EP1584762B1 - building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

u Support framework for buildings, especially single family houses, comprises at least three two-armed support elements (1) enclosing an angle (alpha ) larger than 90[deg] and forming with a first arm (11) a vertical support and with a second arm (12) a roof support. The free ends of the second arm of each support element meet and are interconnected at the highest point. The support elements are interconnected on a horizontal plane by at least one frame arrangement (2) having at least two L-shaped connecting bars (21) introduced between the support elements. The longer arm of each connecting bar faces upward and the shorter arm is aligned horizontally toward the inner side of the building to form a bearing surface for a ceiling.

Description

The invention relates to a supporting structure for buildings, in particular single-family homes for receiving the building loads and tensile forces.

From the DE 297 05 862 U1 is a supporting structure for buildings known in which in the center of the building from a vertical supports and frame cubic construction support structure is specified, which at least partially supports the building's roof and ceilings and walls. This is to realize a high variability of the division of the ceilings and walls for extensions or conversions.

The disadvantage is that the support structure is located inside the house and therefore the required vertical supports and frame parts does not allow complete freedom of design for the enclosed space.

Furthermore, from the DE 32 32 838 A1 a component set and L-shaped component for creating temporary structures known. This is a skeletal structure that is as lightweight as possible, which can be easily assembled and disassembled without heavy equipment such as cranes. The direction of this construction is therefore in a different direction. Nevertheless, the basic construction of identical, approximately L-shaped components, which also allow a building structure with a square plan.

Starting from the building structure according to the DE 297 05 862 U1 It is an object of the invention to provide a structure for buildings, in particular single-family homes, in which the enclosed space of any Support structure is free to allow a completely individual division of ceilings and walls.

The article "Design in wood construction" from the German construction magazine from 01-08,1991, pages 1139-1142 discloses a support value for buildings having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

The carrying value for buildings of the invention comprises the features of claim 1.

This object is achieved with a supporting structure according to claim 1.

The approximately L-shaped support elements are placed as a combined vertical supports and roof rack with its lower end on a foundation or floor plate and placed with its free end against the roof rack. The support elements are connected to each other at this highest point in space. With this construction, the volume to be converted is clamped and a support structure is provided which can already absorb building loads and tensile forces. To stiffen the structure, the support elements are connected to each other on a horizontal plane by at least one frame assembly. In this case, the frame assembly is formed of individual, arranged between the support elements in the region of the building exterior wall connecting struts. At least two opposing connecting struts have an L-shaped cross-section. The longer leg of the L-shaped connecting strut is arranged substantially vertically pointing upwards and forms a Drempel the roof and wall element loads supported thereon to the two connected by the connecting strut support elements. The shorter leg of the L-shaped connecting strut, however, shows horizontally to the building inside and serves as a support for a floor ceiling. For example, as a floor slab a prestressed hollow ceiling can be used. On and on this structure roof and wall elements are then mounted in a suitable manner.

A further stiffening of the structure is achieved when the second leg of the support elements on a horizontal plane approximately at half the longitudinal extent of the second leg by a latch assembly consisting of arranged between the second legs bars connected to each other. In particular, it is advantageous that a significant shortening of the buckling length is achieved for a roof carrier of the supporting structure forming the second leg. Accordingly, the support element can be made narrower in its cross section. At the same time, the latch arrangement preferably serves as a support for a ground cover.

The fact that the floor and / or floor ceiling form-fit between the support elements and the frame assembly or latch assembly is formed insertable, a further stiffening of the structure, in particular against shear forces is achieved. The form-fitting inserted ceilings secure the plane spanned by the structure in each case in the associated horizontal plane and thus the angle-faithful stability of the structure.

If the support elements have rebates with bearing surfaces for building exterior wall or roof elements, wherein the bearing surfaces are aligned parallel to the surface of the wall or roof elements to be applied or applied, the coupling of the roof and wall elements to be raised to the structural structure is improved. In particular, excessive point loads are avoided. Preferably, the support elements of their cross-section are formed so that they complete with applied wall or roof elements inside and outside plane with this, so no longer emerge as constructive elements.

Characterized in that the two legs are pivotally connected to each other about a horizontal axis and in an angular range of 90 ° <α <150 ° can be fixed, the support elements can be variably used for different roof pitches and roof shapes. Manufacturing technology and static preferred, however, is a one-piece design of the support members with a fixed angle between the two legs of the support element.

If at least the second legs of the support elements have a circular or circular segment-shaped cross-section, the roof elements forming the roof construction on the second leg, in particular at different angular positions, in particular in connection with angularly adjustable support elements, will be applied. Roof slopes, due to the circular or circular segment-shaped cross-section possible.

If a central center post is arranged below the highest point in space, structures with a particularly large base area and / or structures with support elements with a smaller cross section can be created. The central mullion can be designed as a pure support pillar or as a chimney and / or supply shaft.

If four identical support elements are provided and the structure assumes a rectangular or square plan, a structurally particularly simple and inexpensive to be created building is specified. As a standardized Grundrißmaßmaß an area of 9 m × 9 m is preferred.

Characterized in that two-legged extension support elements are provided, the included angle of the two legs is greater than or equal to 90 °, wherein the extension support member forms a vertical support with the first leg and a roof carrier with the second leg and wherein the free end of the second leg on the first leg of Supporting element or rests against the frame assembly, the basic construction can be varied by lateral attachments. Such attachments can also be retrofitted to the base structure. Accordingly, two extension support elements arranged on an outer side of the main structure form a cultivation support structure.

If receiving means are provided on the structure for receiving roof, ceiling and wall elements, the attachment of the roof, ceiling and wall elements is facilitated. The receiving means may be, for example, positive hook connections or bolt and screw.

In order to achieve sufficient stability of the support elements, they are preferably made of metal, reinforced concrete or wood.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1

in räumlicher Ansicht ein erfindungsgemäßes Tragwerk,

Fig. 2

das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Tragwerk mit einer Abwandlung in Draufsicht,

Fig. 3

in einem Querschnitt in einer vergrößerten Detailansicht die Auflage einer Geschossdecke an dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Tragwerk und

Fig. 4

in einer vergrößerten Schnittdarstellung ein Querschnittsprofil eines Tragelements mit angesetzten Wandelementen.

It shows:

Fig. 1

in a spatial view of an inventive structure,

Fig. 2

this in Fig. 1 illustrated structure with a modification in plan view,

Fig. 3

in a cross section in an enlarged detail view of the support of a floor slab on the in Fig. 1 illustrated structure and

Fig. 4

in an enlarged sectional view of a cross-sectional profile of a support element with attached wall elements.

The Fig. 1 shows a supporting structure for a family house consisting of four identical support elements 1, which are placed on a foundation plate F. How out Fig. 1 can be seen, each support element 1 is constructed zweischenklig. Here, the first leg 1-1 forms a vertical support and the second leg 12 a roof rack of the structure. The two Legs 11, 12 are integrally connected to one another via an arc region or a bend 15.

As already too Fig. 1 explained, the support member 1 is placed with its free end 13 of the vertical support 11 on a foundation F. In the illustrated embodiment, the foundation F is a square foundation plate, for example, 9 m × 9 m. At the other, upper free end 14 of the support member 1, so the free end 14 of the roof rack 12 meet the four support elements 1 to each other. The upper free ends 14 of the support elements 1 are non-positively and / or positively connected to each other. Preferably, a sheet metal part is used as a connecting element by means of bolts in the region of the free end 14 of the roof rack 12. Likewise, the support elements 1 may be fixed with their lower free ends 13 on the foundation F.

For further stiffening of the structure is in Fig. 1 a frame assembly 2 is shown, which connects the four support elements 1 in a horizontal plane. In the illustrated embodiment of a single-storey single-family house, the frame assembly 2 is arranged at the height of the floor slab in the region of the angled portion 15 of the support elements 1.

The frame assembly 2 consists of four connecting struts 21, 21 ', each interconnecting adjacent support elements 1 together. This connection can in turn be positive and / or non-positive. In the illustrated embodiment, two connecting struts 21 are arranged with a rectangular cross-sectional profile in the supporting structure opposite each other, whereas the two other, oppositely disposed connecting struts 21 'L-shaped cross-section, as in Fig. 3 shown. In this case, the larger leg 211 of the connecting strut 21 is substantially vertically pointing upward. The bigger one Leg 211 forms the drumming. The shorter leg 212 of the cross-sectionally L-shaped connecting strut 21 is oriented horizontally facing the building interior. Accordingly, the shorter leg 212 forms a support for a projectile ceiling 4 to be introduced in the region of the frame arrangement 2.

The four support elements 1 so span a volume of space that can now be completed by means of locally created or prefabricated components to a closed building. The structure takes over all building loads and tensile forces and directs them to the foundation F. Within the converted volume, there are neither load-bearing walls nor support elements. Thus, the interior of the building can be completely individually divided and subsequently changed.

In two-storey or multi-storey buildings and several frame assemblies 2 can be arranged horizontally one above the other. Again, the frame assemblies 2 are preferably to be arranged in the area of the floor slabs. Thus, it is also conceivable to build a full basement single-storey detached house with this structure directly on the basement floor plate.

This in Fig. 2 illustrated support member 1 has for the illustrated embodiment in the region of the angled portion 15 of the two legs 11, 12 enclosed angle α = 125 °. In the arrangement according to Fig. 1 and an attached pitched roof with a ridge line parallel to two connecting struts 21 through the highest point in space thus a roof inclination of 45 ° is achieved. Of course, angles between 90 ° <α <150 °, preferably 110 ° <α <135 ° for the arc portion 15 of the support element 1 can be selected. According to the selected angle range, different roof pitches can be realized on the roof. The structure can be both Saddle roofs, hipped roofs, as well as combinations of them. As an alternative to the aforementioned orientation of the roof ridge, this can also take place along a diagonal in alignment of two roof beams 12.

In Fig. 2 is the structure according to Fig. 1 shown in a modified embodiment. In addition to the structural elements, namely supporting elements 1 and frame assembly 2 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 2 in the region of the roof rack 12 halfway between the bend 15 and the upper free end 14 of the support elements 1, a latch assembly 3 is inserted, which consists of four respectively inserted between the roof beams 12 on a horizontal plane latch 31. On the by the bolt 31 in the latch assembly 3 forming horizontally arranged frame construction a ground cover 41 is placed. The ground cover 41 stiffens the structure, in particular with regard to attacking shear forces. Accordingly, a high angular accuracy of the structure is achieved.

In Fig. 2 is a cross section of a support element 1 recognizable. The support element 1 therefore has a prismatic shape on its outside. Thus, two bearing surfaces 16, 16 'are formed, which coincide in each case with the plane of the roof and wall elements to be raised, whereby an advantageous load distribution takes place on these surfaces.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the cross section of the support element 1 as in Fig. 4 shown executed. In this case, the support element in the cross-sectional view of a roof ridge. According to Fig. 4 it is a section in the region of the second leg 12, so in the roof area. The roof rack forms both the outer corner of the roof ridge, as well as the inside corner on the inside of the building. In the region of the side edges of the support element folds 17 are arranged. The gradation formed in the side edge of the roof rack 12 forms a Support surface 16, which is parallel to the surface of the adjoining wall elements.

Furthermore, in Fig. 4 each cut a roof element 42 shown with a corresponding negative mold for engagement with the roof rack 12. The roof elements 42 are plugged into the roof rack 1 2 in the region of the bearing surfaces 1 6 protruding bolt 18 and screwed.

According to the invention can be made of four identical support elements, which have approximately L-shape, a raumumgreifende support structure for buildings, which allows complete freedom in the interior layout of the building. The support elements are as a flat, extending over a surface elements space-saving storable and easy to transport. The support elements can be driven with an ordinary truck semi-trailer to the site and handled there because of their low weight with a simple crane. Preferably, the support elements made of steel, prestressed reinforced concrete or molded wood.

The presented structure for buildings is also characterized by a high earthquake resistance. The construction formed from the support elements and frame arrangements as well as any latch arrangement can react elastically even in the case of considerable ground vibrations, such as occur in earthquakes. The ability to absorb building loads and shear forces is fully preserved. Only at the connections between the components is to ensure a sufficiently elastic and tension-resistant connection. In the case of larger earthquake amplitudes, it is then possible to damage the wall, roof and ceiling elements laid or laid on the supporting structure. Nevertheless, the building loads receiving structure remains intact and is thus able, even the possibly damaged attached to the structure elements safely hold. Consequently, personal injury caused by earthquakes in such buildings can be largely avoided.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

supporting member

11

first leg, vertical support

12

second leg, roof rack

13

lower free end

14

upper free end

15

Angling, bow area

16

bearing surface

16 '

bearing surface

17

fold

18

Fasteners, bolts

2

frame assembly

21

connecting struts

3

latch assembly

31

bars

4

floor ceiling

41

ground cover

42

roof element

F

foundation

α

angle

Claims (10)

1. A supporting structure for buildings, in particular single-family houses, to receive the building loads and tensile forces, consisting of at least three two-limbed supporting members (1) whose angle (α) included by the two limbs is greater than 90°, each supporting member (1) forming a vertical post of the supporting structure with the first limb (11) and a roof girder of the supporting structure with the second limb (12), the free ends of the second limb (12) of each supporting member (1) meeting at a highest spatial point and being connected to one another and the supporting members (1) being connected to one another on a horizontal plane by at least one frame arrangement (2), characterised in that the frame arrangement (2) has at least two connecting struts (21'), inserted between the supporting members (1) so as to face one another and L-shaped in cross-section, whose longer limb (211) is arranged directed upwards substantially vertically in the manner of a knee wall and whose shorter limb (212) is directed horizontal to the building inner surface and in the process forms a rest for a storey ceiling (4).
2. A supporting structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the second limbs (12) of the supporting members (1) are connected to one another on a horizontal plane, approximately half way along the longitudinal extension of the second limbs (12) by a beam arrangement (3) consisting of beams (31) arranged between the second limbs.
3. A supporting structure according to claim 2, characterised in that a loft ceiling (41) can be placed upon the beam arrangement (3).
4. A supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the storey ceiling (4) and/or loft ceiling (41) is/are designed to be insertable between the supporting members (1) and the frame arrangement (2) or beam arrangement (3) respectively in a positive-locking manner.
5. A supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the supporting members (1) have rebates (17) with bearing surfaces (16, 16') for building outside wall members or building roof members, the bearing surfaces (16, 16') being directed parallel to the surface of the wall members or roof members to be placed thereon or to be placed thereagainst.
6. A supporting structure according to any one of the proceeding claims, characterised in that the two limbs (11, 12) are connected to one another so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis and can be secured in an angle range of 90° < α < 150°.
7. A supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least the second limbs (12) of the supporting members (1) have a circular cross-section or a cross-section in the form of a segment of a circle.
8. A supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a central middle post is arranged under the highest spatial point.
9. A supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that four supporting members (1) of identical construction are provided and the supporting structure has a rectangular or square footprint which preferably is approximately 9 m x 9 m.
10. A supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that receiving and securing means (18) are provided on the supporting structure to receive roof, ceiling and wall members.

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