EP1592814B1 - Method for producing leather - Google Patents
Method for producing leather Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1592814B1 EP1592814B1 EP04706144A EP04706144A EP1592814B1 EP 1592814 B1 EP1592814 B1 EP 1592814B1 EP 04706144 A EP04706144 A EP 04706144A EP 04706144 A EP04706144 A EP 04706144A EP 1592814 B1 EP1592814 B1 EP 1592814B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- butyl
- alkyl
- leather
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- -1 acyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 81
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 18
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 18
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 17
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 16
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 16
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 16
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- 125000003542 3-methylbutan-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 10
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 8
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 101500019086 Ustilago maydis P6 virus KP6 killer toxin subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 5
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical class C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 0 *C(C1OC1**N(*)*)=* Chemical compound *C(C1OC1**N(*)*)=* 0.000 description 2
- QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVGRCEFMXPHEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC=C OVGRCEFMXPHEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDSAXHBDVIUOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NCCN1C=C VDSAXHBDVIUOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C=C BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1CCN=C1 HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIVBQSUFWURSOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyltriazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=N1 GIVBQSUFWURSOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNUGVECARVKIPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxypropane Chemical compound CC(C)OC=C GNUGVECARVKIPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSSAWHFZNWVJEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(ethenoxymethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC=C DSSAWHFZNWVJEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHULUQRDNLRXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-id-4-one Chemical compound C(=C)N1[CH-]OCC1=O XHULUQRDNLRXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRFXUBMJBAXOOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium Chemical compound [O-][N+]1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KRFXUBMJBAXOOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JMYZLRSSLFFUQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chlorobenzoyl) 2-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl JMYZLRSSLFFUQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOVYQDVUBJAPSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCC(=O)CC1 UOVYQDVUBJAPSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFHOSZAOXCYAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)(C)OC PFHOSZAOXCYAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPWKHNDQICVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhex-1-en-3-yne Chemical compound CCC#CC(C)=C IXPWKHNDQICVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YICILWNDMQTUIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CCCC(=C)C(N)=O YICILWNDMQTUIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)C GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCUPXNDEQDWEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(diethylamino)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C PCUPXNDEQDWEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUYDVDHTTIQNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(diethylamino)propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCOC(=O)C=C XUYDVDHTTIQNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWJCRUKUIQRCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C WWJCRUKUIQRCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFQHFMGRRVQFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCCOC(=O)C=C UFQHFMGRRVQFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMVGNHRDGKUPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxetane-2,4-dione Chemical compound C=C1C(=O)OC1=O NMVGNHRDGKUPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypropanoylperoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCC(O)=O MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011468 Albizia julibrissin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283699 Bos indicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017399 Caesalpinia tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylhexyl Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001070944 Mimosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000388430 Tara Species 0.000 description 1
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPTWEDZIPSKWDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid;dodecane Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCC LPTWEDZIPSKWDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isododecane Natural products CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000991 leather dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical class CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRDNVESFWXDNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C YRDNVESFWXDNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C(C)=O PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFESGEKAXKKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylformamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C=O OFESGEKAXKKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)C=C SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDFKEEALECCKTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCNC(=O)C=C WDFKEEALECCKTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJKDAAVTRYGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-undecylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCNC(=O)C=C PZJKDAAVTRYGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012673 precipitation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents
- C14C3/22—Chemical tanning by organic agents using polymerisation products
Definitions
- polymers can be used in pre-treatment, main- and retanning. In many cases, the use of polymers in the pre-tanning process makes it possible to dispense entirely or at least partially with Cr compounds.
- the choice of polymers can affect the properties of the final leather product. For the choice of polymers different proposals are made in the literature.
- EP-A 0 628 085 describes the use of copolymers of maleic anhydride and optionally a second monomer, for example styrene, isobutene or vinyl acetate, the copolymers being reacted before use with retanning and filling with alkoxylated alcohols.
- a second monomer for example styrene, isobutene or vinyl acetate
- EP-A 0 372 746 is the use of amphiphilic copolymers of methacrylic acid and, for example, cetyl eicosyl methacrylate (Process Example A) or of acrylic acid with ⁇ -hexadecene (Process Example C) for the post-treatment of leather known.
- the use of such polymers is limited to the post-treatment of chrome-tanned leathers (see page 8, lines 50-54).
- EP-A 0 792 377 For example, a process is known in which the tanning and optionally also the pretanning is carried out by aldehydes or other reactive carbonyl compounds in the presence of polymers, for example maleic anhydride- ⁇ -olefin-styrene terpolymers (Valiante I).
- polymers for example maleic anhydride- ⁇ -olefin-styrene terpolymers (Valiante I).
- Valiante I maleic anhydride- ⁇ -olefin-styrene terpolymers
- the polymers mentioned in the prior art are not yet optimal for the treatment of especially soft leathers.
- the leathers produced by the previous methods can be improved in their fullness, their scar texture and the surface properties.
- the distribution of the fats used in the retanning in the leather cross section is not optimal.
- At least 0.55 equivalents (D), based on (A), are used for this purpose.
- one may employ up to one equivalent of (D), based on (A).
- Exemplary selected compounds of formula III are (meth) acrylamides such as acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-undecylacrylamide or the corresponding methacrylamides.
- Exemplary selected compounds of the formula IV a are N-vinylcarboxamides such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide or N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide; Exemplary selected representatives of compounds of the formula IV b are N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4-piperidone and N-vinyl- ⁇ -caprolactam.
- Exemplary selected compounds of formula VI are (meth) acrylic acid esters and amides such as N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates or N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) -acrylamides; Examples are N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, 2- (N, N-Dimethylamino) ethylacrylamide, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylamide,
- Exemplary selected compounds of formula VII are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate or vinyl laurate.
- monomer (C) acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylamide, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinylimidazole and 4-vinylpyridine.
- the molar ratio (A): (B) is in the range of 1: 0.1 to 10, preferably 1: 0.2 to 5, particularly preferably 1: 0.3 to 3.
- the molar ratio (A) to (C) is in the range of 1: 0 to 1:10, preferably 10: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably 5: 1 to 1: 3.
- the molar ratio (A) to [(B) + (C)] is in the range from 2: 1 to 1:20, preferably 1: 1 to 1:10, particularly preferably 1: 1 to 1: 6th
- the polymers used in the preparation of the processes according to the invention can be carried out by methods known per se.
- (A), (B) and optionally (C) can copolymerize in the form of random copolymers, as alternating copolymers or as block copolymers.
- Pressure and temperature conditions for copolymerization of (A), (B) and optionally (C) are generally not critical.
- the temperatures are for example in the range of 40 to 200 ° C, preferably 60 to 150 ° C, the pressure is for example in the range of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.
- Suitable solvents are those solvents which are considered inert to anhydrides of dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular acetone, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane.
- Suitable precipitants are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, ethylbenzene or mixtures of one or more of the abovementioned aromatic hydrocarbons, n-hexane, petroleum ether or isododecane. Also mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are suitable.
- regulators for example mercaptoethanol or n-dodecylmercaptan. Suitable amounts are, for example, 0.1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the mass of all monomers.
- the copolymerization is advantageously started by initiators, for example peroxides or hydroperoxides.
- Suitable peroxides or hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permalate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-butyl peroxide. Chlorobenzoyl peroxide, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, exemplified.
- redox initiators is also suitable, as well as azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4 dimethylvaleronitrile).
- these initiators are used in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 15 wt .-%, calculated on the mass of all monomers.
- copolymerization described above gives copolymers.
- the resulting copolymers can be subjected to purification by conventional methods, for example reprecipitation or extractive removal of unreacted monomers. If a solvent or precipitant has been used, it is possible to remove it after completion of the copolymerization, for example by distillation.
- the resulting copolymers are not subjected to additional purification and immediately reacted with (D).
- the copolymerization is carried out in the presence of the entire amount or proportion of the compound (D) to be employed.
- the copolymerization is carried out in the presence of the entire amount or proportion of the compound (D) to be employed.
- reaction of the copolymers described above with (D) is carried out, for example, at temperatures of 90 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction of the copolymers described above with (D) is carried out, for example, at pressures of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.
- the amount of (D) is calculated as starting from a complete reaction of (D) and 5 to 80 mol%, preferably 10 to 67 mol%, particularly preferably 20 to 50 mol% (D), based on all carboxyl groups of the copolymer used.
- the duration of the reaction of the above-described copolymers with (D) is generally 0.1 to 8 hours, preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- the reaction of the above-described copolymers with (D) can be carried out in the absence or presence of catalysts, in particular acidic catalysts, e.g. Sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid or acidic ion exchangers.
- catalysts in particular acidic catalysts, e.g. Sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid or acidic ion exchangers.
- reaction of the above-described copolymers with (D) is carried out in the presence of an entraining agent which forms an azeotrope with water which may be formed in the reaction.
- the polymers are reacted with water or with an aqueous alkaline solution and obtain partially or completely hydrolyzed polymers, which are also referred to below as hydrolyzed polymers.
- the hydrolysis is carried out by reacting the polymers according to the invention with water or aqueous alkaline solution, such as alkali metal hydroxides, e.g. Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, of ammonia, primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamines or alkanolamines.
- alkali metal hydroxides e.g. Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution are suitable.
- about 20 to 50% by weight of water or aqueous alkaline solution, based on the copolymer, is used.
- the temperature during the hydrolysis is generally not critical. In general, suitable are from 20 to 100.degree. C., preferably up to 90.degree. Usually, the hydrolysis is completed after 10 minutes to 4 hours.
- Hydrolyzed polymers are obtained in which the anhydride groups unreacted in the reaction with (D) are completely or partially hydrolyzed and the carboxylic acid groups are present free or in the form of their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts.
- the polydispersity of the hydrolyzed polymers described above is generally between 2 and 10, preferably up to 7.
- the K values of the hydrolyzed polymers described above are from 6 to 100, preferably from 10 to 60 (measured according to H. Fikentscher at 25 ° C. in water and a polymer concentration of 1% by weight).
- the polymers or hydrolyzed polymers described above can be used according to the invention in the pretanning or tanning.
- the polymers or hydrolyzed polymers described above can be used according to the invention in the retanning.
- the process according to the invention for the production of leather can be carried out as a process for pretanning or tanning, in the following also called tanning process according to the invention.
- the tanning process according to the invention is based on hides pretreated by conventional methods from animals such as, for example, cattle, pigs, goats or deer, the so-called pelts. It is for that Tanning method according to the invention is not essential, whether the animals were killed, for example, by slaughtering or died of natural causes.
- Conventional methods of pre-treatment include, for example, liming, deliming, pickling and pimpling, as well as mechanical operations such as skinning the hides.
- the tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out by adding one or more tanning agents according to the invention in one portion or in several portions immediately before or else during the tanning step.
- the tanning process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a pH of 2.5 to 4, it being frequently observed that the pH increases by about 0.3 to three units during the performance of the tanning process according to the invention. It is also possible to increase the pH by about 0.3 to three units by adding blunting agents.
- the tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out at temperatures of 10 to 45 °, preferably at 20 to 30 ° C. Has proven useful a duration of 10 minutes to 12 hours, preferably one to three hours.
- the tanning process according to the invention can be carried out in any conventional tanning vessel, for example by walking in barrels or in rotated drums.
- the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymers are used together with one or more conventional tanning agents, for example with chrome tanning agents, mineral tannins, syntans, polymer tanning agents or vegetable tanning agents, as described, for example Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Volume A15, pages 259 to 282 and especially page 268 ff., 5th Edition, (1990), Verlag Chemie Weinheim.
- the weight ratio of the polymers or hydrolyzed polymer described above: conventional tanning agent or sum of conventional tanning agents is advantageously from 0.01: 1 to 100: 1.
- the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymers are added in one portion or in several portions before or during pre-tanning, in a particular variant already in pimples.
- the process according to the invention for the production of leather can also be carried out as a process for retanning leather using the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymers, in the following also called retanning processes according to the invention.
- the retanning process according to the invention is based on conventional, i. for example, with chrome tanning agents, mineral tannins, polymer tanning agents, aldehydes, syntans or resin tanning tanned semi-finished products or semi-finished products according to the invention as described above.
- chrome tanning agents i. for example, with chrome tanning agents, mineral tannins, polymer tanning agents, aldehydes, syntans or resin tanning tanned semi-finished products or semi-finished products according to the invention as described above.
- the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymers are allowed to act on semi-finished products.
- the retanning process according to the invention can be carried out under otherwise customary conditions. It is convenient to choose one or more, i. 2 to 6 action steps and can rinse with water between the interaction steps.
- the temperature in the individual reaction steps is in each case from 5 to 60.degree. C., preferably from 20 to 45.degree.
- further agents customarily used during the retanning for example fatliquors, polymer tanning agents and acrylate- and / or methacrylate-based fatliquoring agents, retanning agents based on resin and vegetable tanning agents, fillers, leather dyes or emulsifiers.
- aqueous dispersions and solutions containing the hydrolyzed polymers described above are aqueous dispersions and solutions containing the hydrolyzed polymers described above.
- dispersions are to be understood as meaning, for example, emulsions or suspensions of the above-described polymers.
- the aqueous dispersions according to the invention and the aqueous solutions according to the invention usually contain from 20 to 50% by weight of the polymers according to the invention. Its pH is usually 2 to 10 and is preferably in the range of 2 to 7.
- the dispersions according to the invention contain unreacted Ia or Ib.
- a further aspect of the present invention is leather produced by the tanning process according to the invention or the retanning process according to the invention or by a combination of inventive tanning process and retanning process according to the invention.
- the leathers of the invention are characterized by an overall advantageous quality, for example, they feel particularly soft.
- the leathers of the invention contain the polymers described above or the hydrolyzed polymers described above are distributed evenly over the cross section.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the leather according to the invention for the production of clothing, furniture or car parts.
- garments are, for example, jackets, trousers, shoes, belts or suspenders.
- furniture is to be understood as meaning all furniture which contains leather components. Examples include seating, such as armchairs, chairs, sofas.
- Car parts are exemplified by car seats.
- Another aspect of the present invention are garments comprising or made of leathers of the invention.
- Another aspect of the present invention is furniture comprising or made of leathers according to the invention.
- Another aspect of the present invention are car parts containing or made from leathers of the invention. The invention will be explained by working examples.
- the K value of the white powder precursor VP10 was 15.9 (1 wt% in cyclohexanone at 25 ° C).
- the preparation of the polymers P10 to 14 from the precursors VP 10 or VP 13 and the alkylpolyalkylene glycols indicated in Table 2 was carried out by heating a mixture of the two components under nitrogen. The reaction took place within 4 hours at a temperature of 170.degree. After cooling to 50 ° C, the oil was dispersed with 50 g of water and 10 g of aqueous 25 wt .-% sodium hydroxide solution. The molar ratio NaOH / (sum of maleic anhydride and acrylic acid) was 0.6 / 1.0, so that 30 to 40 wt .-% dispersions having a pH of 6 to 7 resulted.
- Zebu Wetblue leather commercially available from Packer, USA, was folded to a thickness of 1.8-2.0 mm and cut into strips of 600 g each. Subsequently, the strips were commercially available in a barrel and a liquor length of 200% by weight at intervals of 10 minutes with 2% by weight of sodium formate, 0.4% by weight of NaHCO 3 and 1% by weight of Tamol®NA at BASF Aktiengessllschaft, offset. After 90 minutes, the fleet was drained. The strips were then distributed to separate walk barrels.
- polymer P1 4 wt .-% polymer P1 were metered, followed by 4% by weight of sulfone tanning agent Basyntan® DLX, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, and 2% by weight of resin tanning agent Relugan® DLF, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
- the leathers were then tumbled for 45 minutes at 15 revolutions per minute in the barrel.
- 3% by weight of vegetable tanning material Mimosa® commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, was added and drumming for a further 30 minutes.
- another 2% by weight of Luganil® Brown was added and tumbling for a further 30 minutes.
- the leather thus obtained was washed with water, dried and staked and evaluated according to the test criteria set out in Table 3.
- the tensile strength was determined according to DIN 53328.
- the evaluation of the liquor was done visually according to the criteria residual dye (extinction) and turbidity (fatliquoring agent).
- the evaluation of further performance characteristics was carried out by subjects according to a grading system from 1 (very good) to 5 (deficient).
- Table 3 Performance properties of the invention leather 2.1 to 2.9 and comparative samples V 2.17 to V 2.19 No.
- Polymer V17 Polyacrylic acid with a K value of 60, determined according to Fikentscher, partially neutralized with NaOH to a pH of 5.
- Polymer V18 polymer EP-B 0 628 085
- Polymer V19 polymer EP-B 0 628 085 Example 20.
- the pelt of a southern German bovine was converted into a corresponding wetwhite semi-finished product with 2.5% by weight of glutardialdehyde and 3% by weight of the sulfone tanning agent Basyntan®, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, in each case based on the pelt weight.
- the pH was 3.9).
- the pre-tanned pelt was wilted, folded to a thickness of 1.2 mm and cut into strips of 400 g each.
- Strips containing 100% by weight of water, 6% by weight of the sulfone tanning agent were placed in a barrel Basyntan® DLX-N, 5% by weight of the vegetable tanning agent Tara®, 3% by weight of the resin tanning agent Relugan® S and 1.5% by weight of the dye Luganil brown NGB®, each commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, over a period of time of 60 minutes at 25 ° C-30 ° C in the barrel at 10 revolutions per minute. Then a pH of 3.6 is adjusted with formic acid and drained after a further 20 minutes, the liquor and discarded.
- the leather thus obtained was washed with water, dried and staked and evaluated according to the test criteria set out in Table 3.
- the tensile strength was determined according to DIN 53328.
- the evaluation of the liquor was done visually according to the criteria residual dye (extinction) and turbidity (fatliquoring agent).
- the evaluation of further performance characteristics was carried out by subjects according to a grading system from 1 (very good) to 5 (deficient).
- Table 4 Application properties of the furniture leather 3.8 to 3.14 invention and the comparative samples V 3.17 to V 3.19 No.
- Polymer V17 Polyacrylic acid with a K value of 60, determined according to Fikentscher, partially neutralized with NaOH to a pH of 5.
- Polymer V18 polymer EP-B 0 628 085
- Polymer V19 polymer EP-B 0 628 085 Example 20.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man Blößen, Pickelblößen oder Halbzeuge mit mindestens einem Polymerisat behandelt, das erhältlich ist durch Copolymerisation von mindestens einem ethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureanhydrid (A), abgeleitet von mindestens einer Dicarbonsäure mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen, mindestens einer vinylaromatischen Verbindung (B) und optional mindestens einem von (A) verschiedenen ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomer (C) mit mindestens einem Heteroatom, Umsetzung mit mindestens einer Verbindung (D) der allgemeinen Formel I a oder I b
und optional Hydrolyse mit Wasser oder wässriger alkalischer Lösung,
wobei in Formel I a und I b die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:
- A1
- gleich oder verschieden und C2-C6-Alkylen
- R1
- C1-C20-Alkyl, linear oder verzweigt,
- n
- eine ganze Zahl von 6 bis 200.
and optionally hydrolysis with water or aqueous alkaline solution,
where in formulas Ia and Ib the variables are defined as follows:
- A 1
- the same or different and C 2 -C 6 -alkylene
- R 1
- C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, linear or branched,
- n
- an integer from 6 to 200.
Zur Herstellung von Leder können bei der Vor-, Haupt- und Nachgerbung Polymere eingesetzt werden. Durch den Einsatz von Polymeren in der Vorgerbung kann dabei in vielen Fällen auf Cr-Verbindungen ganz oder zumindest teilweise verzichtet werden. Die Wahl der Polymeren kann die Eigenschaften des Lederendprodukts beeinflussen. Für die Wahl der Polymeren werden in der Literatur unterschiedliche Vorschläge gemacht.For the production of leather, polymers can be used in pre-treatment, main- and retanning. In many cases, the use of polymers in the pre-tanning process makes it possible to dispense entirely or at least partially with Cr compounds. The choice of polymers can affect the properties of the final leather product. For the choice of polymers different proposals are made in the literature.
In
Aus
Aus
Zur Behandlung von insbesondere weichen Ledern sind die im Stand der Technik genannten Polymere jedoch noch nicht optimal. Beispielsweise lassen sich die nach den bisherigen Methoden hergestellten Leder in ihrer Fülle, ihrer Narbenbeschaffenheit und den Uberflächeneigenschaften verbessern. Weiterhin ist die Verteilung der in der Nachgerbung eingesetzten Fette im Lederquerschnitt noch nicht optimal.However, the polymers mentioned in the prior art are not yet optimal for the treatment of especially soft leathers. For example, the leathers produced by the previous methods can be improved in their fullness, their scar texture and the surface properties. Furthermore, the distribution of the fats used in the retanning in the leather cross section is not optimal.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder bereitzustellen, das die oben genannten Schwächen vermeidet.It was therefore an object to provide an improved process for the production of leather, which avoids the above-mentioned weaknesses.
Demgemäß wurde das eingangs definierte Verfahren gefunden. Es geht aus von mindestens einem der eingangs definierten Polymerisate, das wie folgt zusammengesetzt ist. Eingangs definierte Polymerisate enthalten als einpolymerisierte Monomere
mindestens ein ethylenisch ungesättigtes Dicarbonsäureanhydrid (A), abgeleitet von mindestens einer Dicarbonsäure mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen, beispielsweise Maleinsäureanhydrid, Itaconsäureanhydrid, Citraconsäureanhydrid, Methylenmalonsäureanydrid, bevorzugt Itaconsäureanhydrid und Maleinsäureanhydrid und ganz besonders bevorzugt Maleinsäureanhydrid;
mindestens eine vinylaromatische Verbindung (B), beispielsweise der allgemeinen Formel VIII
und
optional mindestens einem von (A) verschiedenen ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomer (C) mit mindestens einem Heteroatom, und werden mit mindestens einer Verbindung (D) der allgemeinen Formel I a oder I b, vorzugsweise I a
- A1
- gleich oder verschieden und C2-C6-Alkylen, beispielsweise -CH2-, -CH(CH3)-, -(CH2)2-, -CH2-CH(CH3)-, -(CH2)3-, -CH2-CH(C2H5)-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)5-, -(CH2)6-, vorzugsweise C2-C4-Alkylen; insbesondere -(CH2)2-, -CH2-CH(CH3)- und -CH2-CH(C2H5)-;
- R1
- C1-C20-Alkyl, linear oder verzweigt, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo- Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Dodecyl, n-Hexadecyl, n-Octadecyl, n-Eicosyl; be- sonders bevorzugt C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl;
- n
- eine ganze Zahl von 6 bis 200, bevorzugt 7 bis 25.
at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride (A) derived from at least one dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 8 C atoms, for example maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, methylenemalonic anhydride, preferably itaconic anhydride and maleic anhydride and most preferably maleic anhydride;
at least one vinylaromatic compound (B), for example of the general formula VIII
and
optionally at least one of (A) different ethylenically unsaturated monomer (C) having at least one heteroatom, and are reacted with at least one compound (D) of general formula I a or I b, preferably I a
- A 1
- identical or different and C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, for example -CH 2 -, -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, - (CH 2 ) 5 -, - (CH 2 ) 6 -, preferably C 2 -C 4 -alkylene; in particular - (CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) - and -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -;
- R 1
- C 1 -C 20 alkyl, linear or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl , sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n Dodecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl; C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, is particularly preferred;
- n
- an integer of 6 to 200, preferably 7 to 25.
Dabei setzt man mindestens 0,55 Äquivalente (D), bezogen auf (A), ein.At least 0.55 equivalents (D), based on (A), are used for this purpose.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man bis zu einem Äquivalent (D) einsetzen, bezogen auf die Summe (A) + (C).In one embodiment of the present invention, one may employ up to one equivalent of (D), based on the sum of (A) + (C).
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man bis zu einem Äquivalent (D) einsetzen, bezogen auf (A).In one embodiment of the present invention, one may employ up to one equivalent of (D), based on (A).
Bevorzugt erfolgt die Umsetzung mit (D) nach der Copolymerisation von (A) mit (B) und gegebenenfalls mit (C).Preferably, the reaction with (D) after the copolymerization of (A) with (B) and optionally with (C).
Besondere Beispiele für Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I a sind
- Methylendgruppenverschlossene Polyethylenglykole der Formel HO-(CH2CH2O)m-CH3 mit m im Bereich von 6 bis 200, vorzugsweise 7 bis 100, besonders bevorzugt 7-50,
- Methylendgruppenverschlossene Blockcopolymere aus Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid mit einem Molekulargewicht Mw von 300 bis 5000 g/mol,
- Methylendgruppenverschlossene statistische Copolymere aus Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid mit einem Molekulargewicht Mw von 300 bis 5000 g/mol,
- Alkoxylierte C2- bis C30-Alkohole, insbesondere Fettalkoholalkoxylate, Oxoalkoholalkoxylate oder Guerbet-Alkoholalkoxylate, wobei die Alkoxylierung mit Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid durchgeführt werden kann, Beispiele sind
C13-Oxoalkoholethoxylate mit 6 bis 30 Ethylenoxideinheiten,
C12C14-Fettalkoholethoxylate mit 6 bis 30 Ethylenoxideinheiten,
C10-Oxoalkoholethoxylate mit 6 bis 30 Ethylenoxideinheiten,
C10-Guerbetalkoholethoxylate mit 6 bis 30 Ethylenoxideinheiten,
C9-C11-Oxoalkoholalkoxylate mit 6-20 Ethylenoxideinheiten, 6-20 Propylenoxideinheiten und/oder mindestens 6 Butylenoxideinheiten;
C13-C15-Oxoalkoholalkoxylate mit 6-20 Ethylenoxideinheiten, 6-20 Propylenoxideinheiten und/oder mindestens 6 Butylenoxideinheiten;
C4-C20-Alkoholethoxylate mit 6 bis 20 Ethylenoxideinheiten.Specific examples of compounds of general formula Ia are
- Methylendgruppenverschlossene polyethylene glycols of the formula HO- (CH 2 CH 2 O) m -CH 3 with m in the range of 6 to 200, preferably 7 to 100, particularly preferably 7-50,
- Methyl end-capped block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide having a molecular weight M w of 300 to 5000 g / mol,
- Methyl end-capped random copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide having a molecular weight M w of 300 to 5000 g / mol,
- Alkoxylated C 2 to C 30 alcohols, in particular fatty alcohol alkoxylates, oxo alcohol alkoxylates or Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates, wherein the alkoxylation can be carried out with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, examples are
C 13 -oxo alcohol ethoxylates with 6 to 30 ethylene oxide units,
C 12 C 14 -fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 6 to 30 ethylene oxide units,
C 10 oxo alcohol ethoxylates with 6 to 30 ethylene oxide units,
C 10 -guerbet alcohol ethoxylates with 6 to 30 ethylene oxide units,
C 9 -C 11 oxo alcohol alkoxylates having 6-20 ethylene oxide units, 6-20 propylene oxide units and / or at least 6 butylene oxide units;
C 13 -C 15 oxo alcohol alkoxylates having 6-20 ethylene oxide units, 6-20 propylene oxide units and / or at least 6 butylene oxide units;
C 4 -C 20 -alcohol ethoxylates with 6 to 20 ethylene oxide units.
Bevorzugt wird als Monomer (B) Styrol eingesetzt.Preference is given to using styrene as monomer (B).
Das oder die Monomere (C), das bzw. die optional in die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Polymerisate einpolymerisiert werden können, sind von (A) verschieden und haben ein Heteroatom, beispielsweise Sauerstoff, Stickstoff oder Schwefel. Als bevorzugte Monomere (C) mit mindestens einem Heteroatom sind zu nennen:
- C3-C8-Carbonsäurederivate der allgemeinen Formel II
- Acrylamide der Formel III,
- nicht-cyclische Amide der allgemeinen Formel IV a und cyclische Amide der allgemeinen Formel IV b
- C1-C20-Alkyl-vinylether wie Methyl-vinylether, Ethyl-vinylether, n-Propyl-vinylether, iso-Propyl-vinylether, n-Butyl-vinylether, iso-Butyl-vinylether, 2-Ethylhexyl-vinylether oder n-Octadecyl-vinylether;
- N-Vinyl-derivate von stickstoffhaltigen aromatischen Verbindungen, bevorzugt N-Vinylimidazol, 2-Methyl-1-vinylimidazol, N-Vinyloxazolidon, N-Vinyltriazol, 2-Vinylpyridin, 4-Vinylpyridin, 4-Vinylpyridin-N-oxid, N-Vinylimidazolin, N-Vinyl-2-methylimidazolin,
- α,β-ungesättigte Nitrile wie beispielsweise Acrylnitril, Methacrylnitril;
- alkoxylierte ungesättigte Ether der allgemeinen Formel V,
- Ester und Amide der allgemeinen Formel VI,
- ungesättigte Ester der allgemeinen Formel VII
- R2, R3
- gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C10-Alkyl, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.- Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2- Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n- Nonyl, n-Decyl; besonders bevorzugt C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl, und insbesondere Wasserstoff;
- R4
- gleich oder verschieden und C1-C22-Alkyl, verzweigt oder unverzweigt, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n- Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n- Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Dodecyl, n-Eicosyl; besonders bevorzugt C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso- Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl; oder besonders bevorzugt Wasserstoff;
- R5
- Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
- x
- eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 2 bis 6, vorzugsweise 3 bis 5;
- y
- eine ganze Zahl, ausgewählt aus 0 oder 1, vorzugsweise 1;
- a
- eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 0 bis 6, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0 bis 2;
- R6, R7
- gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C10-Alkyl und wobei unverzweigtes und verzweigtes C1-C10- Alkyl wie oben stehend definiert ist;
- X
- Sauerstoff oder N-R4;
- R8
- [A1-O]n-R4,
- R9
- gewählt aus unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C20-Alkyl, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso- Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso- Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Dodecyl, n- Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl, n-Octadecyl, n-Eicosyl; bevorzugt C1-C14-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n- Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n- Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Dodecyl, n-Tetradecyl; und insbesondere Wasserstoff oder Methyl;
- C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula II
- Acrylamides of formula III,
- non-cyclic amides of the general formula IV a and cyclic amides of the general formula IV b
- C 1 -C 20 -alkyl-vinyl ethers such as methyl-vinyl ether, ethyl-vinyl ether, n-propyl-vinyl ether, iso-propyl-vinyl ether, n-butyl-vinyl ether, isobutyl-vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl-vinyl ether or n- octadecyl vinyl ether;
- N-vinyl derivatives of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, preferably N-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinyltriazole, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide, N-vinylimidazoline , N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoline,
- α, β-unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile;
- alkoxylated unsaturated ethers of the general formula V,
- Esters and amides of the general formula VI,
- unsaturated esters of general formula VII
- R 2 , R 3
- identical or different and selected from unbranched or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-butyl Pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, and in particular hydrogen;
- R 4
- identical or different and C 1 -C 22 -alkyl, branched or unbranched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n Decyl, n-dodecyl, n-eicosyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; or more preferably hydrogen;
- R 5
- Hydrogen or methyl,
- x
- an integer in the range of 2 to 6, preferably 3 to 5;
- y
- an integer selected from 0 or 1, preferably 1;
- a
- an integer in the range of 0 to 6, preferably in the range of 0 to 2;
- R 6 , R 7
- identical or different and selected from hydrogen, unbranched or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl and wherein unbranched and branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl is as defined above;
- X
- Oxygen or NR 4 ;
- R 8
- [A 1 -O] n -R 4 ,
- R 9
- selected from unbranched or branched C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl; preferably C 1 -C 14 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec. Pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso -hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n -Tetradecyl; and in particular hydrogen or methyl;
Die übrigen Variablen sind wie oben stehend definiert.The remaining variables are defined as above.
Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel III sind (Meth)Acrylamide wie Acrylamid, N-Methylacrylamid, N,N-Dimethylacrylamid, N-Ethylacrylamid, N-Propylacrylamid, N-tert.-Butylacrylamid, N-tert.-Octylacrylamid, N-Undecylacrylamid oder die entsprechenden Methacrylamide.Exemplary selected compounds of formula III are (meth) acrylamides such as acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-undecylacrylamide or the corresponding methacrylamides.
Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel IV a sind N-Vinylcarbonsäureamide wie N-Vinylformamid, N-Vinyl-N-methylfomamid, N-Vinylacetamid oder N-Vinyl-N-methylacetamid; Beispielhaft ausgewählte Vertreter für Verbindungen der Formel IV b sind N-Vinylpyrrolidon, N-Vinyl-4-piperidon und N-Vinyl-∈-caprolactam.Exemplary selected compounds of the formula IV a are N-vinylcarboxamides such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide or N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide; Exemplary selected representatives of compounds of the formula IV b are N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4-piperidone and N-vinyl-ε-caprolactam.
Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel VI sind (Meth)acrylsäureester und -amide wie N,N-Dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate oder N,N-Dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)-acrylamide; Beispiele sind N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylat, N,N-Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminoethylacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminoethylmethacrylat, N,N-Dimethylaminopropylacrylat, N,N-Dimethylaminopropylmethacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminopropylacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminopropylmethacrylat, 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethylacrylamid, 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylamid, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethylacrylamid, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethylmethacrylamid, 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)propylacrylamid und 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)propylmethacrylamid.Exemplary selected compounds of formula VI are (meth) acrylic acid esters and amides such as N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates or N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) -acrylamides; Examples are N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, 2- (N, N-Dimethylamino) ethylacrylamide, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylamide, 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethylacrylamide, 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethylmethacrylamide, 3- (N, N Dimethylamino) propylacrylamide and 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propylmethacrylamide.
Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel VII sind Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylbutyrat, Vinyl-2-ethylhexanoat oder Vinyllaurat.Exemplary selected compounds of formula VII are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate or vinyl laurate.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt wird als Monomer (C) eingesetzt: Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Methylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, Acrylamid, Vinyl-n-butylether, Vinyl-isobutylether, N-Vinylformamid, N-Vinylpyrrolidon, 1-Vinylimidazol und 4-Vinylpyridin.Very particular preference is given to using as monomer (C): acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylamide, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinylimidazole and 4-vinylpyridine.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Molverhältnis (A) : (B) im Bereich von 1 : 0,1 bis 10, bevorzugt 1 : 0,2 bis 5, besonders bevorzugt 1 : 0,3 bis 3.In one embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio (A): (B) is in the range of 1: 0.1 to 10, preferably 1: 0.2 to 5, particularly preferably 1: 0.3 to 3.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Molverhältnis (A) zu (C) im Bereich von 1 : 0 bis 1 : 10, bevorzugt 10 : 1 bis 1 : 5, besonders bevorzugt 5 : 1 bis 1 : 3.In one embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio (A) to (C) is in the range of 1: 0 to 1:10, preferably 10: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably 5: 1 to 1: 3.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Molverhältnis (A) zu [(B) + (C)] im Bereich von 2:1 bis 1:20, bevorzugt 1:1 bis 1:10, besonders bevorzugt 1:1 bis 1:6.In one embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio (A) to [(B) + (C)] is in the range from 2: 1 to 1:20, preferably 1: 1 to 1:10, particularly preferably 1: 1 to 1: 6th
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Polymerisate kann nach an und für sich bekannten Methoden durchgeführt werden. So ist es möglich, die Monomere (A), (B) und gegebenenfalls (C) durch Lösungspolymerisation, Fällungspolymerisation oder auch lösemittelfrei durch Massepolymerisation miteinander zu copolymerisieren und anschließend mit (D) umzusetzen. Dabei können (A), (B) und gegebenenfalls (C) in Form von statistischen Copolymeren, als alternierende Copolymere oder als Blockcopolymere copolymerisieren.The polymers used in the preparation of the processes according to the invention can be carried out by methods known per se. Thus, it is possible to copolymerize the monomers (A), (B) and optionally (C) by solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization or else solvent-free by bulk polymerization and then reacting with (D). In this case, (A), (B) and optionally (C) can copolymerize in the form of random copolymers, as alternating copolymers or as block copolymers.
Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen für eine Copolymerisation von (A), (B) und gegebenenfalls (C) sind im Allgemeinen unkritisch. Die Temperaturen liegen beispielsweise im Bereich von 40 bis 200°C, bevorzugt 60 bis 150°C, der Druck liegt beispielsweise im Bereich von 1 bis 10 bar, bevorzugt 1 bis 3 bar.Pressure and temperature conditions for copolymerization of (A), (B) and optionally (C) are generally not critical. The temperatures are for example in the range of 40 to 200 ° C, preferably 60 to 150 ° C, the pressure is for example in the range of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.
Als Lösemittel kommen solche Lösemittel in Frage, die als inert gegenüber Anhydriden von Dicarbonsäure mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen gelten, insbesondere Aceton, Tetrahydrofuran oder 1,4-Dioxan. Als Fällungsmittel eignen sich aromatische und aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, beispielsweise Toluol, ortho-Xylol, meta-Xylol, para-Xylol, Ethylbenzol oder Gemische von einem oder mehreren der vorstehend genannten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, n-Hexan, Petrolether oder Isododekan. Auch Mischungen von aromatischen und aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen sind geeignet.Suitable solvents are those solvents which are considered inert to anhydrides of dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular acetone, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane. Suitable precipitants are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, ethylbenzene or mixtures of one or more of the abovementioned aromatic hydrocarbons, n-hexane, petroleum ether or isododecane. Also mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are suitable.
Man kann Regler einsetzen, beispielsweise Mercaptoethanol oder n-Dodecylmercaptan. Geeignete Mengen sind beispielsweise 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse aller Monomeren.It is possible to use regulators, for example mercaptoethanol or n-dodecylmercaptan. Suitable amounts are, for example, 0.1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the mass of all monomers.
Die Copolymerisation startet man vorteilhaft durch Initiatoren, beispielsweise Peroxide oder Hydroperoxide. Als Peroxide bzw. Hydroperoxide seien Di-tert.-butylperoxid, tert.-Butylperoctoat, tert.-Butylperpivalat, tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat, tert.-Butylpermaleinat, tert.-Butylperisobutyrat, Benzoylperoxid, Diacetylperoxid, Succinylperoxid, p-Chlorbenzoylperoxid, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, beispielhaft genannt. Auch der Einsatz von Redoxinitiatoren ist geeignet, außerdem Azoverbindungen wie 2,2'-Azobis (isobutyronitril), 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropion-amidin)dihydrochlorid und 2,2'-Azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitril). Im allgemeinen werden diese Initiatoren in Mengen von 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 15 Gew.-%, berechnet auf die Masse aller Monomeren, eingesetzt.The copolymerization is advantageously started by initiators, for example peroxides or hydroperoxides. Suitable peroxides or hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permalate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-butyl peroxide. Chlorobenzoyl peroxide, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, exemplified. The use of redox initiators is also suitable, as well as azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4 dimethylvaleronitrile). In general, these initiators are used in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 15 wt .-%, calculated on the mass of all monomers.
Durch die oben beschriebene Copolymerisation erhält man Copolymerisate. Die anfallenden Copolymerisate können einer Reinigung nach konventionellen Methoden unterzogen werden, beispielsweise Umfällen oder extraktiver Entfernung nicht-umgesetzter Monomere. Wenn ein Lösemittel oder Fällungsmittel eingesetzt wurde, so ist es möglich, dieses nach beendeter Copolymerisation zu entfernen, beispielsweise durch Abdestillieren.The copolymerization described above gives copolymers. The resulting copolymers can be subjected to purification by conventional methods, for example reprecipitation or extractive removal of unreacted monomers. If a solvent or precipitant has been used, it is possible to remove it after completion of the copolymerization, for example by distillation.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung werden die anfallenden Copolymerisate keiner zusätzlichen Reinigung unterzogen und sofort mit (D) umgesetzt.In one embodiment of the present invention, the resulting copolymers are not subjected to additional purification and immediately reacted with (D).
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Copolymerisation in Gegenwart der gesamten Menge oder Anteil der einzusetzenden Verbindung (D) durchgeführt. In dieser Ausführungsform ist es möglich, auf den Einsatz von Lösemitteln oder Fällungsmitteln teilweise oder ganz zu verzichten. Die Entfernung etwaiger eingesetzter Lösemittel bzw. Fällungsmittel ist daher einfacher oder entfällt ganz.In a further embodiment of the present invention, the copolymerization is carried out in the presence of the entire amount or proportion of the compound (D) to be employed. In this embodiment, it is possible to dispense partially or completely with the use of solvents or precipitants. The removal of any solvents or precipitants used is therefore easier or completely eliminated.
Die Umsetzung der oben beschriebenen Copolymerisate mit (D) erfolgt beispielsweise bei Temperaturen von 90 bis 150°C.The reaction of the copolymers described above with (D) is carried out, for example, at temperatures of 90 to 150 ° C.
Die Umsetzung der oben beschriebenen Copolymerisate mit (D) erfolgt beispielsweise bei Drücken von 1 bis 10 bar, bevorzugt 1 bis 3 bar. Die Menge an (D) wird so berechnet, dass man von einer vollständigen Umsetzung von (D) ausgeht und 5 bis 80 mol-%, bevorzugt 10 bis 67 mol%, besonders bevorzugt 20 bis 50 mol-% (D), bezogen auf alle Carboxylgruppen des Copolymerisats, einsetzt.The reaction of the copolymers described above with (D) is carried out, for example, at pressures of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar. The amount of (D) is calculated as starting from a complete reaction of (D) and 5 to 80 mol%, preferably 10 to 67 mol%, particularly preferably 20 to 50 mol% (D), based on all carboxyl groups of the copolymer used.
Die Dauer der Umsetzung der oben beschriebenen Copolymerisate mit (D) beträgt im Allgemeinen 0,1 bis 8 Stunden, bevorzugt 1 bis 5 Stunden.The duration of the reaction of the above-described copolymers with (D) is generally 0.1 to 8 hours, preferably 1 to 5 hours.
Man kann die Umsetzung der oben beschriebenen Copolymerisate mit (D) in Abwesenheit oder auch Anwesenheit von Katalysatoren durchführen, insbesondere sauren Katalysatoren wie z.B. Schwefelsäure, Methansulfonsäure, p-Toluolsulfonsäure, n-Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure, Salzsäure oder sauren lonenaustauschem.The reaction of the above-described copolymers with (D) can be carried out in the absence or presence of catalysts, in particular acidic catalysts, e.g. Sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid or acidic ion exchangers.
In einer weiteren Variante des beschriebenen Verfahrens führt man die Umsetzung der oben beschriebenen Copolymerisate mit (D) in Anwesenheit eines Schleppmittels durch, das mit bei der Reaktion gegebenenfalls entstehendem Wasser ein Azeotrop bildet.In a further variant of the process described, the reaction of the above-described copolymers with (D) is carried out in the presence of an entraining agent which forms an azeotrope with water which may be formed in the reaction.
Im Allgemeinen regiert unter den Bedingungen der oben beschriebenen Schritte I a bzw. I b vollständig oder zu einem gewissen Prozentsatz mit den Carboxylgruppen der Anhydride (A) und gegebenenfalls den Carboxylgruppen aus (C). Im Allgemeinen bleiben weniger als 40 mol% als nicht umgesetztes I a bzw. I b zurück.In general, under the conditions of steps I a or I b described above, all or part of the carboxyl groups of the anhydrides (A) and optionally the carboxyl groups of (C) will react. In general, less than 40 mol% remain as unreacted I a and I b, respectively.
Es ist möglich, durch an sich bekannte Methoden wie beispielsweise Extraktion nicht umgesetztes I a bzw. I b von den im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Polymerisaten abzutrennen.It is possible to separate unreacted I a or I b from the polymers used in the process according to the invention by methods known per se, such as, for example, extraction.
In einer Ausführungsform kann man auf den weiteren Schritt der Abtrennung von nicht abreagiertem I a bzw. I b von den im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Polymerisaten verzichten. In dieser Ausführungsform setzt man die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate zusammen mit einem gewissen Prozentsatz an nicht abreagiertem I a bzw. I b zur Herstellung von Leder ein.In one embodiment, one can dispense with the further step of separating unreacted I a or I b from the polymers used in the process according to the invention. In this embodiment, one uses those described above Polymers together with a certain percentage of unreacted I a and I b for the production of leather.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform setzt man die Polymerisate mit Wasser oder mit wässriger alkalischer Lösung um und erhält partiell oder vollständig hydrolysierte Polymerisate, die im Folgenden auch als hydrolysierte Polymerisate bezeichnet werden.In a further embodiment, the polymers are reacted with water or with an aqueous alkaline solution and obtain partially or completely hydrolyzed polymers, which are also referred to below as hydrolyzed polymers.
Die Hydrolyse führt man erfindungsgemäß so durch, dass man die erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate mit Wasser oder wässriger alkalischer Lösung, wie beispielsweise von Alkalimetallhydroxiden wie z.B. Natriumhydroxid oder Kaliumhydroxid, von Ammoniak, primären, sekundären oder tertiären Alkylaminen oder Alkanolaminen umsetzt. Geeignet sind insbesondere Natronlauge oder Kalilauge. Man setzt beispielsweise etwa 20 bis 50 Gew.-% Wasser oder wässrige alkalische Lösung, bezogen auf Copolymerisat, ein.According to the invention, the hydrolysis is carried out by reacting the polymers according to the invention with water or aqueous alkaline solution, such as alkali metal hydroxides, e.g. Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, of ammonia, primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamines or alkanolamines. In particular, sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution are suitable. For example, about 20 to 50% by weight of water or aqueous alkaline solution, based on the copolymer, is used.
Die Temperatur während der Hydrolyse ist im Allgemeinen unkritisch. Geeignet sind im Allgemeinen 20 bis 100°C, bevorzugt bis 90°C. Üblicherweise ist die Hydrolyse nach 10 Minuten bis 4 Stunden beendet.The temperature during the hydrolysis is generally not critical. In general, suitable are from 20 to 100.degree. C., preferably up to 90.degree. Usually, the hydrolysis is completed after 10 minutes to 4 hours.
Man erhält hydrolysierte Polymerisate, in denen die bei der Reaktion mit (D) nicht umgesetzten Anhydridgruppen vollständig oder partiell hydrolysiert sind und die Carbonsäuregruppen frei oder in Form ihrer Alkalisalze oder Ammoniumsalze vorliegen.Hydrolyzed polymers are obtained in which the anhydride groups unreacted in the reaction with (D) are completely or partially hydrolyzed and the carboxylic acid groups are present free or in the form of their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts.
Die Polydispersität der oben beschriebenen hydrolysierten Polymerisate liegt im Allgemeinen zwischen 2 und 10, bevorzugt bis 7.The polydispersity of the hydrolyzed polymers described above is generally between 2 and 10, preferably up to 7.
Die K-Werte der oben beschriebenen hydrolysierten Polymerisate betragen 6 bis 100, vorzugsweise 10 bis 60 (gemessen nach H. Fikentscher bei 25 °C in Wasser und einer Polymerkonzentration von 1 Gew.-%).The K values of the hydrolyzed polymers described above are from 6 to 100, preferably from 10 to 60 (measured according to H. Fikentscher at 25 ° C. in water and a polymer concentration of 1% by weight).
Die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate oder hydrolysierten Polymerisate kann man erfindungsgemäß in der Vorgerbung oder Gerbung einsetzen. Die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate oder hydrolysierten Polymerisate kann man erfindungsgemäß in der Nachgerbung einsetzen.The polymers or hydrolyzed polymers described above can be used according to the invention in the pretanning or tanning. The polymers or hydrolyzed polymers described above can be used according to the invention in the retanning.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder kann man als Verfahren zum Vorgerben oder Gerben ausüben, im Folgenden dann auch erfindungsgemäßes Gerbverfahren genannt. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren geht aus von nach konventionellen Methoden vorbehandelten Häuten von Tieren wie beispielsweise Rindern, Schweinen, Ziegen oder Hirschen, den sogenannten Blößen. Dabei ist es für das erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahren nicht wesentlich, ob die Tiere beispielsweise durch Schlachten getötet wurden oder aber an natürlichen Ursachen verendet sind. Zu den konventionellen Methoden der Vorbehandlung gehören das beispielsweise das Äschern, Entkälken, Beizen und Pickeln sowie mechanische Arbeitsschritte, beispielsweise die Entfleischung der Häute.The process according to the invention for the production of leather can be carried out as a process for pretanning or tanning, in the following also called tanning process according to the invention. The tanning process according to the invention is based on hides pretreated by conventional methods from animals such as, for example, cattle, pigs, goats or deer, the so-called pelts. It is for that Tanning method according to the invention is not essential, whether the animals were killed, for example, by slaughtering or died of natural causes. Conventional methods of pre-treatment include, for example, liming, deliming, pickling and pimpling, as well as mechanical operations such as skinning the hides.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren übt man im Allgemeinen so aus, dass man ein oder mehrere erfindungsgemäße Gerbmittel in einer Portion oder in mehreren Portionen unmittelbar vor oder aber während des Gerbungsschrittes zusetzt. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren wird vorzugsweise bei einem pH-Wert von 2,5 bis 4 durchgeführt, wobei man häufig beobachtet, dass der pH-Wert während der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahrens um etwa 0,3 bis drei Einheiten ansteigt. Man kann den pH-Wert auch durch Zugabe abstumpfender Mittel um etwa 0,3 bis drei Einheiten erhöhen.The tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out by adding one or more tanning agents according to the invention in one portion or in several portions immediately before or else during the tanning step. The tanning process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a pH of 2.5 to 4, it being frequently observed that the pH increases by about 0.3 to three units during the performance of the tanning process according to the invention. It is also possible to increase the pH by about 0.3 to three units by adding blunting agents.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren führt man im Allgemeinen bei Temperaturen von 10 bis 45°, bevorzugt bei 20 bis 30°C durch. Bewährt hat sich eine Dauer von 10 Minuten bis 12 Stunden, bevorzugt sind eine bis drei Stunden. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren kann man in beliebigen gerbereiüblichen Gefäßen durchführen, beispielsweise durch Walken in Fässern oder in gedrehten Trommeln.The tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out at temperatures of 10 to 45 °, preferably at 20 to 30 ° C. Has proven useful a duration of 10 minutes to 12 hours, preferably one to three hours. The tanning process according to the invention can be carried out in any conventional tanning vessel, for example by walking in barrels or in rotated drums.
In einer Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahrens setzt man die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate bzw. hydrolysierten Polymerisate zusammen mit einem oder mehreren herkömmlichen Gerbstoffen ein, beispielsweise mit Chromgerbstoffen, mineralischen Gerbstoffen, Syntanen, Polymergerbstoffen oder vegetabilen Gerbstoffen, wie sie beispielsweise beschrieben sind in
In einer Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahrens setzt man oben beschriebene Polymerisate bzw. hydrolysierte Polymerisate in einer Portion oder in mehreren Portionen vor oder während des Vorgerbens zu, in einer besonderen Variante bereits im Pickel.In a variant of the tanning process according to the invention, the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymers are added in one portion or in several portions before or during pre-tanning, in a particular variant already in pimples.
Man kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder auch als Verfahren zum Nachgerben von Leder unter der Verwendung der oben beschriebenen Polymerisate bzw. hydrolysierten Polymerisate durchführen, im Folgenden auch erfindungsgemäßes Nachgerbverfahren genannt. Das erfindungsgemäße Nachgerbverfahren geht aus von konventionell, d.h. beispielsweise mit Chromgerbstoffen, mineralischen Gerbstoffen, Polymergerbstoffen, Aldehyden, Syntanen oder Harzgerbstoffen gegerbten Halbzeugen oder erfindungsgemäß wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Halbzeugen. Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Nachgerbungsverfahren lässt man die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate bzw. hydrolysierten Polymerisate auf Halbzeuge einwirken.The process according to the invention for the production of leather can also be carried out as a process for retanning leather using the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymers, in the following also called retanning processes according to the invention. The retanning process according to the invention is based on conventional, i. for example, with chrome tanning agents, mineral tannins, polymer tanning agents, aldehydes, syntans or resin tanning tanned semi-finished products or semi-finished products according to the invention as described above. To carry out the retanning process according to the invention, the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymers are allowed to act on semi-finished products.
Das erfindungsgemäße Nachgerbverfahren kann man unter ansonsten üblichen Bedingungen durchführen. Man wählt zweckmäßig einen oder mehrere, d.h. 2 bis 6 Einwirkschritte und kann zwischen den Einwirkschritten mit Wasser spülen. Die Temperatur bei den einzelnen Einwirkschritten beträgt jeweils von 5 bis 60°C, bevorzugt 20 bis 45°C. Man setzt zweckmäßig weitere, während der Nachgerbung üblicherweise verwendete Mittel ein, beispielsweise Fettlicker, Polymergerbstoffe und Fettungsmittel auf Acrylat- und/oder Methacrylatbasis, Nachgerbstoffe auf Basis von Harz- und Vegetabilgerbstoffen, Füllstoffe, Lederfarbstoffe oder Emulgatoren.The retanning process according to the invention can be carried out under otherwise customary conditions. It is convenient to choose one or more, i. 2 to 6 action steps and can rinse with water between the interaction steps. The temperature in the individual reaction steps is in each case from 5 to 60.degree. C., preferably from 20 to 45.degree. It is expedient to use further agents customarily used during the retanning, for example fatliquors, polymer tanning agents and acrylate- and / or methacrylate-based fatliquoring agents, retanning agents based on resin and vegetable tanning agents, fillers, leather dyes or emulsifiers.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind wässrige Dispersionen und Lösungen, enthaltend die oben beschriebenen hydrolysierten Polymerisate. Unter Dispersionen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind beispielsweise Emulsionen oder Suspensionen der oben beschriebenen Polymerisate zu verstehen. Die erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen und die erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Lösungen enthalten üblicherweise von 20 bis 50 Gew.-% der erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate. Ihr pH-Wert beträgt üblicherweise 2 bis 10 und liegt vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 2 bis 7.Another aspect of the present invention are aqueous dispersions and solutions containing the hydrolyzed polymers described above. For the purposes of the present invention, dispersions are to be understood as meaning, for example, emulsions or suspensions of the above-described polymers. The aqueous dispersions according to the invention and the aqueous solutions according to the invention usually contain from 20 to 50% by weight of the polymers according to the invention. Its pH is usually 2 to 10 and is preferably in the range of 2 to 7.
In dem Fall, dass man nach der Herstellung der oben beschriebenen Polymerisate nicht abreagiertes I a bzw. I b nicht abgetrennt hat, enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen nicht abreagiertes I a bzw. I b.In the case in which unreacted Ia or Ib has not been removed after the preparation of the above-described polymers, the dispersions according to the invention contain unreacted Ia or Ib.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Leder, hergestellt durch das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren oder das erfindungsgemäße Nachgerbverfahren oder durch eine Kombination aus erfindungsgemäßem Gerbverfahren und erfindungsgemäßen Nachgerbverfahren. Die erfindungsgemäßen Leder zeichnen sich durch eine insgesamt vorteilhafte Qualität aus, beispielsweise fühlen sie sich besonders weich an. Die erfindungsgemäßen Leder enthalten die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate bzw. die oben beschriebenen hydrolysierten Polymerisate besonders gleichmäßig über den Querschnitt verteilt.A further aspect of the present invention is leather produced by the tanning process according to the invention or the retanning process according to the invention or by a combination of inventive tanning process and retanning process according to the invention. The leathers of the invention are characterized by an overall advantageous quality, for example, they feel particularly soft. The leathers of the invention contain the polymers described above or the hydrolyzed polymers described above are distributed evenly over the cross section.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Leder zur Herstellung von Bekleidungsstücken, Möbeln oder Autoteilen. Unter Bekleidungsstücke sind im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung beispielsweise Jacken, Hosen, Schuhe, Gürtel oder Hosenträger zu nennen. Unter Möbeln sind im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung alle solchen Möbel zu nennen, die Bestandteile aus Leder enthalten. Beispielhaft seien Sitzmöbel genannt wie etwa Sessel, Stühle, Sofas. Unter Autoteilen seien beispielhaft Autositze genannt.Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the leather according to the invention for the production of clothing, furniture or car parts. For the purposes of the present invention, garments are, for example, jackets, trousers, shoes, belts or suspenders. In the context of the present invention, furniture is to be understood as meaning all furniture which contains leather components. Examples include seating, such as armchairs, chairs, sofas. Car parts are exemplified by car seats.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Bekleidungsstücke, enthaltend die oder hergestellt aus erfindungsgemäßen Ledern. Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Möbel, enthaltend die oder hergestellt aus erfindungsgemäßen Ledern. Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Autoteile, enthaltend die oder hergestellt aus erfindungsgemäßen Ledern.
Die Erfindung wird durch Arbeitsbeispiele erläutert.Another aspect of the present invention are garments comprising or made of leathers of the invention. Another aspect of the present invention is furniture comprising or made of leathers according to the invention. Another aspect of the present invention are car parts containing or made from leathers of the invention.
The invention will be explained by working examples.
108 g (1,10 mol) Maleinsäureanhydrid wurden in 550 g (1,10 mol) D1 Methylpolyethylenglycol mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mw von 500 g/mol) gelöst und unter Rühren in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 90°C erhitzt. Bei dieser Temperatur wurden innerhalb von zwei Stunden 6 g tert. Butylperoctoat und eine Lösung von 12 g (0,14 mol) Methacrylsäure in 100 g (0,96 mol) Styrol langsam zugetropft. Das erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch wurde anschließend 4 Stunden bei 150 °C gerührt, wobei ein braunes Öl entstand. Es wurde auf 50 °C abgekühlt. Das Öl wurde in 500 ml Wasser aufgenommen und die Lösung mit 25 Gew.-% Natronlauge auf pH-Wert 6-7 eingestellt.108 g (1.10 mol) of maleic anhydride were dissolved in 550 g (1.10 mol) of D1 methyl polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight M w of 500 g / mol) and heated to 90 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere. At this temperature, 6 g tert. Within two hours. Butyl peroctoate and a solution of 12 g (0.14 mol) of methacrylic acid in 100 g (0.96 mol) of styrene slowly added dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was then stirred for 4 hours at 150 ° C, resulting in a brown oil. It was cooled to 50 ° C. The oil was taken up in 500 ml of water and the solution was adjusted to pH 6-7 with 25% by weight of sodium hydroxide solution.
Man erhält eine 41 Gew.-% dünnviskose Polymerlösung mit einem K-Wert von 36 (1% in H2O).This gives a 41 wt .-% thin viscous polymer solution having a K value of 36 (1% in H 2 O).
Es wurde nach dem Verfahren aus 1.1. gearbeitet, aber die Einsatzstoffe wie aus der Tabelle 1 ersichtlich gewählt.
[g (mol)]
[g (mol)]
[g (mol)]
[g (mol)]
(1 Gew.-% in H2O)
D2 : Methylpolyethylenglykol mit einer molaren Masse Mw von ca. 1000 g/mol
D3: C15H31-O-(CH2-CH2-O)7-H
C1: CH2=CH-CH2-O(CH2-CH2-O)10-H
[g (mol)]
[g (mol)]
[g (mol)]
[g (mol)]
(1% by weight in H 2 O)
D2: methyl polyethylene glycol with a molar mass M w of about 1000 g / mol
D3: C 15 H 31 -O- (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 7 -H
C1: CH 2 = CH-CH 2 -O (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 10 -H
194 g (2,11 mol) Maleinsäureanhydrid wurden zusammen mit 20 g C2, Poly-Ethylvinylether mit K-Wert 50, gemessen in Cyclohexanol (1 Gew.-% bei 25°C nach H. Fikentscher) in 900 g ortho-Xylol gelöst und unter Rühren in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 140°C erwärmt. Bei 140°C wurde innerhalb von vier Stunden gleichzeitig ein Gemisch, bestehend aus 220 g (2,16 mol) Styrol und 158 g (2,20 mol) Acrylsäure, und eine Lösung von 4 g Di-tert-Butylperoxid in 36 g ortho-Xylol zugesetzt. Anschließend wurde noch eine Stunde bei 140°C gerührt, auf 50°C abgekühlt und das Lösungsmittel unter reduziertem Druck abdestilliert.194 g (2.11 mol) of maleic anhydride were dissolved together with 20 g of C2, poly-ethyl vinyl ether with K value 50, measured in cyclohexanol (1 wt .-% at 25 ° C according to H. Fikentscher) in 900 g ortho-xylene and heated to 140 ° C with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere. At 140 ° C within four hours simultaneously a mixture consisting of 220 g (2.16 mol) of styrene and 158 g (2.20 mol) of acrylic acid, and a solution of 4 g of di- tert-butyl peroxide in 36 g ortho Added -Xylene. Subsequently, one hour at 140 ° C was stirred, cooled to 50 ° C and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
Der K-Wert des in Form eines weißen Pulvers vorliegenden Vorprodukts VP10 betrug 15,9 (1 Gew.-% in Cyclohexanon bei 25°C).The K value of the white powder precursor VP10 was 15.9 (1 wt% in cyclohexanone at 25 ° C).
228 g (2,32 mol) Maleinsäureanhydrid werden zusammen mit 20 g C2 in 1100 g ortho-Xylol gelöst und unter Rühren in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 140°C erwärmt. Bei 140°C wurde innerhalb von vier Stunden gleichzeitig ein Gemisch, bestehend aus 230 g (2,25 mol) Styrol und 1300 g (18,06 mol) Acrylsäure, und eine Lösung von 12 g Di-tert-Butylperoxid in 140 g ortho-Xylol zugesetzt. Anschließend wurde eine Stunde bei 140 °C gerührt, auf 50 °C abgekühlt und das Lösungsmittel unter reduziertem Druck abdestilliert. Der K-Wert des in Form eines weißen Pulvers vorliegende VP1 3 betrug 24,2 (1 Gew.-% in Cyclohexanon bei 25°C).228 g (2.32 mol) of maleic anhydride are dissolved together with 20 g of C2 in 1100 g of ortho-xylene and heated to 140 ° C with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere. At 140 ° C was simultaneously within four hours a mixture consisting of 230 g (2.25 mol) of styrene and 1300 g (18.06 mol) of acrylic acid, and a solution of 12 g of di- tert-butyl peroxide in 140 g ortho Added -Xylene. The mixture was then stirred for one hour at 140 ° C, cooled to 50 ° C and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The K value of VP1 3 in the form of a white powder was 24.2 (1 wt% in cyclohexanone at 25 ° C).
Die Herstellung der Polymerisate P10 bis 14 aus den Vorprodukten VP 10 bzw. VP 13 und den in der Tabelle 2 angegebenen Alkylpolyalkylenglycolen erfolgte durch Erhitzen eines Gemischs der beiden Komponenten unter Stickstoff. Die Umsetzung erfolgte innerhalb von 4 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 170 °C. Nach Abkühlen auf 50 °C wurde das Öl mit 50 g Wasser und 10 g wässriger 25 Gew.-% Natronlauge dispergiert. Das Molverhältnis NaOH/(Summe aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und Acrylsäure) betrug 0,6/1,0, so dass 30 bis 40 Gew.-% Dispersionen mit einem pH-Wert von 6 bis 7 resultierten.
(1 Gew.-% in H2O)
D6: C15H31-O-(CH2-CH(CH3)-O)3(CH2-CH2-O)12-H
(1% by weight in H 2 O)
D6: C 15 H 31 -O- (CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -O) 3 (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 12 -H
Alle Angaben in Gew.-% beziehen sich auf das Falzgewicht, wenn nicht anders angegeben.All figures in% by weight are based on the shaved weight, unless stated otherwise.
Zebu-Wetblue Leder, kommerziell erhältlich bei Fa. Packer, USA, wurde auf eine Stärke von 1,8-2,0 mm gefalzt und in Streifen zu je 600 g geschnitten. Anschließend wurden die Streifen in einem Fass und einer Flottenlänge von 200 Gew.-% im Abstand von 10 Minuten mit 2 Gew.-% Natriumformiat, 0,4 Gew.-% NaHCO3 und 1 Gew.-% Tamol®NA, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengessllschaft, versetzt. Nach 90 Minuten wurde die Flotte abgelassen. Die Streifen wurden dann auf separate Walk-Fässer verteilt.Zebu Wetblue Leather, commercially available from Packer, USA, was folded to a thickness of 1.8-2.0 mm and cut into strips of 600 g each. Subsequently, the strips were commercially available in a barrel and a liquor length of 200% by weight at intervals of 10 minutes with 2% by weight of sodium formate, 0.4% by weight of NaHCO 3 and 1% by weight of Tamol®NA at BASF Aktiengessllschaft, offset. After 90 minutes, the fleet was drained. The strips were then distributed to separate walk barrels.
Zusammen mit 100 Gew.-% Wasser wurden bei 25-35°C 1 Gew.-% des Farbstoffs Luganil® Braun, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft, dosiert und 10 Minuten im Fass gewalkt.1% by weight of the dye Luganil® Braun, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, was metered in at 25-35 ° C. and tumbled for 10 minutes in a barrel together with 100% by weight of water.
Anschließend wurden 4 Gew.-% Polymerisat P1 dosiert, gefolgt von 4 Gew.-% Sulfongerbstoff Basyntan® DLX, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft, und 2 Gew.-% Harzgerbstoff Relugan® DLF, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Anschließend wurden die Leder 45 Minuten bei 15 Umdrehungen pro Minute im Fass gewalkt. Danach wurden 3 Gew.-% Vegetabilgerbstoff Mimosa®, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft, zugegeben und weitere 30 Minuten gewalkt. Danach wurden weitere 2 Gew.-% Luganil®Braun zugegeben und weitere 30 Minuten gewalkt.Subsequently, 4 wt .-% polymer P1 were metered, followed by 4% by weight of sulfone tanning agent Basyntan® DLX, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, and 2% by weight of resin tanning agent Relugan® DLF, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft. The leathers were then tumbled for 45 minutes at 15 revolutions per minute in the barrel. Thereafter, 3% by weight of vegetable tanning material Mimosa®, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, was added and drumming for a further 30 minutes. Thereafter, another 2% by weight of Luganil® Brown was added and tumbling for a further 30 minutes.
Dann wurde mit Ameisensäure ein pH-Wert von 3,6-3,8 eingestellt. Nach 20 Minuten wurde die Flotte bezüglich der Auszehrung bewertet, abgelassen und das Leder mit 200 Gew.-% Wasser gewaschen. Zuletzt wurden 5 Gew.-% Lipodermlicker® CMG und 2 Gew.-% Lipodermlicker® PN in 100 % Wasser mit einer Temperatur von 50°C dosiert und bei dieser Temperatur weiter gewalkt. Nach einer Walkzeit von 45 Minuten wurde mit 1 Gew.-% Ameisensäure abgesäuert.Then, a pH of 3.6-3.8 was adjusted with formic acid. After 20 minutes, the liquor was evaluated for wasting, drained and the leather washed with 200% by weight of water. Finally, 5% by weight of Lipodermlicker® CMG and 2% by weight of Lipodermlicker® PN in 100% water at a temperature of 50 ° C. were metered in and further agitated at this temperature. After a flexing time of 45 minutes, acidification was carried out with 1% by weight of formic acid.
Das so erhaltene Leder wurde mit Wasser gewaschen, getrocknet und gestollt und nach den in Tabelle 3 festgelegten Prüfkriterien bewertet. Die Zugfestigkeit wurde gemäß DIN 53328 bestimmt. Die Bewertung der Flottenauszehrung erfolgte visuell nach den Kriterien Restfarbstoff (Extinktion) und Trübung (Fettungsmittel). Die Bewertung der weiteren anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften erfolgte durch Probanden nach einem Notensystem von 1 (sehr gut) bis 5 (mangelhaft).
[N]
(Schnitt)
Polymerisat V18: Polymer aus
Polymerisat V19: Polymer aus
[N]
(Cut)
Polymer V18: polymer
Polymer V19: polymer
Die Blöße eines Süddeutschen Rindes wurde mit 2,5 Gew.-% Glutardialdehyd und 3 Gew.-% des Sulfongerbstoffs Basyntan®, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft, jeweils bezogen auf das Blößengewicht, in ein entsprechendes wetwhite-Halbzeug überführt. Nach der Vorgerbung lag der pH-Wert bei 3,9). Die vorgegerbte Blöße wurde abgewelkt, auf eine Stärke von 1,2 mm gefalzt und in Streifen zu je 400 g geschnitten.The pelt of a southern German bovine was converted into a corresponding wetwhite semi-finished product with 2.5% by weight of glutardialdehyde and 3% by weight of the sulfone tanning agent Basyntan®, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, in each case based on the pelt weight. After pre-tanning, the pH was 3.9). The pre-tanned pelt was wilted, folded to a thickness of 1.2 mm and cut into strips of 400 g each.
Alle Angaben in Gew.-% beziehen sich im Folgenden auf das Falzgewicht, wenn nicht anders angegeben.All data in% by weight refer in the following to the shaved weight, unless stated otherwise.
In einem Fass wurden Streifen mit 100 Gew.-% Wasser, 6 Gew.-% des Sulfongerbstoffs Basyntan® DLX-N, 5 Gew.-% des Vegetabilgerbstoffs Tara®, 3 Gew.-% des Harzgerbstoffs Relugan® S sowie 1,5 Gew.-% Farbstoff Luganil braun NGB®, jeweils kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft, über einen Zeitraum von 60 Minuten bei 25°C-30°C im Fass bei 10 Umdrehungen pro Minute behandelt. Anschließend wird mit Ameisensäure ein pH-Wert von 3,6 eingestellt und nach weiteren 20 Minuten die Flotte abgelassen und verworfen. Man setzte 100 Gew.-% Wasser zu und dosierte man 5 Gew.-% einer Polymerisatdispersion gemäß Tabelle 3 zu, gefolgt von 6 Gew.-% Lipodermlicker CMG®, 1 Gew.-% Lipamin® OK und 1,5 Gew.-% Luganil braun NGB®, jeweils kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft.Strips containing 100% by weight of water, 6% by weight of the sulfone tanning agent were placed in a barrel Basyntan® DLX-N, 5% by weight of the vegetable tanning agent Tara®, 3% by weight of the resin tanning agent Relugan® S and 1.5% by weight of the dye Luganil brown NGB®, each commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, over a period of time of 60 minutes at 25 ° C-30 ° C in the barrel at 10 revolutions per minute. Then a pH of 3.6 is adjusted with formic acid and drained after a further 20 minutes, the liquor and discarded. 100% by weight of water were added and 5% by weight of a polymer dispersion according to Table 3 were metered in, followed by 6% by weight of Lipodermlicker CMG®, 1% by weight of Lipamin® OK and 1.5% by weight. % Luganil brown NGB®, each commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
Nach einer Walkzeit von 60 Minuten wurde mit Ameisensäure ein pH-Wert 3,2 abgesäuert und vor dem Ablassen der Flotte entsprechende Proben gezogen. Die Leder werden zweimal mit je 100 % Wasser gewaschen, über Nacht feucht gelagert und nach dem Abwalken auf Spannrahmen bei 50 °C getrocknet. Nach dem Stollen wurden die Leder wie unten stehend beurteilt.After a drumming time of 60 minutes, a pH of 3.2 was acidified with formic acid and appropriate samples were drawn before the liquor was discharged. The leathers are washed twice with 100% water, stored wet overnight and dried after tentering on tenter at 50 ° C. After the tunnel, the leathers were judged as below.
Das so erhaltene Leder wurde mit Wasser gewaschen, getrocknet und gestollt und nach den in Tabelle 3 festgelegten Prüfkriterien bewertet. Die Zugfestigkeit wurde gemäß DIN 53328 bestimmt. Die Bewertung der Flottenauszehrung erfolgte visuell nach den Kriterien Restfarbstoff (Extinktion) und Trübung (Fettungsmittel). Die Bewertung der weiteren anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften erfolgte durch Probanden nach einem Notensystem von 1 (sehr gut) bis 5 (mangelhaft).
Polymerisat V18: Polymer aus
Polymerisat V19: Polymer aus
Polymer V18: polymer
Polymer V19: polymer
Claims (13)
- A process for the production of leather, wherein pelts, pickled pelts or semifinished products are treated with at least one polymer which is obtainable by copolymerization of
at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride (A), derived from at least one dicarboxylic acid of 4 to 8 carbon atoms,
at least one vinylaromatic compound (B) and optionally at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer (C) differing from (A) and having at least one hetero atom, reaction with at least one compound (D) of the formula I a or I b
and optionally hydrolysis with water or aqueous alkaline solution,
in formulae I a and I b the variables being defined as follows:A1 are identical or different and are C2-C6-alkyleneR1 is linear or branched C1-C20-alkyl andn is an integer from 6 to 200. - The process according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is treated with water or aqueous alkaline solution before use.
- The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein (B) is styrene.
- The process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molar ratio of (A) to (C) is from 1:0 to 1:10.
- The process according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the molar ratio of (A) to [(B) + (C)] is from 2:1 to 1:20.
- The process according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein (C) is selected from ethylenically unsaturated C3-C8-carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula II
esters or amides of the formula VIR2 and R3 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and straight-chain and branched C1-C10-alkyl,R4 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and branched and straight-chain C1-C22-alkyl,R5 is hydrogen or methyl,x is an integer from 2 to 6,yis an integer selected from 0 and 1,ais an integer from 0 to 6,R6 and R7 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and straight-chain and branched C1-C10-alkyl,X is oxygen or N-R4R8 is [A1-O]n-R4,R9 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and straight-chain and branched C1-C10-alkyland the remaining variables are as defined above. - The process according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hydrolysis is carried out at from 15 to 100°C.
- The process according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the polymers are metered as an aqueous dispersion or solution.
- A leather produced by a process according to any of claims 1 to 8.
- The use of a leather according to claim 9 for the production of articles of clothing or furniture or automotive parts.
- An article of clothing produced from or comprising leather according to claim 9.
- A piece of furniture produced from or comprising leather according to claim 9.
- An automotive part produced from or comprising leather according to claim 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10304959A DE10304959A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2003-02-06 | Process for the production of leather |
DE10304959 | 2003-02-06 | ||
PCT/EP2004/000777 WO2004070063A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2004-01-29 | Method for producing leather |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1592814A1 EP1592814A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
EP1592814B1 true EP1592814B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
Family
ID=32730837
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04706144A Expired - Lifetime EP1592814B1 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2004-01-29 | Method for producing leather |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060130241A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1592814B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20050097973A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100523224C (en) |
AR (1) | AR043361A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE484599T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0406758A (en) |
DE (2) | DE10304959A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004070063A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202006011724U1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2007-12-06 | Schaefer, Philipp | vehicle seat |
EP2190913B1 (en) | 2007-09-03 | 2015-07-29 | Basf Se | Method for the production of aqueous formulations, aqueous formulations, and the use thereof |
US20100192307A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2010-08-05 | Basf Se | Method for the production of aqueous formulations, aqueous formulations, and the use thereof |
JP5466678B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-04-09 | 下越生コン建設株式会社 | Sorting bucket |
EP2607499A3 (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2013-07-10 | Basf Se | Method for producing leather |
CN116376036B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-09-20 | 东南大学 | Comb-type polycarboxylate dispersant, and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2068999B (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1984-02-22 | British Leather Mfg Res | Tanning leather |
DE4205839A1 (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1993-09-02 | Basf Ag | USE OF IMPLEMENTATION PRODUCTS OF HOMO OR COPOLYMERISATS BASED ON MONOETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED DICARBONIC ACID ANHYDRIDES WITH AMINES OR ALCOHOLS FOR FAT AND FILL LEATHER OR FUR SKINS |
DE4334796A1 (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1995-04-20 | Bayer Ag | Softening and hydrophobic retanning agents |
DE19610553A1 (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-09-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Agents for improving hide cleavability before or during leather tanning |
-
2003
- 2003-02-06 DE DE10304959A patent/DE10304959A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-01-29 KR KR1020057014283A patent/KR20050097973A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-01-29 WO PCT/EP2004/000777 patent/WO2004070063A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-01-29 AT AT04706144T patent/ATE484599T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-29 EP EP04706144A patent/EP1592814B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-29 BR BR0406758-4A patent/BRPI0406758A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-01-29 US US10/544,138 patent/US20060130241A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-01-29 DE DE502004011774T patent/DE502004011774D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-29 CN CNB2004800036489A patent/CN100523224C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-02 AR ARP040100309A patent/AR043361A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10304959A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
KR20050097973A (en) | 2005-10-10 |
ATE484599T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
DE502004011774D1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
WO2004070063A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
US20060130241A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
EP1592814A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
BRPI0406758A (en) | 2005-12-20 |
CN1748038A (en) | 2006-03-15 |
CN100523224C (en) | 2009-08-05 |
AR043361A1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0648846B1 (en) | Retans with softening and hydrophobic action | |
EP0682044A1 (en) | Copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, long-chaim olefines and fluoro-olefines | |
EP1592814B1 (en) | Method for producing leather | |
EP0628085B1 (en) | Use of reaction products of homo- or copolymerisates based on monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides with amines or alcohols for stuffing and fulling leathers and fur pelts | |
EP0927271A1 (en) | Novel leather-treatment agents, process for their preparation, and their use for producing low-fogging leathers | |
DE102005008034A1 (en) | Acid group-containing condensation products | |
EP1651781B1 (en) | Method for the production of leather by using polymers | |
DE19629986A1 (en) | Process for making leather and fur skins tanned with polymer tanning agents | |
EP1670859B1 (en) | Aqueous dispersions of copolymers, production thereof and use of the same | |
EP0907667B1 (en) | Aqueous polymer dispersion, process for preparing the same and its use in leather production | |
EP2057292B1 (en) | Melamine compounds and their use for producing leather | |
EP1668041B1 (en) | Method for the production of copolymers | |
WO2005031007A1 (en) | Method for the production of leather and semifinished products, and formulations that are suitable therefor | |
WO1994004580A1 (en) | Alkoxy group-containing copolymers and their use for retanning leather | |
EP2190913B1 (en) | Method for the production of aqueous formulations, aqueous formulations, and the use thereof | |
EP1335029A1 (en) | Process for the preparation of leather and furskin | |
DE10251141A1 (en) | A process for preparation of leather and artificial leather (sic) using vegetable and/or synthetic tannins with insertion of polymers in a post-tanning step and introduction of reactive carbonyl compounds | |
DE102004029467A1 (en) | Polyisobutylene derivatives, process for their preparation and their use | |
DE102004038217A1 (en) | Copolymers, their preparation and use | |
EP3390673A1 (en) | Method for the production of semi-finished leather or fur products | |
DE1930225B (en) | Process for the production of leather |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20050906 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: BASF SE |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 502004011774 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20101125 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20101013 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110214 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110113 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20110127 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110114 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110124 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20110328 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: BASF SE Effective date: 20110131 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110131 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20110714 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20110129 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20110930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110131 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110131 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 502004011774 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110714 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110131 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110129 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 484599 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20110129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120801 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502004011774 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20120801 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110129 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101013 |