EP1583125A1 - Method of using an alloy type thermal fuse, and alloy type thermal fuse - Google Patents

Method of using an alloy type thermal fuse, and alloy type thermal fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1583125A1
EP1583125A1 EP05102375A EP05102375A EP1583125A1 EP 1583125 A1 EP1583125 A1 EP 1583125A1 EP 05102375 A EP05102375 A EP 05102375A EP 05102375 A EP05102375 A EP 05102375A EP 1583125 A1 EP1583125 A1 EP 1583125A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
type thermal
fuse
thermal fuse
alloy type
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05102375A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoshiaki Tanaka
Naotaka Ikawa
Miki Iwamoto
Toshiaki Saruwatari
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Uchihashi Estec Co Ltd
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Uchihashi Estec Co Ltd
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Publication of EP1583125A1 publication Critical patent/EP1583125A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of, in the case where an alloy type thermal fuse in which an In-Sn alloy is used as a fuse element is used under DC application, rationally using the alloy type thermal fuse while imposing a condition of stability under long-term DC application which is severer than that under AC application.
  • an alloy type thermal fuse a fusible alloy having a predetermined melting point is used as a fuse element, and a flux is applied to the fuse element.
  • Such an alloy type thermal fuse is disposed so as to be thermally contacted with an electronic/electrical appliance.
  • the fuse element is melted by heat generation due to abnormality of the electronic/electrical appliance, and the molten alloy is divided and spheroidized because of the surface tension under the coexistence with the molten flux.
  • the temperature of the appliance is lowered as a result of the division and spheroidization, the divided molten alloys are solidified, whereby interruption of the power application is completed.
  • lead-free materials is being advanced in electronic/electrical appliances.
  • an electronic/electrical appliance contains lead
  • lead leaks out of the scrap to adversely affect the ecological system. Therefore, the use of, for example, lead-free solder is being advanced.
  • the operating temperatures of alloy type thermal fuses which are widely used belong to a range of 120 to 150°C.
  • an In-Sn alloy is used as a lead-free fuse element of an alloy type thermal fuse having an operating temperature of 120 to 150°C (for example, see Document Nos. 1, 2 and 3).
  • Fig. 1 is a temperature phase diagram of an In-Sn alloy.
  • the solidus temperature is in a range of about 120 to 150°C
  • the solid-liquid coexisting width between ⁇ phase of a solid solution and L phase of a melt is very narrow or 3 to 4°C, and hence it is expected that dispersion of the operating temperature can be reduced.
  • a wire member of a diameter of 500 ⁇ m ⁇ was obtained by drawing an In-Sn alloy of 74% In and 26% Sn.
  • Cylindrical thermal fuses (50 fuses) in which the wire member is used as a fuse element were placed in a thermostatic bath of a temperature which is lower than the operating temperature by 35°C.
  • a DC current of 5 A was supplied to the fuses for 3,000 hours.
  • phase transformation from ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) mixed phase to ⁇ phase occurs along the curve ab in the range of 85 to 52% In.
  • thermoprotector is used in a protection circuit of a battery pack to protect the circuit against abnormal heat generation in an FET, or in an AC adapter to prevent overheating of transistors, coils, and a transformer from occurring.
  • a thermoprotector is requested to have an operating temperature of 120 to 150°C.
  • thermoprotector Although an alloy type thermal fuse in which an In-Sn alloy is used as a fuse element satisfies the operating temperature condition of a thermoprotector, such an alloy type thermal fuse is hardly used as a thermoprotector because of the above-mentioned troubles due to long-term DC application such as the destructiveness caused by long-term DC application.
  • alloy type thermal fuses in which an In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In is used as a fuse element show a narrow dispersion range of the operating temperature, and have adequate ductility, so that breakage during a drawing process can be eliminated and a high yield can be ensured. Therefore, such an alloy type thermal fuse is very useful as a thermoprotector for an AC electronic/electrical appliance.
  • the term of an AC electronic/electrical appliance means an appliance in which an AC current flows through an alloy type thermal fuse for protecting the appliance, and that of a DC electronic/electrical appliance means an appliance in which a DC current flows through an alloy type thermal fuse for protecting the appliance.
  • An In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In provides the advantages that dispersion of an operating temperature can be sufficiently eliminated, and that a high yield can be ensured by adequate ductility, but has a defect which is fatal to a DC fuse, or in which troubles due to long-term DC application such as long-term DC application breakage occur.
  • the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is characterized in that an AC electronic/electrical appliance is protected against overheating by an AC-only alloy type thermal fuse in which a fuse element is made of an In-Sn alloy of (In% + Sn%) > 93.4% and In% > 48.5%, and which has an operating temperature of 120 to 150°C, and a DC electronic/electrical appliance is protected against overheating of a same temperature by a DC alloy type thermal fuse in which an alloy composition of a fuse element is different from an alloy composition of the AC-only alloy type thermal fuse.
  • the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is characterized in that, in the above method, the fuse element of the DC alloy type thermal fuse has an alloy composition in which 20% ⁇ Bi ⁇ 56.5%, 43% ⁇ Sn ⁇ 70%, and 0.5% ⁇ In ⁇ 10%.
  • the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is characterized in that, in the above method, the fuse element of the DC alloy type thermal fuse has an alloy composition in which 20% ⁇ Bi ⁇ 56.5%, 43% ⁇ Sn ⁇ 70%, and 0.5% ⁇ In ⁇ 10%, and 0.01 to 7 weight parts of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Ga, Ge, and P are added to 100 weight parts of Bi + Sn + In in the alloy composition.
  • the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is characterized in that an AC-only alloy type thermal fuse in which a fuse element is made of an In-Sn alloy of (In% + Sn%) > 93.4% and In% > 48.5%, and which has an operating temperature of 120 to 150°C is used for protecting only an AC electronic/electrical appliance among AC/DC electronic/electrical appliances, against overheating.
  • the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is characterized in that, in the above method, the fuse element of the AC-only alloy type thermal fuse has an alloy composition in which 52% ⁇ In ⁇ 85% and balance Sn.
  • the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is characterized in that, in the above method, the fuse element of the AC-only alloy type thermal fuse has an alloy composition in which 52% ⁇ In ⁇ 85% and balance Sn, and 0.01 to 7 weight parts of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Sb are added to 100 weight parts of In + Sn in the alloy composition.
  • the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is characterized in that, in the above method, a heating element for fusing off the fuse element is additionally disposed on each of the alloy type thermal fuses.
  • an operating temperature of the AC-only alloy type thermal fuse is substantially equal to an operating temperature of the DC alloy type thermal fuse [including cases where the operating temperatures coincide with each other in a range of a tolerance ( ⁇ values) of the operating temperatures, and where the operating temperatures coincide with each other in a range from +0°C to -7°C of the nominal operating temperature].
  • the alloy type thermal fuse according to the invention is an AC-only alloy type thermal fuse which is to be used in the method of using an alloy type thermal fuse, and in which a fuse element is made of an In-Sn alloy, and instructions for AC-use only or inhibition of DC-use are indicated directly or indirectly.
  • the direct indication can be conducted by, for example, printing on the body of the alloy type thermal fuse
  • the indirect indication can be conducted in the form of written description in an instruction manual, specifications, a catalog, or the like.
  • an alloy type thermal fuse in which an In-Sn alloy, or particularly a binary In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In (15 to 48% Sn) is used as a fuse element is broken because of the application.
  • an alloy type thermal fuse in which the In-Sn alloy is used as a fuse element is used as an AC-only fuse, or an alloy type thermal fuse in which the In-Sn alloy is used as a fuse element is used as an AC-only fuse, and an alloy type thermal fuse which uses a fuse element having another alloy composition and exhibiting excellent stability under long-term DC application is used as a DC fuse. Therefore, it is possible to use safely and rationally an alloy type thermal fuse in which an In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In is used as a fuse element.
  • an alloy type thermal fuse is used as a thermoprotector for a battery pack of a secondary battery used as a power source for a notebook personal computer, a portable telephone, or the like, such as a lithium-ion secondary battery or a lithium polymer secondary battery, or for an AC adapter
  • the use of an alloy type thermal fuse in which an In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In is used is inhibited, and an alloy type thermal fuse which uses a fuse element having another alloy composition and exhibiting excellent stability under long-term DC application is used as a fuse dedicated to the thermoprotector for the battery pack or the AC adapter, whereby the reliability of thermal protection of the notebook personal computer, the portable telephone, or the like can be improved.
  • an In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In has a narrow solid-liquid coexisting width and adequate ductility. Therefore, an alloy type thermal fuse in which the alloy is used as a fuse element has advantages that dispersion of the operating temperature can be reduced to a very low level, and that a wire drawing process can be conducted at a high yield. When the alloy type thermal fuse is used as an AC-only fuse, the fuse can benefit from the advantages.
  • Fig. 1 is a temperature phase diagram of an In-Sn alloy of a fuse element of an alloy type thermal fuse which is to be used in the invention. In the fuse, the range of 85 to 52% In is used.
  • melting is advanced in the sequence of phase changes of ⁇ solid solution ⁇ coexisting phase of ⁇ solid solution and liquid solution L ⁇ liquid solution L, and the fuse element is divided and spheroidized in the coexisting region.
  • the temperature of the fuse element exceeds the solidus temperature, a synergistic effect with the activating action of molten flux causes the coexisting region to wettingly spread over lead conductors and electrodes of the alloy type thermal fuse, and the fuse element is divided while being spheroidized because of the surface tension. Therefore, the operating temperature of the alloy type thermal fuse is a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures. Since the temperature width is as small as about 3°C, dispersion of the operating temperature can be reduced.
  • Alloy type thermal fuses which are frequently used have an operating temperature of 120 to 150°C.
  • the range of 85 to 52% In in the In-Sn alloy satisfies the operating temperature.
  • a fuse element can be produced by steps of mixing materials, producing a billet, and drawing into a wire. First, Sn and In ingots are weighed so as to attain a predetermined compound ratio, and then charged into a melting furnace. The molten alloy is poured into a mold to produce a billet. The billet is shaped into a stock wire by an extruder, and the stock wire is drawn by a dice to form a wire of a predetermined diameter. The wire is cut into pieces of a predetermined length, thereby obtaining a fuse element.
  • alloy type thermal fuses made of the same alloy are used as both AC and DC fuses with making no distinction therebetween.
  • Examples of the rating of such a fuse are AC 3.5 A ⁇ AC 50 V and DC 3.5 A ⁇ DC 50 V at an operating temperature of 126 ⁇ 2°C, AC 3 A ⁇ AC 50 V and DC 3 A ⁇ DC 50 V at an operating temperature of 130 ⁇ 2°C, and AC 4 A ⁇ AC 50 V and DC 4 A ⁇ DC 50 V at an operating temperature of 145 ⁇ 2°C.
  • an alloy type thermal fuse in which an In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In is used as a fuse element has problems in the use as both AC and DC fuses because of troubles due to long-term DC application such as long-term DC application breakage.
  • the long-term DC application breakage in a fuse element of an In-Sn alloy of 85 to 52% In is a phenomenon inherent in DC application, and does not occur in AC application as described above. Actually, an AC current having an RMS value that is equal to a DC current which caused long-term DC application breakage was applied to a fuse element. Even after elapse of a time period which is largely longer than the time period of the occurrence of the long-term DC application breakage, no fracture was observed.
  • the invention may be implemented in the following form.
  • An alloy type thermal fuse that uses a fuse element of an In-Sn alloy of 52% ⁇ In ⁇ 85% and balance Sn, or that uses a fuse element of an alloy in which 0.01 to 7 weight parts of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Sb are added to 100 weight parts of the alloy composition is inhibited from being used as a DC fuse, and is used as an AC-only fuse.
  • an alloy type thermal fuse that uses a fuse element of an In-Sn alloy of 52% ⁇ In ⁇ 85% and balance Sn, or that uses a fuse element of an alloy in which 0.01 to 7 weight parts of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Sb are added to 100 weight parts of the alloy composition is inhibited from being used as a DC fuse, and is used as an AC-only fuse, and an alloy type thermal fuse using a fuse element having an alloy composition which can satisfactorily eliminate troubles due to long-term DC application such as long-term DC application breakage is used as a DC fuse.
  • Evaluation of the long-term DC application breakage may be conducted by a criterion in which, when a fuse passes a test of an application of DC 5A for 3,000 hours at a temperature which is lower by 35°C than the operating temperature, the fuse is judged acceptable.
  • compositions of 20% ⁇ Bi ⁇ 56.5%, 43% ⁇ Sn ⁇ 70%, and 0.5% ⁇ In ⁇ 10% or a composition in which 0.01 to 7 weight parts of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Ga, Ge, and P are added to 100 weight parts of a composition of 20% ⁇ Bi ⁇ 56.5%, 43% ⁇ Sn ⁇ 70%, and 0.5% ⁇ In ⁇ 10%.
  • the amount of Sn (43% ⁇ Sn ⁇ 70%) and that of Bi (20% ⁇ Bi ⁇ 56.5%) provide ductility which enables the alloy composition to be subjected to a drawing process, and these amounts and the amount of In (0.5% ⁇ In ⁇ 10%) cause the melting point to include the range of 120 to 150°C.
  • the ⁇ phase and an In-Sn intermetallic compound phase which are hard and brittle separate out, and the difference in mechanical characteristics between the phases is increased to impair the workability, so that, as the amount of In is larger, the wire drawing process is more difficult. Therefore, the amount of In is limited to 10% or less.
  • the addition of 0.01 to 7 weight parts of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Ga, Ge, and P is conducted because the specific resistance of the alloy is reduced, and the crystal structure is miniaturized to reduce the heterophase interface in the alloy, thereby dispersing working strain and stress.
  • the addition amount is less than 0.01 weight parts, the effects are hardly attained.
  • the addition amount is larger than 7 weight parts, it is difficult to set the operating temperature of the alloy type thermal fuse to be within the range of 120 to 150°C.
  • the fuse element can be used with remaining to have a circular section shape obtained as a result of a drawing process, or with being further subjected to a compression process to be flattened.
  • the outer diameter of the fuse element is 200 to 1,050 ⁇ m ⁇ .
  • the invention may be implemented in the form of thermal fuses shown in Figs. 2 to 6.
  • the invention may be implemented in the form in which a thermal fuse element is connected in series to a semiconductor device, a capacitor, or a resistor, a flux is applied to the element, the flux-applied fuse element is placed in the vicinity of the semiconductor device, the capacitor, or the resistor, and the fuse element is sealed together with the semiconductor device, the capacitor, or the resistor by means of resin mold, a case, or the like.
  • Fig. 2 shows an alloy type thermal fuse of the cylindrical case type.
  • a low-melting fusible alloy piece 2 is connected between a pair of lead wires 1, 1.
  • a flux 3 is applied to the low-melting fusible alloy piece 2.
  • the flux-applied low-melting fusible alloy piece is passed through an insulating tube 4 which is excellent in heat resistance and thermal conductivity, for example, a ceramic tube. Gaps between the ends of the insulating tube 4 and the lead wires 1 are sealingly closed by a cold-setting sealing agent 5 such as an epoxy resin.
  • Fig. 3 shows a tape-like alloy type thermal fuse.
  • Strip lead conductors 1, 1 having a thickness of 100 to 200 ⁇ m are fixed by an adhesive agent or fusion bonding to a plastic base film 41 having a thickness of 100 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • a fuse element 2 having a diameter of 250 to 500 ⁇ m ⁇ is connected between the strip lead conductors.
  • a flux 3 is applied to the fuse element 2.
  • the flux-applied fuse element is sealed by means of fixation of a plastic cover film 42 having a thickness of 100 to 300 ⁇ m by an adhesive agent or fusion bonding.
  • Fig. 4 shows a fuse of the radial case type.
  • a fuse element 2 is bonded between tip ends of parallel lead conductors 1, 1 by welding.
  • a flux 3 is applied to the fuse element 2.
  • the flux-applied fuse element is enclosed by an insulating case 4 in which one end is opened, for example, a ceramic case.
  • the opening of the insulating case 4 is sealingly closed by a sealing agent 5 such as an epoxy resin.
  • Fig. 5 shows a fuse of the substrate type.
  • a pair of film electrodes 1, 1 are formed on an insulating substrate 4 such as a ceramic substrate by printing of conductive paste (for example, silver paste).
  • Lead conductors 11 are connected respectively to the electrodes 1 by welding or the like.
  • a fuse element 2 is bonded between the electrodes 1, 1 by welding.
  • a flux 3 is applied to the fuse element 2.
  • the flux-applied fuse element is covered by a sealing agent 5 such as an epoxy resin.
  • Fig. 6 shows a fuse of the radial resin dipping type.
  • a fuse element 2 is bonded between tip ends of parallel lead conductors 1, 1 by welding.
  • a flux 3 is applied to the fuse element 2.
  • the flux-applied fuse element is dipped into a resin solution to seal the element by an insulative sealing agent such as an epoxy resin 5.
  • a heating element is additionally disposed on each of the alloy type thermal fuses, and a film resistor is additionally disposed by, for example, applying and baking resistance paste (e.g., paste of metal oxide powder such as ruthenium oxide).
  • resistance paste e.g., paste of metal oxide powder such as ruthenium oxide.
  • a circuit current is flown through a fuse element formed as a series path of a circuit, and the film resistor is not formed as a part of the circuit or the circuit current is not flown through the film resistor.
  • the film resistor is energized to generate heat in response to a signal indicative of the detection, and the fuse element is fused off by the heat generation, thereby interrupting the circuit current.
  • the circuit current is flown through the fuse element in a normal state.
  • the current is a DC current
  • the above-mentioned troubles due to long-term DC application such as long-term DC application breakage become problematic. Therefore, the use of the thermal fuse which has the heating element, and in which the fuse element made of the In-Sn alloy is used is inhibited, and the thermal fuse which has the heating element, and which uses the fuse element made of the Bi-Sn-In alloy is used as the fuse element is used.
  • a flux having a melting point which is lower than that of the fuse element is generally used.
  • the rosin a natural rosin, a modified rosin (for example, a hydrogenated rosin, an inhomogeneous rosin, or a polymerized rosin), or a purified rosin thereof can be used.
  • the activating agent hydrochloride of diethylamine, hydrobromide of diethylamine, an organic acid such as adipic acid can be used.
  • fuses of the cylindrical case type shown in Fig. 2 were used.
  • lead conductors are connected to the ends of a fuse element having a diameter of 600 ⁇ m ⁇ and a length of 3.5 mm, a rosin-based flux to which 1 wt.% of adipic acid is added is applied to the fuse element, the flux-applied fuse element is passed through a ceramic tube having an outer diameter of 2.5 mm ⁇ , a thickness of 0.5 mm, and a length of 9 mm, and gaps between the ends of the ceramic tube and the lead conductors are sealingly closed by a cold-setting epoxy resin.
  • the operating temperature of the alloy type thermal fuse element was measured in the following manner. Fifty specimens were used. The specimens were immersed into an oil bath in which the temperature was raised at a rate of 1°C/min., while supplying a current of 0.1 A to the specimens, and the temperature of the oil when the current supply was interrupted by blowing-out was measured.
  • the long-term DC application aging was evaluated in the following manner. Fifty specimens were used. The specimens were placed in a thermostatic bath in which the temperature is lower than the operating temperature by 35°C. A DC current of 5 A was applied to the specimens. After the application, the presence or absence of breakage of the fuse element, or a failure due to the long-term DC application was checked by an X-ray observation apparatus. The case where breakage does not occur in all of the specimens was judged acceptable.
  • the operating temperature after the long-term DC application aging test was measured in the following manner.
  • the specimens were immersed into an oil bath in which the temperature was raised at a rate of 1°C/min., while supplying a current of 0.1 A to the specimens.
  • the temperature of the oil when the current supply was interrupted by blowing-out was measured.
  • the specimens were drawn into a wire of 300 ⁇ m ⁇ in diameter while the draw-down ratio per dice was 6.5%, and the drawing speed was 45 m/min.
  • Cylindrical thermal fuses in which a fuse element is made of an In-Sn alloy of 74% In and 26% Sn were used as AC fuses, and cylindrical thermal fuses in which a fuse element is made of a Bi-Sn-In alloy of 50% Bi, 45% Sn, and 5% In were used as DC fuses.
  • the operating temperature of the former fuses is 129.2 ⁇ 1°C, and that of the latter fuses is 129.7 ⁇ 1°C. Namely, the operating temperatures are substantially identical with each other.
  • Cylindrical thermal fuses in which a fuse element is made of an In-Sn alloy of 74% In and 26% Sn were used as both AC and DC fuses in the same manner as the conventional art.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
EP05102375A 2004-03-30 2005-03-24 Method of using an alloy type thermal fuse, and alloy type thermal fuse Withdrawn EP1583125A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004097937A JP4387229B2 (ja) 2004-03-30 2004-03-30 合金型温度ヒューズの使用方法及び合金型温度ヒューズ
JP2004097937 2004-03-30

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EP1583125A1 true EP1583125A1 (en) 2005-10-05

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US (1) US20050220661A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1583125A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4387229B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1677596A (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008097943A (ja) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-24 Uchihashi Estec Co Ltd 温度ヒューズ内蔵抵抗器
CN102437319B (zh) * 2011-12-27 2014-07-02 北京科技大学 一种用于锂离子电池的负极材料及制备方法
EP3544041B1 (en) * 2016-11-21 2021-09-15 Sony Group Corporation Connection member, moving body and power supply system
CN107087316A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2017-08-22 宁波柔碳电子科技有限公司 一种具有过热保护装置的石墨烯电热膜和石墨烯电热膜的过热保护方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1383149A2 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-21 Uchihashi Estec Co., Ltd. Alloy type thermal fuse and wire member for a thermal fuse element

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1383149A2 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-21 Uchihashi Estec Co., Ltd. Alloy type thermal fuse and wire member for a thermal fuse element

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JP4387229B2 (ja) 2009-12-16
CN1677596A (zh) 2005-10-05
US20050220661A1 (en) 2005-10-06
JP2005285561A (ja) 2005-10-13

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