EP1568858B1 - Electromagnetic valve drive for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Electromagnetic valve drive for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1568858B1
EP1568858B1 EP05300061A EP05300061A EP1568858B1 EP 1568858 B1 EP1568858 B1 EP 1568858B1 EP 05300061 A EP05300061 A EP 05300061A EP 05300061 A EP05300061 A EP 05300061A EP 1568858 B1 EP1568858 B1 EP 1568858B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
pallet
magnetic circuit
magnets
magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05300061A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1568858A2 (en
EP1568858A3 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Sedda
Christophe Fageon
Christian Chillet
Jean-Paul Yonnet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication of EP1568858A2 publication Critical patent/EP1568858A2/en
Publication of EP1568858A3 publication Critical patent/EP1568858A3/en
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Publication of EP1568858B1 publication Critical patent/EP1568858B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuation device for valve (s) for an internal combustion engine.
  • valves at least one per cylinder, for the admission or exhaust of gases. These valves are controlled in synchronism with the operation of the engine. Their opening or closing moment must be controlled very precisely.
  • These electromechanical type control devices for opening or closing valve comprise a pallet or magnetic plate cooperating with one or two electromagnets and springs.
  • the palette is moves between the two electromagnets.
  • One end of the stroke of the pallet corresponds to the closed position of the valve and the other end of the stroke corresponds to the open position.
  • a spring is compressed and another spring is relaxed.
  • the electromagnet is used to hold the pallet in each end position while the springs help move the pallet from one end of its stroke to the other.
  • a particularly simple type of actuating device has been described in the European Patent No. 1,174,596 .
  • This device is represented on the figure 1 .
  • a single electromagnet 1 inside which is disposed a permanent magnet 5.
  • the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet comprises in section, symmetrically with respect to the axis of a rod 16, a on the other hand, two branches 8 and 9 against the ends of which comes into contact a magnetic paddle 15 for the closed position of the valve 17 and, on the other hand, branches 10 and 11 against the ends of which the paddle is applied for the position open of the valve.
  • the magnetic induction created by the permanent magnet 5 holds the pallet 15 in each of the end positions, either against the ends of the branches 8 and 9, or against the ends of the branches 10 and 11.
  • a coil 2 is fed around a branch of the magnetic circuit so as to create a field magnetic which opposes the effect of the magnet.
  • the compressed spring pushes the pallet 15 towards the other end position.
  • the compressed spring 18 pushes the pallet 15 towards the ends of the branches 10 and 11.
  • This actuator is particularly simple and the consumption of electrical energy is low.
  • this structure has a size hardly compatible with the compactness sought for the production of motors.
  • the starting is difficult from the halfway position which corresponds to the position of equilibrium of the springs.
  • the object of the invention is to allow the realization of a polarized (i.e. permanent magnet) type of actuation device of reduced size and which is easily manufactured in large series.
  • the actuating device comprises two substantially C-shaped ferromagnetic parts located in different planes and separated by two permanent magnets whose magnetic fields are substantially parallel and in the same direction, the planes of the two ferromagnetic parts in C being parallel or forming an acute angle, the pallet being arranged to be able to move between the ends of said branches of the two C parts and a coil is wound around a branch of each C, preferably around the main branch, the windings of these two coils being in sense inverses.
  • the C magnetic parts have good rigidity, which is important for motor vehicle parts.
  • the magnet or magnets are (are) between the C magnetic pieces, they can (or can) extend in a larger volume than in the known structure. As a result, the remanent field of the magnet (or magnets) may be lower. In addition, the structure may be such that the magnet can be easily replaced.
  • the structure of the actuating device is also such that the pallet is of a size and therefore of reduced weight.
  • the C-shaped magnetic parts are made of laminated sheets.
  • the device comprises a second magnet connecting the lateral faces opposite the two parts.
  • the first and / or second coil is, for example, on a branch opposite to the open leg of the first or second portion.
  • the magnet (or magnets) has at least one slice (52, 54) substantially co-planar with slices of the two parts of the magnetic circuit.
  • the two parts of the magnetic circuit are preferably made of laminated sheet metal.
  • the pallet has two end portions each of which has the same shape and dimensions as the corresponding end slices of the open branches of the parts of the magnetic circuit in C.
  • Each of the two parts of the magnetic circuit has, according to one embodiment, a substantially flat shape and these two flat parts, separated by one or two magnets, are substantially parallel.
  • the two parts of the magnetic circuit may be substantially identical and arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane parallel to these two parts.
  • the two full branches of each C part of the magnetic circuit are opposite each other in projection on a plane parallel to the two parts.
  • each of the two parts of the magnetic circuit has a substantially flat shape and these two flat parts are separated by one or two magnets and form between them an acute angle so that the distance separating the ends of the open branches of the C is more weak than the distance separating the large branches from the parts in C.
  • each of the two parts of the circuit C-magnet has a first section of substantially flat shape and parallel to the corresponding section of the other part, the magnet or the magnets being disposed between these two parallel sections and a second section of shape and disposition such that the distance separating the ends of the open branches of the C is lower than the distance separating the large branches of the two parts in C.
  • At least one face of the pallet may have at least one shoulder to which corresponds a shoulder of an end of an open branch of a portion of the circuit C.
  • the shoulder may extend in a rectilinear or curvilinear direction.
  • the pallet may have a general rectangular, orthogonal or circular shape.
  • the section of the magnet or magnets in contact with the two magnetic circuit portions is for example greater than the section of the ends of the two open branches of the two C parts of the magnetic circuit.
  • the magnet or magnets are (are) ferrite.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly of at least two valve actuating devices arranged so that the coils of the two actuating devices are spaced from each other.
  • the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising at least one actuating device of the type defined above.
  • the valve actuator shown on the figures 2 and 3 comprises a magnetic circuit formed of two parts 30 and 32 each of which has the general shape of a C. These two magnetic parts 30 and 32 are made of laminated sheet and are identical. Each of them has a branch central, around which is wound a coil 34, 36. These two coils have windings that generate magnetic fields in opposite directions.
  • This pallet cooperates with rods and a valve stem as well as with springs as described in connection with the figure 1 . These elements were therefore not represented on the figures 2 and 3 .
  • the two parts 30 and 32 have flat lateral faces. They are arranged parallel to each other and, in the example, so that the four edges of the wafer are aligned. For example, the edge 44 1 of the piece 30 is aligned with the edge 44 2 of the piece 32.
  • the actuating device comprises two permanent magnets, respectively 46 and 48, which are identical and whose magnetizations are in the same direction.
  • Each of the magnets has a slice in the same plane as the top or bottom edge of the C-pieces and another slice in the same plane as the outer edge of the C-pieces.
  • the upper edge 52 of the magnet 46 is coplanar. with the upper brackets parts 30 and 32 and the outer vertical edge 54 of the magnet 46 is coplanar with the vertical outer edge of the C parts 30 and 32.
  • Both magnets 46 and 48 play a similar role in the creation of the bias magnetic field.
  • a single magnet 46 for example is used which can be made by a single magnet or by several magnets magnetized in the same direction.
  • magnets 46 and 48 are also of moderate thickness.
  • This device is easily industrializable by making magnetic pieces of laminated material. Relatively low remanent field magnets can be used because, compared to the magnet shown on the figure 1 they occupy a substantially larger volume.
  • the magnets are not surrounded by the coils 34 and 36 and are accessible from outside the structure. As a result, they are easily replaceable.
  • the actuator is installed in the direction shown, its bulk in the direction f 1 ( figure 2 ) is low, which makes it possible to use it in combination with another actuator of the same type for a multi-valve motor in which the distance between the valves is relatively small.
  • the structure is such that the pallet 40 has a small footprint and therefore a low mass, which minimizes the energy operation of the device.
  • One advantage of making the magnetic parts 30 and 32 of laminated sheet lies in the fact that the induction created by the coils 34 and 36 is in the plane of these sheets (as shown in FIG. figure 2 ) and, consequently, the currents induced are in the perpendicular direction, that is to say they are cut by the open circuits between sheets.
  • the magnetic fields produced by the magnets 46 and 48 are represented by double arrows while the magnetic fields produced by the coils 34 and 36 are represented by a simple arrow.
  • the magnetic flux created by the magnets is added to the pallet 40.
  • the magnetic polarization circuit created by the magnets
  • the magnetic induction B a is maximum while in the lower gap, between the pallet 40 and the circuits C 30 and 32, the magnetic induction created by the magnets is zero.
  • the magnets 46 and 48 play a similar role in the creation of the bias magnetic field.
  • a single magnet 46 for example is used which can be realized by a single magnet or by several magnets magnetized in the same direction.
  • the magnetic flux created by the coils 34, 36 passes through the closed gap and an air gap 52 of the order of 8 mm. As a result, the induction created by the coils remains low but sufficient to allow operation. In addition, part of the flux of the coils closes directly between the magnetic laminated circuits at the magnets 46 and 48.
  • the figure 5 shows a variant in which, as in the embodiment shown on the figures 2 and 3 , the two magnetic circuits C 30 1 and 32 1 are flat parts also laminated sheet and these flat parts are in substantially parallel planes. However, unlike the embodiment shown on the figures 2 and 3 , the main branches are not close but opposite. It is the same with the coils 34 1 , 36 1 .
  • the magnets 46 1 and 48 1 have substantially the width of the open branches of the C and connect the facing faces of these C.
  • the magnet 46 1 has an upper edge 60 aligned with the upper edge 62 of the part 30 1 on the side of the open branch of C.
  • the other edge upper 64 of the magnet 46 1 is aligned with the upper edge 66 of the C side of the part 32 1 .
  • the magnet 48 1 is arranged in a similar manner to the magnet 46 1 . However, it has an opening (not shown) to pass the valve stem or the stem of the pallet 42 1 , this tail or this rod is not also represented on the figure 5 .
  • the embodiment shown on the Figures 6, 7 and 8 differs from the one shown on the figures 2 and 3 in that the magnetic parts 30 2 and 32 2 are not parallel but form an acute angle so that they are close to the side of the open branch of the C in order to minimize the size and thus the mass of the pallet 42 2 .
  • two magnets are provided having, in section parallel to the flat part of the palette, a trapezoidal shape. These magnets carry the references 72 and 74.
  • the coils 76 and 78 are wound around the central part of the full branch of each C-piece.
  • the pallet 42 2 has, in the example, in plan a shape adapted to that of the ends facing the open branches of the C-shaped parts.
  • the part 42 2 has a central part 76 in the shape of a trapezium, the sides of which Parallels are the short sides of rectangles, respectively 78, 80.
  • the rectangle 78 corresponds to the facing ends 82 1 , 82 2 of the open branches of the C of the part 2 and the rectangle 80 corresponds to the corresponding ends for the part 32 2 .
  • the mass of the pallet can be further reduced by an optimization of the surfaces facing the magnetic circuits.
  • the small size of the pallet makes it possible to install the valve actuator for engines with a small valve gap. It is also possible, with this embodiment, to maximize the power of the actuating device for a given spacing between valves. In addition, the magnets are thick, which makes it possible to confer significant efforts to hold the magnets in the open position of the valve or in the closed position of the valve.
  • each C-shaped circuit has two parts forming between them an obtuse angle, namely a first part 92 comprising the solid branch around which is wound the corresponding coil 94 and the beginning 96 perpendicular branches and, secondly, a portion 98 having the open branch of C (not shown) between which moves the pallet 100 ( Figures 9 and 10 ).
  • the pallet 100 has a trapezoidal shape as shown on the figure 10 , its two ends corresponding to the parallelogram-shaped ends 102 and 104 of the free ends of the open branches of C.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown on the figure 11 is different from that shown on the figure 3 in that the ends 106, 108 and 110, 112 of the open branches of each magnetic piece C form beaks so that these ends are closer to one another than the magnetic parts. Under these conditions, the pallet 114 may be smaller in size.
  • the magnetic pallet 116 has shoulders 118 and 120 and the ends of the open branches of the C-shaped parts comprise corresponding shoulders.
  • the purpose of this arrangement is to linearize the attraction force of the magnetic parts on the pallet 116 as a function of the gap.
  • the pallet 116 has a greater thickness in its central part and smaller thicknesses at the ends thus providing four shoulders 118, 120, 118 1 , 120 1 .
  • the ends of the C-shaped magnetic parts have complementary shoulders.
  • the end 122 of one of the open branches 124 of a magnetic piece C 126 has a shoulder 128 intended to come opposite the corresponding shoulder 118 when the pallet is drawn upwards.
  • the shoulders 118, 120 and the shoulders 118 1 and 128 1 are rectilinear, while in the example shown in FIG. figure 14 , the shoulders 118 ', 120' are curved. It is of course also the corresponding shoulders on the ends of the magnetic parts in "C".
  • the palette is no longer sensitive to angular offsets of this palette.
  • the shape of the pallet is not limited to that described. So, we have shown on the figure 15 another example in which the palette has an octagonal section. Such an octagonal pallet will also be preferred to a rectangular pallet because with such a geometry, it can be shown that for the same mass, the forces exerted on the pallet are greater than in the case of a pallet of rectangular shape. It is also possible to reduce the mass of the pallet with identical force of attraction.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d illustrate arrangements for using low-remanent magnetization magnets, including ferrite magnets, while generating high induction levels in the magnetic circuit and in the air gap to optimize the pulling force and to minimize the mass of the magnetic circuit.
  • the principle of flux concentration is used, which consists in conferring a section S a ( figure 3b ) of magnet greater than the section of ferromagnetic circuits S f ( Figures 3a, 3c and 3d ) and that of the air gaps.
  • the length of the pallet is reduced in the same proportion as the distance separating the external lateral faces of the two magnetic pieces.
  • the figure 17 is a figure similar to that of the figure 16 but in the case where two control devices 136 and 138 of the type shown on the figure 5 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a magnetic circuit comprising two non-coplanar ferromagnetic parts (30, 32) each in C form with an open branch (38). The branch provides a space (40) in which a magnetic blade (42) that moves in the space is provided, and the ferromagnetic parts have central branch around which coils (34, 36) are wound. The parts are arranged so that corresponding ends of the open branch are coplanar. An independent claim is also included for an internal combustion engine.

Description

L'invention est relative à un dispositif d'action-nement électromagnétique de soupape(s) pour moteur à combustion interne.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuation device for valve (s) for an internal combustion engine.

On sait qu'un moteur à combustion interne comporte des soupapes, au moins une par cylindre, pour l'admission ou l'échappement des gaz. Ces soupapes sont commandées en synchronisme avec le fonctionnement du moteur. Leur moment d'ouverture ou de fermeture doit être contrôlé de façon très précise.It is known that an internal combustion engine has valves, at least one per cylinder, for the admission or exhaust of gases. These valves are controlled in synchronism with the operation of the engine. Their opening or closing moment must be controlled very precisely.

Jusqu'à présent, la commande d'ouverture ou de fermeture des soupapes est effectuée principalement de façon mécanique. Mais depuis quelques années, on a proposé une commande d'ouverture ou de fermeture de soupape de type électromécanique qui permet une simplification de la réalisation du moteur et des fonctions supplémentaires de commande du moteur puisque la commande des soupapes peut être effectuée à volonté grâce à des moyens électroniques de commande, indépendamment de la structure du moteur.Until now, the opening or closing control of the valves is carried out mainly mechanically. But in recent years, it has been proposed an electromechanical type opening or closing valve command that allows a simplification of the realization of the engine and additional engine control functions since the control of the valves can be performed at will thanks to electronic control means, independently of the motor structure.

Ces dispositifs de commande de type électromécanique d'ouverture ou fermeture de soupape comportent une palette ou plateau magnétique coopérant avec un ou deux électroaimants et des ressorts. La palette se déplace entre les deux électroaimants. Une extrémité de la course de la palette correspond à la position fermée de la soupape et l'autre extrémité de la course correspond à la position ouverte. Dans chacune des positions d'extrémité, un ressort est comprimé et un autre ressort est détendu. L'électroaimant sert à maintenir la palette dans chaque position d'extrémité alors que les ressorts aident au déplacement de la palette d'une extrémité de sa course à l'autre.These electromechanical type control devices for opening or closing valve comprise a pallet or magnetic plate cooperating with one or two electromagnets and springs. The palette is moves between the two electromagnets. One end of the stroke of the pallet corresponds to the closed position of the valve and the other end of the stroke corresponds to the open position. In each of the end positions, a spring is compressed and another spring is relaxed. The electromagnet is used to hold the pallet in each end position while the springs help move the pallet from one end of its stroke to the other.

Un type de dispositif d'actionnement particulièrement simple a été décrit dans le brevet européen n° 1 174 596 . Ce dispositif est représenté sur la figure 1. Dans cette réalisation connue, on prévoit un seul électroaimant 1 à l'intérieur duquel est disposé un aimant permanent 5. Le circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant comporte en coupe, symétriquement par rapport à l'axe d'une tige 16, d'une part, deux branches 8 et 9 contre les extrémités desquelles vient en contact une palette magnétique 15 pour la position fermée de la soupape 17 et, d'autre part, des branches 10 et 11 contre les extrémités desquelles la palette s'applique pour la position ouverte de la soupape.A particularly simple type of actuating device has been described in the European Patent No. 1,174,596 . This device is represented on the figure 1 . In this known embodiment, there is provided a single electromagnet 1 inside which is disposed a permanent magnet 5. The magnetic circuit of the electromagnet comprises in section, symmetrically with respect to the axis of a rod 16, a on the other hand, two branches 8 and 9 against the ends of which comes into contact a magnetic paddle 15 for the closed position of the valve 17 and, on the other hand, branches 10 and 11 against the ends of which the paddle is applied for the position open of the valve.

L'induction magnétique créée par l'aimant permanent 5 maintient la palette 15 dans chacune des positions d'extrémité, soit contre les extrémités des branches 8 et 9, soit contre les extrémités des branches 10 et 11.The magnetic induction created by the permanent magnet 5 holds the pallet 15 in each of the end positions, either against the ends of the branches 8 and 9, or against the ends of the branches 10 and 11.

Pour passer d'une position à l'autre, on alimente une bobine 2 enroulée autour d'une branche du circuit magnétique de façon à créer un champ magnétique qui s'oppose à l'effet de l'aimant. Dans ces conditions, le ressort comprimé repousse la palette 15 vers l'autre position d'extrémité. Dans la position représentée sur la figure 1, le ressort 18 comprimé repousse la palette 15 vers les extrémités des branches 10 et 11.To move from one position to another, a coil 2 is fed around a branch of the magnetic circuit so as to create a field magnetic which opposes the effect of the magnet. Under these conditions, the compressed spring pushes the pallet 15 towards the other end position. In the position shown on the figure 1 , the compressed spring 18 pushes the pallet 15 towards the ends of the branches 10 and 11.

La structure de ce dispositif d'actionnement est particulièrement simple et la consommation en énergie électrique est faible. Cependant, cette structure présente un encombrement difficilement compatible avec la compacité recherchée pour la réalisation de moteurs. De plus, le démarrage est difficile à partir de la position mi-course qui correspond à la position d'équilibre des ressorts.The structure of this actuator is particularly simple and the consumption of electrical energy is low. However, this structure has a size hardly compatible with the compactness sought for the production of motors. In addition, the starting is difficult from the halfway position which corresponds to the position of equilibrium of the springs.

L'invention a pour but de permettre la réalisation d'un dispositif d'actionnement de type polarisé (c'est-à-dire à aimant permanent) d'encombrement réduit et qui soit aisément fabriqué en grande série.The object of the invention is to allow the realization of a polarized (i.e. permanent magnet) type of actuation device of reduced size and which is easily manufactured in large series.

Le dispositif d'actionnement selon l'invention comprend deux pièces ferromagnétiques sensiblement en forme de C se trouvant dans des plans différents et séparées par deux aimants permanents dont les champs magnétiques sont sensiblement parallèles et dans le même sens, les plans des deux pièces ferromagnétiques en C étant parallèles ou formant un angle aigu, la palette étant disposée pour pouvoir se déplacer entre les extrémités desdites branches des deux pièces en C et une bobine est enroulée autour d'une branche de chaque C, de préférence autour de la branche principale, les enroulements de ces deux bobines étant en sens inverses.The actuating device according to the invention comprises two substantially C-shaped ferromagnetic parts located in different planes and separated by two permanent magnets whose magnetic fields are substantially parallel and in the same direction, the planes of the two ferromagnetic parts in C being parallel or forming an acute angle, the pallet being arranged to be able to move between the ends of said branches of the two C parts and a coil is wound around a branch of each C, preferably around the main branch, the windings of these two coils being in sense inverses.

On comprend que, par rapport à la structure représentée sur la figure 1, l'encombrement est fortement diminué puisque avec la structure de l'invention, le circuit magnétique est replié autour de l'axe central, celui de la tige de soupape.It is understood that, with respect to the structure represented on the figure 1 Congestion is greatly reduced since with the structure of the invention, the magnetic circuit is folded around the central axis, that of the valve stem.

Les pièces magnétiques en C présentent une bonne rigidité, ce qui est important pour des pièces de véhicule automobile.The C magnetic parts have good rigidity, which is important for motor vehicle parts.

Etant donné que l'aimant ou les aimants se trouve(nt) entre les pièces magnétiques en C, il peut (ou ils peuvent) s'étendre dans un volume plus important que dans la structure connue. Il en résulte que le champ rémanent de l'aimant (ou des aimants) peut être plus faible. En outre, la structure peut être telle que l'aimant peut être remplacé aisément.Since the magnet or magnets are (are) between the C magnetic pieces, they can (or can) extend in a larger volume than in the known structure. As a result, the remanent field of the magnet (or magnets) may be lower. In addition, the structure may be such that the magnet can be easily replaced.

La structure du dispositif d'actionnement est également telle que la palette est d'un encombrement et donc d'un poids réduit.The structure of the actuating device is also such that the pallet is of a size and therefore of reduced weight.

Dans une réalisation préférée, les pièces magnétiques en C sont réalisées en tôles feuilletées.In a preferred embodiment, the C-shaped magnetic parts are made of laminated sheets.

L'invention concerne de façon générale un dispositif d'actionnement de soupape de moteur à combustion interne comprenant une palette magnétique commandant la position de la soupape et coopérant, à cet effet, avec au moins un circuit magnétique comportant au moins un aimant pour attirer la palette alternativement vers une première position d'extrémité pour laquelle la soupape est en position fermée et une seconde position d'extrémité pour laquelle la soupape est en position ouverte, au moins une bobine et des moyens élastiques, notamment à ressort(s), étant prévus pour commander le déplacement de la palette d'une position d'extrémité à l'autre qui est caractérisé en ce que :

  • le circuit magnétique comporte deux parties non-coplanaires dont chacune a une forme sensiblement en C,
  • une première bobine entoure la branche principale de la première partie,
  • une seconde bobine entoure la branche principale de la seconde partie,
  • au moins un aimant relie des faces latérales en regard des deux parties, et
  • les deux parties sont disposées de façon telle que les extrémités correspondantes des branches ouvertes soient sensiblement coplanaires, la palette magnétique étant disposée entre les paires d'extrémités.
The invention generally relates to an internal combustion engine valve actuating device comprising a magnetic pallet controlling the position of the valve and cooperating, for this purpose, with at least one magnetic circuit comprising at least one magnet to attract the pallet alternatively to a first end position for which the valve is in the closed position and a second end position for which the valve is in the open position, at least one coil and resilient means, in particular with spring (s), being provided to control the movement of the pallet an end position to the other which is characterized in that:
  • the magnetic circuit comprises two non-coplanar parts each of which has a shape substantially in C,
  • a first coil surrounds the main branch of the first part,
  • a second coil surrounds the main branch of the second part,
  • at least one magnet connects lateral faces opposite the two parts, and
  • the two parts are arranged so that the corresponding ends of the open branches are substantially coplanar, the magnetic pallet being disposed between the pairs of ends.

Dans un exemple, le dispositif comprend un second aimant reliant les faces latérales en regard des deux parties.In one example, the device comprises a second magnet connecting the lateral faces opposite the two parts.

La première et/ou la seconde bobine est, par exemple, sur une branche opposée à la branche ouverte de la première ou seconde partie.The first and / or second coil is, for example, on a branch opposite to the open leg of the first or second portion.

Dans une réalisation, l'aimant (ou les aimants) présente(nt) au moins une tranche (52, 54) sensiblement co-planaire avec des tranches des deux parties du circuit magnétique.In one embodiment, the magnet (or magnets) has at least one slice (52, 54) substantially co-planar with slices of the two parts of the magnetic circuit.

Les deux parties du circuit magnétique sont, de préférence, en tôle feuilletée.The two parts of the magnetic circuit are preferably made of laminated sheet metal.

Dans une réalisation, la palette présente deux parties d'extrémité dont chacune a la même forme et les mêmes dimensions que les tranches d'extrémités correspondantes des branches ouvertes des parties du circuit magnétique en C.In one embodiment, the pallet has two end portions each of which has the same shape and dimensions as the corresponding end slices of the open branches of the parts of the magnetic circuit in C.

Chacune des deux parties du circuit magnétique présente selon un mode de réalisation une forme sensiblement plane et ces deux parties planes, séparées par un ou deux aimants, sont sensiblement parallèles. Dans ce cas, les deux parties du circuit magnétique peuvent être pratiquement identiques et disposées symétriquement par rapport à un plan médian parallèle à ces deux parties. En variante, les deux branches pleines de chaque partie en C du circuit magnétique sont à l'opposé l'une de l'autre en projection sur un plan parallèle aux deux parties.Each of the two parts of the magnetic circuit has, according to one embodiment, a substantially flat shape and these two flat parts, separated by one or two magnets, are substantially parallel. In this case, the two parts of the magnetic circuit may be substantially identical and arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane parallel to these two parts. In a variant, the two full branches of each C part of the magnetic circuit are opposite each other in projection on a plane parallel to the two parts.

Suivant une réalisation, chacune des deux parties du circuit magnétique présente une forme sensiblement plane et ces deux parties planes sont séparées par un ou deux aimants et forment entre elles un angle aigu de façon que la distance séparant les extrémités des branches ouvertes du C soit plus faible que la distance séparant les grandes branches des parties en C.According to one embodiment, each of the two parts of the magnetic circuit has a substantially flat shape and these two flat parts are separated by one or two magnets and form between them an acute angle so that the distance separating the ends of the open branches of the C is more weak than the distance separating the large branches from the parts in C.

Suivant une autre réalisation, chacune des deux parties du circuit magnétique en C présente une première section de forme sensiblement plane et parallèle à la section correspondante de l'autre partie, l'aimant ou les aimants étant disposé(s) entre ces deux sections parallèles et une seconde section de forme et disposition telles que la distance séparant les extrémités des branches ouvertes du C soit plus faible que la distance séparant les grandes branches des deux parties en C.According to another embodiment, each of the two parts of the circuit C-magnet has a first section of substantially flat shape and parallel to the corresponding section of the other part, the magnet or the magnets being disposed between these two parallel sections and a second section of shape and disposition such that the distance separating the ends of the open branches of the C is lower than the distance separating the large branches of the two parts in C.

Au moins une face de la palette peut présenter au moins un épaulement auquel correspond un épaulement d'une extrémité d'une branche ouverte d'une partie du circuit en C. L'épaulement peut s'étendre selon une direction rectiligne ou curviligne.At least one face of the pallet may have at least one shoulder to which corresponds a shoulder of an end of an open branch of a portion of the circuit C. The shoulder may extend in a rectilinear or curvilinear direction.

La palette peut présenter une forme générale rectangulaire, orthogonale ou circulaire.The pallet may have a general rectangular, orthogonal or circular shape.

La section de l'aimant ou des aimants en contact avec les deux parties de circuit magnétique est par exemple supérieure à la section des extrémités des deux branches ouvertes des deux parties en C du circuit magnétique.The section of the magnet or magnets in contact with the two magnetic circuit portions is for example greater than the section of the ends of the two open branches of the two C parts of the magnetic circuit.

Dans une réalisation, l'aimant ou les aimants est (sont) en ferrite.In one embodiment, the magnet or magnets are (are) ferrite.

L'invention concerne aussi un ensemble d'au moins deux dispositifs d'actionnement de soupape disposés de façon telle que les bobines des deux dispositifs d'actionnement soient éloignées les unes des autres.The invention also relates to an assembly of at least two valve actuating devices arranged so that the coils of the two actuating devices are spaced from each other.

L'invention concerne également un moteur à combustion interne comprenant au moins un dispositif d'actionnement du type défini ci-dessus.The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising at least one actuating device of the type defined above.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront avec la description de certains de ses modes de réalisation, cette description étant effectuée en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1, déjà décrite, correspond à une structure de dispositif d'actionnement connue,
  • la figure 2 est un schéma en perspective d'un dispositif d'actionnement conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue selon la flèche f de la figure 2,
  • les figures 3a et 3b sont des coupes selon les lignes AA et BB respectivement de la figure 3,
  • les figures 3c et 3d sont des vues analogues à celles de la figure 3a illustrant un procédé d'optimisation d'une structure conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 4 est un schéma destiné à expliquer le fonctionnement du dispositif représenté sur les figures 2 et 3,
  • la figure 5 est un schéma en perspective, analogue à celui de la figure 2, pour une variante de dispositif selon l'invention,
  • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 3 pour une seconde variante,
  • la figure 7 est une vue selon la flèche f1 de la figure 6,
  • la figure 8 représente une réalisation de palette pour le dispositif montré sur les figures 6 et 7,
  • la figure 9 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 7 pour une variante,
  • la figure 10 représente une palette pour le dispositif montré sur la figure 9,
  • la figure 11 est également une vue analogue à celle de la figure 6 pour encore une autre variante,
  • la figure 12 est également une vue analogue à celle de la figure 6 pour une autre variante,
  • la figure 13 montre une palette pour le dispositif de la figure 12,
  • la figure 14 représente une autre configuration de palette pour le dispositif de la figure 12,
  • la figure 15 montre une autre réalisation de palette utilisable pour tous les dispositifs d'actionnement selon l'invention,
  • la figure 16 montre une structure conforme à l'invention d'implantation de deux dispositifs d'actionnement conformes à l'invention, et
  • les figures 17 et 18 sont des vues analogues à celles de la figure 16 pour des variantes.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent with the description of some of its embodiments, this description being made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 , already described, corresponds to a known actuating device structure,
  • the figure 2 is a perspective diagram of an actuating device according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 is a view according to the arrow f of the figure 2 ,
  • the Figures 3a and 3b are cuts along lines AA and BB respectively of the figure 3 ,
  • the Figures 3c and 3d are views similar to those of the figure 3a illustrating a method of optimizing a structure according to the invention,
  • the figure 4 is a diagram intended to explain the operation of the device represented on the figures 2 and 3 ,
  • the figure 5 is a perspective diagram, similar to that of the figure 2 for a variant of the device according to the invention,
  • the figure 6 is a view similar to that of the figure 3 for a second variant,
  • the figure 7 is a view according to the arrow f 1 of the figure 6 ,
  • the figure 8 represents a pallet realization for the device shown on the Figures 6 and 7 ,
  • the figure 9 is a view similar to that of the figure 7 for a variant,
  • the figure 10 represents a palette for the device shown on the figure 9 ,
  • the figure 11 is also a view similar to that of the figure 6 for yet another variant,
  • the figure 12 is also a view similar to that of the figure 6 for another variant,
  • the figure 13 shows a palette for the device of the figure 12 ,
  • the figure 14 represents another palette configuration for the device of the figure 12 ,
  • the figure 15 shows another embodiment of a pallet usable for all the actuating devices according to the invention,
  • the figure 16 shows a structure according to the invention for implantation of two actuating devices according to the invention, and
  • the Figures 17 and 18 are views similar to those of the figure 16 for variants.

L'actionneur de soupape représenté sur les figures 2 et 3 comprend un circuit magnétique formé de deux pièces 30 et 32 dont chacune a la forme générale d'un C. Ces deux pièces magnétiques 30 et 32 sont réalisées en tôle feuilletée et sont identiques. Chacune d'elles comporte une branche centrale autour de laquelle est enroulée une bobine 34, 36. Ces deux bobines présentent des enroulements qui génèrent des champs magnétiques en sens contraires.The valve actuator shown on the figures 2 and 3 comprises a magnetic circuit formed of two parts 30 and 32 each of which has the general shape of a C. These two magnetic parts 30 and 32 are made of laminated sheet and are identical. Each of them has a branch central, around which is wound a coil 34, 36. These two coils have windings that generate magnetic fields in opposite directions.

La branche ouverte 38 du C ménage un espace 40 dans lequel est disposée une palette magnétique 42 destinée à se déplacer dans cet espace (entrefer) 40 selon une direction parallèle aux branches principales du C.The open branch 38 of the C household space 40 in which is disposed a magnetic pallet 42 for moving in this space (air gap) 40 in a direction parallel to the main branches of C.

Cette palette coopère avec des tiges et une queue de soupape ainsi qu'avec des ressorts comme décrit en relation avec la figure 1. Ces éléments n'ont donc pas été représentés sur les figures 2 et 3.This pallet cooperates with rods and a valve stem as well as with springs as described in connection with the figure 1 . These elements were therefore not represented on the figures 2 and 3 .

Les deux pièces 30 et 32 ont des faces latérales planes. Elles sont disposées parallèlement l'une à l'autre et, dans l'exemple, de façon que les quatre arêtes de la tranche soient alignées. Par exemple l'arête 441 de la pièce 30 est alignée avec l'arête 442 de la pièce 32.The two parts 30 and 32 have flat lateral faces. They are arranged parallel to each other and, in the example, so that the four edges of the wafer are aligned. For example, the edge 44 1 of the piece 30 is aligned with the edge 44 2 of the piece 32.

Entre les faces en regard des pièces 30 et 32, le dispositif d'actionnement comporte deux aimants permanents, respectivement 46 et 48, qui sont identiques et dont les aimantations sont dans le même sens. Chacun des aimants présente une tranche dans le même plan que la tranche supérieure ou inférieure des pièces en C et une autre tranche dans le même plan que la tranche extérieure des pièces en C. Ainsi, la tranche supérieure 52 de l'aimant 46 est coplanaire avec les tranches supérieures des pièces 30 et 32 et la tranche verticale extérieure 54 de l'aimant 46 est coplanaire avec la tranche extérieure verticale des pièces en C 30 et 32.Between the facing faces of the parts 30 and 32, the actuating device comprises two permanent magnets, respectively 46 and 48, which are identical and whose magnetizations are in the same direction. Each of the magnets has a slice in the same plane as the top or bottom edge of the C-pieces and another slice in the same plane as the outer edge of the C-pieces. Thus, the upper edge 52 of the magnet 46 is coplanar. with the upper brackets parts 30 and 32 and the outer vertical edge 54 of the magnet 46 is coplanar with the vertical outer edge of the C parts 30 and 32.

Les deux aimants 46 et 48 jouent un rôle similaire dans la création du champ magnétique de polarisation. En variante, on utilise un seul aimant (46 par exemple) qui peut être réalisé par un aimant unique ou par plusieurs aimants aimantés dans la même direction.Both magnets 46 and 48 play a similar role in the creation of the bias magnetic field. Alternatively, a single magnet (46 for example) is used which can be made by a single magnet or by several magnets magnetized in the same direction.

On obtient ainsi une structure particulièrement compacte puisque les pièces magnétiques en C 30 et 32 peuvent être constituées à partir de plaques relativement peu épaisses. Les aimants 46 et 48 ont aussi une épaisseur modérée. Ce dispositif est aisément industrialisable en réalisant des pièces magnétiques en matériau feuilleté. On peut faire appel à des aimants de champ rémanent relativement faible car, par rapport à l'aimant représenté sur la figure 1, ils occupent un volume sensiblement plus important. En outre, dans la structure représentée sur la figure 2, les aimants ne sont pas entourés par les bobines 34 et 36 et sont accessibles de l'extérieur de la structure. Il en résulte qu'ils sont aisément remplaçables.This gives a particularly compact structure since the magnetic parts C 30 and 32 can be formed from relatively thin plates. Magnets 46 and 48 are also of moderate thickness. This device is easily industrializable by making magnetic pieces of laminated material. Relatively low remanent field magnets can be used because, compared to the magnet shown on the figure 1 they occupy a substantially larger volume. In addition, in the structure represented on the figure 2 the magnets are not surrounded by the coils 34 and 36 and are accessible from outside the structure. As a result, they are easily replaceable.

Si l'actionneur est installé dans la direction représentée, son encombrement dans la direction f1 (figure 2) est faible, ce qui permet de l'utiliser en combinaison avec un autre actionneur du même type pour un moteur à plusieurs soupapes dans lequel la distance entre les soupapes est relativement faible. En outre, la structure est telle que la palette 40 est d'un encombrement réduit et donc d'une masse faible, ce qui minimise l'énergie de fonctionnement du dispositif.If the actuator is installed in the direction shown, its bulk in the direction f 1 ( figure 2 ) is low, which makes it possible to use it in combination with another actuator of the same type for a multi-valve motor in which the distance between the valves is relatively small. In addition, the structure is such that the pallet 40 has a small footprint and therefore a low mass, which minimizes the energy operation of the device.

Un avantage de réaliser les pièces magnétiques 30 et 32 en tôle feuilletée réside dans le fait que l'induction créée par les bobines 34 et 36 est dans le plan de ces tôles (comme montré sur la figure 2) et, en conséquence, les courants induits sont dans la direction perpendiculaire, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont coupés par les circuits ouverts entre tôles.One advantage of making the magnetic parts 30 and 32 of laminated sheet lies in the fact that the induction created by the coils 34 and 36 is in the plane of these sheets (as shown in FIG. figure 2 ) and, consequently, the currents induced are in the perpendicular direction, that is to say they are cut by the open circuits between sheets.

On a montré sur la figure 3 la tige 50 solidaire de la palette 42 qui coopère avec la queue de soupape (non montrée sur les figures 2 et 3).We showed on the figure 3 the rod 50 secured to the pallet 42 which cooperates with the valve stem (not shown on the figures 2 and 3 ).

On va maintenant décrire, à l'aide de la figure 4, le fonctionnement du dispositif décrit en relation avec les figures 2 et 3.We will now describe, using the figure 4 , the operation of the device described in relation to the figures 2 and 3 .

Sur cette figure 4, les deux pièces magnétiques 30 et 32 ont été représentées dans le même plan et les aimants 46 et 48, entre les pièces magnétiques 30 et 32, sont également montrés dans le même plan.On this figure 4 the two magnetic pieces 30 and 32 have been shown in the same plane and the magnets 46 and 48 between the magnetic pieces 30 and 32 are also shown in the same plane.

Les champs magnétiques produits par les aimants 46 et 48 sont représentés par des doubles flèches tandis que les champs magnétiques produits par les bobines 34 et 36 sont représentés par une simple flèche.The magnetic fields produced by the magnets 46 and 48 are represented by double arrows while the magnetic fields produced by the coils 34 and 36 are represented by a simple arrow.

On voit que les flux magnétiques créés par les aimants s'ajoutent dans la palette 40. Ainsi, quand la palette 40 est en position haute (sur la figure 4), le circuit magnétique de polarisation (créé par les aimants) est complètement fermé et l'induction magnétique Ba est maximale tandis que dans l'entrefer inférieur, entre la palette 40 et les circuits en C 30 et 32, l'induction magnétique créée par les aimants est nulle.It can be seen that the magnetic flux created by the magnets is added to the pallet 40. Thus, when the pallet 40 is in the up position (on the figure 4 ), the magnetic polarization circuit (created by the magnets) is completely closed and the magnetic induction B a is maximum while in the lower gap, between the pallet 40 and the circuits C 30 and 32, the magnetic induction created by the magnets is zero.

Comme précédemment, les aimants 46 et 48 jouent un rôle similaire dans la création du champ magnétique de polarisation. En conséquence, on utilise un seul aimant (46 par exemple) qui peut être réalisé par un aimant unique ou par plusieurs aimants aimantés dans la même direction.As before, the magnets 46 and 48 play a similar role in the creation of the bias magnetic field. As a result, a single magnet (46 for example) is used which can be realized by a single magnet or by several magnets magnetized in the same direction.

Le flux magnétique créé par les bobines 34, 36 traverse l'entrefer fermé et un entrefer 52 de l'ordre de 8 mm. Il en résulte que l'induction créée par les bobines reste faible mais suffisante pour permettre le fonctionnement. De plus, une partie du flux des bobines se referme directement entre les circuits magnétiques feuilletés au niveau des aimants 46 et 48.The magnetic flux created by the coils 34, 36 passes through the closed gap and an air gap 52 of the order of 8 mm. As a result, the induction created by the coils remains low but sufficient to allow operation. In addition, part of the flux of the coils closes directly between the magnetic laminated circuits at the magnets 46 and 48.

La figure 5 montre une variante dans laquelle, comme dans la réalisation représentée sur les figures 2 et 3, les deux circuits magnétiques en C 301 et 321 sont des pièces plates également en tôle feuilletée et ces pièces plates sont dans des plans sensiblement parallèles. Toutefois, à la différence du mode de réalisation montré sur les figures 2 et 3, les branches principales ne sont pas rapprochées mais opposées. Il en est donc de même des bobines 341, 361.The figure 5 shows a variant in which, as in the embodiment shown on the figures 2 and 3 , the two magnetic circuits C 30 1 and 32 1 are flat parts also laminated sheet and these flat parts are in substantially parallel planes. However, unlike the embodiment shown on the figures 2 and 3 , the main branches are not close but opposite. It is the same with the coils 34 1 , 36 1 .

Les aimants 461 et 481 ont sensiblement la largeur des branches ouvertes des C et relient les faces en regard de ces C. Ainsi, l'aimant 461 présente une arête supérieure 60 alignée avec l'arête supérieure 62 de la pièce 301 du côté de la branche ouverte du C. De façon analogue, l'autre arête supérieure 64 de l'aimant 461 est alignée avec l'arête supérieure 66 du côté du C de la pièce 321.The magnets 46 1 and 48 1 have substantially the width of the open branches of the C and connect the facing faces of these C. Thus, the magnet 46 1 has an upper edge 60 aligned with the upper edge 62 of the part 30 1 on the side of the open branch of C. In a similar way, the other edge upper 64 of the magnet 46 1 is aligned with the upper edge 66 of the C side of the part 32 1 .

L'aimant 481 est disposé de façon analogue à l'aimant 461. Toutefois, il présente une ouverture (non montrée) pour laisser passer la queue de soupape ou la tige de la palette 421, cette queue ou cette tige n'étant également pas représentée sur la figure 5.The magnet 48 1 is arranged in a similar manner to the magnet 46 1 . However, it has an opening (not shown) to pass the valve stem or the stem of the pallet 42 1 , this tail or this rod is not also represented on the figure 5 .

Par rapport à la réalisation représentée sur les figures 2 et 3, les pièces magnétiques sont plus éloignées l'une de l'autre, ce qui diminue les fuites de champ magnétique. En effet, dans la réalisation montrée sur la figure 2, il peut se produire des fuites magnétiques entre les parties 68 des pièces 30 et 32 qui ne sont pas séparées par les aimants 46 et 48.Compared with the realization shown on the figures 2 and 3 magnetic parts are farther apart, which reduces magnetic field leakage. Indeed, in the realization shown on the figure 2 there may be magnetic leakage between parts 68 of parts 30 and 32 which are not separated by magnets 46 and 48.

Ainsi, du fait de la diminution des fuites, le maintien de la palette 421 contre les pièces magnétiques sera plus efficace que dans la réalisation présentée sur la figure 2. Mais, il faudra, de ce fait, un courant plus important pour passer de l'état ouvert à l'état fermé et réciproquement.Thus, because of the decrease in leaks, the maintenance of the pallet 42 1 against the magnetic parts will be more effective than in the embodiment presented on the figure 2 . But, it will require, therefore, a larger current to move from the open state to the closed state and vice versa.

Le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 6, 7 et 8 se distingue de celui représenté sur les figures 2 et 3 par le fait que les pièces magnétiques 302 et 322 ne sont pas parallèles mais forment un angle aigu de façon telle qu'elles soient rapprochées du côté de la branche ouverte du C afin de minimiser la dimension et donc la masse de la palette 422. Dans cet exemple, on prévoit deux aimants ayant, en coupe parallèle à la partie plate de la palette, une forme de trapèze. Ces aimants portent les références 72 et 74.The embodiment shown on the Figures 6, 7 and 8 differs from the one shown on the figures 2 and 3 in that the magnetic parts 30 2 and 32 2 are not parallel but form an acute angle so that they are close to the side of the open branch of the C in order to minimize the size and thus the mass of the pallet 42 2 . In this example, two magnets are provided having, in section parallel to the flat part of the palette, a trapezoidal shape. These magnets carry the references 72 and 74.

Comme dans les autres exemples, les bobines 76 et 78 sont enroulées autour de la partie centrale de la branche pleine de chaque pièce en C.As in the other examples, the coils 76 and 78 are wound around the central part of the full branch of each C-piece.

Comme montré sur la figure 8, la palette 422 présente, dans l'exemple, en plan une forme adaptée à celle des extrémités en regard des branches ouvertes des pièces en C. Ainsi, la pièce 422 présente une partie centrale 76 en forme de trapèze dont les côtés non parallèles sont les petits côtés de rectangles, respectivement 78, 80. Le rectangle 78 correspond aux extrémités en regard 821, 822 des branches ouvertes du C de la pièce 302 et le rectangle 80 correspond aux extrémités correspondantes pour la pièce 322.As shown on the figure 8 , the pallet 42 2 has, in the example, in plan a shape adapted to that of the ends facing the open branches of the C-shaped parts. Thus, the part 42 2 has a central part 76 in the shape of a trapezium, the sides of which Parallels are the short sides of rectangles, respectively 78, 80. The rectangle 78 corresponds to the facing ends 82 1 , 82 2 of the open branches of the C of the part 2 and the rectangle 80 corresponds to the corresponding ends for the part 32 2 .

Ainsi, la masse de la palette peut encore être réduite par une optimisation des surfaces en regard des circuits magnétiques.Thus, the mass of the pallet can be further reduced by an optimization of the surfaces facing the magnetic circuits.

Le faible encombrement de la palette permet d'installer le dispositif d'actionnement de soupape pour des moteurs dont l'écartement entre soupapes est faible. On peut aussi, avec cette réalisation, maximiser la puissance du dispositif d'actionnement pour un entraxe donné entre soupapes. En outre, les aimants sont épais , ce qui permet de conférer des efforts importants de maintien des aimants en position d'ouverture de soupape ou en position de fermeture de soupape.The small size of the pallet makes it possible to install the valve actuator for engines with a small valve gap. It is also possible, with this embodiment, to maximize the power of the actuating device for a given spacing between valves. In addition, the magnets are thick, which makes it possible to confer significant efforts to hold the magnets in the open position of the valve or in the closed position of the valve.

L'exemple représenté sur la figure 9 se rapporte à une autre variante dans laquelle, pour réaliser des aimants parallélépipédiques 90, chaque circuit en C présente deux parties formant entre elles un angle obtus, à savoir une première partie 92 comportant la branche pleine autour de laquelle est enroulée la bobine correspondante 94 et le début 96 des branches perpendiculaires et, d'autre part, une partie 98 comportant la branche ouverte du C (non montrée) entre lesquelles se déplace la palette 100 (figures 9 et 10).The example shown on the figure 9 relates to another variant in which, to produce parallelepiped magnets 90, each C-shaped circuit has two parts forming between them an obtuse angle, namely a first part 92 comprising the solid branch around which is wound the corresponding coil 94 and the beginning 96 perpendicular branches and, secondly, a portion 98 having the open branch of C (not shown) between which moves the pallet 100 ( Figures 9 and 10 ).

La palette 100 a une forme trapézoïdale comme montrée sur la figure 10, ses deux extrémités correspondant aux extrémités en forme de parallélogrammes 102 et 104 des extrémités libres des branches ouvertes du C.The pallet 100 has a trapezoidal shape as shown on the figure 10 , its two ends corresponding to the parallelogram-shaped ends 102 and 104 of the free ends of the open branches of C.

Ce mode de réalisation montré sur les figures 9 et 10 présente les mêmes avantages que celui représenté sur les figures 6, 7 et 8. Toutefois, la réalisation de l'aimant est plus simple.This embodiment shown on Figures 9 and 10 has the same advantages as that shown in the Figures 6, 7 and 8 . However, the realization of the magnet is simpler.

L'exemple de réalisation représenté sur la figure 11 se distingue de celui montré sur la figure 3 par le fait que les extrémités 106, 108 et 110, 112 des branches ouvertes de chaque pièce magnétique en C forment des becs afin que ces extrémités soient plus rapprochées l'une de l'autre que les pièces magnétiques. Dans ces conditions, la palette 114 peut être de dimension plus réduite.The exemplary embodiment shown on the figure 11 is different from that shown on the figure 3 in that the ends 106, 108 and 110, 112 of the open branches of each magnetic piece C form beaks so that these ends are closer to one another than the magnetic parts. Under these conditions, the pallet 114 may be smaller in size.

Dans les exemples montrés sur les figures 12, 13 et 14, la palette magnétique 116 présente des épaulements 118 et 120 et les extrémités des branches ouvertes des pièces en C comportent des épaulements correspondants. Le but de cette disposition est de linéariser l'effort d'attraction des pièces magnétiques sur la palette 116 en fonction de l'entrefer.In the examples shown on the Figures 12, 13 and 14 , the magnetic pallet 116 has shoulders 118 and 120 and the ends of the open branches of the C-shaped parts comprise corresponding shoulders. The purpose of this arrangement is to linearize the attraction force of the magnetic parts on the pallet 116 as a function of the gap.

Ainsi, la palette 116 présente une plus grande épaisseur dans sa partie centrale et des épaisseurs plus réduites aux extrémités ménageant ainsi quatre épaulements 118, 120, 1181, 1201.Thus, the pallet 116 has a greater thickness in its central part and smaller thicknesses at the ends thus providing four shoulders 118, 120, 118 1 , 120 1 .

Les extrémités des pièces magnétiques en C présentent des épaulements complémentaires. Ainsi, l'extrémité 122 d'une des branches ouvertes 124 d'une pièce magnétique en C 126 présente un épaulement 128 destiné à venir en regard de l'épaulement correspondant 118 quand la palette est attirée vers le haut.The ends of the C-shaped magnetic parts have complementary shoulders. Thus, the end 122 of one of the open branches 124 of a magnetic piece C 126 has a shoulder 128 intended to come opposite the corresponding shoulder 118 when the pallet is drawn upwards.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 13, les épaulements 118, 120 ainsi que les épaulements 1181 et 1281 sont rectilignes, tandis que dans l'exemple montré sur la figure 14, les épaulements 118', 120' sont courbes. Il en est bien entendu de même des épaulements correspondants sur les extrémités des pièces magnétiques en « C ».In the example shown on the figure 13 the shoulders 118, 120 and the shoulders 118 1 and 128 1 are rectilinear, while in the example shown in FIG. figure 14 , the shoulders 118 ', 120' are curved. It is of course also the corresponding shoulders on the ends of the magnetic parts in "C".

Avec la réalisation montrée sur la figure 14, la palette n'est plus sensible à des décentrages angulaires de cette palette.With the realization shown on the figure 14 , the palette is no longer sensitive to angular offsets of this palette.

En variante, on prévoit plusieurs épaulements formant des escaliers et/ou des formes en V sur la palette et les circuits ferromagnétiques.Alternatively, there are provided several shoulders forming stairs and / or V forms on the pallet and the ferromagnetic circuits.

Bien entendu, la forme de la palette n'est pas limitée à celle décrite. Ainsi, on a représenté sur la figure 15, un autre exemple dans lequel la palette présente une section octogonale. Une telle palette octogonale sera d'ailleurs préférée à une palette rectangulaire car avec une telle géométrie, on peut montrer que pour une même masse, les efforts exercés sur la palette sont plus importants que dans le cas d'une palette de forme rectangulaire. On peut aussi diminuer la masse de la palette à force d'attraction identique.Of course, the shape of the pallet is not limited to that described. So, we have shown on the figure 15 another example in which the palette has an octagonal section. Such an octagonal pallet will also be preferred to a rectangular pallet because with such a geometry, it can be shown that for the same mass, the forces exerted on the pallet are greater than in the case of a pallet of rectangular shape. It is also possible to reduce the mass of the pallet with identical force of attraction.

Les figures 3a, 3b, 3c et 3d illustrent des dispositions permettant de faire appel à des aimants d'aimantation rémanente faible, notamment des aimants en ferrite, tout en générant des niveaux d'induction élevés dans le circuit magnétique et dans l'entrefer, afin d'optimiser la force d'attraction et de minimiser la masse du circuit magnétique.The Figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d illustrate arrangements for using low-remanent magnetization magnets, including ferrite magnets, while generating high induction levels in the magnetic circuit and in the air gap to optimize the pulling force and to minimize the mass of the magnetic circuit.

A cet effet, on utilise le principe de la concentration de flux qui consiste à conférer une section Sa (figure 3b) d'aimant supérieure à la section des circuits ferromagnétiques Sf (figures 3a, 3c et 3d) et à celle des entrefers.For this purpose, the principle of flux concentration is used, which consists in conferring a section S a ( figure 3b ) of magnet greater than the section of ferromagnetic circuits S f ( Figures 3a, 3c and 3d ) and that of the air gaps.

Dans l'exemple montré sur la figure 3c, on fait appel à des parties magnétiques en C d'épaisseur réduite et dans l'exemple de la figure 3d, la largeur l des extrémités des branches ouvertes (la largeur l est la dimension dans la direction perpendiculaire à la grande branche du C) est réduite.In the example shown on the figure 3c C-shaped magnetic parts of reduced thickness are used and in the example of figure 3d , the width l of the ends of the open branches (the width l is the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the major branch of C) is reduced.

Ainsi, dans l'exemple de la figure 3c, la longueur de la palette est réduite dans les mêmes proportions que la distance séparant les faces latérales externes des deux pièces magnétiques.So, in the example of the figure 3c the length of the pallet is reduced in the same proportion as the distance separating the external lateral faces of the two magnetic pieces.

On a représenté sur la figure 16 deux dispositifs de commande du type de ceux décrits en relation avec les figures 2 et 3 dont l'un, 130, est destiné à commander une première soupape et dont l'autre, 132, est destiné à commander une seconde soupape à proximité de la première. Ces deux dispositifs de commande sont disposés de façon que les plans des pièces magnétiques soient parallèles. Cependant, les branches principales des circuits magnétiques et donc les bobines sont en des positions opposées. Ainsi, la distance L entre les axes des deux soupapes, commandées par dispositifs 130 et 132, est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur e d'un dispositif de commande sans tenir compte de la surépaisseur des bobines 134. L'épaisseur e est la distance séparant les faces externes des deux pièces magnétiques d'un dispositif de commande.We have shown on the figure 16 two control devices of the type described in connection with the figures 2 and 3 one of which, 130, is intended to control a first valve and the other, 132, is intended to control a second valve near the first. These two control devices are arranged so that the planes of the magnetic parts are parallel. However, the main branches of the magnetic circuits and therefore the coils are in opposite positions. Thus, the distance L between the axes of the two valves, controlled by devices 130 and 132, is substantially equal to the thickness e of a control device without taking into account the extra thickness of the coils 134. The thickness e is the distance separating the external faces of the two magnetic parts of a control device.

La figure 17 est une figure analogue à celle de la figure 16 mais dans le cas où l'on prévoit deux dispositifs de commande 136 et 138 du type de ceux représentés sur la figure 5.The figure 17 is a figure similar to that of the figure 16 but in the case where two control devices 136 and 138 of the type shown on the figure 5 .

Sur la figure 18, on a représenté deux dispositifs de commande 140 et 142 du type de ceux représentés sur les figures 6 et 7. On constate que, par rapport aux figures 16 et 17, on peut réduire dans des proportions importantes la distance séparant deux soupapes. Cette réalisation est donc particulièrement intéressante pour équiper un moteur de faible cylindrée ou pour obtenir des efforts importants, par exemple dans le cas d'actionneurs pour l'échappement.On the figure 18 two control devices 140 and 142 are shown of the type represented on the Figures 6 and 7 . It can be seen that compared to Figures 16 and 17 the distance separating two valves can be considerably reduced. This embodiment is therefore particularly advantageous for equipping a small displacement engine or for obtaining large forces, for example in the case of actuators for the exhaust.

Claims (19)

  1. An electromagnetic valve actuating device for an internal combustion engine including a magnetic pallet (40) controlling the position of valve (17) and cooperating, to this end, with at least one magnetic circuit comprised of at least one magnet (46, 48) for attracting pallet (40) alternatively towards a first end position, for which the valve is in a closed position, and a second end position, for which the valve is in an open position, at least one spool (34, 36) and elasticated means, in particular spring elasticated means for controlling the movement of pallet (40) from one end position to the other, characterised in that:
    - the magnetic circuit is comprised of two non-coplanar parts (30, 32), each of which substantially has a C-shape,
    - a first spool (34) wraps around the main branch of the first part,
    - a second spool (36) wraps around the main branch of the second part,
    - at least one magnet (46, 48) connects the lateral sides opposite the two parts, and
    - the two parts are positioned in such a way so that the corresponding ends of the open branches are substantially coplanar, the magnetic pallet (42) being positioned between the pairs of ends.
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that it includes a second magnet connecting the lateral sides opposite the two parts.
  3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the first and/or second spool is positioned on a branch opposite the open branch of the first or second part.
  4. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the magnet or magnets have at least one edge (52, 54) substantially coplanar to the edges of the two parts of the magnetic circuit.
  5. A device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the two parts of the magnetic circuit are made out of laminated iron.
  6. A device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the pallet presents two end parts, each of which has the same shape and the same dimensions as the corresponding end edges of the open branches of the C-shaped magnetic circuit parts.
  7. A device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that each of the two parts of the magnetic circuit presents a substantially planar shape, and that these two planar parts, separated by one or two magnets, are substantially parallel.
  8. A device according to claim 7, characterised in that the two parts of the magnetic circuit are practically identical and positioned symmetrically with respect to a medial plane, parallel to these two parts.
  9. A device according to claim 7, characterised in that the two full branches of each C-shaped part of the magnetic circuit are opposite each other in projection on a plane parallel to the two parts.
  10. A device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that each of the two parts of the magnetic circuit is substantially planar in shape and in that these two planar parts are separated by one or two magnets and form between themselves an acute angle in such a way that the distance separating the ends of the open branches of the C-shape is smaller than the distance separating the large branches of the C-shaped parts.
  11. A device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that each of the two parts of the C-shaped magnetic circuit has a first section, substantially planar in shape and parallel to the corresponding section of the other part, the magnet or magnets being positioned between the two parallel sections and a second section of shape and position so that the distance separating the ends of the open branches of the C-shape is smaller than the distance separating the large branches of the C-shaped parts.
  12. A device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least one side of the pallet presents at least one shoulder, to which corresponds a shoulder of an end of an open branch of a part of the C-shaped circuit.
  13. A device according to claim 12, characterised in that the shoulder extends according to a rectilinear direction.
  14. A device according to claim 12, characterised in that the shoulder extends according to a curvilinear direction.
  15. A device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the pallet is generally rectangular, orthogonal or circular in shape.
  16. A device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the section of the magnet or magnets in contact with the two parts of the magnetic circuit is higher than the section of the ends of the two open branches of the two C-shaped parts of the magnetic circuit.
  17. A device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the magnet or magnets are made out of ferrite.
  18. A unit of at least two valve actuating devices according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the two devices are positioned in such a way that the spools of the two actuating devices are distanced from each other.
  19. An internal combustion engine including at least one actuating device according to one of claims 1 to 17.
EP05300061A 2004-02-27 2005-01-26 Electromagnetic valve drive for internal combustion engine Not-in-force EP1568858B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450387 2004-02-27
FR0450387A FR2866923B1 (en) 2004-02-27 2004-02-27 VALVE ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1568858A2 EP1568858A2 (en) 2005-08-31
EP1568858A3 EP1568858A3 (en) 2009-01-21
EP1568858B1 true EP1568858B1 (en) 2009-12-02

Family

ID=34746553

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05300061A Not-in-force EP1568858B1 (en) 2004-02-27 2005-01-26 Electromagnetic valve drive for internal combustion engine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7185617B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1568858B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE450695T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005017956D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2337267T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2866923B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITTO20060131A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-25 Fiat Auto Spa CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE HANDLING OF A VALVE IN PARTICULAR OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SUCTION VALVE
US7549438B2 (en) * 2006-11-03 2009-06-23 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Valve heated by split solenoid
TWI426195B (en) * 2011-09-14 2014-02-11 Univ Nat Taipei Technology Electromagnetic valve mechanism

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4829947A (en) * 1987-08-12 1989-05-16 General Motors Corporation Variable lift operation of bistable electromechanical poppet valve actuator
JP3175400B2 (en) * 1993-04-21 2001-06-11 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Electromagnetic drive valve
JP3715460B2 (en) * 1999-03-31 2005-11-09 株式会社日立製作所 Electromagnetic drive device for engine valve
DE10012439A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-06-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Actuator device for gas exchange valve for IC engines has magnet core with two core arms separate by air gap, and with armature moving in gap with contact with core arms
FR2812024B1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2003-04-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa VALVE ACTUATOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
FR2812025B1 (en) * 2000-07-20 2003-01-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE ACTUATOR OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR2818432B1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2003-02-14 Sagem ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE ACTUATOR OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1568858A2 (en) 2005-08-31
FR2866923B1 (en) 2006-06-30
FR2866923A1 (en) 2005-09-02
US20050188928A1 (en) 2005-09-01
ATE450695T1 (en) 2009-12-15
EP1568858A3 (en) 2009-01-21
ES2337267T3 (en) 2010-04-22
US7185617B2 (en) 2007-03-06
DE602005017956D1 (en) 2010-01-14

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