DE19952611A1 - High pressure container for the food industry comprises a metal inner layer with fiber reinforced layers of progressively increasing modulus wound around the outside - Google Patents

Abstract

Cylindrical center part comprises fiber-reinforced construction with an internal contact layer. Fibers in each layer are aligned at 0-\!90 deg to each other. Different extensions during operation produce local bulges in the circumferential direction which vary in size according to pressure and act as sealing lips against the container ends covers. A cylindrical center part(2) comprises a fiber-reinforced construction with an internal contact layer(4). Fibers in each layer(5) are aligned at 0-\!90 deg to each other, the angle in each layer changing to give an increasing E-modulus and maximum load from inside to outside. Different extensions during operation produce local bulges in the circumferential direction which vary in size according to pressure and act as sealing lips against the container ends covers(3). An Independent claim is made for a process for producing the high pressure vessel in which fiber layers(9) are built up on a high strength metal liner(4), the arrangement and type of fibers being varied so that the fibers with the lowest E-modulus are wound on first, followed by those of higher E-modulus. Intermediate layers(6) are arranged between the individual fiber layers. Covers are then added to both ends of the center part.

Description

The invention relates to a high-pressure container and a method for its Manufacturing, which can preferably be used in the food industry but can also be used in other technical areas.

For years, we have been manufacturing pressure vessels and high-pressure vessels Composite materials used primarily as fiber reinforced steel containers are trained.  

A generic method is known from US Pat. No. 4,559,974. At This method is essentially longitudinal, around the hollow body to be reinforced juxtaposed screw turns, a variety of light, high-strength, inorganic, non-conductive and non-metallic yarns. The individual Yarn is drawn from one spool at a time, with a plurality of spools in one Bobbin holder is arranged, and the individual stripped yarns are put together bundled and wetted with a resin before winding onto the hollow body. This known method has in connection with the use of a thermosetting resin Comparison to a thermoplastic as the matrix material of the fiber composite material Disadvantages that it is less recyclable, longer processing times, a large one Moisture absorption and low temperature resistance as well as elongation at break owns.

The so-called Spiflex process is known from EP OS 0060 856, in which a fiber reinforced thermoplastic, which was previously prepared as a semi-finished tape, under Preload is wound on the hollow body to be reinforced.

This method has the disadvantages that the manufacture of the applied Tape compared to the previously described wet winding technology additional costs caused, so that the procedural advantages of using Thermo plast can be achieved as a matrix material, again economically be made.

To overcome this disadvantage, DE 44 08 637 A1 describes a method for Production of a body reinforced with a fiber composite material, in particular for Bottles or containers of metal or plastic, for holding a gaseous one Medium under pressure, which is longitudinally around the body, essentially next to it opposing screw turns, a variety of light, high-strength, inorganic or organic, non-conductive or conductive and non-metallic Yarns are wound up. The individual fiber strands or fibers are each from pulled off a bobbin and bundled and wrapped up with one before winding onto the body wettable plastic material impregnated. The method is inventive  adjustable tension and when winding the single yarn with a Polymer melt made of thermoplastic impregnated and every single winding layer temperature is regulated, smoothed and / or cooled.

The use of pressure vessels manufactured in this way is limited because these pressure vessels are used for the high pressure area are not suitable.

In the area of the food industry, the latest process technologies relate to Preservation and preservation of food on high pressure treatment of these foods, particularly liquid foods at suitable high pressure containers are subjected to a high pressure treatment.

In the high-pressure application for the preservation of food, the 3-di dimensional structure of the molecules affected, with large molecules such. B. proteins, Enzymes, polysaccharides are significantly more susceptible, while smaller molecules, such as. B. Amino acids, vitamins, flavorings are influenced little or not at all. Molecules with a high molecular weight are denatured and thus their function is changed different. Low molecular weight substances that are important for taste, color and nutritional value are intact.

These benefits of high pressure treatment procedures are especially for life interesting in the medium-sized sector, since these treatment methods do not cause thermal damage of the products to be treated hardly affect the aromas and Vitamin levels are made, and no additives are added to preservatives required so that the product quality is maintained.

On the other hand, there are high expenses for realizing this high-pressure loading handling process, since the required containers / systems with considerable manufacturing costs are connected.

The known pressure vessels are designed as reactor vessels, which consist of a smooth, forged cylinder with forged reinforcements on both ends are. Considering the prevailing pressures of up to 10,000 bar, such  Pressure vessels are formed with such wall thicknesses, so that from the Advantages resulting from high pressure treatment are largely eliminated.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a high-pressure container and a Develop processes for its manufacture in which various media and products can be handled, stored and transported at the prevailing pressures of over 10,000 bar.

According to the invention the object is achieved with the features of claims 1 and 10.

Special configurations and advantageous solutions of the invention result from the subclaims.

A high-pressure container was thus created, the cylindrical middle part of which was designed in this way is that a voltage harmonization is achieved across the container wall thickness. This in the way that the modulus of elasticity for the manufacture of the central part of the High-pressure container used fiber layers is changed from the inside to the outside, by the individual fibers both in terms of their portable tension and poss elongation to their permissible stress and strain limits. This is achieved by varying the angle of the fiber layers to be wound up, the type of fiber and its volume content in the composite.

The angle of the fiber layers to be applied depends on the respective one Winding layer and winding layer and can be between 0 and 90 °. This in the way and Way that the winding angle in the axial direction and at the start of winding approximately 0 ° is and 90 ° for the circumferential winding, the winding angle from the inside to the outside increases.

It is also inventive that as the angle increases from the inside out parallel to this, the fibers to be applied with the lower moduli of elasticity on the inside lie and the fibers with higher moduli outside. The winding directions are both right- and left-handed, so that cross windings are formed.  

The central part, consisting of a fiber composite, is the centerpiece in the broadest sense of the high-pressure container, wherein this middle part is designed so that inside the Fiber composite a metallic contact layer is provided, which in the broadest sense represents a metallic sleeve, an inner matrix that is applied by the Fiber layers is protected on the outside and offers the possibility on the inside treat and store different media and products in this pressure vessel and to transport and for example in the high pressure treatment of food, the required hygienic conditions are met and, on the other hand, protection of the fiber composite.

It is also part of the invention that between the individual formed from fibers Fiber composite layers so-called pressure wave absorbing intermediate layers can be arranged to ensure that through a targeted arrangement Redirection of reaction forces from the circumferential force into an absorbing longitudinal force can take place, thus this produced from the individual fiber composite layers Fiber composite with the individual intermediate layers represents a damped spring and also works in this way. What is supported by a particular constellation Fiber composite material and the intermediate layers.

The entire high-pressure container also includes a sealing cap, which is the cylindrical one Limit and close the middle section laterally, with the sealing cover firmly attached to the Middle part are connected, but are designed so that an opening of the high pressure container, for loading and unloading the media and products.

A high pressure container manufactured in this way ensures that the container wall in Load case can absorb tension evenly over the entire cross-section, what is realized by the fiber composite layers to be applied by using the starting innermost fiber composite layer, which has a lower modulus of elasticity and the then the following fiber composite layers outwardly following one with each Have fiber composite layer increasing modulus of elasticity. These changes affect the mechanical characteristics, which is due to changes in the winding angle of the  to be applied fiber layer and matrix materials, the fiber volume contents and the tensions of the fibers to be applied is reached.

Glass fibers and carbon fibers can be used as fibers, the Use of other types of fibers is possible.

In the event of a load, that is to say in the operating state of the high-pressure container, it happens different circumferential strains and different strains in Axis direction over the container wall thickness, and thus in the circumferential direction The resulting local arches change in size parallel to the pressure and practice thus a load-compliant sealing lip-like function compared to the container cover off.

The innermost laminate layer is covered by a hygiene layer, preferably made of stainless steel, lined, which is also designed so that the large stretches in the circumferential direction without damage or leaks, for example by Lamellar structures or through corrugated tube-like surfaces with variable structure, the Corrugated tube structure is elastically backed.

The invention will be explained in more detail with the following exemplary embodiment.

The associated drawings show in

Fig. 1 shows a high-pressure vessel in half-section,

Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the structure from the central part,

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the winding layers of the individual fibers,

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the high-pressure container with a closure lid,

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the high pressure vessel.

The basic representation of the high-pressure container 1 according to FIG. 1 gives an overall overview of the design of the high-pressure container, which consists of the middle part 2 and the sealing caps 3 provided on both sides and the metallic contact layer 4 , which is designed as a metallic sleeve and made of a high-strength material is.

The connection or the arrangement of the closure cover 3 to the middle part 2 is shown here in FIG. 1 in principle with the connecting elements 18 , which can be designed as pull rods, for example.

The middle part 2 consists of a fiber composite 8 , which is produced in the winding process from individual fiber composite layers 5 made of fibers and the contact layer 4 designed as a metallic sleeve.

The structure and design of the fiber composite 8 is shown in FIG. 2, which for the sake of simplicity only shows a part of the fiber layers 9 .

It is shown that individual intermediate layers 6 are provided between the respective fiber layers 9 , which act to absorb pressure waves and thus have a positive effect on the pressure load on the entire high-pressure container 1 . This is done in such a way that reaction forces are diverted from the circumferential force into the more easily absorbable "longitudinal forces", thus creating a more favorable voltage curve for the entire high-pressure container 1 , as a result of which the high pressures in the operating state are better controlled statically and in terms of strength.

The arrangement of these intermediate layers 6 , in conjunction with the individual fiber layers 9 , as a whole represents a damped spring as far as possible, which is realized via a certain fiber-resin combination, that is, the materials used for these elements.

With the anisotropic design of the high-pressure container 1 , especially its middle part 2 , a voltage harmonization is achieved in the entire system. This by changes tion of the elasticity modules in the individual fiber composite layers 5 and thus in the entire fiber composite 8 such that the total elasticity module due to the fibers used, their winding position and geometric shape, is increasingly changed from the inside to the outside.

Epoxy resin-bonded glass, aramid and carbon fibers are used.  

The winding angle 17 of each individual fiber composite layer 5 , in an angular range from 0 to 90 °, is an expression of the mathematical function depending on the value of the prevailing pressure and the size of the interior 10 of the high-pressure container 1 , the winding regime being an essential basis for the structure, Design and pressure resistance of the high-pressure container 1 forms.

The winding regime, shown schematically in FIG. 3, shows that the individual fiber layers 9 are applied in an alternating sequence and that the winding angle 17 is in the angular range from 0 to 90 °. The changing winding sequence is indicated in FIG. 2 with the plus and minus signs for the respective winding position.

The contact layer 4 provided , designed as a metallic sleeve, once represents the inner space 10 of the high-pressure container 1 , in which foods to be treated, preferably meat / meat products, are accommodated in order to be able to be subjected to high-pressure treatment and, on the other hand, this contact layer 4 is satisfied further on the task of achieving protection of the matrix of the fiber composite 8 , in particular taking into account the pressure peaks that occur.

Further variants of a high-pressure container 1 also result in the representations of FIGS . 4 and 5.

In the high-pressure vessel 1 according to Fig. 4 is a high-pressure vessel 1 with a central part 2 with the associated bottom and a side associated Ver end cover 3 which is formed with an inner cover 13. The closure mechanism in this high-pressure container 1 is designed as a biasing system 14 which braces the entire closure system to the central part 2 , closes the high-pressure container 1 and acts pressure-equalizing, pressure-compressing.

In the high-pressure vessel 1 according to Fig. 5 is a constructive tion in Schweißkon formed high-pressure container 1, its bottom welded 15 by a weld 16 to the central portion 2. The accessibility of the interior 10 in this embodiment is realized via a closure system in which the closure cover 3 is removable or pivotally arranged. It is also possible with this embodiment that the locking system is designed analogously to the tensioning system 14 according to FIG. 4.

The presented high-pressure container 1 guarantees a better component quality compared to the conventional containers and their manufacturing processes and is characterized by a higher manufacturing reliability and a high load capacity.

In the known conventional methods of wet winding, the fibers are z. B. in wetted in an epoxy resin bath and wound up wet. After that takes place under rotating Movement of the winding body curing the winding in an oven. Finally plasticization of the container is necessary in order to comply with the different moduli of elasticity of the materials used To ensure tensions at operating and test pressure.

In contrast, the proposed winding methodology and the use of fibers used in the high pressure vessel a voltage harmonization over the total container wall thickness achieved, this from the inside out modifying elasticity modules of the individual fiber composite layers. This both in With regard to the portable tension as well as possible stretch up to its permissible Stress and strain limits.

As already mentioned, as materials for the fibers to be used, For example, glass, carbon and aramid are used, a combination of which specified materials is possible. Another influencing variable is the variation of Fiber volume content.

As already explained above, different media and products can be treated in the high-pressure container 1 presented, the following explanations relating to the treatment of foods, in particular meat and meat products, with which it is described how these products use a high-pressure sterilization process as in the high-pressure container presented can be subjected. In this process, the products get their required ripening without negatively affecting their nutritional value. The taste and natural color of the product (s) are also retained.

Pasty and solid products, such as meat and meat products, are filled into their final packaging, placed in the interior 10 of the high-pressure container 1 , in which there is a pressure-transmitting medium, and in the further course of the process, the meat or meat products introduced are subjected to high-pressure treatment subjected.

The following example of the production of cooked sausage illustrates the we considerable advantage of the high-pressure treatment process, because in addition to maintaining quality of the products, the manufacturing time is significantly reduced, which affects the effectiveness the production of meat and meat products.

If you only consider the pure heat treatment times of the previously known processes for the production of cooked sausages (thermal process), there is a heat treatment time in the treatment of cooked sausages with a caliber of 120 mm in diameter and a total heat treatment time of 250 min. which is composed as follows:

• - heat treatment time 120 min. the brewing temperature is 72 ° C, the Core temperature at 78 ° C,
• - The holding time is approx. 10 minutes.
• The cooling following the heat treatment comprises a period of up to 120 minutes,

which gives the total time of 250 min.

In contrast, the time required for high-pressure treatment of a boiled sausage is the same Chen caliber of 5 min.

This results from the fact that in the high pressure process only one pressurization supply is required, with the prevailing pressures of over 10,000 bar being the required Ripeness in the time mentioned, taking the technological steps of heating and cooling when using the high pressure process are eliminated.

Claims (9)

1.High-pressure container for the treatment, transport and storage of products and media of different composition and consistency at prevailing pressures of more than 10,000 bar, which consists of a cylindrical middle section with laterally assignable closure elements, the cylindrical middle section consisting of a composite material, a metallic sleeve on this wound fibers, is carried out, characterized in that

• - The middle part ( 2 ) of the high-pressure container ( 1 ) over its entire tube cross section in a fiber composite construction with internal contact layer ( 4 ) is formed,
• - The fibers ( 5 ) used in changing winding position and winding sequence at a certain winding angle ( 17 ) in the winding range from 0 to 90 ° are arranged such that the elasticity modules of the fiber composite layers formed from the individual fibers ( 5 ) and thus the resilience of the fiber composite formed ( 8 ) rise from the inside out and are subject to their allowable stress / strain limits,
• - A voltage harmonization in the entire high-pressure container ( 1 ) is achieved with the exclusion of relative movements of the fiber composite layers ( 5 ),
• - Intermediate layers ( 6 ) are arranged between the individual fiber composite layers ( 5 ),
• - The different expansions occurring in the operating state, acting in the circumferential direction and axial direction of the high-pressure container ( 1 ), cause local curvatures in the circumferential direction, which change in size parallel to the pressure and thus a load-conforming sealing lip-like function compared to the closure caps ( 3 ) of the high-pressure container ( 1 ) exercise and
• - The innermost laminate layer of the high-pressure container ( 1 ) is formed by a hygiene layer made of precious metal and designed so that the large strains are absorbed in the circumferential direction and the hygiene layer is elastically backed by lamellar structures and / or by corrugated pipe-like surfaces with a variable structure.

2. High-pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers of the decorated to the fiber composite (8) fiber composite layers (5), with the provided between the fiber layers (9) intermediate layers (6) to obtain a low-fiber-resin ratio with different fiber cross-sectional sizes are trained. 3. High-pressure container according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that in order to achieve different moduli of elasticity in the fiber composite ( 8 ) different fiber composite layers ( 5 ) are used in layers, or this by the use of filaments with changing contents, such as glass, carbon and aramid. 4. High-pressure container according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the individual fibers and thus the fiber composite thus formed layers ( 5 ) in the fiber composite ( 8 ) in layers with an alternating winding layer ( 11 ; 12 ) at the winding angle ( 17 ) are classified in the range from 0 to 90 °. 5. High-pressure container according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressure wave arising in the operating state of the high-pressure container ( 1 ) is incorporated into the dimensioning / determination of the elastic moduli as a function of the respective winding radius. 6. High-pressure container according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the intermediate layers ( 6 ) provided between the fiber composite layers ( 5 ) by a targeted arrangement and formation of elasticity module jumps a diversion of reaction forces from the circumferential into a receivable Longitudinal force, represent a damped spring in the overall system, this with the formation of a certain fiber-resin constellation of fiber material and the type of material used for the intermediate layers ( 6 ). 7. High-pressure container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the middle part ( 2 ) of the high-pressure container ( 1 ) are associated with closure caps ( 3 ) which are both fixed and movable, the middle part ( 2 ) opening or closing, are arranged . 8. High-pressure container according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the metal sleeve acting as a contact layer ( 4 ) is made of a high-strength material. 9. The method for producing the high-pressure container according to claim 1, characterized in that individual fibers are applied in such a way that individual fiber composite layers ( 5 ) form and the arrangement and on the contact layer ( 4 ) formed as a metal sleeve in an alternating winding position ( 11 ; 12 ) the individual fibers are applied in such a way that the fibers with the lowest modulus of elasticity are applied first and then the fibers with the higher modulus of elasticity in each case in an alternating winding position of the fiber composite layers ( 5 ) that form, and the middle part ( 2 ) of the high-pressure container ( 1 ) is provided on both sides with sealing lids ( 3 ), intermediate layers ( 6 ) being arranged between the individual fiber composite layers ( 5 ).