EP1774143B1 - Electromagnet-equipped control device for an internal combustion engine valve - Google Patents

Electromagnet-equipped control device for an internal combustion engine valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1774143B1
EP1774143B1 EP05717690A EP05717690A EP1774143B1 EP 1774143 B1 EP1774143 B1 EP 1774143B1 EP 05717690 A EP05717690 A EP 05717690A EP 05717690 A EP05717690 A EP 05717690A EP 1774143 B1 EP1774143 B1 EP 1774143B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
valve
plate
magnetization
remanent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05717690A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1774143A1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Sedda
Christophe Fageon
Jean-Paul Yonnet
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication of EP1774143A1 publication Critical patent/EP1774143A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2146—Latching means
    • F01L2009/2148—Latching means using permanent magnet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0306—Metals or alloys, e.g. LAVES phase alloys of the MgCu2-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a valve control device for an internal combustion engine and a motor equipped with such a device (see US-A-5,339,777 ).
  • Valves are essential components of internal combustion engines. They allow the operation of the latter by alternating two positions:
  • a first "open" position allows exchanges between the inside and the outside of a cylinder using this valve, for example to inject a fuel into the cylinder.
  • a second so-called “closed” position prevents any exchange between the inside and the outside of this cylinder, for example to allow compression of injected fuel.
  • valves are actuated by relatively complex mechanical links with the rest of the engine.
  • electrically controlled valve motors have been developed, this control allowing to choose at will the opening and closing moments.
  • Such a device comprises springs and at least one or two electromagnets, the latter receiving control signals for positioning the valve in the open or closed position.
  • a known device of this type is shown in Figure 1. It comprises a helical spring 12 surrounding a rod 14 secured to a valve 10 and bearing, on one side, against a stop 16 integral with the rod 14 and, on the other hand, against a stop 18 surrounding an opening 20 of the body of the corresponding cylinder 21.
  • the plate 26 is installed between two electromagnets 28 and 30 traversed by the rod 22.
  • These two electromagnets 28 and 30 each include a coil, conventionally shown in the cross-section of FIG. 1 by two crosses, and a magnetic circuit, respectively 29 and 31 , made of magnetic material.
  • the end 32 of the rod 22 which is opposite the link 24 cooperates with the first end of another spring 34.
  • This spring 34 is fixed to a support 36 integral with a frame 37.
  • the springs 34 and 12 hold the plate 26 equidistant from the two electromagnets 28 and 30 when the latter do not generate a magnetic field. This position can be adjusted by varying the position of the support 36 relative to the frame 37.
  • the electromagnet 28 When the electromagnet 28 is activated, it attracts the plate 26 and the latter comes into contact with a portion of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 28. This displacement causes a sliding of the rod 22 and the rod 14 - along an axis 27 confused with the axis of these rods - such that the head 38 of the valve 10 is brought to rest on its seat. The valve 10 is then closed.
  • the electromagnet 30 When the electromagnet 30 is activated, the latter attracts the plate 26 which comes into contact with a part of the magnetic circuit of the second electromagnet, driving the rod 22 and the rod 14 along the axis 27, the head 38 moving away. hence its seat. The valve 10 is then in the open position.
  • the springs 12 and 34 are associated with the movement of the rods 14 and 22 by compressing or relaxing according to the movements of the latter, a resonant electromechanical system being thus formed.
  • the magnetic circuits 29 and 31 of the electromagnets are of the so-called polarized type, that is to say that they comprise a permanent magnet. This allows a magnetic locking of the plate 26 in position respectively open or closed with zero or low current in the electromagnet, respectively 30 or 28. But it is therefore necessary to provide a force during transitions from one position to another because you have to overcome the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet. Such an effort is expensive in energy.
  • the present invention results from the observation that such a control device is not energetically optimized.
  • the present invention overcomes these disadvantages. It relates to an electromechanical valve control device for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet and / or the plate includes a magnetic material having a remanent magnetization when the valve is in the open or closed position, said remanent magnetization being reversible so as to be canceled upon a change of position of the valve and having a coercive field included between 10 Oersted and 600 Oersted.
  • Materials with remanent and reversible magnetization are also commonly referred to as semi-hard or hysteretic materials.
  • the materials used in the invention have a high remanent induction as well as an intermediate coercive field in comparison to soft materials and hard materials.
  • the hysteresis of a magnetic material is defined by two magnetic magnitudes: the coercive field and induction.
  • the coercive field is often less than 1 Oersted (80 A / m).
  • the hysteresis cycle is as wide as possible.
  • the field of permanent magnets starts with materials that have a coercive field of at least 600 Oersted (5000 Ampere per meter).
  • One of the disadvantages of such materials is that it is difficult to demagnetize them.
  • the other magnetic quantity, the induction B characterizes the ability to possess induced magnetization. It is understood that it is advantageously as high as possible in the invention.
  • a material having a high induction value as well as an intermediate coercive field can thus be remanently and reversibly magnetized.
  • the magnetization of the plate and / or the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet can thus be modified. This makes it possible to have a plate and / or a magnetized magnetic circuit during holding in position of the valve. This maintenance is therefore possible with a zero or low current in the electromagnet.
  • a coercive force value of 10 Oersteds makes it possible to maintain correct position in valve applications. Such a maintenance is not ensured by a simple material having a remanent magnetization of hard steels type (carbon for example) sometimes used.
  • Such residual magnetism is of the type observed with a piece of steel that is momentarily magnetized and manages to attract nails, for example.
  • Such a coercive field value also makes it possible to demagnetize the plate and / or the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet just before the transition from one position to another so as not to have to provide significant effort during the transition.
  • the magnetization changes do not require a large amount of energy, the power consumption of the device is reduced compared to a known device.
  • the material having a remanent and reversible magnetization has a coercive field included between 50 Oersted and 500 Oersted.
  • Such a selective range of coercive field ensures a good maintenance and minimize the energy required to demagnetize the material.
  • This material is advantageously chosen from iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys or from alnico (aluminum-nickel-cobalt) alloys with a low coercive field.
  • the material having a remanent and reversible magnetization is in rolled form.
  • the rolled shape is obtained when the material is produced in a strip. This is the case for FeCoVa for example.
  • the rolled form reduces the induced current losses.
  • the positioning of the valve in a second position is obtained by the action of a second electromagnet acting on the plate, the magnetic circuit of the second electromagnet and / or the plate including a material having a remanent and reversible magnetization.
  • the plate is the element of the device including a material with remanent and reversible magnetization.
  • the control device includes an electromagnet 28 and a plate 26 which is integral with a valve not shown in FIGS. 2a to 2e.
  • the electromagnet 28 comprises a coil represented by two crosses on the sections shown in Figures 2a to 2e and a magnetic circuit 29 of magnetic material.
  • the remanent flux Fp created by the remanent magnetization of the plate 26 in the magnetic circuit 29 of the electromagnet 28 makes it possible to maintain a significant induction in the magnetic circuit 29 of the electromagnet 28 and thus to generate an electromagnetic force between the plate 26 and the electromagnet 28. This force does not depend substantially on the intensity of the current previously applied to the coil.
  • the plate 26 can then be held in position with zero or low current in the same manner as with a plate having a permanent magnetization.
  • control device When the reverse current is interrupted in the coil, the control device is again in the situation shown in FIG. 2a, that is to say without pre-magnetization or with a reduced pre-magnetization and thus without any force exerted. on the board 26.
  • the magnetization of the plate is effected by the flux of the coil each time the plate is attracted by the electromagnet, for example at startup or during a transition.
  • the remanent magnetization of the pallet makes it possible to maintain a significant induction in the magnetic circuit. This makes it possible to obtain a holding force which may be sufficient to obtain zero or low current hold in the coil.
  • a demagnetizing current is applied to demagnetize the tray.
  • the advantages of the invention are notably to obtain a blocking in open or closed position with zero or low current and, at the same time, to allow inexpensive energy transitions since the magnetization can be canceled at the moment of transition.
  • the cycle of application of the current to the coil defined by the intensity and the direction of the current and the durations of application, depends on the desired cycle for the opening and closing of the valve.
  • the positioning of the valve in a second position is obtained by the action of a second electromagnet acting on the plate, the current intended to traverse this second electromagnet is synchronized with the current negative traversing the first electromagnet to demagnetize the plate.
  • the transition is inexpensive in energy because the plate is released by the first electromagnet at the moment when it is called to move towards the second electromagnet.
  • An additional advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the semi-hard materials have an apparent permeability greater than that of the magnets. This therefore generates a better efficiency of the coil.
  • a device according to the invention does not present a risk of irreversible demagnetization of the plate, such a defect being all the more prejudicial in applications requiring high reliability such as an engine.
  • the invention has been presented with a tray made of semi-hard material.
  • the plate includes a soft magnetic material and the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet includes a magnetic material with remanent magnetization and reversible. It is also possible to envisage that the plate and the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet both include a semi-hard magnetic material.
  • the positioning of the valve in a second position can also be performed according to the action of known means, including mechanical means.
  • known means including mechanical means.
  • only one position, open or closed, is provided according to the invention.
  • the other position may for example implement a spring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a semi-hard plate (26) of a magnetic material having residual magnetization, when a valve is in open or in closed position. The residual magnetization of the plate is reversible in order to be removed during the change of position of the valve. The material has coercive force between 10 and 600 Oersted. The magnetic material is chosen from aluminum-nickel-cobalt alloys with less coercive force. An independent claim is also included for an internal combustion engine including a valve control device.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de commande de soupape pour un moteur à combustion interne ainsi qu'un moteur équipé d'un tel dispositif (voir US-A-5 339 777 ).The present invention relates to a valve control device for an internal combustion engine and a motor equipped with such a device (see US-A-5,339,777 ).

Les soupapes sont des éléments essentiels des moteurs à combustion interne. Elles permettent le fonctionnement de ces derniers en alternant deux positions:Valves are essential components of internal combustion engines. They allow the operation of the latter by alternating two positions:

Une première position dite "ouverte" permet des échanges entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur d'un cylindre utilisant cette soupape, par exemple pour injecter un carburant dans ce cylindre.A first "open" position allows exchanges between the inside and the outside of a cylinder using this valve, for example to inject a fuel into the cylinder.

Une deuxième position dite "fermée" empêche tout échange entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de ce cylindre, par exemple pour permettre la compression de carburant injecté.A second so-called "closed" position prevents any exchange between the inside and the outside of this cylinder, for example to allow compression of injected fuel.

Dans un moteur classique, les soupapes sont actionnées grâce à des liaisons mécaniques relativement complexes avec le reste du moteur. Dans la période récente, des moteurs à soupapes commandées électriquement ont été développés, cette commande permettant de choisir à volonté les moments d'ouverture et de fermeture.In a conventional engine, the valves are actuated by relatively complex mechanical links with the rest of the engine. In the recent period, electrically controlled valve motors have been developed, this control allowing to choose at will the opening and closing moments.

Un tel dispositif comporte des ressorts et au moins un ou deux électroaimants, ces derniers recevant des signaux de commande pour positionner la soupape en position ouverte ou fermée.Such a device comprises springs and at least one or two electromagnets, the latter receiving control signals for positioning the valve in the open or closed position.

Un dispositif connu de ce type est représenté sur la figure 1. Il comprend un ressort 12 hélicoïdal entourant une tige 14 solidaire d'une soupape 10 et s'appuyant, d'un côté, contre une butée 16 solidaire de cette tige 14 et, d'un autre côté, contre une butée 18 entourant une ouverture 20 du corps du cylindre 21 correspondant.A known device of this type is shown in Figure 1. It comprises a helical spring 12 surrounding a rod 14 secured to a valve 10 and bearing, on one side, against a stop 16 integral with the rod 14 and, on the other hand, against a stop 18 surrounding an opening 20 of the body of the corresponding cylinder 21.

Avec la tige 14 (ou queue de soupape) coopère une autre tige 22 portant un plateau 26 en matériau magnétique. Entre les tiges 22 et 14, on prévoit un jeu 24 permettant à la tige 22 de coulisser alors même que la tige 14 reste immobile lorsque la tige 22 est en fin de course vers le haut de la figure 1.With the rod 14 (or valve stem) cooperates another rod 22 carrying a plate 26 of magnetic material. Between the rods 22 and 14, there is a clearance 24 allowing the rod 22 to slide even as the rod 14 remains stationary when the rod 22 is at the end of the upward stroke of Figure 1.

Le plateau 26 est installé entre deux électroaimants 28 et 30 traversés par la tige 22. Ces deux électroaimants 28 et 30 incluent chacun une bobine, représentée conventionnellement dans la coupe de la figure 1 par deux croix, et un circuit magnétique, respectivement 29 et 31, en matériau magnétique. L'extrémité 32 de la tige 22 qui est opposée à la liaison 24 coopère avec la première extrémité d'un autre ressort 34.The plate 26 is installed between two electromagnets 28 and 30 traversed by the rod 22. These two electromagnets 28 and 30 each include a coil, conventionally shown in the cross-section of FIG. 1 by two crosses, and a magnetic circuit, respectively 29 and 31 , made of magnetic material. The end 32 of the rod 22 which is opposite the link 24 cooperates with the first end of another spring 34.

La seconde extrémité de ce ressort 34 est fixée à un appui 36 solidaire d'un châssis 37. Les ressorts 34 et 12 maintiennent le plateau 26 équidistant des deux électroaimants 28 et 30 lorsque ces derniers ne génèrent pas de champ magnétique. Cette position peut être réglée en faisant varier la position de l'appui 36 par rapport au châssis 37.The second end of this spring 34 is fixed to a support 36 integral with a frame 37. The springs 34 and 12 hold the plate 26 equidistant from the two electromagnets 28 and 30 when the latter do not generate a magnetic field. This position can be adjusted by varying the position of the support 36 relative to the frame 37.

Lorsque l'électroaimant 28 est activé, il attire le plateau 26 et ce dernier vient au contact d'une partie du circuit magnétique de cet électroaimant 28. Ce déplacement entraîne un coulissement de la tige 22 et de la tige 14 - suivant un axe 27 confondu avec l'axe de ces tiges - tel que la tête 38 de la soupape 10 est amenée à reposer sur son siège. La soupape 10 est alors fermée.When the electromagnet 28 is activated, it attracts the plate 26 and the latter comes into contact with a portion of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 28. This displacement causes a sliding of the rod 22 and the rod 14 - along an axis 27 confused with the axis of these rods - such that the head 38 of the valve 10 is brought to rest on its seat. The valve 10 is then closed.

Lorsque l'électroaimant 30 est activé, ce dernier attire le plateau 26 qui vient au contact d'une partie du circuit magnétique de ce second électroaimant, entraînant la tige 22 et la tige 14 suivant l'axe 27, la tête 38 s'éloignant par conséquent de son siège. La soupape 10 est alors en position ouverte.When the electromagnet 30 is activated, the latter attracts the plate 26 which comes into contact with a part of the magnetic circuit of the second electromagnet, driving the rod 22 and the rod 14 along the axis 27, the head 38 moving away. hence its seat. The valve 10 is then in the open position.

Les ressorts 12 et 34 sont associés au mouvement des tiges 14 et 22 en se comprimant ou en se détendant suivant les mouvements de ces dernières, un système électromécanique résonnant étant ainsi formé.The springs 12 and 34 are associated with the movement of the rods 14 and 22 by compressing or relaxing according to the movements of the latter, a resonant electromechanical system being thus formed.

Dans certaines réalisations, pour des raisons d'économie d'énergie lors du maintien de la soupape en position ouverte ou fermée, les circuits magnétiques 29 et 31 des électroaimants sont du type dits polarisés, c'est-à-dire qu'ils comportent un aimant permanent. Ceci permet un blocage magnétique du plateau 26 en position respectivement ouverte ou fermée à courant nul ou faible dans l'électroaimant, respectivement 30 ou 28. Mais il est par conséquent nécessaire de fournir un effort lors des transitions d'une position à une autre car il faut vaincre la force magnétique générée par l'aimant permanent. Un tel effort est coûteux en énergie.In some embodiments, for reasons of energy saving during the maintenance of the valve in the open or closed position, the magnetic circuits 29 and 31 of the electromagnets are of the so-called polarized type, that is to say that they comprise a permanent magnet. This allows a magnetic locking of the plate 26 in position respectively open or closed with zero or low current in the electromagnet, respectively 30 or 28. But it is therefore necessary to provide a force during transitions from one position to another because you have to overcome the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet. Such an effort is expensive in energy.

La présente invention résulte de la constatation qu'un tel dispositif de commande n'est pas énergétiquement optimisé.The present invention results from the observation that such a control device is not energetically optimized.

La présente invention remédie à ces inconvénients. Elle concerne un dispositif électromécanique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne, caractérisé en ce que le circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant et/ou le plateau incluent un matériau magnétique présentant une aimantation rémanente lorsque la soupape est en position ouverte ou fermée, ladite aimantation rémanente étant réversible de manière à être annulée lors d'un changement de position de la soupape et présentant un champ coercitif inclus entre 10 Oersted et 600 Oersted.The present invention overcomes these disadvantages. It relates to an electromechanical valve control device for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet and / or the plate includes a magnetic material having a remanent magnetization when the valve is in the open or closed position, said remanent magnetization being reversible so as to be canceled upon a change of position of the valve and having a coercive field included between 10 Oersted and 600 Oersted.

Les matériaux présentant une aimantation rémanente et réversible sont aussi appelés communément matériaux semi-durs ou à hystérésis. Les matériaux utilisés dans l'invention possèdent une induction rémanente élevée ainsi qu'un champ coercitif intermédiaire en comparaison aux matériaux doux et aux matériaux durs. En effet, l'hystérésis d'un matériau magnétique est défini par deux grandeurs magnétiques : le champ coercitif et l'induction. Dans les matériaux doux, le cycle d'hystérésis est très étroit ce qui ne permet pas d'observer une aimantation rémanente. Leur champ coercitif est souvent inférieur à 1 Oersted (80 A/m). Dans les aimants permanents, le cycle d'hystérésis est aussi large que possible. Il est convenu que le domaine des aimants permanents commence avec les matériaux qui présentent un champ coercitif d'au moins 600 Oersted (5000 Ampère par mètre). Un des inconvénients de tels matériaux est qu'il est difficile de leur faire subir une désaimantation. L'autre grandeur magnétique, l'induction B, caractérise la capacité à posséder une aimantation induite. On comprend bien qu'elle est avantageusement aussi élevée que possible dans l'invention.Materials with remanent and reversible magnetization are also commonly referred to as semi-hard or hysteretic materials. The materials used in the invention have a high remanent induction as well as an intermediate coercive field in comparison to soft materials and hard materials. Indeed, the hysteresis of a magnetic material is defined by two magnetic magnitudes: the coercive field and induction. In soft materials, the hysteresis cycle is very narrow which does not allow to observe a remanent magnetization. Their coercive field is often less than 1 Oersted (80 A / m). In permanent magnets, the hysteresis cycle is as wide as possible. It is agreed that the field of permanent magnets starts with materials that have a coercive field of at least 600 Oersted (5000 Ampere per meter). One of the disadvantages of such materials is that it is difficult to demagnetize them. The other magnetic quantity, the induction B, characterizes the ability to possess induced magnetization. It is understood that it is advantageously as high as possible in the invention.

Un matériau possédant une valeur d'induction élevée ainsi qu'un champ coercitif intermédiaire peut ainsi être aimanté de manière rémanente et réversible. En fonction du moment au sein d'un cycle d'ouverture et de fermeture de la soupape, l'aimantation du plateau et/ou du circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant peut ainsi être modifiée. Cela permet d'avoir un plateau et/ou un circuit magnétique aimanté lors du maintien en position de la soupape. Ce maintien est donc possible avec un courant nul ou faible dans l'électroaimant. Une valeur de champ coercitif de 10 Oersteds permet d'obtenir un maintien en position correct dans les applications de soupape. Un tel maintien n'est pas assuré par un simple matériau présentant une aimantation rémanente de type Aciers Durs (au carbone par exemple) utilisés parfois. Un tel magnétisme résiduel est du type de celui observé avec une pièce en acier passagèrement aimantée et qui parvient à attirer des clous par exemple. Une telle valeur de champ coercitif permet également de désaimanter le plateau et/ou le circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant juste avant la transition d'une position à une autre de manière à ne pas avoir à fournir d'effort important lors de la transition. Les modifications d'aimantation ne nécessitant pas une grande quantité d'énergie, la consommation en énergie électrique du dispositif est réduite par rapport à un dispositif connu.A material having a high induction value as well as an intermediate coercive field can thus be remanently and reversibly magnetized. As a function of the moment within a cycle of opening and closing of the valve, the magnetization of the plate and / or the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet can thus be modified. This makes it possible to have a plate and / or a magnetized magnetic circuit during holding in position of the valve. This maintenance is therefore possible with a zero or low current in the electromagnet. A coercive force value of 10 Oersteds makes it possible to maintain correct position in valve applications. Such a maintenance is not ensured by a simple material having a remanent magnetization of hard steels type (carbon for example) sometimes used. Such residual magnetism is of the type observed with a piece of steel that is momentarily magnetized and manages to attract nails, for example. Such a coercive field value also makes it possible to demagnetize the plate and / or the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet just before the transition from one position to another so as not to have to provide significant effort during the transition. The magnetization changes do not require a large amount of energy, the power consumption of the device is reduced compared to a known device.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le matériau présentant une aimantation rémanente et réversible a un champ coercitif inclus entre 50 Oersted et 500 Oersted.According to a preferred embodiment, the material having a remanent and reversible magnetization has a coercive field included between 50 Oersted and 500 Oersted.

Un tel intervalle sélectif de champ coercitif, particulièrement adapté aux applications soupape, permet d'assurer un bon maintien et de minimiser l'énergie nécessaire pour désaimanter le matériau.Such a selective range of coercive field, particularly suitable for valve applications, ensures a good maintenance and minimize the energy required to demagnetize the material.

Ce matériau est avantageusement choisi parmi les alliages Fer-Cobalt-Vanadium ou parmi les alliages Alnico (Aluminium-Nickel-Cobalt) à faible champ coercitif.This material is advantageously chosen from iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys or from alnico (aluminum-nickel-cobalt) alloys with a low coercive field.

Selon une mise en oeuvre avantageuse, le matériau présentant une aimantation rémanente et réversible est sous forme laminée.According to an advantageous embodiment, the material having a remanent and reversible magnetization is in rolled form.

La forme laminée est obtenue lorsque le matériau est produit en bande. Cela est le cas pour les FeCoVa par exemple. La forme laminée réduit les pertes par courants induits.The rolled shape is obtained when the material is produced in a strip. This is the case for FeCoVa for example. The rolled form reduces the induced current losses.

Dans une réalisation, le positionnement de la soupape en une seconde position (fermée ou ouverte) est obtenu par l'action d'un second électroaimant agissant sur le plateau, le circuit magnétique du second électroaimant et/ou le plateau incluant un matériau présentant une aimantation rémanente et réversible.In one embodiment, the positioning of the valve in a second position (closed or open) is obtained by the action of a second electromagnet acting on the plate, the magnetic circuit of the second electromagnet and / or the plate including a material having a remanent and reversible magnetization.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront avec la description faite ci-dessous, cette dernière étant effectuée à titre descriptif et non limitatif en faisant référence aux dessins ci-après sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1, déjà décrite, représente un dispositif de commande de soupape connu,
  • les figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d et 2e sont des schémas illustrant le fonctionnement d'un dispositif de commande selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent with the description given below, the latter being carried out for descriptive and non-limiting purposes with reference to the following drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1, already described, represents a known valve control device,
  • Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e are diagrams illustrating the operation of a control device according to the invention.

Dans l'exemple proposé dans les figures 2a à 2e, le plateau est l'élément du dispositif incluant un matériau à aimantation rémanente et réversible.In the example proposed in FIGS. 2a to 2e, the plate is the element of the device including a material with remanent and reversible magnetization.

Le dispositif de commande selon l'invention inclut un électroaimant 28 et un plateau 26 qui est solidaire d'une soupape non représentée sur les figures 2a à 2e. L'électroaimant 28 comprend une bobine représentée par deux croix sur les sections présentées dans les figures 2a à 2e et un circuit magnétique 29 en matériau magnétique.The control device according to the invention includes an electromagnet 28 and a plate 26 which is integral with a valve not shown in FIGS. 2a to 2e. The electromagnet 28 comprises a coil represented by two crosses on the sections shown in Figures 2a to 2e and a magnetic circuit 29 of magnetic material.

Sans pré-magnétisation du plateau 26 et sans courant dans la bobine, ainsi que présenté sur la figure 2a, aucune force n'est créée entre le plateau 26 et l'électroaimant 28.Without pre-magnetization of the plate 26 and without current in the coil, as shown in FIG. 2a, no force is created between the plate 26 and the electromagnet 28.

A l'établissement du courant i dans la bobine, ainsi que représenté sur la figure 2b, se crée un flux Fb qui magnétise le plateau 26 en matériau semi-dur. Le plateau crée alors à son tour et suivant le sens du courant dans la bobine, un flux dit rémanent Fp.At the establishment of the current i in the coil, as shown in Figure 2b, is created a flux Fb which magnetizes the plate 26 of semi-hard material. The plate then creates in turn and following the direction of the current in the coil, a so-called remanent flux Fp.

A l'interruption du courant dans la bobine, le flux rémanent Fp créé par l'aimantation rémanente du plateau 26 dans le circuit magnétique 29 de l'électroaimant 28 permet de conserver une induction notable dans le circuit magnétique 29 de l'électroaimant 28 et donc de générer une force électromagnétique entre le plateau 26 et l'électroaimant 28. Cette force ne dépend pratiquement pas de l'intensité du courant précédemment appliquée à la bobine. Le plateau 26 peut alors être maintenu en position avec un courant nul ou faible de la même manière qu'avec un plateau possédant une aimantation permanente.When the current in the coil is interrupted, the remanent flux Fp created by the remanent magnetization of the plate 26 in the magnetic circuit 29 of the electromagnet 28 makes it possible to maintain a significant induction in the magnetic circuit 29 of the electromagnet 28 and thus to generate an electromagnetic force between the plate 26 and the electromagnet 28. This force does not depend substantially on the intensity of the current previously applied to the coil. The plate 26 can then be held in position with zero or low current in the same manner as with a plate having a permanent magnetization.

A l'application d'un courant de sens inverse par rapport au courant précédemment appliqué dans la bobine, le plateau 26 se démagnétise. Le flux rémanent Fp disparaît alors. Il faut noter que si le courant appliqué est trop important, selon le phénomène d'hystérésis caractéristique de ces matériaux, le plateau 26 va se démagnétiser de nouveau mais dans un sens inverse des précédents. Dans l'application visée, cette situation est à éviter car il se produirait alors à nouveau une attirance entre le plateau 26 et l'électroaimant 28. La connaissance des grandeurs caractéristiques de la boucle d'hystérésis du matériau permet aisément d'éviter de défaut.When a current in the opposite direction is applied relative to the current previously applied in the coil, the plate 26 is demagnetized. The remanent flux Fp then disappears. It should be noted that if the current applied is too great, according to the characteristic hysteresis phenomenon of these materials, the plate 26 will demagnetize again but in a direction opposite to the previous ones. In the intended application, this situation is to be avoided since it would again produce an attraction between the plate 26 and the electromagnet 28. The knowledge of the characteristic quantities of the hysteresis loop of the material makes it easy to avoid a fault.

A l'interruption du courant de sens inverse dans la bobine, le dispositif de commande est à nouveau dans la situation présentée sur la figure 2a c'est-à-dire sans pré magnétisation ou avec une pré magnétisation réduite et ainsi, sans force exercée sur le plateau 26.When the reverse current is interrupted in the coil, the control device is again in the situation shown in FIG. 2a, that is to say without pre-magnetization or with a reduced pre-magnetization and thus without any force exerted. on the board 26.

L'application d'un courant de sens inverse à la bobine permet donc de relâcher le plateau 26 qui devient aisé à mobiliser pour réaliser la transition d'une position à une autre. Un faible effort est alors nécessaire pour réaliser la transition.The application of a current in the opposite direction to the coil allows to release the plate 26 which becomes easy to mobilize to achieve the transition from one position to another. A small effort is then required to complete the transition.

En résumé, l'aimantation du plateau s'effectue par le flux de la bobine à chaque fois que le plateau est attiré par l'électroaimant, par exemple au démarrage ou lors d'une transition. Pendant le maintien en position ouverte ou fermée, l'aimantation rémanente de la palette permet de conserver une induction notable dans le circuit magnétique. Cela permet d'obtenir une force de maintien qui peut être suffisante pour obtenir le maintien à courant nul ou faible dans la bobine. Pour lâcher le plateau par exemple lors d'une transition, un courant de démagnétisation est appliqué pour désaimanter le plateau.In summary, the magnetization of the plate is effected by the flux of the coil each time the plate is attracted by the electromagnet, for example at startup or during a transition. During holding in the open or closed position, the remanent magnetization of the pallet makes it possible to maintain a significant induction in the magnetic circuit. This makes it possible to obtain a holding force which may be sufficient to obtain zero or low current hold in the coil. To release the tray for example during a transition, a demagnetizing current is applied to demagnetize the tray.

Les avantages de l'invention sont notamment d'obtenir un blocage en position ouverte ou fermée à courant nul ou faible et, en même temps, de permettre des transitions peu coûteuses en énergie puisque l'aimantation peut être annulée au moment de la transition.The advantages of the invention are notably to obtain a blocking in open or closed position with zero or low current and, at the same time, to allow inexpensive energy transitions since the magnetization can be canceled at the moment of transition.

Le cycle d'application du courant à la bobine, défini par l'intensité et le sens du courant et les durées d'application, est fonction du cycle désiré pour l'ouverture et de fermeture de la soupape.The cycle of application of the current to the coil, defined by the intensity and the direction of the current and the durations of application, depends on the desired cycle for the opening and closing of the valve.

Par exemple, lorsque selon une réalisation présentée ci-dessus, le positionnement de la soupape en une seconde position est obtenu par l'action d'un second électroaimant agissant sur le plateau, le courant destiné à parcourir ce second électroaimant est synchronisé avec le courant négatif parcourant le premier électroaimant pour désaimanter le plateau. Dans ce cas, la transition est peu coûteuse en énergie car le plateau est relâché par le premier électroaimant au moment où il est appelé à se déplacer vers le second électroaimant.For example, when according to an embodiment presented above, the positioning of the valve in a second position is obtained by the action of a second electromagnet acting on the plate, the current intended to traverse this second electromagnet is synchronized with the current negative traversing the first electromagnet to demagnetize the plate. In this case, the transition is inexpensive in energy because the plate is released by the first electromagnet at the moment when it is called to move towards the second electromagnet.

Un avantage supplémentaire de l'invention réside dans le fait que les matériaux semi-durs présentent une perméabilité apparente plus grande que celle des aimants. Cela engendre donc une meilleure efficacité de la bobine. De plus, un dispositif selon l'invention ne présente pas de risque de désaimantation irréversible du plateau, un tel défaut étant d'autant plus préjudiciable dans des applications nécessitant une grande fiabilité telle qu'un moteur.An additional advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the semi-hard materials have an apparent permeability greater than that of the magnets. This therefore generates a better efficiency of the coil. In addition, a device according to the invention does not present a risk of irreversible demagnetization of the plate, such a defect being all the more prejudicial in applications requiring high reliability such as an engine.

Dans la description des figures 2a à 2e, l'invention a été présentée avec un plateau réalisé en matériau semi-dur. Selon une variante de l'invention, le plateau inclut un matériau magnétique doux et le circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant inclut un matériau magnétique à aimantation rémanente et réversible. Il est aussi possible d'envisager que le plateau et le circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant incluent tous deux un matériau magnétique semi-dur.In the description of Figures 2a to 2e, the invention has been presented with a tray made of semi-hard material. According to a variant of the invention, the plate includes a soft magnetic material and the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet includes a magnetic material with remanent magnetization and reversible. It is also possible to envisage that the plate and the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet both include a semi-hard magnetic material.

Par exemple, le positionnement de la soupape dans une seconde position peut aussi être réalisée selon l'action de moyens connus, notamment mécaniques. Dans ce cas, seulement une position, ouverte ou fermée, est assurée selon l'invention. L'autre position peut par exemple mettre en oeuvre un ressort.For example, the positioning of the valve in a second position can also be performed according to the action of known means, including mechanical means. In this case, only one position, open or closed, is provided according to the invention. The other position may for example implement a spring.

Claims (6)

  1. Device for controlling the opening and closing of a said internal combustion engine valve (38), the positioning of the said valve (38) in at least one position (open or closed) being obtained by the action of a said electromagnet (28) containing a said coil and a said magnetic circuit (29) and acting on a said plate (26) controlling the positioning of the valve, characterized in that the said magnetic circuit (29) of the said electromagnet (28) and/or the said plate (26) contain a magnetic material having a remanent magnetization when the said valve (38) is in the open or closed position, the remanent magnetization being reversible so as to be cancelled when the said valve (38) changes position and having a coercive field strength in the range of 50 Oe to 500 Oe.
  2. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the material having a remanent and reversible magnetization is selected from among the Iron-Cobalt-Vanadium alloys.
  3. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the material having a remanent and reversible magnetization is selected from among the Aluminum-Nickel-Cobalt alloys with low coercive field strength.
  4. Device in accordance with one of the claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the material having a remanent and reversible magnetization is in the laminated form.
  5. Device in accordance with one of the claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the positioning of the valve in a second position (closed or open) is obtained by the action of a said second electromagnet (30) acting on the said plate (26), the said magnetic circuit (31) of the said second electromagnet (30) and/or the said plate (26) also containing the said magnetic material.
  6. Internal combustion engine comprising a control device in accordance with one of the claims 1 through 5.
EP05717690A 2004-01-27 2005-01-27 Electromagnet-equipped control device for an internal combustion engine valve Not-in-force EP1774143B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450152A FR2865498B1 (en) 2004-01-27 2004-01-27 ELECTRO-MAGNET CONTROL DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VALVE
PCT/FR2005/050051 WO2005075796A1 (en) 2004-01-27 2005-01-27 Electromagnet-equipped control device for an internal combustion engine valve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1774143A1 EP1774143A1 (en) 2007-04-18
EP1774143B1 true EP1774143B1 (en) 2007-10-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05717690A Not-in-force EP1774143B1 (en) 2004-01-27 2005-01-27 Electromagnet-equipped control device for an internal combustion engine valve

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US (1) US7798110B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1774143B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE374882T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005002752T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2290899T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2865498B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005075796A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007013709U1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2007-12-20 Bürkert Werke GmbH & Co. KG Arrangement of stringed magnet drives
ITGE20080036A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-01 Dott Ing Mario Cozzani Srl METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF THE POSITION OF AN ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR FOR VALVES OF ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSORS.
DE102017211332A1 (en) * 2017-07-04 2019-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic actuator for electromagnetic switching devices
GB202005894D0 (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-06-03 Wastling Michael Fast-acting toggling armature uses centring spring

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422407A (en) * 1964-10-20 1969-01-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Devices utilizing a cobalt-vanadium-iron magnetic material which exhibits a composite hysteresis loop
US3743898A (en) * 1970-03-31 1973-07-03 Oded Eddie Sturman Latching actuators
JPS5175222A (en) * 1974-12-25 1976-06-29 Konan Electric Co
US4533890A (en) * 1984-12-24 1985-08-06 General Motors Corporation Permanent magnet bistable solenoid actuator
US5074259A (en) * 1990-05-09 1991-12-24 Pavo Pusic Electrically operated cylinder valve
US5339777A (en) * 1993-08-16 1994-08-23 Caterpillar Inc. Electrohydraulic device for actuating a control element
US5488340A (en) * 1994-05-20 1996-01-30 Caterpillar Inc. Hard magnetic valve actuator adapted for a fuel injector
GB9613730D0 (en) * 1996-07-01 1996-09-04 Perkins Ltd An electro-magnetically operated valve
JP2002043125A (en) * 1999-12-09 2002-02-08 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Electromagnetic actuator and valve opening/closing mechanism for internal combustion engine using the same
FR2812024B1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2003-04-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa VALVE ACTUATOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
US6685160B2 (en) * 2001-07-30 2004-02-03 Caterpillar Inc Dual solenoid latching actuator and method of using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1774143A1 (en) 2007-04-18
US20080035093A1 (en) 2008-02-14
US7798110B2 (en) 2010-09-21
FR2865498A1 (en) 2005-07-29
ES2290899T3 (en) 2008-02-16
DE602005002752D1 (en) 2007-11-15
ATE374882T1 (en) 2007-10-15
WO2005075796A1 (en) 2005-08-18
DE602005002752T2 (en) 2008-06-12
FR2865498B1 (en) 2008-04-25

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