EP1573264A1 - Multilayered steel armour - Google Patents

Multilayered steel armour

Info

Publication number
EP1573264A1
EP1573264A1 EP03776790A EP03776790A EP1573264A1 EP 1573264 A1 EP1573264 A1 EP 1573264A1 EP 03776790 A EP03776790 A EP 03776790A EP 03776790 A EP03776790 A EP 03776790A EP 1573264 A1 EP1573264 A1 EP 1573264A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armour
layer
metallic intermediate
fact
joining metallic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03776790A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jaroslav Cerny
Stanislav Rolc
Frantisek Posp Sil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SVOS sro
Original Assignee
SVOS sro
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SVOS sro filed Critical SVOS sro
Publication of EP1573264A1 publication Critical patent/EP1573264A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F41H5/045—Layered armour containing metal all the layers being metal layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the multilayered steel armour for both the defense and civilian ballistic protection application.
  • the front-face layer intended to break or shatter attacking bullets is usually made from the steel of very hihg hardness containing, for example, 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% of carbon, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt% of silicone, 0.2 wt% to 8.0 wt% of chromium, 0.1 wt% to 4.0 wt% of nickel, 0.2 wt% to 6.0 wt% of tungsten, 0.05 wt% to 0.5 wt% vanadium and the rest being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities.
  • the backing layer is formed by the more conventional armour steel material, intended to absorb remainder of bullet and fragments kinetic energy with a higher toughness containing, for example, 0.2 wt% to 0.6 wt% of carbon, 0.3 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of silicone, 0.1 wt% to 3.0 wt% of chromium, 0.2 wt% to 4.5 wt% of nickel, 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% of molybdenum and the rest being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
  • These two-layered plates are produced using technology of explosive cladding (high-velocity impact cladding) or by rolling together the individual layers at elevated temperature, wide-area welding techniques, by casting and successive pressure forming or by welding the initial semi- finished products under the molten welding flux and other similar technologies.
  • the important feature of the invention is the circumstance that the joining metallic intermediate layer is made from the material featuring the face-centered cubic crystalline lattice (FCC lattice) .
  • the FCC metallic material of the intermediate layer used in the sandwich can be either the pure nickel or possibly also certain nickel alloys containing from 50.0 wt% to 98.0 wt% of nickel and from about 0.1 wt% to 45.0 wt% of at least one metal from the group of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, manganese, niobium, titanium, iron and the rest formed by other accompanying elements and usual impurities.
  • Another convenient arrangement of the invention represents the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer comprising between 5.0 wt% to 50.0 wt% of nickel, in total between 0.1 wt% to 40.0 wt% of chromium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium and titanium serving in the role of alloying admixtures while the reminder is formed by iron and some other usual additional elements and impurities.
  • the other convenient material of the joining metallic intermediate layer according to the invention is the alloy containing from 8.0 wt% to 30.0 wt% of manganese and altogether 0.1 wt% to 30.0 wt% of alloying admixtures of chromium, nickel, vanadium, silicone and carbon while the reminder represents iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
  • the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer can be, in addition to pure nickel or an alloy with nickel as its principal component, also the well known austenitic nickel steel alloys containing more than 20.0 wt% of nickel and the possible combinations of the known austenitic chromium-nickel alloys containing typically 18 wt% of chromium and 8 wt% of nickel.
  • the other possible option for the composition of the intermediate layer is the known austenitic manganese alloys like for example the Hadfield Steel with more that 12 wt% of manganese content .
  • the thickness of the joining metallic intermediate layer can be conveniently set from 0.5 % to 25 % of the total thickness of the steel armour according to the invention.
  • the thicknesses of the external front-face ballistic-resistance armou layer exposed to ballistic loads and the backing armour layer can be either equal to each other or they can differ to achieve the -most, convenient properties of the sandwich as the whole.
  • the basic configuration of the invention represents the multilayered steel armour formed by just the three layers, i.e. the sandwich with the simple joining metallic intermediate layer placed between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer and the backing armour layer.
  • the alternative implementation of the herein invention can use more that just these three basic layers. Between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer and the backing armour layer at least one more extra internal armour layer is inserted. If this is the case, all the inserted internal armour layers are joined and sandwiched together using the above described joining metallic intermediate layers as per herein described invention.
  • the inserted internal armour layers used to achieve the most convenient properties of the entire structure are made from steel containing 0.2 wt% to 0.9 wt% of carbon, 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% of chromium, 0.3 wt% to 4.5 wt% of nickel, 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% of molybdenum 0,1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of silicon and no more than about 0.01 wt% of boron, the reminder being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
  • the thicknesses of the inserted internal armour layers can be either equal to each other or they can mutually differ and the sum total of the thicknesses of all inserted armour layers and the corresponding joining metallic intermediate layers represents 1.5 % to 60 % of the total thickness of multilayered steel armour according to the invention.
  • the multilayered steel armour made to the specifications of the herein described invention result into compact armour structure with extremely high level of adhesion, strong metallurgical bond of the individual layers .
  • the advantages of such composed structures manifest themselves in particular during giving these materials desired shape and during the thermal treatment of these materials and products.
  • the joining metallic intermediale layer (or layers as case may be) due to their high plasticity eliminates deformations due to structural, thermal and dimensional changes taking place in the individual armour layers .
  • the other substantial advantage of these armoured plates manifest itself in the realm of their ability to withstand ⁇ e'x '" - ⁇ tSrfee.mes of balli.stic loads.
  • the j.oi.ni.ng metallic intermediate layer represents an efficient barrier in the way of propagation of cracks between the individual armour layers whereby significantly enhancing the overall structural integrity of the armour.
  • the multilayered steel armour can be created using all the known and widely used technologies such as multilayered casting and forming, plating, cladding, welding, rolling at elevated temperatures, etc. Brief Description of the Drawings
  • Multilayered steel armour according to this example, as in Fig. 1, comprises from the front-face ballistic-resistant layer 1 and from the backing armour layer 2 .
  • the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is made from steel alloy containing 0.66 wt% of carbon, 0.40 wt% of silicone, 0.40 wt% of manganese, no more than about 0.010 wt% of phosphorus, no more than about 0.010 wt% of sulfur, 1.20 wt% of chromium, 0.20 wt% of nickel, 0.20 wt% of vanadium, 1.90 wt% of tungsten, while the rest is iron and other accompanying elements and impurities.
  • the backing armour layer 2 is made from the steel alloy containing 0.30 wt% of carbon, 1.60 wt% of silicone, 1.40 wt% of manganese, no more than about 0.010 wt% of phosphorus, no more than about 0.008 wt% of sulfur, 0.40 wt% of chromium, 1.20 wt% of nickel, the rest is iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
  • austenitic FCC crystalline lattice structure containing 71.0 wt% of nickel, 16.0 wt% of chromium, 3.0 wt% of manganese, 1.0 wt% of molybdenum, 2.0 wt% of niobium, 6.0 wt% of iron and the rest being the accompanying elements and common impurities.
  • the overall thickness t of this multilayered steel armour is 10 millimeters.
  • the thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is 4.7 millimeters
  • the thickness £ of the backing armour layer 2 is also 4.7 millimeters
  • the thickness t of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3. is 0.6 millimeters, which represents 6 % of the overall thickness it of the multilayered steel armour.
  • the multilayered steel armour of this example is manufactured using the technology of explosive cladding and subsequent rolling at elevated temperature .
  • Multilayered steel armour in this example represents the alternative implementation of the multilayered steel armour from the first example with the changed material of the inserted joining metallic intermediate layer 3.
  • the material of this layer 3 was changed to the austenitic structure containing 10.6 wt% of nickel, 16.7 wt% of chromium, 2.2 wt% of molybdenum, 1.7 wt% of manganese, 0.5 wt% of silicone, 0.4 wt% of titanium, 0.03 wt% of carbon with the rest being iron and other usual admixtures and impurities .
  • This multilayered steel armour is prepared using the technology of multilayered casting, which is followed by the elevated temperature rolling process.
  • the total thickness t of this multilayered steel armour is 7.5 millimeters
  • the thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistance armour layer 1 is 3.5 millimeters
  • the thickness t of the backing armour layer 2 is 3.6 millimeters
  • the thickness t of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3 is 0.4 millimeters, representing 5.3 % of the overall thickness t of the steel armour.
  • the multilayered steel armour in this (third) example also represents the alternative implementation of the multilayered steel armour of the type introduced in the example 1.
  • the difference is in a different composition of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3. joining the armour layer 1,2..
  • the material of this layer 3. is the austenitic structure containing 12.5 wt% of manganese, 1.3 wt% of carbon, 0.4 wt% of silicone while the rest is iron, other accompanying elements and usual impurities .
  • the multilayered steel armour as in Fig. 2 is formed by the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 and the backing armour layer 2 , having the same chemical composition as the corresponding layers 1,2 of the example 1. Between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 and the backing armour layer 2 are sandwiched two additional internal armour layers 4 and 5. and the corresponding joining metallic intermediate layers 3., which are located between all the armour layers 1,2., 4, 5 present in the sandwich.
  • the joining metallic intermediate layers 3 are the austenitic FCC crystalline structures containing 9.0 wt% of nickel, 17.5 wt% of chromium, 1.9 wt% of manganese, 0.6 wt% of silicone, 0.4 wt% of titanium, 0.06 wt% of carbon, while the rest being iron and the common accompanying elements and impurities.
  • the first inserted internal armour layer 4 is formed by the steel alloy containing 0.45 wt% of carbon, 0.70 wt% of manganese, 0.23 wt% of silicone, 0.50 wt% of chromium, 2.0 wt% of nickel, 0.35 wt% of molybdenum while the rest is iron and other common accompanying elements and impurities.
  • the second inserted internal armour layer 5 is formed by the steel alloy containing 0.26 wt% of carbon, 1.0 wt% of manganese, 1.19 wt% of silicone, 0.37 wt% of chromium, 0.95 wt of nickel, 0,27 wt% of molybdenum, 0.006 wt% of niobium while the rest is iron and other common accompanying elements and impurities.
  • the total thickness t of the steel armour is 12.0 millimeters.
  • the thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is 3 millimeters and the thickness t of the backing armour layer 2 is also 3 millimeters.
  • the thicknesses of all joining metallic intermediate layers 3. are 0.4 millimeters.
  • the thickness t of the first internal armour layer 4 is 2.5 millimeters and the thickness t of the second internal armour layer 5 is 2.3 millimeters.
  • the sum total of the thicknesses —t3 of all inserted joining metallic intermediate layers 3. and the thicknesses t , t of the two inserted internal armour layers 4 and 5. is 6.0 millimeters, i.e. 50 % of the total thickness t of the multilayered steel armour.
  • the multilayered steel armour presented in this example was produced using the technology of welding of its individual armour layers , 2 , 4 and 5. together with the joining metallic intermediate layers 3. and subsequent rolling of the sandwich at elevated temperature .
  • Multilayered steel armour plates produced in accordance with the herein presented invention find a wide variety of applications especially in products of defense industry where the prime interest is to ascertain the high level of ballistic resistance of the armoured parts and simultaneously maintaining their structural integrity.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

Multilayered steel armour consisting of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer (1) and the backing armour layer (2). Between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer (1) and the backing layer (2) is at least one joining metallic intermediate layer (3), joining the armour layers (1) and (2) and possibly at least one internal armour layer (4, 5).

Description

Multilayered Steel Armour
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the multilayered steel armour for both the defense and civilian ballistic protection application.
Background of the Invention
The techniques of armouring applied both in civilian and defense realms make use of the various monolithic and/or composite steel armours in the role of assembly components and parts . Hand in hand with the ever-increasing requirements of the degree of the ballistic protection the technical capacity to meet such requirements has become virtually exhausted when only monolithic armour materials are concerned and therefore we have been recently witnessing a gradual shift of emphasis towards the application and use of two-layered materials bonded together.
These two-layered steel armour plates are usually made from a suitable combination of two kinds of materials having quite different properties. The front-face layer intended to break or shatter attacking bullets is usually made from the steel of very hihg hardness containing, for example, 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% of carbon, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt% of silicone, 0.2 wt% to 8.0 wt% of chromium, 0.1 wt% to 4.0 wt% of nickel, 0.2 wt% to 6.0 wt% of tungsten, 0.05 wt% to 0.5 wt% vanadium and the rest being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities. The backing layer is formed by the more conventional armour steel material, intended to absorb remainder of bullet and fragments kinetic energy with a higher toughness containing, for example, 0.2 wt% to 0.6 wt% of carbon, 0.3 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of silicone, 0.1 wt% to 3.0 wt% of chromium, 0.2 wt% to 4.5 wt% of nickel, 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% of molybdenum and the rest being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities . These two-layered plates are produced using technology of explosive cladding (high-velocity impact cladding) or by rolling together the individual layers at elevated temperature, wide-area welding techniques, by casting and successive pressure forming or by welding the initial semi- finished products under the molten welding flux and other similar technologies.
The common disadvantage of all these two-layered steel armour plated is the widely different physical and technological properties of the front and the backing layer resulting in a considerable and undesirable changes of shape of the two-layered armor plates taking place both during their manufacturing process giving the plates the basic shape and during the thermal treatment of the completed and deployed armor. Another and very serious disadvantage of these two- layered armor plates is an ease with which the cracks are able to propagate themselves through the mass of the armour material once under a severe ballistic load. Summary of the Invention
The above-described disadvantages associated with the two-layered techniques of armour design and manufacturing are to a great extent eliminated by application of the multilayered technology whereby the multilayered steel armours according to the invention are formed from the at least three layered sandwich comprising the front-face ballistic-resistance armour layer of high ballistic endurance, the backing armour layer and the joining metallic intermediate layer joining the two external armour layers together. This third joining metallic intermediate layer, or the combination of several intermediate layers represents the very substance of the invention described herein.
The important feature of the invention is the circumstance that the joining metallic intermediate layer is made from the material featuring the face-centered cubic crystalline lattice (FCC lattice) .
The FCC metallic material of the intermediate layer used in the sandwich can be either the pure nickel or possibly also certain nickel alloys containing from 50.0 wt% to 98.0 wt% of nickel and from about 0.1 wt% to 45.0 wt% of at least one metal from the group of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, manganese, niobium, titanium, iron and the rest formed by other accompanying elements and usual impurities.
Another convenient arrangement of the invention represents the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer comprising between 5.0 wt% to 50.0 wt% of nickel, in total between 0.1 wt% to 40.0 wt% of chromium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium and titanium serving in the role of alloying admixtures while the reminder is formed by iron and some other usual additional elements and impurities.
In addition to the above-described compositions, the other convenient material of the joining metallic intermediate layer according to the invention is the alloy containing from 8.0 wt% to 30.0 wt% of manganese and altogether 0.1 wt% to 30.0 wt% of alloying admixtures of chromium, nickel, vanadium, silicone and carbon while the reminder represents iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
Specifically, the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer can be, in addition to pure nickel or an alloy with nickel as its principal component, also the well known austenitic nickel steel alloys containing more than 20.0 wt% of nickel and the possible combinations of the known austenitic chromium-nickel alloys containing typically 18 wt% of chromium and 8 wt% of nickel. The other possible option for the composition of the intermediate layer is the known austenitic manganese alloys like for example the Hadfield Steel with more that 12 wt% of manganese content .
The thickness of the joining metallic intermediate layer can be conveniently set from 0.5 % to 25 % of the total thickness of the steel armour according to the invention. The thicknesses of the external front-face ballistic-resistance armou layer exposed to ballistic loads and the backing armour layer can be either equal to each other or they can differ to achieve the -most, convenient properties of the sandwich as the whole. The basic configuration of the invention represents the multilayered steel armour formed by just the three layers, i.e. the sandwich with the simple joining metallic intermediate layer placed between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer and the backing armour layer.
However, the alternative implementation of the herein invention can use more that just these three basic layers. Between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer and the backing armour layer at least one more extra internal armour layer is inserted. If this is the case, all the inserted internal armour layers are joined and sandwiched together using the above described joining metallic intermediate layers as per herein described invention.
The inserted internal armour layers used to achieve the most convenient properties of the entire structure are made from steel containing 0.2 wt% to 0.9 wt% of carbon, 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% of chromium, 0.3 wt% to 4.5 wt% of nickel, 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% of molybdenum 0,1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of silicon and no more than about 0.01 wt% of boron, the reminder being iron and other accompanying elements and impurities .
When implementing this alternative mode of the hereby described invention the thicknesses of the inserted internal armour layers can be either equal to each other or they can mutually differ and the sum total of the thicknesses of all inserted armour layers and the corresponding joining metallic intermediate layers represents 1.5 % to 60 % of the total thickness of multilayered steel armour according to the invention. The multilayered steel armour made to the specifications of the herein described invention result into compact armour structure with extremely high level of adhesion, strong metallurgical bond of the individual layers . The advantages of such composed structures manifest themselves in particular during giving these materials desired shape and during the thermal treatment of these materials and products. The joining metallic intermediale layer (or layers as case may be) due to their high plasticity eliminates deformations due to structural, thermal and dimensional changes taking place in the individual armour layers .
In addition to the above advantage of the multilayered steel armour according to the invention the other substantial advantage of these armoured plates manifest itself in the realm of their ability to withstand ■e'x'"-ΛtSrfee.mes of balli.stic loads. The j.oi.ni.ng metallic intermediate layer represents an efficient barrier in the way of propagation of cracks between the individual armour layers whereby significantly enhancing the overall structural integrity of the armour.
The multilayered steel armour can be created using all the known and widely used technologies such as multilayered casting and forming, plating, cladding, welding, rolling at elevated temperatures, etc. Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will be further clarified in more detail using the schematic drawings, where is:
Fig. 1 - multilayered steel armour with three layers Fig. 2 - multilayered steel armour with seven layers
Description of the Prefered Embodiment
Example 1
Multilayered steel armour according to this example, as in Fig. 1, comprises from the front-face ballistic-resistant layer 1 and from the backing armour layer 2 .
The front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is made from steel alloy containing 0.66 wt% of carbon, 0.40 wt% of silicone, 0.40 wt% of manganese, no more than about 0.010 wt% of phosphorus, no more than about 0.010 wt% of sulfur, 1.20 wt% of chromium, 0.20 wt% of nickel, 0.20 wt% of vanadium, 1.90 wt% of tungsten, while the rest is iron and other accompanying elements and impurities.
The backing armour layer 2 is made from the steel alloy containing 0.30 wt% of carbon, 1.60 wt% of silicone, 1.40 wt% of manganese, no more than about 0.010 wt% of phosphorus, no more than about 0.008 wt% of sulfur, 0.40 wt% of chromium, 1.20 wt% of nickel, the rest is iron and other accompanying elements and impurities . There is the joining metallic intermediate layer 3 located between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer l and the backing armour layer 2. This joining metallic intermediate layer 3. is the austenitic FCC crystalline lattice structure containing 71.0 wt% of nickel, 16.0 wt% of chromium, 3.0 wt% of manganese, 1.0 wt% of molybdenum, 2.0 wt% of niobium, 6.0 wt% of iron and the rest being the accompanying elements and common impurities.
The overall thickness t of this multilayered steel armour is 10 millimeters. The thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is 4.7 millimeters, the thickness £ of the backing armour layer 2 is also 4.7 millimeters and the thickness t of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3. is 0.6 millimeters, which represents 6 % of the overall thickness it of the multilayered steel armour.
The multilayered steel armour of this example is manufactured using the technology of explosive cladding and subsequent rolling at elevated temperature .
Example 2
Multilayered steel armour in this example represents the alternative implementation of the multilayered steel armour from the first example with the changed material of the inserted joining metallic intermediate layer 3.. The material of this layer 3 was changed to the austenitic structure containing 10.6 wt% of nickel, 16.7 wt% of chromium, 2.2 wt% of molybdenum, 1.7 wt% of manganese, 0.5 wt% of silicone, 0.4 wt% of titanium, 0.03 wt% of carbon with the rest being iron and other usual admixtures and impurities .
This multilayered steel armour is prepared using the technology of multilayered casting, which is followed by the elevated temperature rolling process. The total thickness t of this multilayered steel armour is 7.5 millimeters, the thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistance armour layer 1 is 3.5 millimeters, the thickness t of the backing armour layer 2 is 3.6 millimeters and the thickness t of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3 is 0.4 millimeters, representing 5.3 % of the overall thickness t of the steel armour.
Example 3
The multilayered steel armour in this (third) example also represents the alternative implementation of the multilayered steel armour of the type introduced in the example 1. The difference is in a different composition of the joining metallic intermediate layer 3. joining the armour layer 1,2.. The material of this layer 3. is the austenitic structure containing 12.5 wt% of manganese, 1.3 wt% of carbon, 0.4 wt% of silicone while the rest is iron, other accompanying elements and usual impurities .
The total thickness t. of this multilayered steel armour as well as the thickness of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 and the thickness t2 of the backing armour layer 2 and finally the thickness t3 of the joining metallic intermediate layer .3 are identical to thicknesses of the example 2. Example 4
The multilayered steel armour, as in Fig. 2 is formed by the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 and the backing armour layer 2 , having the same chemical composition as the corresponding layers 1,2 of the example 1. Between the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 and the backing armour layer 2 are sandwiched two additional internal armour layers 4 and 5. and the corresponding joining metallic intermediate layers 3., which are located between all the armour layers 1,2., 4, 5 present in the sandwich.
The joining metallic intermediate layers 3 are the austenitic FCC crystalline structures containing 9.0 wt% of nickel, 17.5 wt% of chromium, 1.9 wt% of manganese, 0.6 wt% of silicone, 0.4 wt% of titanium, 0.06 wt% of carbon, while the rest being iron and the common accompanying elements and impurities.
The first inserted internal armour layer 4 is formed by the steel alloy containing 0.45 wt% of carbon, 0.70 wt% of manganese, 0.23 wt% of silicone, 0.50 wt% of chromium, 2.0 wt% of nickel, 0.35 wt% of molybdenum while the rest is iron and other common accompanying elements and impurities.
The second inserted internal armour layer 5 is formed by the steel alloy containing 0.26 wt% of carbon, 1.0 wt% of manganese, 1.19 wt% of silicone, 0.37 wt% of chromium, 0.95 wt of nickel, 0,27 wt% of molybdenum, 0.006 wt% of niobium while the rest is iron and other common accompanying elements and impurities. The total thickness t of the steel armour is 12.0 millimeters. The thickness t of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer 1 is 3 millimeters and the thickness t of the backing armour layer 2 is also 3 millimeters. The thicknesses of all joining metallic intermediate layers 3. are 0.4 millimeters. The thickness t of the first internal armour layer 4 is 2.5 millimeters and the thickness t of the second internal armour layer 5 is 2.3 millimeters. Thus, the sum total of the thicknesses —t3 of all inserted joining metallic intermediate layers 3. and the thicknesses t , t of the two inserted internal armour layers 4 and 5. is 6.0 millimeters, i.e. 50 % of the total thickness t of the multilayered steel armour.
The multilayered steel armour presented in this example was produced using the technology of welding of its individual armour layers , 2 , 4 and 5. together with the joining metallic intermediate layers 3. and subsequent rolling of the sandwich at elevated temperature .
Field of the Aplication
Multilayered steel armour plates produced in accordance with the herein presented invention find a wide variety of applications especially in products of defense industry where the prime interest is to ascertain the high level of ballistic resistance of the armoured parts and simultaneously maintaining their structural integrity.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. The multilayered steel armour consisting of the front-face ballistic-resistant armour layer (1) and the backing armour layer (2) , characterized by the fact, that between the ballistic-resistant face layer (1) and the backing layer (2) at least one additional joining metallic intermediate layer (3) is situated.
2. The multilayered steel armour according to claim 1 characterized by the fact, that the joining metallic intermediate layer (3) is made from the metal having its crystalline lattice arranged in FCC manner (face-centered cube lattice) .
3. The multilayered steel armour according to claim 2 characterized by the fact, that the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer (3) is pure nickel containing from 98.0 wt% to 99.99 wt% of nickel, the rest being impurities of some kind or the other elements.
4. The multilayered steel armour according to claim 2 characterized by the fact, that the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer (3) contains between 50.0 wt% and 98.0 wt% of nickel, between 0.1 wt% and 45.0 wt% of at least one of the alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, manganese, niobium, titanium, iron and the rest making some other accompanying elements and usual impurities .
. The multilayered steel armour according to claim 2 characterized by the fact, that the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer (3) contains between 5.0 wt% and 50.0 wt% of nickel, in total between 0.1 wt% and 40.0 wt% of chromium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium and titanium in the role of alloying elements, while the rest of the content is iron and other accompanying elements and usual impurities.
6. The multilayered steel armour according to claim 2 characterized by the fact, that the material of the joining metallic intermediate layer (3) contains from 8.0 wt% to 30.0 wt% of manganese, in total from 0.1 wt% to 30.0 wt% of chromium, nickel, vanadium, silicone and carbon in the role of alloying elements while the rest is represented by iron and other accompanying elements and usual impurities .
7. The multilayered steel armour according to at least one of the previous claims, characterized by the fact, that the thickness of the joining metallic intermediate layer (3) is between 0.5 % and 25 % of the total thickness of the steel armour.
8. The multilayered steel armour according to at least one of the previous claims, characterized by the fact, that there is at least one additional internal armour layer (4,5) placed between the front-face ballistic-resistant layer (1) and the backing armour layer (2) while the joining metallic intermediate layers (3) are arranged between all the armour layers (1,2,4,5).
9. The multilayered steel armour according to claim 8 characterized by the fact, that the inserted internal armour layer (4,5) is formed from steel containing from 0.2 wt% to 0.9 wt% of carbon, from 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of manganese, from 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% of chromium, from 0.3 wt% to 4.5 wt% of nickel, from 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% of molybdenum, from 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt% of silicone and no more that about 0.01 wt% of boron while the rest is formed by iron and other accompanying elements and usual impurities .
10. The multilayered steel armour according to at least one of previous claims 8, 9, characterized by the fact, that the sum total of all thicknesses of inserted internal armour layers (4,5) and joining metallic intermediate layers (3) is between 1.5 % and 60 % of the total thickness of the steel armour.
EP03776790A 2002-12-17 2003-12-15 Multilayered steel armour Withdrawn EP1573264A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ24127 2002-12-17
CZ20024127A CZ297337B6 (en) 2002-12-17 2002-12-17 Multilayer steel armor
PCT/CZ2003/000070 WO2004055467A1 (en) 2002-12-17 2003-12-15 Multilayered steel armour

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1573264A1 true EP1573264A1 (en) 2005-09-14

Family

ID=32514468

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03776790A Withdrawn EP1573264A1 (en) 2002-12-17 2003-12-15 Multilayered steel armour

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1573264A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003286090A1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ297337B6 (en)
WO (1) WO2004055467A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE511626T1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2011-06-15 Saab Ab REACTIVE BALLISTIC ARMOR PLATE
RU2340434C1 (en) * 2007-04-16 2008-12-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения имени В.В.Бахирева " (ОАО "ГосНИИмаш") Method of manufacturing of multilayered armoured composition
RU2560472C2 (en) * 2013-08-08 2015-08-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Making of sandwiched material
EP3115134A1 (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-11 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH Method of producing a multi-layer composite sheet comprising a multi-layer composite metal material and an existing composite sheet, multilayer composite sheet and use of such a composite sheet
US10563537B2 (en) 2016-02-05 2020-02-18 United Technologies Corporation Energy absorbing beam and sandwich panel structure
RU2688791C1 (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-05-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Method of producing wear-resistant coating on surface of titanium plate
RU2688792C1 (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-05-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Method of producing wear-resistant coatings on surfaces of titanium plate
RU2700441C1 (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-09-17 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Method of producing copper-nickel coating on surfaces of titanium plate
EP4394077A1 (en) * 2022-12-30 2024-07-03 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Steel alloy, article of manufacture and method

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189706784A (en) * 1897-03-15 1897-06-19 Jean Werth Improvements in the Manufacture of Armour and similar Protective Plates.
US2562467A (en) * 1946-05-14 1951-07-31 United States Steel Corp Armor plate and method for making same
FR2106939A5 (en) * 1970-09-30 1972-05-05 Creusot Forges Ateliers Weldable clad steel sheet - for armour plate
ATA109386A (en) * 1986-04-23 1993-06-15 Voest Alpine Stahl Linz TANK PANEL
DE4344711C2 (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-11-09 Daimler Benz Ag Protective plate
US7082868B2 (en) * 2001-03-15 2006-08-01 Ati Properties, Inc. Lightweight armor with repeat hit and high energy absorption capabilities

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004055467A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004055467A1 (en) 2004-07-01
AU2003286090A1 (en) 2004-07-09
CZ297337B6 (en) 2006-11-15
CZ20024127A3 (en) 2004-08-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1377788B1 (en) Lightweight armor with repeat hit and high energy absorption capabilities
US20060266207A1 (en) Multilayered steel armour
KR101314360B1 (en) Steel compositions, methods of forming the same, and articles formed therefrom
US6357332B1 (en) Process for making metallic/intermetallic composite laminate materian and materials so produced especially for use in lightweight armor
Olson et al. Innovations in ultrahigh-strength steel technology
AU2002250362A1 (en) Lightweight armor with repeat hit and high energy absorption capabilities
JPH08320198A (en) Manufacture of armor plate made of steel and armor
EP1633558B1 (en) Layered metallic material formed from iron based glass alloys
Singh et al. Future armour materials and technologies for combat platforms
US4426429A (en) Aluminium alloys composite plates
EP1573264A1 (en) Multilayered steel armour
GB2336807A (en) Ceramic sandwich material for ballistic protection
US20140076140A1 (en) Armor panel
TW202043500A (en) Steel product with high energy absorption capability in the event of an impact-like load and use of such a steel product
CN117048146A (en) Multicomponent composite aluminum alloy/ceramic protective material and preparation method thereof
US12247811B2 (en) Armor plate, armor plate composite and armor
JPH0584440B2 (en)
RU2296288C2 (en) Multilayered armored obstacle for means of individual protection
KR20160127193A (en) Material for warhead body for bunkerbuster and warhead body for bunkerbuster
JPH0324317B2 (en)
CN121403772A (en) A titanium alloy sheet resistant to projectile impact, its preparation method and application
EP2555891B1 (en) Composite system
RU2340434C1 (en) Method of manufacturing of multilayered armoured composition
CN121290866A (en) A steel plate resistant to projectile impact, its preparation method and application
EP2072944A1 (en) Hard armour with amophous metallic sheet

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20050707

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20111229

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20120509