EP1579928B1 - Process for removing scale or rust from a deformable metal stock - Google Patents

Process for removing scale or rust from a deformable metal stock Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1579928B1
EP1579928B1 EP05102316A EP05102316A EP1579928B1 EP 1579928 B1 EP1579928 B1 EP 1579928B1 EP 05102316 A EP05102316 A EP 05102316A EP 05102316 A EP05102316 A EP 05102316A EP 1579928 B1 EP1579928 B1 EP 1579928B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
layer
scale
rust
process according
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Not-in-force
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EP05102316A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1579928A1 (en
Inventor
Harri Weihnhold
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Ecoform Umformtechnik GmbH
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Ecoform Umformtechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP1579928A1 publication Critical patent/EP1579928A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C43/00—Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass
    • B21C43/02—Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus
    • B21C43/04—Devices for de-scaling wire or like flexible work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C43/00—Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B21C9/005—Cold application of the lubricant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of metallurgy and relates to a method for removing scale and rust layers of metallic Umformgut.
  • wire rod In the wire drawing process, the previous cleaning process of the semifinished product, usually referred to as wire rod, plays an important role. It is well known that wire rod is covered with oxide, hydroxide, scale or the like. This, especially from the hot forming process originating surface layers must be carefully removed before pulling, because their presence not only cause a much higher wear of the drawing tools and a significant reduction in the possible pulling speed, but also a strong reduction in quality of the wire to be pulled.
  • the group of dry cleaning processes basically involves wet pickling of the wire, but requires a number of additional operations, such as neutralizing, rinsing, drying, etc.
  • Such process steps and associated processes Facilities are very expensive.
  • the media required for this, such as acids and alkalis burden the environment to a not inconsiderable degree.
  • Another method of scale removal by rolling and thus combined chemical treatment utilizes specific geometric relationships between the roll diameter and the thickness of the metal strip, the diameter of at least one of the rolls being greater than 5 times and less than 50 times the thickness of the strip should ( US 2,650,888 ).
  • a rolling process leading buckling and a subsequent breaking of the scale layer are used in order to be able to remove them in the sequence easier with a chemical treatment can.
  • the mechanical cleaning methods can usually be subdivided into three cleaning zones which follow one another in the drawing direction during wire drawing.
  • the wire rod is forcibly guided through a tortuous path of two angularly staggered roller assemblies, whereby the wire is bent both mutually and in two planes rotated by 90 ° and thus more or less flaking off the brittle scale layers from the metal surface ,
  • wire brush systems are arranged around the wire rod and usually brush tangentially the wire surface.
  • the disadvantage here is the very complex mechanics of the brush driving drive system, the high cost of acquisition and maintenance and the lack of reliability of these systems due to the dusty environment and the high performance requirements.
  • Another disadvantage of these arrangements is that in addition technical means for the automatic compensation of the game are to be provided, as a result of the high load of the brush and their constant high wear results.
  • Another disadvantage of these brush systems is that the wire rod surface is mechanically processed by the strong action of the brushes that result in close proximity to the surface due to taking place occasional high warming and subsequent rapid cooling structural changes to martensite. These solidified brittle structural parts are very detrimental to the subsequent drawing process as well as downstream electrolytic surface treatment processes, such as e.g.
  • the wire rod is treated in a third cleaning area to remove the remaining oxide dust residues with compressed air jets.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a reliable, cost-effective, technologically simple and environmentally friendly method for removing scale and To provide rust layers of metallic Umformgut, in which damage to the surface and the structure of the Umformgutes and the forming tools is avoided.
  • the inventive method is based on the technology that the Umformgut afflicted with a scale layer and / or rust layer is coated with a closed layer of a lubricant and the Umformgut so wrapped for the purpose of detachment of the scale layer and / or rust layer of metallic Umformgut a cross-section reducing forming with a Is subjected to a degree of deformation of> 3% and in which the lubricant coating present on the forming material is removed together with the parts of the scale layer and / or rust layer contained therein.
  • the inventive method is characterized in that the Umformgut is drawn for wrapping with the lubricant through a lubricant chamber having an inlet nozzle and a discharge nozzle for the inlet and outlet of the Umformgutes, wherein the outlet nozzle is the forming tool.
  • the lubricant is applied in the lubricant chamber under the condition of a fixed or controllable pressure on the Umformgut.
  • the lubricant of the lubricant chamber is supplied externally under the action of pressure, wherein the lubricant pressure in the lubricant chamber and / or the inlet nozzle are chosen so large that a portion of the lubricant against the transport direction of the Umformgutes is pressed through the annular gap between inlet nozzle and Umformgut.
  • the lubricant pressure is measured in the lubricant chamber and the measured values are used to control and control the pulling rate and / or the process temperature.
  • the lubricant chamber can advantageously be used a liquefied or converted into a paste state solid lubricant.
  • the solid lubricant can be converted under the action of pressure and / or temperature in the liquid or pasty state.
  • the detachment of the scale layer and / or rust layer from the metallic material to be formed is controlled by the choice of the degree of deformation, the geometry of the forming tools, the type and thickness of the lubricant coating and / or the forming speed.
  • one or more forming tools can be used according to the invention.
  • the lubricant coating is removed together with the parts of the scale layer and / or rust layer contained therein by a cleaning process.
  • a liquid can be used for the cleaning process.
  • a heated Umformgut is supplied to the cleaning process.
  • the removal of the lubricant envelope together with the parts of the scale layer and / or rust layer contained therein can also be realized by selecting the cylindrical guide length L of the single or the last forming tool with L ⁇ 0.3 d, where d is the diameter of the outgoing Forming good is.
  • the lubricant casing is automatically blasted from the forming material as a result of the rapid pressure drop due to the short guide length directly at the outlet of the forming tool.
  • a heated or cooled lubricant can be used for the coating of the forming material afflicted with a scale layer and / or rust layer.
  • the method according to the invention is distinguished by several significant advantages over the prior art.
  • the new method is also characterized by a high level of reliability coupled with low wear of the device system.
  • the example concerns the cleaning of a steel wire brand C40 with a nominal diameter of 5.5 mm.
  • the wire has a closed scale layer resulting from hot rolling.
  • the wire rod is drawn at a speed of 1 m / s through a lubricant chamber having an inlet nozzle and an outlet nozzle for the entry and exit of the Umformgutes.
  • the lubricant chamber is filled with a pressurized solid lubricant.
  • the lubricant is supplied to the lubricant chamber by means of an external lubricant supply device under the action of pressure.
  • the pressure in the lubricant chamber is set to a value of 600 bar and kept constant during the passage of the wire rod through the lubricant chamber via a control device.
  • the outlet nozzle of the lubricant chamber is designed as a drawing die, with which the scaled, in the lubricant chamber covered with lubricant wire rod is drawn to a diameter of 4.75 mm.
  • the wire thus treated is subjected to a fine cleaning immediately after exiting the lubricant chamber with rotating plastic brushes and with a compressed air blower. After that there is a wire completely cleaned of scale for further processing in, for example, a drawing process.

Abstract

To remove scale and rust from transformed metal materials, and especially drawn wires, it is covered by an enclosed shrouding of a lubricant and the cross-section is reduced with a degree of reshaping of >=3%. After drawing through a die, the lubricant is removed together with any scale or rust.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Metallurgie und betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Zunder- und Rostschichten von metallischem Umformgut.The invention relates to the field of metallurgy and relates to a method for removing scale and rust layers of metallic Umformgut.

Beim Drahtziehprozess spielt der vorherige Reinigungsvorgang des üblicherweise als Walzdraht bezeichneten Halbzeuges eine bedeutende Rolle. Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass Walzdraht mit Oxid-, Hydroxid-, Zunderschichten oder ähnlichem bedeckt ist. Diese, vor allem vom Warmumformprozess herrührenden Oberflächenschichten müssen vor dem Ziehen sorgfältig entfernt werden, da ihr Vorhandensein nicht nur einen wesentlich höheren Verschleiß der Ziehwerkzeuge und eine bedeutende Reduzierung der möglichen Ziehgeschwindigkeit bewirken, sondern auch eine starke Qualitätsverminderung des zu ziehenden Drahtes nach sich ziehen.In the wire drawing process, the previous cleaning process of the semifinished product, usually referred to as wire rod, plays an important role. It is well known that wire rod is covered with oxide, hydroxide, scale or the like. This, especially from the hot forming process originating surface layers must be carefully removed before pulling, because their presence not only cause a much higher wear of the drawing tools and a significant reduction in the possible pulling speed, but also a strong reduction in quality of the wire to be pulled.

Für die Entfernung derartiger Oberflächenschichten werden eine Vielzahl von Verfahren angewandt, die sich im wesentlichen in zwei Gruppen einteilen lassen, und zwar den chemischen und den mechanischen Reinigungsverfahren.For the removal of such surface layers, a variety of methods are used, which can be divided into essentially two groups, the chemical and the mechanical cleaning method.

Bei der Gruppe der chemischen Reinigungsverfahren wird im Kern ein Nassbeizen des Drahtes durchgeführt, wobei jedoch eine Reihe zusätzlicher Operationen erforderlich ist, wie beispielsweise Neutralisieren, Spülen, Trocknen usw. Derartige Verfahrensschritte und die dazugehörigen Einrichtungen sind sehr kostenaufwändig. Darüber hinaus belasten die dafür erforderlichen Medien, wie Säuren und Laugen, in nicht unbeträchtlichem Maße die Umwelt.The group of dry cleaning processes basically involves wet pickling of the wire, but requires a number of additional operations, such as neutralizing, rinsing, drying, etc. Such process steps and associated processes Facilities are very expensive. In addition, the media required for this, such as acids and alkalis, burden the environment to a not inconsiderable degree.

Ein anderes Verfahren der Zunderentfernung mittels Anwalzen und damit kombinierter chemischer Behandlung nutzt spezifische geometrische Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Walzendurchmesser und der Dicke des Metallbandes, wobei der Durchmesser von mindestens einer der Walzen größer als 5-mal und kleiner als 50-mal als die Dicke des Bandes sein soll ( US 2,650,888 ). Bei dieser Lösung werden unter Einhaltung dieser vorgegebenen Randbedingungen eine dem Walzvorgang vorauseilende Wölbung und ein anschließendes Aufbrechen der Zunderschicht genutzt, um diese in der Folge leichter mit einer chemischen Behandlung entfernen zu können.Another method of scale removal by rolling and thus combined chemical treatment utilizes specific geometric relationships between the roll diameter and the thickness of the metal strip, the diameter of at least one of the rolls being greater than 5 times and less than 50 times the thickness of the strip should ( US 2,650,888 ). In this solution, in compliance with these predetermined boundary conditions, a rolling process leading buckling and a subsequent breaking of the scale layer are used in order to be able to remove them in the sequence easier with a chemical treatment can.

Die mechanischen Reinigungsverfahren lassen sich beim Drahtziehen üblicherweise in drei in Ziehrichtung aufeinander folgende Reinigungsbereiche unterteilen.The mechanical cleaning methods can usually be subdivided into three cleaning zones which follow one another in the drawing direction during wire drawing.

Im ersten Reinigungsbereich wird der Walzdraht durch eine gewundene Strecke von jeweils zwei im Winkel von 90° versetzten Walzenanordnungen zwangsgeführt, wodurch der Draht sowohl wechselseitig als auch in zwei um 90° gedrehten Ebenen gebogen wird und somit die spröden Zunderschichten mehr oder weniger von der Metalloberfläche abplatzen.In the first cleaning area, the wire rod is forcibly guided through a tortuous path of two angularly staggered roller assemblies, whereby the wire is bent both mutually and in two planes rotated by 90 ° and thus more or less flaking off the brittle scale layers from the metal surface ,

Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass die Streckung der Drahtoberfläche infolge der Biegung in zwei um 90° gedrehten Ebenen nicht über den Drahtumfang gleichmäßig erfolgt und somit die Entfernung des Zunders über den Drahtumfang ebenfalls nicht in gleichem Maße vor sich geht. Damit ist in jedem Falle ein zweiter Reinigungsbereich erforderlich, nämlich das Bürsten mit Drahtbürstensystemen.The disadvantage here is that the extension of the wire surface due to the bending in two rotated by 90 ° planes is not uniform over the circumference of the wire and thus the removal of the scale on the wire circumference is also not the same extent going on. Thus, a second cleaning area is required in each case, namely brushing with wire brush systems.

Diese Drahtbürstensysteme sind um den Walzdraht herum angeordnet und bürsten üblicherweise tangential die Drahtoberfläche. Nachteilig hierbei ist die sehr aufwändige Mechanik des die Bürsten antreibenden Antriebssystems, die hohen Anschaffungs- und Unterhaltungskosten sowie die mangelnde Zuverlässigkeit dieser Systeme aufgrund der staubigen Einsatzumgebung und der gleichzeitig hohen Leistungsanforderungen. Ein weitere Nachteil dieser Anordnungen ist, dass außerdem technische Einrichtungen zum automatischen Ausgleich des Spiels vorzusehen sind, da sich infolge der hohen Belastung der Bürsten auch deren ständige hohe Abnutzung ergibt. Ein weiterer Nachteil dieser Bürstensysteme besteht darin, dass die Walzdrahtoberfläche durch die starke Wirkung der Bürsten mechanisch so bearbeitet wird, dass sich in unmittelbarer Oberflächennähe infolge von stattfindenden punktuellen hohen Erwärmungen und darauf folgenden Schnellabkühlungen Gefügeveränderungen bis hin zur Martensitbildung ergeben. Diese verfestigten spröden Gefügeteile wirken sich sehr nachteilig für den nachfolgenden Ziehprozess sowie auf nachgeschaltete elektrolytische Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren, wie z.B. das Verchromen aus. Sie lösen sich einerseits beim weiteren Ziehprozess als spröde kleinere Gefügeteile aus der ansonsten duktilen Matrix des Walzdrahtes und führen zu Kaltverschweißungen und Riefenbildung. Außerdem rufen sie eine Blasenbildung auf der Drahtoberfläche beim elektrolytischen Oberflächenveredeln infolge der höheren Affinität dieser hoch verfestigten Gefügeteile zum sauren Umgebungsmedium hervor.These wire brush systems are arranged around the wire rod and usually brush tangentially the wire surface. The disadvantage here is the very complex mechanics of the brush driving drive system, the high cost of acquisition and maintenance and the lack of reliability of these systems due to the dusty environment and the high performance requirements. Another disadvantage of these arrangements is that in addition technical means for the automatic compensation of the game are to be provided, as a result of the high load of the brush and their constant high wear results. Another disadvantage of these brush systems is that the wire rod surface is mechanically processed by the strong action of the brushes that result in close proximity to the surface due to taking place occasional high warming and subsequent rapid cooling structural changes to martensite. These solidified brittle structural parts are very detrimental to the subsequent drawing process as well as downstream electrolytic surface treatment processes, such as e.g. the chrome plating. On the one hand, during the further drawing process, they detach as brittle, smaller structural parts from the otherwise ductile matrix of the wire rod and lead to cold welding and scoring. In addition, they cause blistering on the wire surface in electrolytic surface finishing due to the higher affinity of these highly solidified structural parts to the acidic surrounding medium.

Diese Gefügeveränderung im Oberflächenbereich und die damit verbundenen negativen Folgeerscheinungen treffen in ähnlicher Weise auch bereits im ersten Reinigungsbereich der mechanischen Reinigungsverfahren, dem Biegen des Walzdrahtes in zwei Ebenen durch Walzenanordnungen, zu. Der Unterschied besteht lediglich darin, dass diese Gefügeveränderungen nicht flächenartig sondern in Form von Längsstreifen vorliegen. Es wird auch versucht, die Nachteile dieser zu starken mechanischen Bearbeitung der Oberfläche damit zu umgehen, dass an Stelle der Bürsten Stahlwolle verwendet wird.This microstructural change in the surface area and the associated negative consequences similarly apply in the first cleaning area of the mechanical cleaning processes, the bending of the wire rod in two planes by roller arrangements. The only difference is that these structural changes are not planar but in the form of longitudinal stripes. It Attempts are also made to circumvent the disadvantages of excessive mechanical machining of the surface by using steel wool instead of the brushes.

Abschließend wird der Walzdraht in einem dritten Reinigungsbereich zur Entfernung der noch anhaftenden Oxidstaubrückstände mit Druckluftstrahlen behandelt.Finally, the wire rod is treated in a third cleaning area to remove the remaining oxide dust residues with compressed air jets.

Es ist auch bereits bekannt, wie bei warmgewalztem Edelstahl-Bandmaterial, durch Anwendung von geringfügigem Anwalzen und Hochdruck-Wasserstrahl-Beaufschlagung ein mechanisches Absprengen der Zunderschicht zu erreichen ( DE 195 40 602 A1 ). In diesem Fall ist keine zusätzliche Anwendung von Schmierstoff beim Anwalzvorgang im Einsatz. Bei dieser Lösung wird explizit hervorgehoben, dass nur in der kombinierten Anwendung von Anwalzen und Hochdruck-Wasserstrahl-Beaufschlagung das mechanische Absprengen des Zunders möglich wird, wobei der Erzeugungsdruck für die Wasserstrahlen über 400, vorzugsweise bei 900 bar, liegen soll.It is also already known, as with hot-rolled stainless steel strip material, to achieve mechanical break-off of the scale layer by application of slight rolling and high-pressure water jet application ( DE 195 40 602 A1 ). In this case, no additional application of lubricant is used in the Anwalzvorgang. In this solution is explicitly emphasized that only in the combined application of rolling and high-pressure water jet impingement, the mechanical blasting of the scale is possible, the production pressure for the water jets over 400, preferably at 900 bar, should be.

In einem weiteren bekannten Verfahren für das Entzundern von warmgewalztem Stahlband wird dieses zunächst mit Flüssigschmierstoff umhüllt. Anschließend wird das so umhüllte Umformgut mit einer Walzwerksanordnung bei Reduktionen zwischen 10 und 60% zum Brechen des Zunders kaltgewalzt. Im Anschluss daran wird mit unter Hochdruck stehenden Wasserstrahlen der durch den Kaltwalzvorgang der von der Stahlbandoberfläche gelöste Zunder entfernt ( JP 57 072720 A ). Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist, dass der auf dem warmgewalztem Stahlband vorhandene Zunder beim Kaltwalzvorgang die Stahlbandoberfläche und die Walzen der Walzwerksanordnung schädigt.In another known method for the descaling of hot-rolled steel strip this is first coated with liquid lubricant. Subsequently, the thus encapsulated Umformgut is cold-rolled with a rolling mill arrangement at reductions of between 10 and 60% for breaking the scale. Thereafter, with high-pressure water jets, the scale dissolved by the cold-rolling process is removed from the steel strip surface ( JP 57 072720 A ). A disadvantage of this method is that the scale present on the hot-rolled steel strip during the cold rolling process damages the steel strip surface and the rolls of the rolling mill arrangement.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein zuverlässiges, kostengünstiges, technologisch einfach und umweltschonend durchführbares Verfahren zum Entfernen von Zunder- und Rostschichten von metallischem Umformgut zu schaffen, bei dem eine Schädigung der Oberfläche und des Gefüges des Umformgutes sowie der Umformwerkzeuge vermieden wird.The invention has for its object to provide a reliable, cost-effective, technologically simple and environmentally friendly method for removing scale and To provide rust layers of metallic Umformgut, in which damage to the surface and the structure of the Umformgutes and the forming tools is avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren basiert auf der Technologie, dass das mit einer Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht behaftete Umformgut mit einer geschlossenen Schicht eines Schmierstoffs umhüllt wird und das so umhüllte Umformgut zum Zwecke des Loslösens der Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht vom metallischen Umformgut einer querschnittsvermindernden Umformung mit einem Umformgrad von > 3 % unterworfen wird und bei der die auf dem Umformgut vorhandene Schmierstoffumhüllung zusammen mit den darin enthaltenen Teilen der Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht entfernt wird.The inventive method is based on the technology that the Umformgut afflicted with a scale layer and / or rust layer is coated with a closed layer of a lubricant and the Umformgut so wrapped for the purpose of detachment of the scale layer and / or rust layer of metallic Umformgut a cross-section reducing forming with a Is subjected to a degree of deformation of> 3% and in which the lubricant coating present on the forming material is removed together with the parts of the scale layer and / or rust layer contained therein.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Umformgut zur Umhüllung mit dem Schmierstoff durch eine Schmierstoffkammer gezogen wird, die eine Einlaufdüse und eine Auslaufdüse für den Ein- und Austritt des Umformgutes aufweist, wobei die Auslaufdüse das Umformwerkzeug ist.The inventive method is characterized in that the Umformgut is drawn for wrapping with the lubricant through a lubricant chamber having an inlet nozzle and a discharge nozzle for the inlet and outlet of the Umformgutes, wherein the outlet nozzle is the forming tool.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung wird der Schmierstoff in der Schmierstoffkammer unter der Bedingung eines fest eingestellten oder regelbaren Druckes auf das Umformgut aufgebracht.According to a further feature of the invention, the lubricant is applied in the lubricant chamber under the condition of a fixed or controllable pressure on the Umformgut.

Dabei wird der Schmierstoff der Schmierstoffkammer extern unter Einwirkung von Druck zugeführt, wobei der Schmierstoffdruck in der Schmierstoffkammer und/oder die Einlaufdüse so groß gewählt werden, dass ein Teil des Schmierstoffs entgegen der Transportrichtung des Umformgutes durch den Ringspalt zwischen Einlaufdüse und Umformgut gedrückt wird.In this case, the lubricant of the lubricant chamber is supplied externally under the action of pressure, wherein the lubricant pressure in the lubricant chamber and / or the inlet nozzle are chosen so large that a portion of the lubricant against the transport direction of the Umformgutes is pressed through the annular gap between inlet nozzle and Umformgut.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Schmiermitteldruck in der Schmierstoffkammer gemessen und die Messwerte werden zur Steuerung und Regelung der Ziehgeschwindigkeit und/oder der Prozesstemperatur herangezogen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lubricant pressure is measured in the lubricant chamber and the measured values are used to control and control the pulling rate and / or the process temperature.

In der Schmierstoffkammer können vorteilhaft ein verflüssigter oder ein in einen pastenförmigen Zustand überführter Festschmierstoff verwendet werden. Dabei kann der Festschmierstoff unter der Einwirkung von Druck und/oder Temperatur in den flüssigen oder pastenförmigen Zustand überführt werden.In the lubricant chamber can advantageously be used a liquefied or converted into a paste state solid lubricant. In this case, the solid lubricant can be converted under the action of pressure and / or temperature in the liquid or pasty state.

Nach weiteren Merkmalen der Erfindung wird das Loslösen der Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht vom metallischen Umformgut durch die Wahl des Umformgrades, die Geometrie der Umformwerkzeuge, die Art und Dicke der Schmierstoffumhüllung und/oder die Umformgeschwindigkeit gesteuert.According to further features of the invention, the detachment of the scale layer and / or rust layer from the metallic material to be formed is controlled by the choice of the degree of deformation, the geometry of the forming tools, the type and thickness of the lubricant coating and / or the forming speed.

Für die Verfahrensstufe des Loslösens der Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht können erfindungsgemäß ein oder mehrere Umformwerkzeuge eingesetzt werden.For the process stage of detachment of the scale layer and / or rust layer, one or more forming tools can be used according to the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Schmierstoffumhüllung zusammen mit den darin enthaltenen Teilen der Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht durch einen Reinigungsprozess entfernt.According to the invention, the lubricant coating is removed together with the parts of the scale layer and / or rust layer contained therein by a cleaning process.

Für den Reinigungsprozess kann eine Flüssigkeit verwendet werden.For the cleaning process, a liquid can be used.

Vorteilhaft wird dem Reinigungsprozess ein erwärmtes Umformgut zugeführt.Advantageously, a heated Umformgut is supplied to the cleaning process.

Erfindungsgemäß kann das Entfernen der Schmierstoffumhüllung zusammen mit den darin enthaltenen Teilen der Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht auch dadurch realisiert werden, dass die zylindrische Führungslänge L des einzigen oder des letzten Umformwerkzeuges mit L < 0,3 d gewählt wird, worin d der Durchmesser des auslaufenden Umformgutes ist. Bei dieser Variante des Reinigungsprozesses wird die Schmierstoffumhüllung infolge des durch die kurze Führungslänge bedingten rapiden Druckabfalls unmittelbar am Ausgang des Umformwerkzeuges selbsttätig vom Umformgut abgesprengt.According to the invention, the removal of the lubricant envelope together with the parts of the scale layer and / or rust layer contained therein can also be realized by selecting the cylindrical guide length L of the single or the last forming tool with L <0.3 d, where d is the diameter of the outgoing Forming good is. In this variant of the cleaning process, the lubricant casing is automatically blasted from the forming material as a result of the rapid pressure drop due to the short guide length directly at the outlet of the forming tool.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist noch vorgesehen, dass für die Umhüllung des mit einer Zunderschicht und/oder Rostschicht behafteten Umformgutes auch ein erwärmter oder gekühlter Schmierstoff verwendet werden kann.According to the invention, it is also envisaged that a heated or cooled lubricant can be used for the coating of the forming material afflicted with a scale layer and / or rust layer.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich gegenüber dem Stand der Technik durch mehrere erhebliche Vorteile aus.The method according to the invention is distinguished by several significant advantages over the prior art.

So erfolgt bei dem Verfahren eine Streckung des Drahtes, die ideal gleichmäßig über dem Drahtumfang stattfindet. Damit ergeben sich im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Reinigungsverfahren absolut gleichmäßige Reinigungsbedingungen über den Drahtumfang.Thus, in the process, an elongation of the wire takes place, which ideally takes place uniformly over the circumference of the wire. This results in contrast to the known cleaning process absolutely uniform cleaning conditions on the wire circumference.

Diese Streckung hat zur Folge, dass sich die Zunder- und/oder Rostschichten vom metallischen Umformgut ablösen und in kleine Schichtteile zerbrechen, welche die Schmierstoffumhüllung aufnimmt.As a result of this stretching, the scale and / or rust layers detach from the metallic forming material and break up into small layer parts which receive the lubricant coating.

Infolge des durch das neue Verfahren bewirkten extrem gleichmäßigen und gründlichen Loslösens der Zunder- und Rostschicht von der Drahtoberfläche kann auf die nachfolgende starke Oberflächenbearbeitung mittels Stahlbürsten verzichtet werden.Due to the extremely uniform and thorough detachment of the scale and rust layer from the wire surface caused by the new process, the subsequent heavy surface treatment by means of steel brushes can be dispensed with.

Dies bringt eine Schonung der metallischen Drahtoberfläche mit sich und ermöglicht damit die Vermeidung lokaler teilweise extremer Verspannungen der Drahtoberfläche und damit die Bildung von Materialfehlern.This brings a protection of the metallic wire surface with it and thus allows the avoidance of local partial extreme tension of the wire surface and thus the formation of material defects.

Diese Materialfehler, die im Oberflächenbereich des Drahtes bei konventionellen Reinigungsverfahren sowohl beim Biegen über Biegewalzen als auch beim nachfolgenden Bürsten auftreten, werden durch das neue Verfahren vollständig vermieden. Dies verhindert unter anderem Störungen des Drahtziehprozesses durch Riefenbildung und Kaltverschweißung infolge des Herauslösens extrem verspannter harter Gefügeteile aus der oberflächennahen duktilen Matrix des Umformgutes. Außerdem können durch die Vermeidung derartiger Materialfehler Erscheinungen von Fleckigkeit oder Blasenbildung bei nachfolgenden Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren, wie z.B. elektrolytischem Vernickeln oder Verchromen, vermieden werden, da diese hochverfestigten Gefügeteile eine höhere Affinität zum sauren Umgebungsmedium besitzen und zu spontaner Wasserstoffbildung auf der Drahtoberfläche führen.These material defects, which occur in the surface area of the wire in conventional cleaning methods, both when bending over bending rolls and during subsequent brushing, are completely avoided by the new method. This prevents inter alia disruptions of the wire drawing process by scoring and cold welding due to the detachment of extremely distorted hard structural parts from the near-surface ductile matrix of the formed material. In addition, by avoiding such material defects, blotch or blistering phenomena may be observed in subsequent surface treatment processes, such as e.g. electrolytic nickel plating or chrome plating, since these high-strength structural parts have a higher affinity for the acidic surrounding medium and lead to spontaneous hydrogen formation on the wire surface.

Durch das neue Reinigungsverfahren kann der erforderliche Platzbedarf in Ziehrichtung auf weniger als die Hälfte reduziert werden. Darüber hinaus werden sowohl der Geräteaufwand als auch die Unterhaltungskosten bedeutend vermindert, da unter anderem aufwändige und kostenintensive Stahldrahtbürstensysteme vollständig weggelassen werden können.Thanks to the new cleaning process, the required space in the direction of pulling can be reduced to less than half. In addition, both the cost of equipment and the maintenance costs are significantly reduced, since, among other complex and costly steel wire brush systems can be completely eliminated.

Das neue Verfahren zeichnet sich außerdem durch eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit bei gleichzeitigem geringen Verschleiß des Gerätesystems aus.The new method is also characterized by a high level of reliability coupled with low wear of the device system.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.

Das Beispiel betrifft die Reinigung eines Walzdrahtes der Stahlmarke C40 mit einem Nenndurchmesser von 5,5 mm. Der Draht weist eine vom Warmwalzen herrührende geschlossene Zunderschicht auf.The example concerns the cleaning of a steel wire brand C40 with a nominal diameter of 5.5 mm. The wire has a closed scale layer resulting from hot rolling.

Zum Entfernen der Zunderschicht wird der Walzdraht mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 1 m/s durch eine Schmierstoffkammer gezogen, die eine Einlaufdüse und eine Auslaufdüse für den Ein- und Austritt des Umformgutes aufweist. Die Schmierstoffkammer ist mit einem unter Druckeinwirkung stehenden Festschmierstoff gefüllt. Der Schmierstoff wird der Schmierstoffkammer mittels einer externen Schmierstoffzuführungseinrichtung unter der Einwirkung von Druck zugeführt. Der Druck in der Schmierstoffkammer wird auf einen Wert von 600 bar eingestellt und während des Durchziehens des Walzdrahtes durch die Schmierstoffkammer über eine Regeleinrichtung konstant gehalten.To remove the scale layer, the wire rod is drawn at a speed of 1 m / s through a lubricant chamber having an inlet nozzle and an outlet nozzle for the entry and exit of the Umformgutes. The lubricant chamber is filled with a pressurized solid lubricant. The lubricant is supplied to the lubricant chamber by means of an external lubricant supply device under the action of pressure. The pressure in the lubricant chamber is set to a value of 600 bar and kept constant during the passage of the wire rod through the lubricant chamber via a control device.

Die Auslaufdüse der Schmierstoffkammer ist als Ziehstein ausgebildet, mit dem der verzunderte, in der Schmierstoffkammer mit Schmierstoff umhüllte Walzdraht auf einen Durchmesser von 4,75 mm gezogen wird. Durch diese Durchmesserverringerung tritt eine ideal gleichmäßige Streckung des Walzdrahtes ein, die zur Folge hat, dass sich die Zunderschicht vom Walzdraht ablöst und in kleine Schichtteile zerbricht, welche von der Schmierstoffumhüllung aufgenommen werden.The outlet nozzle of the lubricant chamber is designed as a drawing die, with which the scaled, in the lubricant chamber covered with lubricant wire rod is drawn to a diameter of 4.75 mm. As a result of this reduction in diameter, an ideally uniform stretching of the wire rod occurs, with the result that the scale layer separates from the wire rod and breaks up into small layer parts which are taken up by the lubricant envelope.

Der so behandelte Draht wird unmittelbar nach dem Austritt aus der Schmierstoffkammer mit rotierenden Plastbürsten sowie mit einem Druckluftgebläse einer Feinreinigung unterworfen. Danach liegt ein völlig von Zunder gereinigter Draht zur Weiterverarbeitung in beispielsweise einem Ziehprozess vor.The wire thus treated is subjected to a fine cleaning immediately after exiting the lubricant chamber with rotating plastic brushes and with a compressed air blower. After that there is a wire completely cleaned of scale for further processing in, for example, a drawing process.

Claims (11)

  1. Process for removing layers of scale and rust from deformable metallic material, wherein the deformable material tainted with a layer of scale and/or a layer of rust is covered with a closed layer of a lubricant, the layer of scale and/or layer of rust is detached from the deformable metallic material by subjecting the deformable material covered in this way to deformation, which reduces its cross section, with a degree of deformation ε of > 3% and, after said deformation, the lubricant covering present on the deformable material is removed together with the parts of the layer of scale and/or layer of rust present therein, characterized in that the deformable material is covered with the lubricant by drawing it through a lubricant chamber which has a run-in nozzle and a run-out nozzle for the entering and exiting of the deformable material, wherein the run-out nozzle is the deformation die, and in that the lubricant is applied to the deformable material in the lubricant chamber on condition that the pressure is firmly set or controllable, and the lubricant is fed to the lubricant chamber externally under the action of pressure, wherein the pressure of the lubricant in the lubricant chamber and/or the run-in nozzle are selected to be so great that some of the lubricant is pressed through the annular gap between the run-in nozzle and the deformable material counter to the direction in which the deformable material is transported.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure of the lubricant in the lubricant chamber is measured and the measured values are used to control and regulate the drawing rate and/or the process temperature.
  3. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a liquefied solid lubricant or solid lubricant which has been converted into a pasty state is used in the lubricant chamber.
  4. Process according to Claim 3, characterized in that the solid lubricant is converted into the liquid or pasty state under the action of pressure and/or temperature.
  5. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the detachment of the layer of scale and/or layer of rust from the deformable metallic material is controlled by the selection of the degree of deformation, the geometry of the deformation dies, the type and thickness of the lubricant covering and/or the deformation rate.
  6. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that one or more deformation dies are used for the process step whereby the layer of scale and/or layer of rust is detached.
  7. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lubricant covering is removed together with the parts of the layer of scale and/or layer of rust present therein by means of a cleaning process.
  8. Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that a liquid is used during the cleaning process.
  9. Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that heated deformable material is fed to the cleaning process.
  10. Process according to Claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the lubricant covering is removed together with the parts of the layer of scale and/or layer of rust present therein by selecting the cylindrical length L along which the single or last deformation die is to be guided to be L < 0.3 d, where d is the diameter of the deformable material running out.
  11. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a heated or cooled lubricant is used.
EP05102316A 2004-03-26 2005-03-23 Process for removing scale or rust from a deformable metal stock Not-in-force EP1579928B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004015975A DE102004015975B3 (en) 2004-03-26 2004-03-26 Removal of scale and rust from transformed metal materials, e.g. drawn wires, involves shrouding in a lubricant coating and reducing material cross-section by drawing through a die to remove lubricant together with any scale or rust
DE102004015975 2004-03-26

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EP1579928A1 EP1579928A1 (en) 2005-09-28
EP1579928B1 true EP1579928B1 (en) 2010-02-24

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EP05102316A Not-in-force EP1579928B1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-23 Process for removing scale or rust from a deformable metal stock

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AT (1) ATE458562T1 (en)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013213251B4 (en) 2013-07-05 2016-09-29 Ecoform Umformtechnik Gmbh Method and device for coating scale-bearing formed material with a lubricant
CN109513767A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-03-26 宁波市铭宏国光化工有限公司 A kind of metal wire rod drawing process and wire-drawing equipment

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1835462A (en) * 1928-09-13 1931-12-08 American Electrical Works Wire drawing apparatus
US2650888A (en) * 1949-08-09 1953-09-01 Freeport Sulphur Co Metal surface treatment
JPS5772720A (en) * 1980-10-24 1982-05-07 Kawasaki Steel Corp Manufacture of cold rolled steel strip
JPS57137023A (en) * 1981-02-18 1982-08-24 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> Descaling method for hot rolled steel plate
FR2702973B1 (en) * 1993-03-23 1995-05-05 Trefileurope France Sa Method and device for descaling a metal wire.
DE19540602A1 (en) * 1995-10-31 1997-05-07 Kloeckner Stahl Gmbh Cold descaling strip materials, e.g., steel
EP0796675B1 (en) * 1995-10-11 2003-01-29 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Method of descaling steel sheet in coil by high draft rolling

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DE102004015975B3 (en) 2005-08-11
ATE458562T1 (en) 2010-03-15
EP1579928A1 (en) 2005-09-28
DE502005009059D1 (en) 2010-04-08

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