Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/46—Details
  • F23D14/48—Nozzles
  • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
  • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hydrogen combustion device for generating oxidative reaction heat of hydrogen-gas by a catalyst. More particularly, the present invention relates to a hydrogen pipe arranged in the hydrogen combustion device to introduce hydrogen from a hydrogen source into the hydrogen combustion device.
• Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-122311 discloses one hydrogen combustion device that allows mixed gas of hydrogen gas and air to be exposed to a catalyst to generate oxidative reaction heat as a heat source.
• a hydrogen pipe is arranged in an airflow supply passage and adapted so as to spout hydrogen gas to produce the mixed gas.
• the hydrogen pipe is arranged so as to cross a section of the airflow supply passage in the substantially-diametrical direction.
• the hydrogen pipe has hydrogen discharge orifices formed in a cross part of the pipe to spout hydrogen gas.
• the hydrogen pipe has the hydrogen discharge orifices whose number and position are adjusted in consideration of speed of the airflow, the flow volume, etc. in order to mix hydrogen gas ejected from the hydrogen discharge orifices with the airflow effectively.
• the structure of the hydrogen pipe including the number and position of the hydrogen discharge orifices is apt to be complicated and therefore, the number and position of the hydrogen discharge orifices have to be determined upon executing simulation and experiment repeatedly, thereby causing the manufacturing cost of the hydrogen pipe to be increased in its ejecting part of hydrogen gas.
• the hydrogen discharge orifices are arranged so as to oppose the airflow in view of effective mixing of hydrogen gas with the airflow, it is necessary to eject hydrogen gas in opposition to the dynamic pressure of the airflow.
• a supply pressure of hydrogen gas has to be increased with the necessity of enhancing the accuracy of a supply route of hydrogen gas in terms of leak-tight capability.
• a hydrogen combustion device comprising: a casing defining a passage for airflow therein; a hydrogen source arranged outside the casing; a hydrogen pipe arranged so as to extend from the hydrogen source into the passage for airflow thereby to supply hydrogen gas from the hydrogen source into the airflow flowing in the casing, the hydrogen pipe having a hydrogen pipe body and a hydrogen ejecting part arranged at the leading end of the hydrogen pipe body and also provided with a plurality of hydrogen ejecting orifices; a mixer arranged close to the hydrogen pipe, for stirring the mixed gas; and a combustion catalyst arranged on the downstream side of the mixer in the flowing direction of the airflow to cause an oxidative reaction of the mixed gas thereby generating heat, wherein the hydrogen ejecting part is positioned at a substantial center in the cross section of the passage defined in the casing and also arranged so as to extend along the flowing direction of the airflow, and the hydrogen ejecting orifice
• the hydrogen ejecting part is arranged, at the substantial center in the cross section of the passage, so as to extend along the flowing direction of the airflow, so as to extend along the flowing direction of the airflow, it is possible to provide the hydrogen ejecting part with the hydrogen ejecting orifices whose axes extends in the radial direction of the hydrogen ejecting part perpendicularly to the airflow. As a result of the formation, it becomes possible to mix the hydrogen gas ejected from the hydrogen ejecting orifices with the airflow effectively.
• the hydrogen ejecting part is arranged so as to face the upstream side of the airflow and is provided with a tapered leading end.
• the airflow can flow around the hydrogen ejecting part along the tapered leading end smoothly, it is possible to suppress an occurrence of eddy currents on the upstream side of the hydrogen ejecting orifices, whereby the hydrogen gas ejected from the orifices can be mixed with the airflow effectively.
• the hydrogen ejecting part is formed to have the same diameter as that of the hydrogen pipe body and the hydrogen ejecting part is welded to the hydrogen pipe body perpendicularly.
• the hydrogen pipe is arranged in a manner that the hydrogen ejecting part takes its position on the upstream side of the mixer in the flowing direction of the airflow, while the hydrogen pipe body takes its position inside the mixer.
• the hydrogen ejecting orifices have different diameters.
• the hydrogen ejecting orifice on the upstream side in the flowing direction of hydrogen gas flowing in a straight part of the hydrogen pipe body is formed to have a small diameter in comparison with the diameter of the hydrogen ejecting orifice on the downstream side in the flowing direction of hydrogen gas flowing in the straight part of the hydrogen pipe body.
• the hydrogen ejecting orifice on the downstream side in the flowing direction of hydrogen gas is subjected to a large inertia force of the flowing hydrogen gas. Nevertheless, since the hydrogen ejecting orifice on the downstream side of the hydrogen-gas flow has a small diameter, the flowing resistance of hydrogen gas passing through this orifice is increased. While, the hydrogen ejecting orifice on the upstream side in the flowing direction of hydrogen gas is subjected to a small inertia force of the flowing hydrogen gas. Nevertheless, since the hydrogen ejecting orifice on the upstream side of the hydrogen-gas flow has a large diameter, the flowing resistance of hydrogen gas passing through this orifice is reduced. In this way, owing to this offset effect between the inertia force of the hydrogen-gas flow and the flowing resistance, it is possible to eject the hydrogen gas through both of the hydrogen ejecting orifices having large and small diameters uniformly.
• FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part of a hydrogen combustion device, which extends from a hydrogen pipe to an electric heating catalyst, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention
• Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a mixer and the electric heating catalyst, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention
• Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the electric heating catalyst in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a hydrogen supply part of the hydrogen pipe in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along a line V-V of Fig. 4;
• Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing the hydrogen supply part of the hydrogen pipe in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the hydrogen supply part of the hydrogen pipe in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the essential part of the hydrogen combustion device, which extends from the hydrogen pipe to the electric heating catalyst, in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention
• Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the essential part of the hydrogen combustion device, which extends from the hydrogen pipe to the electric heating catalyst, in accordance with the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
• Figs. 1 to 5 show a hydrogen pipe of a hydrogen combustion device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the essential part extending from the hydrogen pipe to an electric heating catalyst
• Fig. 2 a perspective view of a mixer and the electric heating catalyst
• Fig. 3 a perspective view of the electric heating catalyst
• Fig. 4 a sectional view of a hydrogen supply part of the hydrogen pipe
• Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along a line V-V of Fig. 4.
• the hydrogen combustion device is a unit that generates combustion heat by using hydrogen gas as a fuel.
• the hydrogen combustion device comprises a mixer 10 for mixing hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen source (compressed hydrogen tank) with air from an air blower (not shown) to produce uniform mixed gas and an electric heating catalyst 20 for heating and burning the uniform mixed gas to generate combustion gas, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
• the combustion gas produced by the electric heating catalyst 20 is fed to a not-shown combustion catalyst arranged on the downstream side of the catalyst 20 in order to heat it up to a temperature enough for the catalytic reaction.
• a heat-exchanging medium e.g. pure water
• the mixer 10 comprises a plurality of successive mixing plates disposed in a cylindrical casing 30 as an airflow passage into which the mixed gas of hydrogen gas and air is introduced.
• the mixing plates are composed of a first mixing plate 11, a second mixing plate 12 and a third mixing plate 13 arranged in order from the upstream side of the airflow.
• These mixing plates 11, 12, 13 are arranged in a manner that ⁇ eir surfaces are perpendicular to the center axis of the casing 30 respectively.
• the mixing plates 11, 12, 13 are attached to the casing 30 at appropriate intervals in a flowing direction of the mixed gas.
• the first mixing plate 11 on the uppermost-stream side in the flowing direction of the mixed gas is doughnut-shaped with a central opening 11a of a large diameter Dl.
• the intermediate second mixing plate 12 has four openings 12a of a middle diameter D2 each in the circumferential direction of the plate 12.
• the third mixing plate 13 on the downstream side i.e. the right side in the figure
• the casing 30 has an inner diameter of 57.5 mm and the plates 11 to 13 have the diameter Dl of 35 mm, the diameter D2 of 19 mm and the diameter D3 of 9 mm.
• the mixed gas entering from the left side in the figure is divided at the openings 12a of the second mixing plate 12 and subsequently divided into smaller flows at the openings 13a of the third mixing plate 13.
• the mixed gas is stirred to mix hydrogen gas with oxygen gas evenly and further supplied to the electric heating catalyst 20.
• the electric heating catalyst 20 is provided by winding a flat plate 21 laid on a corrugated plate 22, both supporting a catalyst composed of platinum (Pt) of 1 wt % and the remaining alumina (A1 2 0 3 ), and further fitting the resultant assembly into the casing 30 under pressure.
• the so-formed electric heating catalyst 20 has a number of cells 33 allowing passage of the mixed gas between the flat plate 21 and the corrugated plate 22.
• an electrode 24 is attached to the center of the electric heating catalyst 20, while another electrode 25 is attached to the circumferential part of the catalyst 20.
• the electric heating catalyst 20 is heated by impressing a current between the electrode 24 and the electrode 25.
• a hydrogen pipe 39 is arranged so as to extend from the above hydrogen source (not shown) into the casing 30.
• the hydrogen pipe 39 is formed by a pipe body 40 connected with the hydrogen source to enter the interior of the casing 30 and a cylindrical cap (hydrogen ejecting part) 41 fitted to a leading end 40a of the pipe body 40.
• the pipe body (part) 40 is arranged on the upstream side of the mixer 10 in the flowing direction of the airflow in order to produce the mixed gas.
• the pipe body (part) 40 is apart from the mixer 10 at an interval S. Noted that the interval S represents a distance between the sectional center of the pipe body 40 extending across the flowing direction of the airflow and a front surface of the fist mixing plate 11 of the mixer 10. Repeatedly, as shown in Fig. 4, the leading end 40a of the hydrogen pipe
• the hydrogen ejecting part 41 is tightly fixed to the hydrogen ejecting part 41 in the form of a cylindrical cap.
• the leading end of the hydrogen ejecting part 41 is closed by a blockage plate 41a.
• the hydrogen ejecting part 41 is provided with a plurality of hydrogen ejecting orifices 42.
• the pipe body 40 is formed, for the most part, so as to extend from the underside of the casing 30 inward in the radial direction of the casing 30. Further, the pipe body (portion) 40 in the vicinity of the leading end 40a is bent to be substantially perpendicular to the remained portion of the body 40 while being curved toward the upstream side of the airflow. Owing to the formation, the hydrogen ejecting part 41 of the pipe body 40 is positioned at a substantial center of the cross section of the casing 30 while extending along the flowing direction of the airflow (the left-and-right direction in the figure).
• each hydrogen ejecting orifice 42 is formed in the hydrogen ejecting part 41 at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the part 41.
• these hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 are arranged so that their axes (see arrows of Fig. 5) extend in the radial direction of the hydrogen ejecting part 41, substantially perpendicularly to the flowing direction of the airflow.
• two upper orifices 42a are formed to be small holes, while two lower orifices 42b are formed to be large holes.
• Hydrogen gas which has been supplied from the hydrogen source (not shown) to the hydrogen ejecting part 41 via the hydrogen pipe body 40, is ejected from the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 into the airflow in the casing 30, thereby producing a mixed gas. Then, the mixed gas is uniformly stirred and subsequently supplied into the electric heating catalyst 20.
• the hydrogen combustion device of the first embodiment owing to the above-mentioned arrangements of the hydrogen ejecting part 41 and the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42, it is possible to spout hydrogen gas from the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 into the airflow, in a radial pattern, whereby the hydrogen gas can be mixed with air effectively. Further, owing to the simple arrangement of the plural hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 at substantial-regular interval in the circumferential direction of the hydrogen ejecting part 41, the structure of the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 can be simplified to reduce the manufacturing cost of the hydrogen ejecting part 41.
• the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42a positioned on the upper side of the hydrogen ejecting part 41 in Fig. 4 are formed smaller than the remaining hydrogen ejecting orifices 42b on the lower side of the hydrogen ejecting part 41 in Fig. 4 (i.e. upstream side in the flowing direction of hydrogen gas shown with outline arrows of Fig. 5).
• the pipe body 40 has a curved portion.
• the diameter of the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42a on an outer circumferential side of the curved portion is smaller than that of the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42b on aii inner circumferential side of the curved portion. Also noted that the hydrogen gas entering the hydrogen ejecting part 41 via the hydrogen pipe 40 applies a high pressure on the upper hydrogen ejecting orifices 42a due to inertia force of gas-flow in comparison with the lower hydrogen ejecting orifices 42b.
• the lower hydrogen ejecting orifices 42b are larger than those of the upper hydrogen ejecting orifices 42a, the lower hydrogen ejecting orifices 42b are easy to spout out hydrogen gas, so that the hydrogen gas can be ejected from the whole hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 uniformly.
• the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42a on the downstream side in the flowing direction of hydrogen gas are subjected to a large inertia force of the flowing hydrogen gas. Nevertheless, since the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42a on the downstream side of the hydrogen-gas flow have small diameters, the flowing resistance of hydrogen gas passing through these orifices 42a is increased. While, the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42b on the upstream side in the flowing direction of hydrogen gas are subjected to a small inertia force of the flowing hydrogen gas. Nevertheless, since the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42b on the upstream side of the hydrogen-gas flow have large diameters, the flowing resistance of hydrogen gas passing through these orifices 42b is reduced.
• Fig. 6 shows the second embodiment of the present invention.
• elements similar to those of the first embodiment are indicated with the same reference numerals respectively and their overlapping descriptions are eliminated.
• Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing the hydrogen ejecting part 41 and the hydrogen pipe body 40 forming the hydrogen pipe 39.
• the hydrogen pipe body 40 is arranged so as to face the upstream side of the airflow and also provided with a tapered leading end 43.
• the airflow can flow around the hydrogen ejecting part 41 along the tapered leading end 43 smoothly, it is possible to suppress an occurrence of eddy currents on the upstream side of the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42, whereby the hydrogen gas ejected from the orifices 42 can be mixed with the airflow effectively.
• the hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 have different diameters, as similar to the first embodiment.
• Fig. 7 shows the third embodiment of the present invention.
• elements similar to those of the first embodiment are indicated with the same reference numerals respectively and their overlapping descriptions are eliminated.
• Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the hydrogen ejecting part 41 and the hydrogen pipe body 40 forming the hydrogen pipe 39.
• the hydrogen ejecting part 41 is formed to have the same diameter as that of the hydrogen pipe body 40. Further, the so-formed hydrogen ejecting part 41 is welded to the hydrogen pipe body 40 perpendicularly.
• four hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 are formed in the hydrogen ejecting part 41 at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the part 41. As a matter of course, these hydrogen ejecting orifices 42 are arranged so that their axes extend in the radial direction of the hydrogen ejecting part, substantially perpendicularly to the flowing direction of the airflow.
• Fig. 8 shows the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
• elements similar to those of the first embodiment are indicated with the same reference numerals respectively and their overlapping descriptions are eliminated.
• Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the essential part of the hydrogen combustion device, which extends from the hydrogen pipe to the electric heating catalyst.
• the hydrogen pipe body (portion) 40 is disposed inside the mixer 10 while the hydrogen ejecting part 41 is arranged on the upstream side of the mixer 10 in the flowing direction of he airflow.
• the hydrogen pipe body 40 is partially arranged so as to extend between the first mixing plate 11 and the second mixing plate 12.
• the front part of the pipe body 40 is curved so that its leading end passes through the first opening 1 la of the first plate 11 and faces the upstream side of the airflow.
• the embodiment owing to the arrangement of the hydrogen pipe 40 inside the mixer 10, it is possible to eliminate the interval S (see Fig. 1) to be ensured between the pipe body 40 and the mixer 10 in the first embodiment, whereby the whole length of the hydrogen combustion device can be shortened to miniaturize the whole apparatus including the hydrogen combustion device.
• Fig. 9 shows the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
• elements similar to those of the first embodiment are indicated with the same reference numerals respectively and their overlapping descriptions are eliminated.
• Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the essential part of the hydrogen combustion device, which extends from the hydrogen pipe to the electric heating catalyst.
• the hydrogen ejecting part 41 at the leading end 40a of the hydrogen pipe body 40 is arranged so as to face the downstream side of the airflow.
• the hydrogen ejecting part 41 is positioned at the substantial center of the casing 30 and further arranged so as to extend along the flowing direction of the airflow. Accordingly, the effect and operation of this embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment.
• the hydrogen ejecting part is arranged, at the substantial center in the cross section of the passage, so as to extend along the flowing direction of the airflow, it is possible to provide the hydrogen ejecting part with the hydrogen ejecting orifices whose axes extends in the radial direction of the hydrogen ejecting part perpendicularly to the airflow. As a result of the formation, it becomes possible to mix the hydrogen gas ejected from the hydrogen ejecting orifices with the airflow effectively.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Gas Burners (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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• 2002
  • 2002-12-25 JP JP2002374370A patent/JP3920766B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
  • 2003-11-21 CN CNB2003801074337A patent/CN100402924C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-11-21 EP EP03774130A patent/EP1579151A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-11-21 KR KR1020057011931A patent/KR20050087854A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2003-11-21 WO PCT/JP2003/014889 patent/WO2004059210A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2003-11-21 US US10/540,508 patent/US20060127832A1/en not_active Abandoned

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