EP1579074A1 - Low-grip track for vehicles - Google Patents
Low-grip track for vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1579074A1 EP1579074A1 EP02782605A EP02782605A EP1579074A1 EP 1579074 A1 EP1579074 A1 EP 1579074A1 EP 02782605 A EP02782605 A EP 02782605A EP 02782605 A EP02782605 A EP 02782605A EP 1579074 A1 EP1579074 A1 EP 1579074A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- track
- wearing course
- asphalt
- coating
- aggregates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
- E01C7/353—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them with exclusively bituminous binders; Aggregate, fillers or other additives for application on or in the surface of toppings with exclusively bituminous binders, e.g. for roughening or clearing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/182—Aggregate or filler materials, except those according to E01C7/26
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a track for driving land motor vehicles in poor grip conditions, with a road surface comprising a coating of bituminous concrete.
- the present invention also relates to a mix intended for the production of such a track.
- the vehicles concerned by the present invention are both four-wheeled passenger cars and competition vehicles, the latter including road vehicles modified according to various sporting categories as well as specific vehicles such as single-seaters, including karts.
- the invention also relates to two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles and motorcycles, road or competition.
- a bituminous concrete covering comprises one or more support layer (s), located above the foundation layer of another suitable support.
- the support layer (s) provide the bearing capacity of the coating.
- a wearing course which is there. top layer of the coating. It ensures road safety and traffic comfort. Both the support layers and the wearing course are produced using mixes composed of mineral aggregates and bituminous binders and any additives.
- Asphalt specifications include
- the type of asphalt mix the proportions of sand, gravel and / or crushed and / or rolled stones the type of binder the dosage of the binder the nature and quantity of any additives the empty contents the indicative values of stability and creep.
- bituminous concrete coverings obeys the standard SN640 431b
- the requirements for mineral aggregates generally obey the standard SN670 130 and several more specific standards, concerning for example fillers or measurement methods.
- Bitumens can comply with standard SN671 110.
- the contents of residual voids and filled voids, stability, rigidity and creep, commonly called Marshall characteristics, are measured on the basis of standards SN671 969c and SN671 967a.
- An extremely important characteristic of a wearing course on a public roadway is its non-slip quality.
- the slipperiness of the surface of a pavement is variable over time, depending on wear and the surrounding conditions. It is usefully measured and quantified in particular by means of a standard oscillating pendulum known as a "skid resistance tester", and expressed in so-called SRT units.
- the measurement method is the subject of standards SN640 510b and SN640 511b in Switzerland.
- Some driving education organizations organize specific courses in winter conditions. These courses being dependent on weather conditions, can usually only be given a few days a year, when the road surface is covered with snow or ice.
- IRSI Ice Race Series International
- Some sports organizations such as IRSI (Ice Race Series International) organize races on snowy and / or icy tracks. These races meet a growing interest with the public, because of their spectacular character, but can not be organized, because of the meteorological vagaries, that in mountain area and during the period of winter when the snow cover and / or the low temperatures necessary for the maintenance of a snow and ice track are ensured.
- the use of resins or paints cannot in practice be envisaged to cover a motor racing circuit to simulate a race on ice because of the extremely high powers developed by the racing vehicles, which would cause the almost immediate tearing of the film. paint or resin.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a track for driving motor vehicles reproducing conditions of low grip, and this with a long and varied layout of the road course.
- a second object of the present invention is to produce such a track with an installation cost which does not substantially exceed that of a road section having the same arrangement.
- a third object of the invention is to produce such a track, the maintenance cost of which is low, in particular which does not require frequent replacement of a surface coating.
- a fourth object of the invention is to produce a track whose structure withstands without prohibitive deformations violent mechanical stresses such as those caused by very powerful competition vehicles.
- bituminous coating comprises a wearing course consisting of a non-draining asphalt whose slipperiness, measured with the "skid resistance tester" is between 55 and 68 SRT units.
- the SRT value of a wearing course can be lowered in particular by operating the pause at high ambient temperature, by increasing the proportion of the binder, by increasing the proportion of the filler and / or by reducing the thickness of the layer. It has appeared to the inventors that a range of 60-67 SRT units is optimal for application to a competition circuit.
- the surface of the track according to the invention has in the dry state the same grip conditions as an ordinary wet road.
- a non-draining mix in particular a mix with a residual void content of 4 ⁇ 2%, a filled void content of 85 ⁇ 6%, gives it the properties of an ordinary road having undergone a very high rain, and this after having simply suffered a light rain or having been subjected to a light watering.
- the track according to the invention is heavily wetted by heavy rain or by a sprinkler system, its grip characteristics are very close to those of an icy road surface.
- the track according to the invention therefore makes it possible to teach throughout the year the extremely specific driving technique adapted to this kind of conditions, which naturally occur only a few days a year.
- the track according to the invention has numerous advantages compared to the tracks for learning to drive under poor grip conditions known in the prior art, that is to say the tracks covered with a layer of resin or paint.
- the realization of the track exclusively implements the technology of road construction, as well in terms of equipment, ie coating plant, transport vehicles, laying machines and rollers for compacting the support and rolling layers.
- the track according to the invention can have the configuration of an ordinary section of road several kilometers in length with all the topographical variants that can be encountered on a road, such as hairpin turns, large curves, raised, on slopes, sections of more or less steep slopes, etc.
- the track according to the invention can be produced in the form of a closed circuit, along a line identical or similar to a circuit for motor racing, with the usual safety equipment of this type of installation such as clearance zones. , sandboxes, slides, tire stacks, camera track monitoring systems and security lights.
- the non-draining mix of the wearing course has a Marshall stability greater than lOkN and a Marshall creep less than 3.5 mm, measured according to standards SN 671 967a and SN 671 969b.
- the wearing course then has sufficient stability and resistance to deformation so that the track can accommodate endurance racing vehicles or even single-seaters without presenting deterioration phenomena such as rutting, uprooting, etc., greater than that of a classic racing track.
- Such a track therefore allows the organization of competitions during which the vehicles necessarily perform spectacular skids prized by the public and this already at speeds clearly lower than those reached on a track of conventional structure having the same configuration.
- the wearing course can be produced using a non-draining asphalt, the mineral aggregates of which consist of more than 90% of materials of granular class 0/4 and in which the content of binder / coated is 8.5 ⁇ 1% by mass.
- the mineral aggregates used comprise a high proportion of rolled sands, for example from 30 to 50%, and have a pass greater than 95% in the 2.8 mm analysis sieve.
- the mineral aggregates can be chosen so as to present particle size values comprised within the following limits:
- the bituminous binder can be chosen from the binders known in the state of the art for producing layers of rolling. It can in particular be chosen from bitumens satisfying standard SN 671 110. It can also be chosen from bitumens modified with polymers satisfying standard SN 671 400. In the case of a track intended to host automobile competitions, a bituminous binder of the type used to make road wearing courses of the AB-S or AB-H type is preferably chosen. To make tracks in dry and hot climatic zones, bitumen type B55 / 70 or B50 / 70S is preferably used.
- FIG. 1 represents the particle size curve of a first embodiment example
- FIG. 2 represents the particle size curve of a second embodiment example
- FIG. 3 represents the particle size curve of a third embodiment example
- the mineral aggregates used included 97.3% sand passing through the 2.8 mm analysis sieve. The percentage of crushed sand in the sand fraction was 60%. The mineral aggregates also included 2.7% gravel of classes 4/11. Table 1 gives the particle size according to SN 670 810c.
- this granulometric curve is essentially outside the standard, in particular for the sieve of 0.5 where the pass is greater than 44% for the sieve of 1 where the pass is greater than 65% for the sieve of 2 where the pass is greater than 85%
- the binder used was a bitumen B50 / 70S from PETROPLUS (Cressier refinery). It is a doped bitumen containing an additive preventing the coating on slightly wet grains.
- Processing equipment includes.
- Tracked finisher with hydraulic vibrating table extendable to 5 meters, ABG brand and TITAN type.
- the table is heated with gas to a temperature of
- the asphalt mixing temperature was 168 °.
- the asphalt has the following general characteristics:
- Residual void content (% vol.): 4.9
- the wearing course would have the ability to '' a road layer of type AB-N or AB-S, whereas on the contrary, as regards the non-slip qualities, the wearing course would be perfectly unfit for normal road use - since the SRT values show that the dry track according to the invention has SRT values similar to those of a normal wet road surface and that the wet track according to the invention grip values close to that of a road covered with ice.
- the mineral aggregates used included 97.9% sand passing through the 2.8 mm analysis sieve. The percentage of crushed sand in the sand fraction was 60%. The mineral aggregates also included 2.7% gravel of classes 4/11. Table 2 gives the particle size according to SN 670 810c.
- the binder used was the bitumen B50 / 70S of Example 1.
- the asphalt mixing temperature was 170 degrees.
- the processing equipment is the same as that of Example 1.
- the asphalt has the following general characteristics:
- Residual void content (% vol.): 6.0 Filled void content (% vol.): 77.3 Bulk density (t / m 3 ) 2.256 Stability (kN): 10.8 Creep (mm): 2.7 Rigidity (kN / mm): 4.1
- the mineral aggregates used comprised 99.4% of sand passing through the 2.8 mm analysis sieve and practically did not include gravel with a particle size greater than 4.
- the percentage of crushed sand in the sand fraction was 60%.
- the binder used was also the bitumen B50 / 70S of Example 1.
- the amount of binder used was 9.16% relative to the mass of aggregates.
- the asphalt mixing temperature was 171 ° C; the equipment and the conditions of implementation were, moreover, identical to those of Examples 1 and 2
- the asphalt has the following general characteristics:
- This coating has the following slip values: SRT measurement according to standard SN 640 510b: 66 SRT units measurement in the "dry resistance test" of the dry coating: 75 SRT units
- Example 4 Driving tests with a kart
- the asphalt used for producing the wearing course is that of Example 3.
- the test track carried out is a rectangular segment 35m long by 12m wide.
- the wearing course of 20mm thick on average is put in place by means of a tack coat of bitumen lacquer on a pre-existing HMT 25 support layer.
- An equivalent surface consisting of the support layer, located next to the test track serves as a comparison track.
- a 3 rd surface, located upstream of the two previous ones, serves as a momentum zone to launch the test vehicle.
- the tests were carried out by a professional racing driver with a 100 cm 3 single speed competition kart.
- Both the test track and the comparison track are slightly wetted by a little rain.
- the pilot launches the kart, first at low speed, of the order of 40km / h, then at higher speed, of the order of 60km / h, on the momentum zone successively opposite the runway.
- test and the comparison track and, after having covered a distance of approximately two meters on these tracks, materialized by studs on each of the two tracks, brakes to the maximum until the stop.
- the pilot uses the same momentum in front of the test track and in front of the comparison track. The pilot passes without problem between the five studs, without overturning them, on the comparison track.
- the pilot seeks to describe a circular trajectory around a fixed stud, the kart being in skid, the front of the kart being turned towards the center of the circle, by, a radius of approximately 4 m: on the track test the kart is clearly in permanent oversteer on the comparison track, the kart is clearly in permanent understeer
- the track is completely wet.
- Two pilots successively carry out the movements and maneuvers of their choice over the entire surface of the test track and the comparison track.
- the two drivers believe that they experience the usual sensations of driving on wet surfaces on the comparison track. However, they feel they have very similar to those experienced when driving on ice on the wet test track.
- Example 5 Braking tests with a passenger vehicle
- the vehicle used is a Porsche 911 Carrera equipped with summer tires in perfect condition.
- the vehicle is fitted with all the electronic driving assistance devices fitted in series by the manufacturer.
- the pilot successively brings the vehicle to 50 km / h then to 60 km / h in the momentum area and brakes as much as possible from a mark placed respectively on the test track and on the comparison track, up to l 'stop.
- the braking distance of the Porsche is approximately lm to 50Km / hr and about 2m to 60Km / hr on the test track.
- the three asphalts tested have slip values such that a wearing course produced by means of these offers a much weaker grip than that of a road wearing course.
- the Marshall characteristics of creep and stability of coated materials 1 and 2 show that wearing courses produced by means of these can withstand without rutting or significant deterioration the maximum stresses exerted by road vehicles, or even by racing cars weighing several hundred kilos and several hundred horsepower.
- Asphalt 3 has an even higher slip rate. Its stability is slightly lower than that of the previous two, making it more suitable for making go-kart tracks or tracks intended for driving instruction. Regarding the latter application, it should particular to observe that the cost of a coating comprising a traditional HMT layer and a wearing course according to the invention can be estimated at 18 Swiss francs / square meter respectively for the support layer and 17 Swiss francs / square meter for the wearing course, for a total of approximately 35 francs / square meter of covering.
- a slippery driving track produced by means of a concrete support layer with a synthetic resin coating amounts to approximately 80 Swiss francs / square meter for the concrete support and approximately 30 francs / meter square for resin coating, for a total of 110 Swiss francs per square meter.
- the coating according to the invention requires practically no maintenance for several years, while in the case of the track coated with a synthetic resin coating, the latter must be changed at least once a year and even more if the use of the installation is permanent.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2002/000694 WO2004055271A1 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2002-12-13 | Low-grip track for vehicles |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1579074A1 true EP1579074A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
EP1579074B1 EP1579074B1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
Family
ID=32514196
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02782605.6A Revoked EP1579074B1 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2002-12-13 | Low-grip track for vehicles |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1579074B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002347184A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004055271A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1838924A1 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2007-10-03 | Jean-Claude Zucker | Low-grip track for driving vehicles |
CN107344825B (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2019-09-17 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | A kind of flexibility energy-absorption type deceleration strip and construction technology |
FR3116027B1 (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2023-11-24 | Alstom Transp Tech | Support for electrical power supply device via the ground and roadway comprising such a device |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO145385C (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1982-03-10 | Bunzl & Biach Ag | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BITUMINOEST BINDING MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. |
DE3314505A1 (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-10-25 | Rütgerswerke AG, 6000 Frankfurt | Weather-independent permanent skid surface for sports activities or test purposes and the production thereof |
FR2674548B1 (en) | 1991-03-29 | 1993-07-02 | Beugnet Sa | DRAINING COATING FOR ROAD LAYER LAYERS. |
US5352062A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1994-10-04 | Nippon Hodo Company, Limited | Skid road surface and method for constructing same |
DE29615276U1 (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1996-10-24 | Höhler GmbH & Co. KG, 44147 Dortmund | Asphalt mix and rolled asphalt to be made using the mix |
IT1295511B1 (en) | 1997-10-13 | 1999-05-12 | Italgrip Srl | ROAD SURFACE METHOD, COMPOSITION, MATERIALS USED AND MACHINE FOR THE RESPECTIVE APPLICATION |
DE10116625B4 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2006-02-16 | Mks Funke Gmbh | Method for the specific modification of the surface roughness of road surfaces and subsequently produced road surface |
-
2002
- 2002-12-13 WO PCT/CH2002/000694 patent/WO2004055271A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-13 AU AU2002347184A patent/AU2002347184A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-13 EP EP02782605.6A patent/EP1579074B1/en not_active Revoked
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2004055271A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002347184A1 (en) | 2004-07-09 |
EP1579074B1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
WO2004055271A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
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