet. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Matte werden somit die Nährboden-Schicht und die Speicher-Schicht zu einer einzigen Schicht in Form der Matte vereinigt. Dadurch kann Gewicht eingespart werden, und außerdem lässt sich auch die Dicke des Vegetationskörpers verringern.The invention thus creates a substrate and storage mat which replaces the known nutrient layer of a vegetation body mentioned above. For this purpose, nutrients are introduced into the storage layer made of fleece, which is also mentioned above. The storage Layer formed by nonwovens or felt or from hygroscopic rock wool. The mat according to the invention thus combines the nutrient medium layer and the storage layer into a single layer in the form of the mat. This can save weight and also reduce the thickness of the vegetation body.
Die erfindungsgemäße Matte kann vorteilhaft in einer industriemäßigen Produktion mit gleichmäßiger Dicke hergestellt werden. Es ist möglich, die Matte zum Zweck einer Lagerung zu einer Rolle aufzurollen oder auch in Form von ebenen Platten herzustellen. Die Matte ist von geringem Gewicht und besitzt keine nachteiligen scharfen Kanten, welche eine Abdichtung eines Daches beschädigen könnten. Die Matte besitzt ein vergleichsweise geringes' Gewicht, es sind nur geringe Lagerkapazitäten erforderlich, und außerdem ist die Matte auch über einen längeren Zeitraum lagerfähig. Wenn die Matte auf ein Dach aufgebracht wird, kann sie direkt begrünt werden.The mat according to the invention can advantageously be produced in an industrial production with a uniform thickness. It is possible to roll the mat up into a roll for storage or to produce it in the form of flat plates. The mat is light in weight and has no disadvantageous sharp edges that could damage a roof seal. The mat has a comparatively low 'weight, there are only small storage capacity required and also the mat can be stored for a longer period of time. If the mat is applied to a roof, it can be planted directly.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung beträgt das Flächengewicht der Vliesstoffe oder des Filzes der Matte zwischen 100 g/ma und 10.000 g/m2. Wenn die Matte durch hygroskopische Steinwolle gebildet wird, beträgt das Volumengewicht in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung zwischen 30 kg/m3 und 200 kg/m3.According to an advantageous development of the invention, the weight per unit area of the nonwovens or the felt of the mat is between 100 g / m a and 10,000 g / m 2 . If the mat is formed by hygroscopic rock wool, the volume weight in an advantageous embodiment of the invention is between 30 kg / m 3 and 200 kg / m 3 .
In zweckmäßiger Weise besteht der Vliesstoff der Matte aus synthetischen Fasern und oder aus Naturfasern. Als vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, wenn der Vliesstoff zu 60 % aus syn- thetischen Fasern und zu 40 % aus Naturfasern wie Baumwolle, Flachs, Hanf usw. besteht.The nonwoven fabric of the mat expediently consists of synthetic fibers and or of natural fibers. It has proven to be advantageous if the nonwoven is made of 60% syn synthetic fibers and 40% natural fibers such as cotton, flax, hemp, etc.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Nährstoffe in Form von trockener oder flüssiger Substanz zugeführt werden, wenn die Matte produziert wird. Dabei werden als Nährstoffe Stickstoff, Phosphor und Kali verwendet.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the nutrients are supplied in the form of dry or liquid substance when the mat is produced. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash are used as nutrients.
Außer den Nährstoffen enthält die Matte in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung noch Spurenelemente, wie Magnesium, Mangan, Kupfer, Eisen usw. , so dass insgesamt ein ausgewogenes Nährstoffangebot für die Pflanzen erreicht wird.In addition to the nutrients, the mat also contains trace elements, such as magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, etc., in a further embodiment of the invention, so that overall a balanced supply of nutrients for the plants is achieved.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Matte mit Löchern versehen ist, wie dies in dem eingangs erwähnten Dokument DE 199 34 203 C2 beschrieben ist. Dadurch ist die Matte winddurchlässig, wodurch den Sogkräften des Windes auf Dächern entgegengewirkt wird.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the mat is provided with holes, as described in the document DE 199 34 203 C2 mentioned at the beginning. This makes the mat permeable to wind, which counteracts the suction forces of the wind on roofs.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass oben auf der Matte eine Schicht aus einem dreidimensionalen Wirrgewebe angeordnet ist, welches Zwischenräume enthält. Solche Wirrgewebe, die auch als Schlingmatten bezeichnet werden, gewährleisten einen Erosionsschutz für die Pflanzen, die sich innerhalb der Schlingmatte befinden.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a layer of a three-dimensional tangled fabric is arranged on the mat, which contains spaces. Such tangled fabrics, which are also referred to as loop mats, ensure erosion protection for the plants that are located within the loop mat.
Eine andere Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, dass unter der Matte eine Schicht aus einem dreidimensionalen Wirrgewebe mit Zwischenräumen angeordnet ist . Dadurch lässt sich eine Drainage bilden, wodurch überschüssiges Wasser ab- fließen kann. Die genannten Wirrgewebe können entweder fest mit der Matte verbunden werden oder auch als lose Lagen verlegt werden.Another development of the invention consists in that a layer of a three-dimensional interwoven fabric with gaps is arranged under the mat. This allows drainage to form, which means that excess water is can flow. The above-mentioned tangled fabrics can either be firmly connected to the mat or laid as loose layers.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Matte,1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mat according to the invention,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer aus zwei Teilmatten bestehenden erfindungsgemäßen Matte,2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a mat according to the invention consisting of two partial mats,
Fig. 3 eine Matte gemäß Fig. 1 mit einem oben angebrachten Wirrgewebe,3 shows a mat according to FIG. 1 with a tangled fabric attached at the top,
Fig . 4 eine Matte gemäß Fig . 1 mit einem unten angebrachten Wirrgewebe,Fig. 4 a mat according to FIG. 1 with a tangled fabric attached below,
Fig. 5 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht eines Vegetationskörpers mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Matte zur Begrünung eines flachen Daches, und5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a vegetation body with a mat according to the invention for greening a flat roof, and
Fig. 6 eine schematische' Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Matte zur Begrünung einer Fassade . Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Matte 10 besteht aus Vliesstoffen oder' Filz. -Solche Matten sind als Recyclingsprodukte hergestellt. Die Matte 10 hat die Eigenschaft, Wasser aufzunehmen und zu speichern. Innerhalb der Matte befinden sich über den Querschnitt verteilt Nährstoffe 12. Als Nährstoffe können Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kali verwendet werden, die der Matte 10 bei der Herstellung der Matte in trockener oder auch in flüssiger Substanz zugeführt werden. Außer den Nährstoffen 12 werden auch noch Spurenelemente wie -Magnesium, Mangan, Kupfer, Eisen usw. zugegeben. Zusätzlich können auch noch Bodenhilfsstoffe wie Ton, Wasserspeichergranulat, Torf, Rindenhumus, Lehm, Aktivkohle usw. zugeführt werden.Fig. 6 is a schematic ' representation of a mat according to the invention for greening a facade. The mat 10 shown in Fig. 1 consists of nonwovens or ' felt. - Such mats are made as recycling products. The mat 10 has the property of absorbing and storing water. Inside the mat there are nutrients 12 distributed over the cross-section. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used as nutrients, which are supplied to the mat 10 in the manufacture of the mat in dry or in liquid substance. In addition to the nutrients 12, trace elements such as magnesium, manganese, copper, iron etc. are also added. In addition, soil additives such as clay, water storage granulate, peat, bark humus, clay, activated carbon, etc. can also be added.
Die Matte 10 kann sowohl aus synthetischen Fasern als auch aus Naturfasern wie Baumwolle, Flachs oder Hanf bestehen. Es ist auch möglich, die Matte 10 aus einem Gemisch von synthetischen Fasern und Naturfasern herzustellen. Wenn die Matte 10 durch einen Vliesstoff mit einem Flächengewicht von 1.200 g/m2 verwendet wird und die Matte 10 aus 60 % synthetischen Fasern und 40 % Naturfasern besteht, kann die Matte 10 etwa 9 Liter pro Quadratmeter Wasser speichern.The mat 10 can consist of synthetic fibers as well as natural fibers such as cotton, flax or hemp. It is also possible to manufacture the mat 10 from a mixture of synthetic fibers and natural fibers. If the mat 10 is used by a nonwoven with a basis weight of 1200 g / m 2 and the mat 10 consists of 60% synthetic fibers and 40% natural fibers, the mat 10 can store about 9 liters per square meter of water.
Außer aus Vliesstoffen oder Filz kann die Matte 10 auch durch hygroskopische Steinwolle gebildet werden, welche ebenfalls die Nährstoffe 12, Spurenelemente und Bodenhilfsstoffe enthält.In addition to nonwovens or felt, the mat 10 can also be formed by hygroscopic rock wool, which also contains the nutrients 12, trace elements and soil additives.
Während bei der Matte 10..gemäß Fig. 1 die Nährstoffe zuzüglich der Spurenelemente und Bodenhilfsstoffe über den Querschnitt verteilt .angeordnet sind, zeigt Fig. 2 eine alterna- tive Lösung. Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Matte 10 besteht aus einer oberen Teilmatte 14 und ■ einer unteren Teilmatte 16, die beide aus Vliesstoffen, aus Filz oder aus Steinwolle bestehen, und die beide in der Lage sind, Wasser aufzunehmen und zu speichern.1, the nutrients plus the trace elements and soil additives are distributed over the cross-section, FIG. 2 shows an alternative tive solution. The mat 10 shown in FIG. 2 consists of an upper partial mat 14 and a lower partial mat 16, both of which are made of nonwovens, felt or rock wool, and which are both able to absorb and store water.
Auf die untere Teilmatte 16 sind die Nährstoffe 12 und zusätzlich Spurenelemente und Bodenhilfsstoffe angeordnet. Danach wird die obere Teilmatte 14 auf die untere Teilmatte 16 gelegt, und beide Teilmatten 14, 16 werden durch Nähen miteinander befestigt. Dadurch entsteht dann eine komplette Matte 10, welche Nährstoffe 12 enthält.The nutrients 12 and additionally trace elements and soil additives are arranged on the lower partial mat 16. The upper partial mat 14 is then placed on the lower partial mat 16, and both partial mats 14, 16 are fastened to one another by sewing. This then creates a complete mat 10, which contains nutrients 12.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Matte 10, auf der oben ein dreidimensionales Wirrgewebe 18 angeordnet ist. Solche Wirrgewebe, die aus Kunststofffilamenten bestehen, sind an sich bekannt. In Fig. 3 ist das obere Wirrgewebe 18 als Erosionsschütz für Pflanzen geeignet, die sich oberhalb der Matte 10 und innerhalb des Wirrgewebes 18 erstrecken können.3 shows a mat 10 on which a three-dimensional tangled fabric 18 is arranged at the top. Such tangled fabrics, which consist of plastic filaments, are known per se. 3, the upper tangled fabric 18 is suitable as an erosion protection for plants which can extend above the mat 10 and within the tangled fabric 18.
Die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4 zeigt eine Matte mit einem unte ren Wirrgewebe 20. Dieses Wirrgewebe 20 kann eine Drainage bilden, um überschüssiges Wasser abzuführen. Die genannten Wirrgewebe 18 und 20 können entweder fest mit der Matte 10 verbunden werden oder auch als lose Lagen verlegt werden.The illustration according to FIG. 4 shows a mat with a lower tangled fabric 20. This tangled fabric 20 can form a drainage in order to remove excess water. The above-mentioned tangled fabrics 18 and 20 can either be firmly connected to the mat 10 or can also be laid as loose layers.
Fig. 5 zeigt ein Anwendungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Matte 10 bei einem Vegetationskörper 22 zur Begrünung eines flachen Daches. Zur besseren Übersichtlichkeit sind die ein-' zelnen Schichten des Vegetationskörpers 22 im Abstand vonein- ander dargestellt . An die obere und mit einer Begrünung versehene Vegetationsmatte 24 schließt sich nach unten hin die erfindungsgemäße Matte 10 an. Unterhalb der Matte 10 befindet sich als Drainageschicht das Wirrgewebe 20, und es folgt in schematischer Darstellung eine Abdichtung 26 für das in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte flache Dach eines Hauses .5 shows an example of application of the mat 10 according to the invention in a vegetation body 22 for greening a flat roof. For better clarity, the single 'individual layers of the vegetation body 22 at a distance from each are shown otherwise. The mat 10 according to the invention adjoins the upper vegetation mat 24 which is provided with greenery. Below the mat 10 there is the tangled fabric 20 as a drainage layer, and a seal 26 for the flat roof of a house (not shown in the drawing) follows in a schematic representation.
In Fig. 6 ist in schematischer Darstellung die Begrünung einer Fassade bzw. eines Bauwerkes 28 dargestellt. Um eine solche Begrünung durchzuführen, genügt es, an dem senkrechten Bauwerk 26 die erfindungsgemäße Matte 10 zu befestigen, z. B.' dadurch, dass die Matte 10 auf das Bauwerk 28 geklebt wird. Anschließend kann die Matte 10, welche Nährstoffe zuzüglich Spurenelemente und gegebenenfalls auch Bodenhilfsstoffe enthält, direkt begrünt werden. 6 shows the greening of a facade or a building 28 in a schematic representation. To carry out such greening, it is sufficient to attach the mat 10 according to the invention to the vertical structure 26, for. B. ' in that the mat 10 is glued to the structure 28. Then the mat 10, which contains nutrients plus trace elements and possibly also soil additives, can be planted directly.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Matte für Vegetationskörper, gekennzeichnet durch, folgende Merkmale :1. Mat for vegetation bodies, characterized by the following features:
a) Die Matte (10) besteht aus Vliesstoffen oder. Filz oder aus hygroskopischer Steinwolle,a) The mat (10) consists of nonwovens or. Felt or from hygroscopic rock wool,
b) die Matte (10) enthält Nährstoffe (12) für Pflanzen,b) the mat (10) contains nutrients (12) for plants,
c) die Matte (10) ist so ausgebildet, dass sie Wasser aufnehmen und speichern kann.c) the mat (10) is designed so that it can absorb and store water.
2. Matte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Flächengewicht der Vliesstoffe oder des Filzes zwischen 100 g/m2 und 10.000 g/m2 beträgt.2. Mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight per unit area of the nonwovens or of the felt is between 100 g / m 2 and 10,000 g / m 2 .
3. Matte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Volumengewicht der hygroskopischen Steinwolle zwischen 30 und 200 kg/m3 beträgt.3. Mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume weight of the hygroscopic rock wool is between 30 and 200 kg / m 3 .
4. Matte nach Anspruch 1 und/oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vliesstoff aus synthetischen Fasern und/oder Naturfasern besteht.4. Mat according to claim 1 and / or claim 2, characterized in that the nonwoven fabric consists of synthetic fibers and / or natural fibers.
5. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vliesstoff zu 60 % aus synthetischen Fasern und zu 40 % aus Naturfasern (Baumwolle, Flachs, Hanf usw.) besteht.5. Mat according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-4, characterized in that the nonwoven is 60% consists of synthetic fibers and 40% natural fibers (cotton, flax, hemp, etc.).
6. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Matte (1,0) die Nährstoffe (12) in Form von trockener oder flüssiger Substanz bei der Mattenproduktion zugeführt werden.6. Mat according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-5, characterized in that the mat (1,0) the nutrients (12) are supplied in the form of dry or liquid substance during mat production.
7. Matte nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Nährstoffe Stickstoff N, Phosphor P und Kali K zugeführt werden.7. Mat according to claim 6, characterized in that nitrogen N, phosphorus P and potassium K are supplied as nutrients.
8. Matte nach Anspruch 6 und/oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass außer den Nährstoffen (12) noch Spurenelemente, wie Magnesium Mg, Mangan Mn, Kupfer Cu, Eisen Fe usw. zugeführt werden.8. Mat according to claim 6 and / or 7, characterized in that, in addition to the nutrients (12), trace elements such as magnesium Mg, manganese Mn, copper Cu, iron Fe etc. are added.
9. Matte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 - 8 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Matte (10) mit Löchern versehen ist.9. Mat according to one of the preceding claims 1-8, characterized in that the mat (10) is provided with holes.
10. Matte für Vegetationskörper, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale:10. Mat for vegetation bodies, characterized by the following features:
a) Die Matte (10) ist durch eine obere (14) und untere Teilmatte (16) aus Vliesstoffen oder Filz oder aus hygroskopischer Steinwolle gebildet,a) the mat (10) is formed by an upper (14) and lower partial mat (16) made of nonwovens or felt or of hygroscopic rock wool,
b) die Teilmatten (14.., 16) sind so ausgebildet, dass sie Wasser aufnehmen und speichern können, c) auf die untere Teilmatte (16) sind Nährstoffe (12) für Pflanzen aufgebracht,b) the partial mats (14 .., 16) are designed so that they can absorb and store water, c) nutrients (12) for plants are applied to the lower partial mat (16),
d) die obere Teilmatte (14) ist auf die untere Teilmatte aufgelegt,d) the upper partial mat (14) is placed on the lower partial mat,
e) die Teilmatten (14, 16) sind miteinander verbunden.e) the partial mats (14, 16) are connected to one another.
11. .. Matte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass oben auf der Matte (10) eine Schicht aus einem dreidimensionalen Wirrgewebe (18) mit Zwischenräumen angeordnet ist .11. .. Mat according to one of the preceding claims 1-10, characterized in that a layer of a three-dimensional tangled fabric (18) with gaps is arranged on top of the mat (10).
12. Matte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 - 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unter der Matte (10) eine Schicht aus einem dreidimensionalen Wirrgewebe (20) mit Zwischenräumen angeordnet ist . 12. Mat according to one of the preceding claims 1-11, characterized in that a layer of a three-dimensional tangled fabric (20) with gaps is arranged under the mat (10).
EP04712471A 2003-02-19 2004-02-19 Mat used for a vegetation body Withdrawn EP1594356A1 (en)

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DE10307062 2003-02-19
DE10307062 2003-02-19
PCT/DE2004/000320 WO2004073388A1 (en) 2003-02-19 2004-02-19 Mat used for a vegetation body

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CA (1) CA2512923A1 (en)
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US20060150500A1 (en) 2006-07-13
WO2004073388A1 (en) 2004-09-02

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