EP1577502A1 - Spraybar configuration to control the tip clearance in a gas turbine - Google Patents

Spraybar configuration to control the tip clearance in a gas turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1577502A1
EP1577502A1 EP04293170A EP04293170A EP1577502A1 EP 1577502 A1 EP1577502 A1 EP 1577502A1 EP 04293170 A EP04293170 A EP 04293170A EP 04293170 A EP04293170 A EP 04293170A EP 1577502 A1 EP1577502 A1 EP 1577502A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
diaphragm
flow
air duct
ramps
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Granted
Application number
EP04293170A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1577502B1 (en
Inventor
Denis Amiot
Anne-Marie Arraitz
Thierry Fachat
Alain Gendraud
Delphine Roussin
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP1577502A1 publication Critical patent/EP1577502A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
    • F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
    • F01D11/24—Actively adjusting tip-clearance by selectively cooling-heating stator or rotor components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of piloting play at the top of moving blades of a gas turbine. She aims more particularly a device for driving a high-pressure turbine turbomachine equipped with balancing means of air flow.
  • a gas turbine such as a high-pressure turbine turbomachine, comprises a plurality of blades arranged in the passage of hot gases from a combustion chamber.
  • the blades the turbine are surrounded, all around the circumference of the turbine, by an annular stator. This stator defines one of the walls of the vein of flow of hot gases through the turbine.
  • Such means are generally in the form of annular conduits which surround the stator and which are traveled by air taken from other parts of the turbomachine. Depending on the operating speed of the turbine, the air is injected onto the outer surface of the stator to change the temperature and causes thermal dilations or contractions of the casing which are able to vary its diameter.
  • the present invention therefore aims to overcome such drawbacks by proposing a game steering device at the top of the blades of a gas turbine for balancing the air flows in the device of control in order to limit the thermal heterogeneities of the stator of the turbine.
  • the subject of the invention is a control device for blade clearance of a gas turbine rotor, having at least one annular ramp of air circulation mounted circumferentially on an annular casing of a stator of the turbine and intended to discharge air to the casing in order to modify the temperature, an air collection tube arranged at least partly around the at least one air circulation ramp, at least one supply tube air to supply air to the air collection pipe, and at least one pipe air opening in the air collection tube and opening into the air circulation ramps, characterized in that the air duct is provided with means for balancing the air flow therethrough.
  • the means for balancing the air flow crossing the air duct consist of a diaphragm arranged by example at the entrance of the air duct.
  • Balancing the air flow through the air duct allows thus to limit thermal heterogeneities at the crankcase of the turbine. Indeed, it is possible to determine the losses of level of the supply of the air circulation ramp or ramps) for to balance the air flows, and thus the characteristics of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is advantageously disposed at a inlet of the air duct so as to create pressure losses additional. It can be in the form of a ring of internal diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the air duct.
  • each air duct is advantageously provided with a balancing diaphragm of the flow of air passing through it.
  • characteristics of each diaphragm preferably are individualized depending on the air duct in which the diaphragm is placed.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a control device 10 according to the invention.
  • a control device 10 can be applied to any turbine to gas whose game control at the top of the blades is necessary.
  • This device is particularly applicable to a high-pressure turbine turbomachine.
  • control device 10 is mounted on a annular housing 12 forming part of the stator of the turbine.
  • This housing 12 longitudinal axis X-X surrounds a plurality of moving blades (no shown) forming the rotor of the turbine.
  • the control device 10 has the function of controlling the game between the top of the blades of the turbine and the parts of the stator facing them.
  • the blades of the turbine are surrounded by a plurality ring segments (not shown) which are mounted on the housing 12 via spacers (not shown).
  • the parts of the stator which face the top of the blades are thus formed by the inner surface of the ring segments.
  • the driving device 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of three air circulation ramps 14; an internal ramp 14a, a ramp central 14b and an external ramp 14c. These ramps are mounted circumferentially on the outer surface of the housing 12 by through fastening rules 16. A single traffic ramp air could also be considered.
  • the air circulation ramps 14 are spaced axially each other and are substantially parallel to each other. They are arranged on either side of two annular fins (or humps) 18 which extend radially outwardly of the housing 12.
  • Ramps 14 are provided with a plurality of holes 19 disposed opposite the outer surface of the housing 12 and the fins 18. These holes 19 allow the air circulating in the ramps 14 to unload on the housing 12 to change the temperature.
  • the ramps air circulation 14 can be segmented into several sectors angular ramps (six in Figure 1) and regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the housing 12.
  • the control device 10 further comprises at least one air collection tube 20 which at least partially surrounds the ramps of air circulation 14.
  • at least one air collection tube 20 which at least partially surrounds the ramps of air circulation 14.
  • two air collection tubes are provided 20.
  • the air collection tube or tubes 20 are intended to supply air to the air circulation ramps 14.
  • Each air collection tube 20 is supplied with air by at least an air supply tube 22.
  • the air supply tube 22 is connected to areas of the turbomachine in which air can be taken to supply the control device 10.
  • the zones of air intake can be one or more stages of a compressor of the turbomachine.
  • Air sampling in the areas of the turbomachine provided for this purpose can be regulated by a control valve (no shown) interposed between these air sampling zones and the tube 22.
  • a control valve no shown
  • Such a valve makes it possible to control the control device 10 according to the operating regime of the turbine.
  • the control device 10 further comprises at least one air duct 24 opening into the air collection tube 20 and opening in the air circulation ramps 14 to supply them with air.
  • each air collection tube 20 extends circumferentially on approximately one half of a circle and thus feeds three air ducts 24. distinguishes these three air ducts 24 by naming them respectively: first air duct 24a for the duct which is closest to the tube supply air 22, second air line 24b for driving placed directly downstream of the first pipe 24a, and third air line 24c for the pipe farthest from the feed tube in air 22.
  • Each air duct 24 is in a form of a cylinder, for example metallic, having edges 26 that come engage in lateral openings 28 of the air circulation ramps 14. The air ducts 24 are thus welded to the ramps 14.
  • At least one of the air ducts 24 is provided with means for balancing the air flow therethrough.
  • Such means are advantageously in the form a diaphragm 30 disposed at the inlet of the air duct 24, that is to say upstream of the air circulation ramps 14 with respect to the direction flow of air from the air collection tube 20. More particularly, the diaphragm 30 is placed upstream of the ramp internal 14a.
  • this diaphragm 30 in at least one of the air ducts 24, and preferably in each air duct 24a, 24b and 24c, makes it possible to balance the flow rates of air coming from the collecting tube 20 and supplying the air circulation ramps 14 in which open the air line.
  • the diaphragm 30 is in the form of a metal ring (or washer) which is, for example, welded to the internal walls of the air duct 24 and whose internal diameter d1 represents the flow section of air is lower than the internal diameter d2 of the air duct 24.
  • the characteristics of the diaphragm 30 for balancing air flows are determined in order to generate additional head losses at the inlet. of each air duct 24 fed by it. Indeed, since the pressure losses are not identical for each air duct 24 fed by the same manifold tube 20, the characteristics of the diaphragms 30 are modeled to generate additional head losses at the inlet of each duct. 24 air to obtain a balance in the distribution of air flow.
  • Table I below gives, for a control device of the prior art (that is to say devoid of air flow balancing means), the distribution of the air flow rates in the three ducts of FIG. air 24a, 24b, 24c supplied by the same air collection tube 20 and in each air circulation ramp 14 of the same ramp sector supplied by each of these air ducts. These air flows were modeled for a cruising operating speed of a turbomachine whose high-pressure turbine is equipped with a game control device.
  • the results of the breakdown highlight a heterogeneity in the distribution of airflows, on the one hand at the inlet of each air duct 24a, 24b and 24c (which reaches 6%), and on the other hand between each sector of air circulation ramps (which reaches 5.8%).
  • the third air line 24c has a pressure supply air superior to the other two lines 24a, 24b because the decrease of the flow velocity of the air in the collecting tube air. It results from the heterogeneity of the air flows between each pipe of air that the cooling of the housing 12 is not homogeneous. of the temperature gradients can therefore appear and lead to mechanical distortions.
  • the diameter d1 of the diaphragm 30 to be put in place at the inlet of the second air duct 24b is then of the order of 28.4 mm for a diameter d2 of the air duct 24b of the order of 39.8 mm.
  • each diaphragm 30 put in place in each air duct 24 which are thus determined from the modeling of additional head losses to be generated are individualized for each air duct.
  • the results of the setting up of such diaphragms are expressed in Table II below. II) - Flow in the first air line 24a (g / s) 32.59 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.14 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 7.82 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.37 - Flow in the second air line 24b (g / s) 32.67 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.12 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 7.78 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.35 - Flow in the third air line 24c (g / s) 32.52 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.13 Flow in the central ramp 14b
  • balancing of airflows can be carried out individually for each sector of ramps air circulation 14 by adapting the diaphragm section according to the needs for a particular boom section.
  • Each air line 24 can thus be provided with a diaphragm 30 whose characteristics (air debiting section) are different for a sector of ramps to one other.

Abstract

The device has air circulating ramps mounted on outer surface of a casing (12), to discharge air on the casing for modifying temperature. An air collecting tube (20) is placed around the ramps, and is supplied with air by an air supply tube. Air ducts (24) open in the tube (20) and emerge in the ramps for supplying air to them. A diaphragm (30) placed at input of the air ducts, balances air flow rate from the tube (20).

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général du pilotage de jeu en sommet d'aubes mobiles d'une turbine à gaz. Elle vise plus particulièrement un dispositif de pilotage d'une turbine haute-pression de turbomachine équipé de moyens d'équilibrage des débits d'air.The present invention relates to the general field of piloting play at the top of moving blades of a gas turbine. She aims more particularly a device for driving a high-pressure turbine turbomachine equipped with balancing means of air flow.

Une turbine à gaz, telle qu'une turbine haute-pression de turbomachine, comporte une pluralité d'aubes mobiles disposées dans le passage de gaz chauds issus d'une chambre de combustion. Les aubes mobiles de la turbine sont entourées, sur toute la circonférence de la turbine, par un stator annulaire. Ce stator définit l'une des parois de la veine d'écoulement des gaz chauds à travers la turbine.A gas turbine, such as a high-pressure turbine turbomachine, comprises a plurality of blades arranged in the passage of hot gases from a combustion chamber. The blades the turbine are surrounded, all around the circumference of the turbine, by an annular stator. This stator defines one of the walls of the vein of flow of hot gases through the turbine.

Afin d'augmenter le rendement de la turbine, il est connu de réduire autant que possible le jeu existant entre le sommet des aubes mobiles de la turbine et les parties du stator qui leur font face.In order to increase the efficiency of the turbine, it is known to reduce as much as possible the existing gap between the top of the blades movable turbine and the parts of the stator that face them.

Pour y parvenir, des moyens de pilotage de jeu en sommet d'aubes ont été élaborés. De tels moyens se présentent généralement sous la forme de conduites annulaires qui entourent le stator et qui sont parcourues par de l'air prélevé sur d'autres parties de la turbomachine. Selon le régime de fonctionnement de la turbine, l'air est injecté sur la surface externe du stator afin d'en modifier la température et provoque ainsi des dilatations ou des contractions thermiques du carter qui sont aptes à faire varier son diamètre.To achieve this, game management means at the top of blades have been developed. Such means are generally in the form of annular conduits which surround the stator and which are traveled by air taken from other parts of the turbomachine. Depending on the operating speed of the turbine, the air is injected onto the outer surface of the stator to change the temperature and causes thermal dilations or contractions of the casing which are able to vary its diameter.

Les dispositifs de pilotage connus jusqu'à présent ne permettent pas toujours d'obtenir une grande uniformité de température sur toute la circonférence du stator. Un manque d'homogénéité de température engendre des distorsions du stator qui sont particulièrement préjudiciables au rendement et à la durée de vie de la turbine à gaz.The control devices known until now do not allow not always to get a great temperature uniformity all over the circumference of the stator. A lack of temperature homogeneity creates stator distortions that are particularly damaging the performance and life of the gas turbine.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

La présente invention vise donc à pallier de tels inconvénients en proposant un dispositif de pilotage de jeu en sommet d'aubes d'une turbine à gaz permettant d'équilibrer les débits d'air dans le dispositif de pilotage afin de limiter les hétérogénéités thermiques du stator de la turbine.The present invention therefore aims to overcome such drawbacks by proposing a game steering device at the top of the blades of a gas turbine for balancing the air flows in the device of control in order to limit the thermal heterogeneities of the stator of the turbine.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de pilotage de jeu en sommet d'aubes mobiles d'un rotor de turbine à gaz, comportant au moins une rampe annulaire de circulation d'air montée circonférentiellement sur un carter annulaire d'un stator de la turbine et destinée à décharger de l'air sur le carter afin d'en modifier la température, un tube collecteur d'air disposé au moins en partie autour de la ou des rampes de circulation d'air, au moins un tube d'alimentation en air pour alimenter en air le tube collecteur d'air, et au moins une conduite d'air s'ouvrant dans le tube collecteur d'air et débouchant dans la ou les rampes de circulation d'air, caractérisé en ce que la conduite d'air est pourvue de moyens pour équilibrer le débit d'air la traversant.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a control device for blade clearance of a gas turbine rotor, having at least one annular ramp of air circulation mounted circumferentially on an annular casing of a stator of the turbine and intended to discharge air to the casing in order to modify the temperature, an air collection tube arranged at least partly around the at least one air circulation ramp, at least one supply tube air to supply air to the air collection pipe, and at least one pipe air opening in the air collection tube and opening into the air circulation ramps, characterized in that the air duct is provided with means for balancing the air flow therethrough.

De préférence, les moyens pour équilibrer le débit d'air traversant la conduite d'air se composent d'un diaphragme disposé par exemple en entrée de la conduite d'air.Preferably, the means for balancing the air flow crossing the air duct consist of a diaphragm arranged by example at the entrance of the air duct.

L'équilibrage du débit d'air traversant la conduite d'air permet ainsi de limiter les hétérogénéités thermiques au niveau du carter de la turbine. En effet, il est possible de déterminer les pertes de charges (au niveau de l'alimentation de la ou des rampes de circulation d'air) pour équilibrer les débits d'air, et donc les caractéristiques du diaphragme.Balancing the air flow through the air duct allows thus to limit thermal heterogeneities at the crankcase of the turbine. Indeed, it is possible to determine the losses of level of the supply of the air circulation ramp or ramps) for to balance the air flows, and thus the characteristics of the diaphragm.

Le diaphragme est avantageusement disposé au niveau d'une entrée de la conduite d'air de façon à créer des pertes de charge supplémentaires. Il peut se présenter sous la forme d'un anneau de diamètre interne inférieur au diamètre interne de la conduite d'air.The diaphragm is advantageously disposed at a inlet of the air duct so as to create pressure losses additional. It can be in the form of a ring of internal diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the air duct.

Lorsque le dispositif comporte deux tubes collecteur d'air chacun relié à trois conduites d'air débouchant chacune dans trois rampes de circulation d'air, chaque conduite d'air est avantageusement pourvue d'un diaphragme d'équilibrage du débit d'air la traversant. Dans ce cas, les caractéristiques de chaque diaphragme de préférence sont individualisées en fonction de la conduite d'air dans laquelle le diaphragme est placé.When the device comprises two air collector tubes each connected to three air ducts opening each into three ramps of air circulation, each air duct is advantageously provided with a balancing diaphragm of the flow of air passing through it. In this case, characteristics of each diaphragm preferably are individualized depending on the air duct in which the diaphragm is placed.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de pilotage selon l'invention ; et
  • la figure 2 illustre l'emplacement des moyens d'équilibrage des débits d'air du dispositif de la figure 1.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment having no limiting character. In the figures:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a control device according to the invention; and
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the location of the means for balancing the air flow rates of the device of FIG. 1.

Description détaillée d'un mode de réalisationDetailed description of an embodiment

Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent un dispositif de pilotage 10 selon l'invention. Un tel dispositif de pilotage peut s'appliquer à toute turbine à gaz dont le contrôle de jeu en sommet des aubes mobiles est nécessaire. Ce dispositif s'applique tout particulièrement à une turbine haute-pression de turbomachine.FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a control device 10 according to the invention. Such a control device can be applied to any turbine to gas whose game control at the top of the blades is necessary. This device is particularly applicable to a high-pressure turbine turbomachine.

Sur les figures, le dispositif de pilotage 10 est monté sur un carter annulaire 12 faisant partie du stator de la turbine. Ce carter 12 d'axe longitudinal X-X entoure une pluralité d'aubes mobiles (non représentées) formant le rotor de la turbine.In the figures, the control device 10 is mounted on a annular housing 12 forming part of the stator of the turbine. This housing 12 longitudinal axis X-X surrounds a plurality of moving blades (no shown) forming the rotor of the turbine.

Le dispositif de pilotage 10 a pour fonction de contrôler le jeu qui existe entre le sommet des aubes mobiles de la turbine et les parties du stator qui leur font face.The control device 10 has the function of controlling the game between the top of the blades of the turbine and the parts of the stator facing them.

Les aubes mobiles de la turbine sont entourées par une pluralité de segments d'anneau (non représentés) qui sont montés sur le carter 12 par l'intermédiaire d'entretoises (non représentées). Les parties du stator qui font face au sommet des aubes mobiles sont ainsi formées par la surface interne des segments d'anneau.The blades of the turbine are surrounded by a plurality ring segments (not shown) which are mounted on the housing 12 via spacers (not shown). The parts of the stator which face the top of the blades are thus formed by the inner surface of the ring segments.

Le dispositif de pilotage 10 des figures 1 et 2 se compose de trois rampes de circulation d'air 14 ; une rampe interne 14a, une rampe centrale 14b et une rampe externe 14c. Ces rampes sont montées circonférentiellement sur la surface externe du carter 12 par l'intermédiaire de règles de fixation 16. Une unique rampe de circulation d'air pourrait également être envisagée.The driving device 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of three air circulation ramps 14; an internal ramp 14a, a ramp central 14b and an external ramp 14c. These ramps are mounted circumferentially on the outer surface of the housing 12 by through fastening rules 16. A single traffic ramp air could also be considered.

Les rampes de circulation d'air 14 sont espacées axialement les unes des autres et sont sensiblement parallèles entre elles. Elles sont disposées de part et d'autre de deux ailettes (ou bosses) annulaires 18 qui s'étendent radialement vers l'extérieur du carter 12. The air circulation ramps 14 are spaced axially each other and are substantially parallel to each other. They are arranged on either side of two annular fins (or humps) 18 which extend radially outwardly of the housing 12.

Les rampes 14 sont pourvues d'une pluralité de perçages 19 disposés en regard de la surface externe du carter 12 et des ailettes 18. Ces perçages 19 permettent à l'air circulant dans les rampes 14 de se décharger sur le carter 12 afin d'en modifier la température.Ramps 14 are provided with a plurality of holes 19 disposed opposite the outer surface of the housing 12 and the fins 18. These holes 19 allow the air circulating in the ramps 14 to unload on the housing 12 to change the temperature.

Par ailleurs, comme illustré sur la figure 1, les rampes de circulation d'air 14 peuvent être segmentées en plusieurs secteurs angulaires de rampes distincts (au nombre de six sur la figure 1) et régulièrement répartis sur toute la circonférence du carter 12.Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the ramps air circulation 14 can be segmented into several sectors angular ramps (six in Figure 1) and regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the housing 12.

Le dispositif de pilotage 10 comporte en outre au moins un tube collecteur d'air 20 qui entoure au moins en partie les rampes de circulation d'air 14. Sur la figure 1, il est prévu deux tubes collecteurs d'air 20. Le ou les tubes collecteur d'air 20 sont destinés à alimenter en air les rampes de circulation d'air 14.The control device 10 further comprises at least one air collection tube 20 which at least partially surrounds the ramps of air circulation 14. In FIG. 1, two air collection tubes are provided 20. The air collection tube or tubes 20 are intended to supply air to the air circulation ramps 14.

Chaque tube collecteur d'air 20 est alimenté en air par au moins un tube d'alimentation en air 22. Le tube d'alimentation en air 22 est relié à des zones de la turbomachine dans lesquelles de l'air peut être prélevé pour alimenter le dispositif de pilotage 10. A titre d'exemple, les zones de prélèvement d'air peuvent être un ou plusieurs étages d'un compresseur de la turbomachine.Each air collection tube 20 is supplied with air by at least an air supply tube 22. The air supply tube 22 is connected to areas of the turbomachine in which air can be taken to supply the control device 10. For example, the zones of air intake can be one or more stages of a compressor of the turbomachine.

Le prélèvement d'air dans les zones de la turbomachine prévues à cet effet peut être régulé par une vanne de commande (non représentée) interposée entre ces zones de prélèvement d'air et le tube d'alimentation en air 22. Une telle vanne permet de commander le dispositif de pilotage 10 en fonction du régime de fonctionnement de la turbine.Air sampling in the areas of the turbomachine provided for this purpose can be regulated by a control valve (no shown) interposed between these air sampling zones and the tube 22. Such a valve makes it possible to control the control device 10 according to the operating regime of the turbine.

Le dispositif de pilotage 10 comporte en outre au moins une conduite d'air 24 s'ouvrant dans le tube collecteur d'air 20 et débouchant dans les rampes de circulation d'air 14 afin de les alimenter en air.The control device 10 further comprises at least one air duct 24 opening into the air collection tube 20 and opening in the air circulation ramps 14 to supply them with air.

Sur la figure 1, il est prévu une conduite d'air 24 par secteur angulaire de rampes de circulation d'air 14, c'est à dire que le dispositif de pilotage comporte six conduites d'air 24 régulièrement réparties sur toute la circonférence du carter 12.In Figure 1, there is provided an air line 24 by sector angle of air circulation ramps 14, that is to say that the device of piloting comprises six air ducts 24 regularly distributed over all the circumference of the housing 12.

Comme le dispositif de pilotage 10 de cette figure 1 comporte un tube d'alimentation en air 22 alimentant deux tubes collecteur d'air 20 distincts, chaque tube collecteur d'air 20 s'étend circonférentiellement sur une moitié de cercle environ et alimente ainsi trois conduites d'air 24. On distingue ces trois conduites d'air 24 en les nommant respectivement : première conduite d'air 24a pour la conduite qui est la plus proche du tube d'alimentation en air 22, deuxième conduite d'air 24b pour la conduite placée directement en aval de la première conduite 24a, et troisième conduite d'air 24c pour la conduite la plus éloignée du tube d'alimentation en air 22.Since the control device 10 of this FIG. an air supply tube 22 supplying two air collection tubes 20 separate, each air collection tube 20 extends circumferentially on approximately one half of a circle and thus feeds three air ducts 24. distinguishes these three air ducts 24 by naming them respectively: first air duct 24a for the duct which is closest to the tube supply air 22, second air line 24b for driving placed directly downstream of the first pipe 24a, and third air line 24c for the pipe farthest from the feed tube in air 22.

Chaque conduite d'air 24 se présente sous une forme d'un cylindre, par exemple métallique, ayant des bords 26 qui viennent s'engager dans des ouvertures latérales 28 des rampes de circulation d'air 14. Les conduites d'air 24 sont ainsi soudées aux rampes 14.Each air duct 24 is in a form of a cylinder, for example metallic, having edges 26 that come engage in lateral openings 28 of the air circulation ramps 14. The air ducts 24 are thus welded to the ramps 14.

Selon l'invention, au moins l'une des conduites d'air 24 est pourvue de moyens pour équilibrer le débit d'air la traversant.According to the invention, at least one of the air ducts 24 is provided with means for balancing the air flow therethrough.

De tels moyens se présentent avantageusement sous la forme d'un diaphragme 30 disposé à l'entrée de la conduite d'air 24, c'est à dire en amont des rampes de circulation d'air 14 par rapport à la direction d'écoulement de l'air provenant du tube collecteur d'air 20. Plus particulièrement, le diaphragme 30 est placé en amont de la rampe interne 14a.Such means are advantageously in the form a diaphragm 30 disposed at the inlet of the air duct 24, that is to say upstream of the air circulation ramps 14 with respect to the direction flow of air from the air collection tube 20. More particularly, the diaphragm 30 is placed upstream of the ramp internal 14a.

La présence de ce diaphragme 30 dans au moins l'une des conduites d'air 24, et de préférence dans chaque conduite d'air 24a, 24b et 24c, permet d'équilibrer les débits d'air provenant du tube collecteur d'air 20 et alimentant les rampes de circulation d'air 14 dans lesquelles débouchent la conduite d'air.The presence of this diaphragm 30 in at least one of the air ducts 24, and preferably in each air duct 24a, 24b and 24c, makes it possible to balance the flow rates of air coming from the collecting tube 20 and supplying the air circulation ramps 14 in which open the air line.

Sur la figure 2, le diaphragme 30 se présente sous la forme d'un anneau (ou rondelle) métallique qui est par exemple soudée aux parois internes de la conduite d'air 24 et dont le diamètre interne d1 représentant la section de débit d'air est plus faible que le diamètre interne d2 de la conduite d'air 24.In FIG. 2, the diaphragm 30 is in the form of a metal ring (or washer) which is, for example, welded to the internal walls of the air duct 24 and whose internal diameter d1 represents the flow section of air is lower than the internal diameter d2 of the air duct 24.

Les caractéristiques du diaphragme 30 d'équilibrage des débits d'air (telles que son diamètre interne d1 par rapport à celui d2 de la conduite d'air 24) sont déterminées afin d'engendrer des pertes de charges supplémentaires au niveau de l'entrée de chaque conduite d'air 24 alimentée par celui-ci. En effet, les pertes de charge n'étant pas identiques pour chaque conduite d'air 24 alimentée par un même tube collecteur 20, les caractéristiques des diaphragmes 30 sont modélisées pour engendrer des pertes de charge supplémentaires au niveau de l'entrée de chaque conduite d'air 24 afin d'obtenir un équilibre dans la répartition des débits d'air.The characteristics of the diaphragm 30 for balancing air flows (such as its internal diameter d1 with respect to that of d2 of the air duct 24) are determined in order to generate additional head losses at the inlet. of each air duct 24 fed by it. Indeed, since the pressure losses are not identical for each air duct 24 fed by the same manifold tube 20, the characteristics of the diaphragms 30 are modeled to generate additional head losses at the inlet of each duct. 24 air to obtain a balance in the distribution of air flow.

On décrira maintenant le processus de modélisation des caractéristiques des diaphragmes nécessaires pour chaque conduite d'air 24 à partir d'une modélisation des débits d'air dans un dispositif de pilotage de l'art antérieur.We will now describe the modeling process of characteristics of the diaphragms required for each air line 24 from a modeling of airflows in a device of piloting the prior art.

Le tableau I ci-dessous donne, pour un dispositif de pilotage de l'art antérieur (c'est à dire dépourvu de moyens d'équilibrage des débits d'air), la répartition des débits d'air dans les trois conduites d'air 24a, 24b, 24c alimentées par un même tube collecteur d'air 20 et dans chaque rampe de circulation d'air 14 d'un même secteur de rampe alimenté par chacune de ces conduites d'air. Ces débits d'air ont été modélisés pour un régime de fonctionnement de croisière d'une turbomachine dont la turbine haute-pression est équipée d'un dispositif de pilotage de jeu. I) - Débit dans la première conduite d'air 24a (g/s) 32,43 Débit dans la rampe interne 14a (g/s) 4,11 Débit dans la rampe centrale 14b (g/s) 7,76 Débit dans la rampe externe 14c (g/s) 4,35 - Débit dans la deuxième conduite d'air 24b (g/s) 34,03 Débit dans la rampe interne 14a (g/s) 4,31 Débit dans la rampe centrale 14b (g/s) 8,16 Débit dans la rampe externe 14c (g/s) 4,54 -Débit dans la troisième conduite d'air 24c (g/s) 34,42 Débit dans la rampe interne 14a (g/s) 4,36 Débit dans la rampe centrale 14b (g/s) 8,26 Débit dans la rampe externe 14c (g/s) 4,59 Table I below gives, for a control device of the prior art (that is to say devoid of air flow balancing means), the distribution of the air flow rates in the three ducts of FIG. air 24a, 24b, 24c supplied by the same air collection tube 20 and in each air circulation ramp 14 of the same ramp sector supplied by each of these air ducts. These air flows were modeled for a cruising operating speed of a turbomachine whose high-pressure turbine is equipped with a game control device. I) - Flow in the first air line 24a (g / s) 32.43 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.11 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 7.76 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.35 - Flow in the second air line 24b (g / s) 34,03 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.31 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 8.16 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.54 -Debit in the third air line 24c (g / s) 34.42 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.36 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 8.26 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.59

En liaison avec le tableau I, les résultats de la ventilation mettent en évidence une hétérogénéité dans la répartition des débits d'air, d'une part à l'entrée de chaque conduite d'air 24a, 24b et 24c (qui atteint 6%), et d'autre part entre chaque secteur de rampes de circulation d'air (qui atteint 5,8%). La troisième conduite d'air 24c présente une pression d'alimentation d'air supérieure aux deux autres conduites 24a, 24b du fait de la diminution de la vitesse d'écoulement de l'air dans le tube collecteur d'air. Il résulte de l'hétérogénéité des débits d'air entre chaque conduite d'air que le refroidissement du carter 12 n'est pas homogène. Des gradients de température peuvent donc apparaítre et entraíner des distorsions mécaniques.In connection with Table I, the results of the breakdown highlight a heterogeneity in the distribution of airflows, on the one hand at the inlet of each air duct 24a, 24b and 24c (which reaches 6%), and on the other hand between each sector of air circulation ramps (which reaches 5.8%). The third air line 24c has a pressure supply air superior to the other two lines 24a, 24b because the decrease of the flow velocity of the air in the collecting tube air. It results from the heterogeneity of the air flows between each pipe of air that the cooling of the housing 12 is not homogeneous. of the temperature gradients can therefore appear and lead to mechanical distortions.

A partir de tels résultats, il est ainsi possible de modéliser les pertes de charge supplémentaires qu'il est nécessaire d'appliquer pour chaque conduite d'air 24 afin d'obtenir une homogénéité dans la répartition des débits d'air. La modélisation des pertes de charge supplémentaires permet alors de calculer les caractéristiques des diaphragmes 30 (notamment leur diamètre interne d1 par rapport au diamètre interne d2 de chaque conduite d'air 24).From such results, it is thus possible to model the additional pressure drops that it is necessary to apply for each air duct 24 to obtain homogeneity in the distribution of air flows. The modeling of the additional pressure drops then makes it possible to calculate the characteristics of the diaphragms 30 (in particular their internal diameter d1 with respect to the internal diameter d2 of each air duct 24).

Par exemple, à partir des données modélisées du tableau I, on remarque que pour la deuxième conduite d'air 24b, il est nécessaire d'engendrer une perte de charge supplémentaire de l'ordre 3,8. Pour engendrer une telle perte de charge, il faut mettre un diaphragme dont la section de perçage F1 permet de vérifier : F1/F2 = 0,51 avec F1 section de perçage ou débitante d'air du diaphragme et F2 section débitante d'air de la conduite d'air 24b. Pour un diamètre d2 de la conduite d'air 24b de l'ordre de 39,8 mm, le diamètre d1 du diaphragme 30 à mettre en place à l'entrée de la deuxième conduite d'air 24b est alors de l'ordre de 28,4 mm pour un diamètre d2 de la conduite d'air 24b de l'ordre de 39,8 mm.For example, from the modeled data of Table I, it is noted that for the second air line 24b, it is necessary to generate an additional pressure drop of about 3.8. To generate such a loss of load, it is necessary to put a diaphragm whose drilling section F1 makes it possible to check: F1 / F2 = 0.51 with F1 drilling section or air flow section of the diaphragm and F2 air flow section of the air duct 24b. For a diameter d2 of the air duct 24b of the order of 39.8 mm, the diameter d1 of the diaphragm 30 to be put in place at the inlet of the second air duct 24b is then of the order of 28.4 mm for a diameter d2 of the air duct 24b of the order of 39.8 mm.

Toujours à partir des données modélisées du tableau I, on remarque également que pour la troisième conduite d'air 24c, il est nécessaire d'engendrer une perte de charge supplémentaire de l'ordre 4,5. De même que décrit ci-dessus, une telle perte de charge peut-être obtenue avec un diaphragme dont la section de perçage F1 permet de vérifier : F1/F2 = 0,49 avec F1 section de perçage ou débitante d'air du diaphragme et F2 section débitante d'air de la conduite d'air 24c. Pour un diamètre d2 de la conduite d'air 24c de l'ordre de 39,8 mm, le diamètre d1 du diaphragme 30 à mettre en place à l'entrée de la deuxième conduite d'air 24c est alors de l'ordre de 27,9 mm.Still from the modeled data of Table I, it is also noted that for the third air line 24c, it is necessary to generate an additional pressure drop of the order 4.5. As described above, such a pressure drop can be obtained with a diaphragm whose drilling section F1 makes it possible to check: F1 / F2 = 0.49 with F1 drilling section or airflow section of the diaphragm and F2 airflow section of 24c air line. For a diameter d2 of the air duct 24c of the order of 39.8 mm, the diameter d1 of the diaphragm 30 to be put in place at the inlet of the second air duct 24c is then of the order of 27.9 mm.

Les caractéristiques de chaque diaphragme 30 mis en place dans chaque conduite d'air 24 qui sont ainsi déterminés à partir de la modélisation de pertes de charges supplémentaires à engendrer sont individualisées pour chaque conduite d'air. Les résultats de la mise en place de tels diaphragmes sont exprimés dans le tableau II ci-dessous. II) - Débit dans la première conduite d'air 24a (g/s) 32,59 Débit dans la rampe interne 14a (g/s) 4,14 Débit dans la rampe centrale 14b (g/s) 7,82 Débit dans la rampe externe 14c (g/s) 4,37 - Débit dans la deuxième conduite d'air 24b (g/s) 32,67 Débit dans la rampe interne 14a (g/s) 4,12 Débit dans la rampe centrale 14b (g/s) 7,78 Débit dans la rampe externe 14c (g/s) 4,35 - Débit dans la troisième conduite d'air 24c (g/s) 32,52 Débit dans la rampe interne 14a (g/s) 4,13 Débit dans la rampe centrale 14b (g/s) 7,79 Débit dans la rampe externe 14c(g/s) 4,36 The characteristics of each diaphragm 30 put in place in each air duct 24 which are thus determined from the modeling of additional head losses to be generated are individualized for each air duct. The results of the setting up of such diaphragms are expressed in Table II below. II) - Flow in the first air line 24a (g / s) 32.59 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.14 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 7.82 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.37 - Flow in the second air line 24b (g / s) 32.67 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.12 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 7.78 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.35 - Flow in the third air line 24c (g / s) 32.52 Flow in the internal ramp 14a (g / s) 4.13 Flow in the central ramp 14b (g / s) 7.79 Flow in the external ramp 14c (g / s) 4.36

Dans ce tableau II, on constate que, grâce à la mise en place de diaphragmes dans les conduites d'air 24a, 24b et 24c, les hétérogénéités dans la répartition des débits d'air sont inférieures à 1% entre chaque conduite d'air, ce qui est négligeable. Il en résulte une homogénéité en température du carter 12.In this table II, it can be seen that, thanks to the establishment of diaphragms in the air ducts 24a, 24b and 24c, the heterogeneities in the distribution of airflows are less than 1% between each air duct, which is negligible. This results in homogeneity crankcase temperature 12.

Ainsi, il est possible d'équilibrer les débits d'air circulant dans chaque secteur angulaire de rampes de circulation d'air 14 en ajoutant un diaphragme d'équilibrage individualisé des débits d'air à l'entrée de la conduite d'air qui débouche dans ce secteur angulaire de rampes.Thus, it is possible to balance the flow rates of air circulating in each angular sector of airflow ramps 14 by adding a balancing diaphragm individualized air flows at the entrance of the air duct which opens into this angular sector of ramps.

En d'autres termes, l'équilibrage des débits d'air peut être réalisé de manière individuelle pour chaque secteur de rampes de circulation d'air 14 en adaptant la section du diaphragme en fonction des besoins pour une section de rampe particulière. Chaque conduite d'air 24 peut ainsi être munie d'un diaphragme 30 dont les caractéristiques (section débitante d'air) sont différentes pour un secteur de rampes à un autre.In other words, balancing of airflows can be carried out individually for each sector of ramps air circulation 14 by adapting the diaphragm section according to the needs for a particular boom section. Each air line 24 can thus be provided with a diaphragm 30 whose characteristics (air debiting section) are different for a sector of ramps to one other.

Claims (6)

Dispositif de pilotage de jeu en sommet d'aubes mobiles d'un rotor de turbine à gaz, comportant : au moins une rampe annulaire de circulation d'air (14) montée circonférentiellement sur un carter annulaire (12) d'un stator de la turbine et destinée à décharger de l'air sur ledit carter (12) afin d'en modifier la température ; un tube collecteur d'air (20) disposé au moins en partie autour de la ou des rampes de circulation d'air (14) ; au moins un tube d'alimentation en air (22) pour alimenter en air le tube collecteur d'air (20) ; et au moins une conduite d'air (24) s'ouvrant dans le tube collecteur d'air (20) et débouchant dans la ou les rampes de circulation d'air (14) ;    caractérisé en ce que la conduite d'air (24) est pourvue de moyens (30) pour équilibrer le débit d'air la traversant.Device for driving a game at the top of moving blades of a gas turbine rotor, comprising: at least one annular air circulation ramp (14) mounted circumferentially on an annular casing (12) of a stator of the turbine and intended to discharge air on said casing (12) in order to modify the temperature thereof ; an air collecting tube (20) disposed at least partly around the air circulation manifold (14); at least one air supply tube (22) for supplying air to the air collection tube (20); and at least one air duct (24) opening in the air collection tube (20) and opening into the air circulation manifold (14); characterized in that the air duct (24) is provided with means (30) for balancing the flow of air therethrough. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la conduite d'air (24) est pourvue d'un diaphragme (30) d'équilibrage du débit d'air la traversant.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air duct (24) is provided with a diaphragm (30) for balancing the air flow therethrough. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le diaphragme (30) est disposé au niveau d'une entrée de la conduite d'air (24) de façon à créer des pertes de charge supplémentaires.Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the diaphragm (30) is disposed at an inlet of the air duct (24) so as to create additional pressure drops. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le diaphragme (30) se présente sous la forme d'un anneau de diamètre interne d1 inférieur au diamètre interne d2 de la conduite d'air (24).Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the diaphragm (30) is in the form of a ring of internal diameter d1 smaller than the internal diameter d2 of the air duct (24). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux tubes collecteur d'air (20) chacun relié à trois conduites d'air (24a, 24b, 24c) débouchant chacune dans trois rampes de circulation d'air (14a, 14b, 14c), chaque conduite d'air (24a, 24b, 24c) étant pourvue d'un diaphragme (30) d'équilibrage du débit d'air la traversant. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises two air collection tubes (20) each connected to three air ducts (24a, 24b, 24c) each opening into three circulation ramps air (14a, 14b, 14c), each air duct (24a, 24b, 24c) being provided with a diaphragm (30) for balancing the air flow therethrough. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les caractéristiques de chaque diaphragme sont individualisées en fonction de la conduite d'air (24a, 24b, 24c) dans laquelle ledit diaphragme est placé.Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the characteristics of each diaphragm are individualized as a function of the air duct (24a, 24b, 24c) in which said diaphragm is placed.
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UA91667C2 (en) 2010-08-25
DE602004015063D1 (en) 2008-08-28

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