EP1593288B1 - Elektrodynamischer akustischer wandler - Google Patents

Elektrodynamischer akustischer wandler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1593288B1
EP1593288B1 EP04708831A EP04708831A EP1593288B1 EP 1593288 B1 EP1593288 B1 EP 1593288B1 EP 04708831 A EP04708831 A EP 04708831A EP 04708831 A EP04708831 A EP 04708831A EP 1593288 B1 EP1593288 B1 EP 1593288B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
transducer
acoustic
moving membrane
rigid surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04708831A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1593288A2 (de
Inventor
Patrik Hoffmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROETELZEICHNUNG HOLDING AG
Original Assignee
Rotelzeichnung Holding AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rotelzeichnung Holding AG filed Critical Rotelzeichnung Holding AG
Publication of EP1593288A2 publication Critical patent/EP1593288A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1593288B1 publication Critical patent/EP1593288B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/26—Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an acoustic transducer or speaker type electrodynamic for the emission of sound waves from a modulated electrical signal.
  • Traditional transducers or speakers comprise a frame (13 and 23), generally metal on which are fixed the various active elements, movable membrane (17 and 27) and its suspension (18 and 28) and a motor (14-16 and 24-26) putting this membrane in motion.
  • This motor can be of the electromagnetic, piezoelectric or electrostatic type.
  • the mobile membrane generates a resulting acoustic wave (11 and 21) in the direction of its displacement (12 and 22) and according to the electric current modulating the sound signal to be reproduced.
  • the figure 1 represents, in section, a transducer having a large diaphragm, more particularly intended for the reproduction of low frequencies to medium.
  • the figure 2 represents, in section, a transducer more specialized in the reproduction of high frequencies and is characterized by a smaller membrane and generally comprising a voice coil located on the periphery of this membrane.
  • a transducer can be added an acoustic flag that improves its performance by a better acoustic coupling between the membrane (solid) and the surrounding environment (air) by a gradual transition of pressure.
  • These transducers of which there is a very large number of variations, are mainly characterized by the direction of the resulting sound wave parallel to the direction of movement of the membrane. Their acoustic radiation is not homogeneous in all directions with the exception of special devices called "pulsating spheres" whose direction of the resulting sound radiation is always parallel to the direction of movement of the membrane.
  • transducer the ESS loudspeaker, invented in the United States by Dr. Oscar Heil, (principle following the figure 3 ) consists of a pleated membrane (37) on which is printed a conductive strip (39), this membrane is located in the air gap of a magnet (66) via a circuit magnet (35) for distributing the magnetic induction over the entire membrane.
  • This device allows, by a tightening or a spacing (32) of the folds of the membrane according to the modulation current, to obtain the suction and the alternative expulsion of the air located between these folds and thus the generation of a resulting acoustic wave (31).
  • the sound radiation has a pronounced directivity, moreover, the very small amplitude of the fold movements of this membrane does not allow to obtain the reproduction of low frequencies.
  • a third type of transducer (next figure 4 ), invention of Sawafugi and Tadashi, is an extrapolation of an acoustic transducer operating by flexion of a flexible membrane. It uses two symmetrical flexible membranes (47), fixed at one end in a housing (43), and placed in compression and extension by a flat voice coil (49) located in the air gaps (46) of two magnets (44).
  • the operating mode of this transducer which is very compact, is dependent on the symmetrical bending operation of the membranes and does not make it possible to obtain particular directivity characteristics.
  • the particular arrangement of the constituent elements of the transducer according to the invention makes it possible to generate acoustic radiation, according to the current of modulation, by compression and expansion of the air mass located between a movably fixed membrane, by means of a suspension device, on a rigid frame and a rigid fixed anvil surface, also fixed rigidly to the same frame , this membrane and this anvil have the characteristic of being arranged face to face, the direction of the resulting acoustic wave is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the membrane.
  • the distance separating the membrane and the fixed surface will be slightly greater than the maximum half excursion of the membrane in order to avoid any risk of direct contact between these two elements.
  • This mode of generating an acoustic wave makes it possible to produce electroacoustic transducers with directivity characteristics different from those of conventional loudspeakers.
  • the setting in motion of the membrane, according to the modulation current can be done by means of an electromagnetic type motorization as shown in the drawings illustrating the invention, but this motorization can also be of piezoelectric type (following figure 10 ), electrostatic type or other.
  • the figure 10 shows a variant of the first proposed implementation. Its particularity consists in motorizing the membrane (107) by a device comprising a single or composite crystal rod with piezoelectric properties (106b) which deforms according to the modulation current applied to the bar by the electrical connections (104b). The movements resulting from the deformations of the bar (106b) are mechanically transmitted to the membrane (107) by a rigid and light element (1 09b). The resulting sound radiation (101) is perpendicular to the direction of movement (102) of the membrane (107). The shape, profile and dimensioning of the various elements depends on their electrical or mechanical characteristics as well as the frequency spectrum to be reproduced. The other elements of the device according to the figure 10 are identical by their functions to the equivalent elements of the first implementation following Figures 5 and 6 .

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Elektroakustischer Wandler, bestehend aus :
    - einem Chassis (3) ;
    - einer Festfläche (10), die fest an dem oben genannten Chassis (3) fixiert ist ;
    - einer beweglichen Membran (7), die am genannten Chassis (3) flexibel befestigt und der genannten Festfläche (10) gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist ; mit einer Luftmasse zwischen der genannten Festfläche (10) und der oben erwähnten beweglichen Membran (7), wobei die Distanz zwischen der genannten Festfläche (10) und der genannten flexiblen Membran (7) vom Mittelpunkt zur Peripherie hin zunimmt ;
    - und ein Antriebselement (4, 5, 9, 9b), um die genannte bewegliche Membran (7) in Richtung (2) der genannten Festfläche (10) mittels eines modulierten elektrischen Stroms fortzubewegen ;
    wodurch die Fortbewegung der genannten Membran (7) durch Kompression und Expansion der Luftmasse eine Schallwelle erzeugt, deren Ausbreitungsrichtung (1) wesentlich im rechten Winkel zur Bewegungsrichtung (2) der genannten Membran (7) erfolgt.
  2. Elektroakustischer Wandler, gemäss des Patentanspruchs 1, bei dem die genannte Festfläche (10) und die genannte bewegliche Membran (7) symmetrisch und zylinderförmig um eine Achse liegen, die parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung (2) der erwähnten beweglichen Membran (7) verläuft, wodurch der daraus entstehende Schall in alle Richtungen abstrahlt, und zwar im rechten Winkel zur Bewegungsrichtung (2) der genannten beweglichen Membran (7).
  3. Elektroakustischer Wandler, gemäss einer der zuvor genannten Patentansprüche, bei dem die oben genannte Festfläche (10) eine konvexe Kalotte aufweist.
  4. Elektroakustischer Wandler, gemäss Patentanspruch 3, bei dem die genannte bewegliche Membran (7) gleichfalls eine konvexe Kalotte aufweist.
  5. Elektroakustischer Wandler, gemäss Patentanspruch 3, bei dem die genannte bewegliche Membran (7) sich ringförmig darstellt.
  6. Elektroakustischer Wandler, gemäss Patentanspruch 1, der gleichfalls Schallwände (12) besitzt, die im rechten Winkel zur genannten beweglichen Membran (7) und zur genannten Festfläche (10) angeordnet sind, sodass die dazwischen liegende Luftmasse reduziert wird, wodurch die Schallabstrahlung zu einer gerichteten Strahlung wird.
  7. Elektroakustischer Wandler, gemäss einer der Patentansprüche 1, 2 oder 6, der ebenfalls einen Schalltrichter besitzt, um die Kopplung zwischen beweglicher Membran (7) und der umgebenden Luft zu verbessern.
  8. Elektroakustischer Wandler, gemäss einer der vorausgehenden Patentansprüche, bei dem das oben erwähnte Antriebselement elektromagnetischer (4, 5, 9), piezoelektrischer (9b) oder elektrostatischer Art ist.
  9. Die gesamte Erfindung besteht aus einer Vielzahl von elektroakustischen Wandlern, gemäss einer der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, von denen jeder einzelne für die Wiedergabe eines bestimmten Frequenzbereichs geeignet ist, und die übereinander in einer parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung (2) der genannten beweglichen Membran (7) verlaufenden Achse angeordnet sind.
EP04708831A 2003-02-10 2004-02-06 Elektrodynamischer akustischer wandler Expired - Lifetime EP1593288B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0301521A FR2851115B1 (fr) 2003-02-10 2003-02-10 Transducteur acoustique generant un rayonnement sonore par compression et expansion d'une masse d'air situee entre une membrane mobile et une surface fixe ou entre deux membranes mobiles
FR0301521 2003-02-10
PCT/IB2004/000298 WO2004071128A2 (fr) 2003-02-10 2004-02-06 Transducteur acoustique electrodynamique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1593288A2 EP1593288A2 (de) 2005-11-09
EP1593288B1 true EP1593288B1 (de) 2009-04-08

Family

ID=32731894

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04708831A Expired - Lifetime EP1593288B1 (de) 2003-02-10 2004-02-06 Elektrodynamischer akustischer wandler

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7426281B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1593288B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE428271T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004020447D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2325261T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2851115B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2004071128A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008062373A1 (en) * 2006-11-23 2008-05-29 Nxp B.V. Membrane for an electroacoustic transducer and acoustic device
EP3261360B1 (de) * 2013-10-16 2020-02-26 Bang & Olufsen A/S Vorrichtung zur neuverteilung von akustischer energie
RU2716287C1 (ru) * 2019-03-12 2020-03-11 Владимир Борисович Комиссаренко Электроакустический преобразователь
EP3739904B1 (de) * 2019-05-14 2024-10-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Akustisches biegewandlersystem und akustische vorrichtung
EP4207797A1 (de) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-05 Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH Lautsprecher

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE356544A (de) * 1925-01-09
GB1591184A (en) * 1977-04-20 1981-06-17 Ard Anstalt Electroacoustic transducers
JPS5843091U (ja) * 1981-09-17 1983-03-23 澤藤　正 電気音響変換器用振動板
US4525604A (en) * 1983-06-07 1985-06-25 Electro-Voice, Incorporated Horn loudspeaker with convex diaphragm
US4776428A (en) * 1987-11-16 1988-10-11 Belisle Acoustique Inc. Sound projection system
US5701358A (en) * 1994-07-05 1997-12-23 Larsen; John T. Isobaric loudspeaker
US5987148A (en) * 1998-10-13 1999-11-16 Hsieh; Chen-Hugh Driver for a horn radiator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602004020447D1 (de) 2009-05-20
ES2325261T3 (es) 2009-08-31
FR2851115B1 (fr) 2008-01-25
EP1593288A2 (de) 2005-11-09
US20060147076A1 (en) 2006-07-06
WO2004071128A2 (fr) 2004-08-19
US7426281B2 (en) 2008-09-16
WO2004071128A3 (fr) 2004-09-30
FR2851115A1 (fr) 2004-08-13
ATE428271T1 (de) 2009-04-15

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