EP1592915B1 - Pressurised container - Google Patents

Pressurised container Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1592915B1
EP1592915B1 EP04709141A EP04709141A EP1592915B1 EP 1592915 B1 EP1592915 B1 EP 1592915B1 EP 04709141 A EP04709141 A EP 04709141A EP 04709141 A EP04709141 A EP 04709141A EP 1592915 B1 EP1592915 B1 EP 1592915B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure tank
lids
cylindrical pressure
layer
reinforcement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04709141A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1592915A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Büchler
Gerhard Buttkewitz
Georg Harzfeld
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/08—Integral reinforcements, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/013—Reinforcing means in the vessel, e.g. columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0665—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments radially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0668—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments axially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/067—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments helically wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0673—Polymers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2154—Winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cylindrical pressure vessel made of fiber-reinforced plastic for storing gases.
  • the prior art is characterized by pressure vessels containing an inliner of metal or plastic. On the inliner, the fiber-reinforced plastic is applied by means of a winding process.
  • the axial strength is realized by longitudinal windings and the circumferential strength separated by circumferential windings.
  • the inliner serves as a scaffold for the application of the fiber-reinforced plastic and as a barrier to the permeation of gases.
  • the strength of the pressure vessel is achieved by the application of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the inliner increases the weight of the component.
  • a problem that precludes the use of the largest possible volume of the known container relates to the fact that the end faces of the pressure vessel are always formed as a convex dome. Due to the shape of the dome an unfavorable volume utilization is given.
  • the modification of the dome by a so-called isotensoidal shape and the modification of the fiber distribution and angle can mitigate this problem only conditionally.
  • DE 197 49 950 A shows a container with arranged in the cavity of the container with the cladding layer connected support elements, which may be formed as threads and are passed through corresponding guide channels.
  • the cladding layer is held in a specific shape and the support elements assume the function of a seam.
  • the disadvantage of these arrangements is that the reinforcing structures must absorb the pressure in all directions.
  • the resulting shape of the pressure vessel is inevitable, since the windings must be offset at an angle.
  • the general requirements for minimizing weight and volume are best met by a spherical pressure vessel in the first approach.
  • the disadvantages of a spherical pressure vessel consist in the very complex production and the unfavorable use of space in an assembly z. B. in a vehicle.
  • WO 92/06324 describes a cylindrical container.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a pressure vessel, which allows a significant improvement in the design of the pressure vessel with little effort.
  • this object is achieved in that reinforcing structures which consist of fiber strands (primarily carbon fibers) arranged uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical pressure vessel, which are exactly aligned axially and parallel between flat lids, whereby the forces caused by the internal pressure axially acting forces are received, and are enclosed by a separate circumferentially directed radially acting reinforcing layer, which receives the radially acting forces.
  • reinforcing structures consist of fiber strands (primarily carbon fibers) arranged uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical pressure vessel, which are exactly aligned axially and parallel between flat lids, whereby the forces caused by the internal pressure axially acting forces are received, and are enclosed by a separate circumferentially directed radially acting reinforcing layer, which receives the radially acting forces.
  • a container is formed by the helical winding of a largely unidirectional fiber layer, which is thickened at the ends.
  • the spirally wound Unidiretationallagen with the thickenings at the two ends of the lid or part of the lid are formed.
  • the fiber orientation of the layer is in the area transverse to the winding direction.
  • the thickenings can also be oriented in another direction or be made of a different material.
  • circumferential radially acting reinforcing layers are applied which form the end of the pressure vessels.
  • One embodiment provides, to increase the gas tightness of the pressure vessel, to wrap barrier layers between the outer layer of the axial reinforcing structures passing therethrough and the circumferential radially acting reinforcing layer, which largely overlap.
  • the lids which form the end faces of the pressure vessel, are made of suitable, lightweight metallic materials or of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • For receiving the reinforcing structures slots can be regularly introduced at an angle, but different in depth.
  • the reinforcing materials are oriented almost completely in the direction of the forces that occur. From both properties results in a significant improvement in the weight-specific storage capacity. The production is simplified.
  • the pressure vessel after Fig. 1 arises by the arrangement of axially penetrating reinforcing structures 1, preferably impregnated monofilaments of carbon fibers or other high-strength thread-like strands, inside a cylinder. They are evenly distributed over the cross-sectional area. and are anchored in flat lids 7.
  • the cover 7 are also formed by a winding technology from the strand material or miteingewickelt from another material.
  • a metallic connection 5 for the fittings is embedded in the composite material.
  • these reinforcing strands are arranged very densely so that they can be covered with a barrier layer 3. Then the radial reinforcing layers 2 are wound on these, which form the outer end of the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessel after Fig. 2 and 3 is formed by winding a semifinished product, consisting of a base layer of substantially unidirectional scrim with applied at the ends of thickenings 8 as axial through reinforcing structures 1.
  • the thickenings are preferably also formed by composite material and may additionally contain barrier layers 6.
  • the semifinished product is usually preimpregnated with a matrix system.
  • the winding can be done on a metallic reinforcing tube 4, which simultaneously carries the fittings. In this case, the tube 4 must have openings for flowing through the storage medium.
  • the semifinished product is aligned so that the direction of the fibers in the base layer coincides with the axial direction of the pressure body.
  • the thickenings 8 in the edge region form the same as the axial end of the pressure hull.
  • a radially acting barrier layer 3 can be applied. On this is then oriented in the circumferential direction radially acting reinforcing layer. 2

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention can be used for the pressurized storage of gases. The aim of the invention is to provide a pressurized container consisting of fibre-reinforced plastic with flat or practically flat lids. To achieve this, wound axially aligned reinforcement structures run through the interior of the body and absorb the major part of the required forces on their plane of alignment. The invention is characterized in that fibre strands are distributed uniformly over the cross-sectional surface of the cylindrical pressurized container, are aligned axially and fixed to flat or practically flat lids. In one advantageous embodiment of the invention, a container is formed by the spiral winding of an essentially unidirectional fibre-layer, which is thicker at its edges. Reinforcement layers, which are arranged in a circumferential direction and exert a radial action, cover the reinforcement strands or the spirally wound unidirectional fibre-layer, said layers forming the casing of the pressurized container.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen zylindrischen Druckbehälter aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff zur Speicherung von Gasen.The invention relates to a cylindrical pressure vessel made of fiber-reinforced plastic for storing gases.

[Stand der Technik][State of the art]

Der Stand der Technik ist gekennzeichnet durch Druckbehälter, die einen Inliner aus Metall oder Kunststoff enthalten. Auf dem Inliner wird der faserverstärkte Kunststoff mittels eines Wickelverfahrens aufgebracht. Dabei wird die axiale Festigkeit durch Längswicklungen und die Umfangsfestigkeit durch Umfangswicklungen getrennt realisiert.The prior art is characterized by pressure vessels containing an inliner of metal or plastic. On the inliner, the fiber-reinforced plastic is applied by means of a winding process. The axial strength is realized by longitudinal windings and the circumferential strength separated by circumferential windings.

Als wesentliches Element der Behälter dient der Inliner als Stützgerüst für die Aufbringung des faserverstärkten Kunststoffs sowie als Barriere gegenüber der Permeation von Gasen. Die Festigkeit des Druckbehälters wird durch das Aufbringen von faserverstärktem Kunststoff erreicht.As an essential element of the container, the inliner serves as a scaffold for the application of the fiber-reinforced plastic and as a barrier to the permeation of gases. The strength of the pressure vessel is achieved by the application of fiber-reinforced plastic.

Nachteil der oben beschriebenen Ausführung ist, dass der Inliner das Gewicht des Bauteils erhöht. Zudem ergibt sich in den Bereichen der Dome eine ungünstige Materialverteilung, da es im Bereich der Pole der Dome durch den Wickelvorgang zu einer nicht festigkeitsbegründeten Materialanhäufung kommt.Disadvantage of the embodiment described above is that the inliner increases the weight of the component. In addition, results in the areas of the dome unfavorable material distribution, as it comes in the field of poles of the dome by the winding process to a non-strength-based material accumulation.

Ein Problem, das der Nutzung des größtmöglichen Volumens der bekannten Behälter entgegensteht, betrifft die Tatsache, dass die Stirnseiten der Druckbehälter stets als konvexe Dome ausgebildet sind. Durch die Form der Dome ist eine ungünstige Volumenausnutzung gegeben.A problem that precludes the use of the largest possible volume of the known container relates to the fact that the end faces of the pressure vessel are always formed as a convex dome. Due to the shape of the dome an unfavorable volume utilization is given.

Die Modifizierung der Dome durch eine sogenannte isotensoide Form und die Modifizierung der Faserverteilung und Winkel kann dieses Problem nur bedingt entschärfen.The modification of the dome by a so-called isotensoidal shape and the modification of the fiber distribution and angle can mitigate this problem only conditionally.

DE 197 49 950 A zeigt einen Behälter mit im Hohlraum des Behälters angeordneten mit der Hüllschicht verbundenen Stützelementen, welche als Fäden ausgebildet sein können und durch entsprechende Führungskanäle hindurchgeführt sind. Dadurch wird die Hüllschicht in einer bestimmten Form gehalten und die Stützelemente übernehmen die Funktion einer Naht. DE 197 49 950 A shows a container with arranged in the cavity of the container with the cladding layer connected support elements, which may be formed as threads and are passed through corresponding guide channels. As a result, the cladding layer is held in a specific shape and the support elements assume the function of a seam.

Auch bei der Anordnung aus US-A-5 704 514 werden Fasern zwischen den Wänden eines Gehäuses gespannt und verknotet. Es werden keine Verstärkungsstrukturen offenbart, die in lediglich eine Kraftrichtung wirken.Also in the arrangement US-A-5,704,514 fibers are stretched between the walls of a housing and knotted. No reinforcing structures are disclosed which act in only one direction of force.

Der Nachteil dieser Anordnungen ist es, dass die Verstärkungsstrukturen den Druck in alle Richtungen aufnehmen müssen. Die dadurch entstehende Form des Druckbehälters ist unvermeidlich, da die Wicklungen im Winkel versetzt erfolgen müssen. Die allgemein gestellte Anforderungen, dass Gewicht und Volumen zu minimieren, wird durch einen kugelförmiger Druckbehälter im ersten Ansatz am besten erfüllt. Die Nachteile eines kugelförmigen Druckbehälter bestehen in der sehr aufwendigen Herstellung und der ungünstigen Raumausnutzung bei einer Montage z. B. in ein Fahrzeug.The disadvantage of these arrangements is that the reinforcing structures must absorb the pressure in all directions. The resulting shape of the pressure vessel is inevitable, since the windings must be offset at an angle. The general requirements for minimizing weight and volume are best met by a spherical pressure vessel in the first approach. The disadvantages of a spherical pressure vessel consist in the very complex production and the unfavorable use of space in an assembly z. B. in a vehicle.

WO 92/06324 beschreibt einen zylindrischen Behälter. WO 92/06324 describes a cylindrical container.

[Aufgabe der Erfindung]OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Druckbehälter zu entwickeln, der eine wesentliche Verbesserung bei der Auslegung des Druckbehälters mit geringem Aufwand ermöglicht. Dazu ist ein Druckbehälter aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff mit ebenen oder nahezu ebenen Deckeln zu realisieren, wodurch die oben genannten Nachteile reduziert werden, die darin bestehen, dass die als konvexe Dome ausgebildeten Stirnseiten der zylindrischen Druckbehälter der Nutzung des größtmöglichen Volumens der bekannten Behälter entgegensteht.The invention has for its object to develop a pressure vessel, which allows a significant improvement in the design of the pressure vessel with little effort. For this purpose, a pressure vessel made of fiber-reinforced plastic with flat or almost flat lids to realize, whereby the above-mentioned disadvantages are reduced, which consist in that designed as a convex dome end faces of the cylindrical pressure vessel precludes the use of the largest possible volume of the known container.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass Verstärkungsstrukturen, welche aus Fasersträngen (vorrangig Kohlefasern) bestehen, gleichmäßig verteilt über die Querschnittsfläche des zylinderförmigen Druckbehälters angeordnet, die genau axial ausgerichtet sind und zwischen ebenen Deckeln parallel verlaufen, wodurch die durch den Innendruck hervorgerufenen axial wirkenden Kräfte aufgenommen werden, und von einer separaten umfangsgerichteten radial wirkenden Verstärkungsschicht umschlossen werden, welche die radial wirkenden Kräfte aufnimmt.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that reinforcing structures which consist of fiber strands (primarily carbon fibers) arranged uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical pressure vessel, which are exactly aligned axially and parallel between flat lids, whereby the forces caused by the internal pressure axially acting forces are received, and are enclosed by a separate circumferentially directed radially acting reinforcing layer, which receives the radially acting forces.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass durch das spiralförmige Aufwickeln einer weitgehend unidirektionalen Faserschicht, die an den Enden aufgedickt ist, ein Behälter gebildet wird. Durch das spiralförmige Aufwickeln der Unidirektionallagen mit den Aufdickungen an den beiden Enden werden die Deckel oder ein Teil der Deckel gebildet.An advantageous further development of the invention provides that a container is formed by the helical winding of a largely unidirectional fiber layer, which is thickened at the ends. The spirally wound Unidirektionallagen with the thickenings at the two ends of the lid or part of the lid are formed.

Die Faserorientierung der Schicht ist in der Fläche quer zur Wickelrichtung. Die Aufdickungen können auch in anderer Richtung orientiert oder aus einem anderen Material gefertigt sein.The fiber orientation of the layer is in the area transverse to the winding direction. The thickenings can also be oriented in another direction or be made of a different material.

Über die Verstärkungsstränge bzw. die spiralförmig aufgewickelten unidirektionalen Faserschicht werden umfangsgerichtete radial wirkenden Verstärkungsschichten aufgebracht, die den Abschluss der Druckbehälter bilden.By way of the reinforcing strands or the spirally wound unidirectional fiber layer, circumferential radially acting reinforcing layers are applied which form the end of the pressure vessels.

Eine Ausführung sieht vor, zur Erhöhung der Gasdichtheit des Druckbehälters Barriereschichten zwischen der äußeren Schicht der hindurchgehenden axialen Verstärkungsstrukturen und der umfangsgerichteten radial wirkenden Verstärkungsschicht zu wickeln, die sich weitgehend überlappen.One embodiment provides, to increase the gas tightness of the pressure vessel, to wrap barrier layers between the outer layer of the axial reinforcing structures passing therethrough and the circumferential radially acting reinforcing layer, which largely overlap.

Die Verwendung der ebenen Deckel der Behälter wurde überraschend gefunden und stellt eine technische Lösung zur Verfügung, die es ermöglicht, eine Reihe von Vorteilen bei der Gestaltung der gewickelten Druckbehälter zu verwirklichen.The use of the flat lid of the containers has surprisingly been found and provides a technical solution which makes it possible to realize a number of advantages in the design of the wound pressure vessels.

Die Deckel, die die Stirnseiten des Druckbehälters bilden, bestehen aus geeigneten, leichten metallischen Materialien oder aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff. Für die Aufnahme der Verstärkungsstrukturen können Schlitze regelmäßig im Winkel, jedoch unterschiedlich in der Tiefe eingebracht werden.The lids, which form the end faces of the pressure vessel, are made of suitable, lightweight metallic materials or of fiber-reinforced plastic. For receiving the reinforcing structures slots can be regularly introduced at an angle, but different in depth.

Gleichzeitig wird dadurch die Lösung ermöglicht, die Armaturen des Druckbehälters gasdicht mit den Gasanschlüssen zu verbinden.At the same time the solution is made possible to connect the fittings of the pressure vessel gas-tight with the gas connections.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich durch eine Reihe von Vorteilen aus:The invention is characterized by a number of advantages:

Es ist kein Inliner notwendig.There is no inliner necessary.

Die Verstärkungsmaterialien sind nahezu vollständig in Richtung der auftretenden Kräfte orientiert. Aus beiden Eigenschaften ergibt sich eine deutliche Verbesserung des gewichtsspezifischen Speichervermögens. Die Fertigung ist vereinfacht.The reinforcing materials are oriented almost completely in the direction of the forces that occur. From both properties results in a significant improvement in the weight-specific storage capacity. The production is simplified.

Die Integration in Anlagen ist durch die günstigere Formgebung raumsparender möglich und damit eine Erhöhung der volumetrischen Speicherdichte gegeben.The integration in plants is possible by the cheaper shape space-saving and thus given an increase in the volumetric storage density.

[Beispiele][Examples]

Die Erfindung ist anhand der folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following embodiments.

Es zeigen :

Fig. 1
Druckbehälter mit Fasersträngen
Fig. 2
Druckbehälter mit Unidirektionallagen
Fig. 3
Unidirektionallagen
Show it :
Fig. 1
Pressure vessel with fiber strands
Fig. 2
Pressure vessel with unidirectional layers
Fig. 3
Unidirektionallagen

Der Druckbehälter nach Fig. 1 entsteht durch die Anordnung von axial hindurchgehenden Verstärkungsstrukturen 1, vorzugsweise imprägnierte Einzelfäden aus Kohlefasern oder anderen hochfesten fadenförmigen Strängen, im Innern eines Zylinders. Sie sind gleichmäßig über die Querschnittsfläche verteilt. und werden in ebenen Deckeln 7 verankert. Die Deckel 7 werden über eine Wickeltechnologie ebenfalls aus dem Strangmaterial gebildet oder aus einem anderen Material miteingewickelt.The pressure vessel after Fig. 1 arises by the arrangement of axially penetrating reinforcing structures 1, preferably impregnated monofilaments of carbon fibers or other high-strength thread-like strands, inside a cylinder. They are evenly distributed over the cross-sectional area. and are anchored in flat lids 7. The cover 7 are also formed by a winding technology from the strand material or miteingewickelt from another material.

Bevorzugt im Zentrum der Deckel wird ein metallischer Anschluss 5 für die Armaturen in das Compositmaterial eingebettet.Preferably in the center of the lid, a metallic connection 5 for the fittings is embedded in the composite material.

In der äußeren Begrenzung des Druckraumes werden diese Verstärkungsstränge sehr dicht angeordnet, so dass Sie mit einer Barriereschicht 3 belegt werden können. Auf diese werden dann die radialen Verstärkungsschichten 2 aufgewickelt, die den äußeren Abschluss des Druckbehälters bilden.In the outer boundary of the pressure chamber, these reinforcing strands are arranged very densely so that they can be covered with a barrier layer 3. Then the radial reinforcing layers 2 are wound on these, which form the outer end of the pressure vessel.

Der Druckbehälter nach Fig. 2 und 3 entsteht durch das Aufwickeln eines Halbzeugs, bestehend aus einer Grundschicht aus im wesentlichen unidirektionalem Gelege mit an den Enden aufgebrachten Aufdickungen 8 als axiale hindurchgehende Verstärkungsstrukturen 1. Die Verdickungen werden bevorzugt ebenfalls durch Verbundwerkstoff gebildet und können zusätzlich Barriereschichten 6 enthalten. Das Halbzeug wird üblicherweise mit einem Matrixsystem vorimprägniert. Das Aufwickeln kann auf einem metallischen Verstärkungsrohr 4 erfolgen, das gleichzeitig die Armaturen trägt. Dabei muss das Rohr 4 Öffnungen zum Durchströmen des Speichermediums besitzen.The pressure vessel after Fig. 2 and 3 is formed by winding a semifinished product, consisting of a base layer of substantially unidirectional scrim with applied at the ends of thickenings 8 as axial through reinforcing structures 1. The thickenings are preferably also formed by composite material and may additionally contain barrier layers 6. The semifinished product is usually preimpregnated with a matrix system. The winding can be done on a metallic reinforcing tube 4, which simultaneously carries the fittings. In this case, the tube 4 must have openings for flowing through the storage medium.

Beim Aufwickeln wird das Halbzeug so ausgerichtet, dass die Richtung der Fasern in der Grundschicht mit der axialen Richtung des Druckkörpers übereinstimmt. Die Aufdickungen 8 im Randbereich bilden dabei gleich den axialen Abschluss des Druckkörpers.During winding, the semifinished product is aligned so that the direction of the fibers in the base layer coincides with the axial direction of the pressure body. The thickenings 8 in the edge region form the same as the axial end of the pressure hull.

Auf dem entstandenen spiralförmigen Kern kann eine in radialer Richtung wirkende Barriereschicht 3 aufgebracht werden. Auf dieser liegt dann eine in Umfangsrichtung orientierte radial wirkende Verstärkungsschicht 2.On the resulting spiral core, a radially acting barrier layer 3 can be applied. On this is then oriented in the circumferential direction radially acting reinforcing layer. 2

[Bezugszeichenliste][REFERENCE LIST]

1.1.
hindurchgehende Verstärkungsstrukturenpassing reinforcing structures
2.Second
radial wirkende Verstärkungsschichtradially acting reinforcing layer
3.Third
Barriereschichtbarrier layer
4.4th
metallisches Verstärkungsrohrmetallic reinforcement tube
5.5th
metallischer Anschlussmetallic connection
6.6th
zusätzliche Barriereschichtadditional barrier layer
7.7th
Deckelcover
8.8th.
Aufdickungthickening

Claims (6)

  1. A cylindrical pressure tank having means for receiving forces including:
    reinforcement structures (1) which are disposed evenly distributed over the cross section area of said cylindrical pressure tank, which are axially oriented exactly, and run in parallel between plane lids (7) whereby the axially acting forces caused by the internal pressure will be received,
    characterized in that
    said reinforcement structures consist of fiber strands and that they are enclosed by a separated, circumferentially directed, radially acting reinforcement layer (2) which receives the radially acting forces.
  2. A cylindrical pressure tank as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that
    said reinforcement structures (1) consist of helically coiled unidirectional layers of a composite material that have thickenings (8) at the end, and thus forming said lids (7) or a portion of said lids during winding up and are enclosed by a circumferentially directed, radially acting reinforcement layer (2).
  3. A cylindrical pressure tank as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
    barrier layers (3) are applied for reduction of the permeation of gases between the outer layer of said axial reinforcement structures (1) passing through the inner space of said pressure tank and said circumferentially directed, radially acting reinforcement layer (2).
  4. A cylindrical pressure tank as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that
    a strip-like coiled, overlapping barrier layer (3) is disposed.
  5. A cylindrical pressure tank as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
    said lids (7) are formed of lightweight metallic materials or fiber reinforced plastics which are slotted regularly angular but varyingly deep, and said passing axial reinforcement structures (1) are secured in said slots.
  6. A cylindrical pressure tank as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fittings are connected gas-tightly with said lids (7).
EP04709141A 2003-02-11 2004-02-07 Pressurised container Expired - Lifetime EP1592915B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10305397A DE10305397B4 (en) 2003-02-11 2003-02-11 pressure vessel
DE10305397 2003-02-11
PCT/EP2004/001136 WO2004072542A1 (en) 2003-02-11 2004-02-07 Pressurised container

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EP1592915A1 EP1592915A1 (en) 2005-11-09
EP1592915B1 true EP1592915B1 (en) 2009-04-01

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US (1) US20060138150A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1592915B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2006519961A (en)
AT (1) ATE427451T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2514960A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10305397B4 (en)
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WO (1) WO2004072542A1 (en)

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CA2514960A1 (en) 2004-08-26
JP2006519961A (en) 2006-08-31
ATE427451T1 (en) 2009-04-15
DE10305397A1 (en) 2004-09-09
ES2325397T3 (en) 2009-09-03
US20060138150A1 (en) 2006-06-29
DE10305397B4 (en) 2005-07-14
EP1592915A1 (en) 2005-11-09
DE502004009266D1 (en) 2009-05-14
WO2004072542A1 (en) 2004-08-26

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