EP1561848B1 - Method of making a spunbonded filamentary web - Google Patents

Method of making a spunbonded filamentary web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1561848B1
EP1561848B1 EP05001080A EP05001080A EP1561848B1 EP 1561848 B1 EP1561848 B1 EP 1561848B1 EP 05001080 A EP05001080 A EP 05001080A EP 05001080 A EP05001080 A EP 05001080A EP 1561848 B1 EP1561848 B1 EP 1561848B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
component
nonwoven web
polymer
woven mat
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EP05001080A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1561848A1 (en
EP1561848B2 (en
Inventor
Sebastian Sommer
Jens Güdden
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Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
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Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a spunbonded filament, in particular from filaments of thermoplastic material, wherein the filaments are deposited to the nonwoven web and wherein the nonwoven web is hydrodynamically solidified.
  • - Filaments means in the context of the invention continuous fibers, d. H. theoretically infinitely long threads from which the nonwoven web or the spunbonded web is formed. It is within the scope of the invention that the nonwoven web or the spunbonded nonwoven fabric is formed continuously from the filaments.
  • the filaments of the nonwoven web are often hydrophobic or have a hydrophobic surface. This applies in particular to filaments of polyolefins, for example of polyethylene or polypropylene. Due to its hydrophobic character, the effectiveness of momentum transfer from water to filaments in hydroentanglement often leaves much to be desired. In that regard, the known from practice method is in need of improvement.
  • the multicomponent filaments consist of mutually incompatible polymers, of which at least one polymer contains a hydrophilicity-changing additive.
  • the filaments are laid down into a spunbonded fabric and the spunbonded fabric, after preconsolidation, is bonded by application of a high pressure fluid. The filaments are being worked on.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method of the type mentioned above, with which even with hydrophobic filaments or hydrophobic filament surfaces effective hydrodynamic solidification is possible.
  • the invention teaches a method for producing a spunbonded filament, in particular from filaments of thermoplastic material, wherein the filaments are spun from a mixture of at least one polymer and at least one hydrophilic additive and deposited to the nonwoven web, wherein the nonwoven web is preconsolidated, wherein the nonwoven web is heated to a temperature of at least 40 ° C and up to a temperature of 20 ° C below the melting point of a filament surface forming polymer, and wherein the nonwoven web is subsequently hydrodynamically solidified.
  • the nonwoven web may be moistened with a water-containing liquid in addition to heating and prior to hydrodynamic consolidation.
  • the polymer used for the filaments is a thermoplastic polymer or thermoplastic polymers. It is also within the scope of the invention that the filaments mainly consist of this polymer or of these polymers.
  • the mixture from which the filaments are spun consists of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, of the polymer. The filaments preferably consist of more than 95% by weight of the at least one polymer.
  • the mixture from which the filaments are spun expediently contains 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight and very preferably 0.15 to 2.5% by weight of the hydrophilic additive.
  • Claim 1 distinguishes between the at least one polymer and the at least one hydrophilic additive.
  • This polymer is very preferably a polyolefin, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • this polymer can also be a polyester or, for example, a polyamide.
  • the hydrophilic additive is also a polymer, namely a hydrophilic polymer.
  • the mixture from which the filaments are spun in terms of concentration and / or type of ingredients to adjust so that after a storage time of 3 to 9 days, preferably from 4 to 8 days and very preferably from 5 to 7 days, the surface tension of the filaments would change or change by at least 5 mN / m.
  • the hydrophilic additive is a hydrophilic polymer. It is within the scope of the invention that the hydrophilic additive is an ethoxylated organic compound or an ethoxylated polymer. According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one hydrophilic additive from the group "polyalkylene oxide, polyalkylene oxide compound, ethoxylated silicone, ethoxylated siloxane, ethoxylated hydrocarbon, ethoxylated Fluorocarbon 'used. When a polyalkylene oxide is used, one embodiment may be polyethylene oxide. It is within the scope of the invention to use as a hydrophilic additive modified with polyalkylene oxide polymers.
  • the filaments for the nonwoven web according to the invention may be monocomponent filaments and / or bicomponent filaments or multicomponent filaments.
  • the bicomponent filaments or multi-component filaments may have a side-by-side structure or a core-shell structure.
  • hollow fibers are used as filaments for the nonwoven web according to the invention.
  • multicomponent filaments preferably bicomponent filaments having a core-shell structure
  • the hydrophilic additive is present exclusively in the shell component of these bicomponent filaments or multi-component filaments.
  • a very preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least a portion of the filaments are spun as spliceable multi-component filaments, preferably bicomponent filaments with the hydrophilic additive in at least one component and that at least a portion of the spliceable multi-component filaments is spliced during hydrodynamic consolidation.
  • Spliceable multi-component filaments or bicomponent filaments in particular means filaments whose components consist of incompatible polymer components. At least one polymer component in these multi-component filaments is made from a mixture of the polymer and a hydrophilic one Spun additive.
  • the fact that the spliceable multi-component filaments are spliced during the hydrodynamic consolidation means in the context of the invention that these filaments are spliced over at least part of their length.
  • the embodiment explained above is of particular importance.
  • splicing can be carried out with lower energy expenditure compared with the measures known from the prior art. This is of course a considerable advantage.
  • the spliceable multi-component filaments used in the invention have a side-by-side structure or a segmented-pie structure (also referred to as an orange type or orange structure). These multi-component filaments can be present as solid fibers or as hollow fibers.
  • a hydrophilic additive is used in the context of the method according to the invention, which has a different solubility in the individual components of the multi-component filaments.
  • a hydrophilic additive which, due to the different solubility in the individual components of the multicomponent filaments, concentrates in the phase boundaries and thus reduces the limit adhesion.
  • a particularly effective splicing is achieved in the hydrodynamic consolidation of spliceable multicomponent filaments.
  • the nonwoven web is preconsolidated before being heated and, if appropriate, moistened.
  • This preconsolidation can be carried out thermally or mechanically, for example by needling.
  • the preconsolidation can also be hydrodynamic.
  • the nonwoven web formed from the filaments is heated to a temperature of at least 40 ° C and up to a temperature of 20 ° C below the melting point of a filament surface of the filament forming polymer is heated.
  • the filament surface forming polymer is polyethylene and / or polypropylene
  • the nonwoven web is conveniently heated to a temperature of up to 100 ° C.
  • the water-containing liquid with which the nonwoven web can be moistened is preferably pure water or water to which at least one surface-active substance has been added in order to facilitate the wetting of the (hydrophobic) filaments.
  • the nonwoven web is moistened or sprayed with a heated aqueous liquid with the proviso that the nonwoven web is heated to a temperature of at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 25 ° C and very preferably at least 30 ° C.
  • the nonwoven web is moistened with the water-containing liquid at a temperature of at least 20 ° C, preferably of at least 25 ° C and very preferably of at least 30 ° C.
  • the moistening of the nonwoven web takes place at a temperature of 35 ° C and preferably at a temperature of at least 40 ° C. It is within the scope of the invention that the nonwoven web is kept moist at such elevated temperature until or until shortly before hydrodynamic consolidation. According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven web is moistened with the water-containing liquid heated to a temperature of at least 20 ° C., preferably to a temperature of at least 25 ° C. and very preferably to a temperature of at least 30 ° C.
  • the moistening of the nonwoven web with water-containing liquid which is heated to a temperature of at least 35 ° C, preferably to a temperature of at least 40 ° C or preheated. It is within the scope of the invention that the moistening of the nonwoven web takes place with preheated water. It may be a spraying of the nonwoven web with the liquid and / or a dipping of the nonwoven web into the liquid and / or a vapor deposition the nonwoven web with water vapor. Water-containing liquid in the context of the invention therefore also means vaporous water.
  • the hydrodynamic consolidation of the nonwoven web is effected by water jet treatment.
  • this hydroentanglement or water jet needling fine, very fast water jets solidify the nonwoven fabric.
  • the hydrodynamic solidification takes place immediately after the other method steps according to the invention, that is to say preferably immediately after the heating and optionally moistening of the nonwoven web. Then the process is thus driven inline, d. H. the production of the nonwoven web or the spunbonded nonwoven takes place continuously and without interruption.
  • the method can also be carried out offline, ie. H. with an interruption of the procedural step sequence.
  • the nonwoven web can be heated after the heating and, if necessary, moistening and possibly wound up wet, and preferably the wound nonwoven web is then stored in a tempered room, for example several hours or several days.
  • the storage temperature is at least 40 ° C.
  • the filament surface is made of a polyolefin, particularly polypropylene or polyethylene
  • the storage temperature is preferably 40 ° C to 100 ° C. It is within the scope of the invention that the nonwoven web is kept moist during storage, for example by storage in an atmosphere with a high moisture content or high humidity. In principle, however, the nonwoven web can also be stored only warm, for example by being wrapped in an electric blanket.
  • the invention is based on the finding that in the case of a nonwoven web which consists of filaments with a hydrophilic additive, after the pretreatment according to the invention by heating and, if appropriate, moistening, a very great effective hydrodynamic consolidation or hydroentanglement can take place.
  • a pretreated nonwoven web according to the invention surprisingly effective momentum transfer from the water to the filaments is achieved during hydrodynamic consolidation.
  • FIGURE shows the process step according to the invention schematically.
  • the spun filaments 1 are deposited on a tray designed as an endlessly circulating Ablegesiebband 2 to the spunbonded web 3.
  • the spun-bonded nonwoven web 3 is then conveyed in the direction of the arrow, first in a treatment station 4, in which a pre-consolidation takes place.
  • the pre-consolidation can be carried out, for example, thermally.
  • the spunbonded web 3 is fed to the second treatment station 5.
  • both a heating and a moistening of the spunbonded nonwoven web 3 are preferably carried out.
  • the spunbonded nonwoven web 3 is treated with water preheated to, for example, 50.degree.
  • the spunbonded web 3 is introduced into a solidification device 6, in which the hydrodynamic Ver-consolidation takes place.
  • a nonwoven bonding is carried out by water jet treatment or by treatment with high pressure water jets.
  • the hydrodynamic solidification can be carried out surprisingly effectively.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Spinnvlieses aus Filamenten, insbesondere aus Filamenten aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, wobei die Filamente zur Vliesbahn abgelegt werden und wobei die Vliesbahn hydrodynamisch verfestigt wird. - Filamente meint im Rahmen der Erfindung Endlosfasern, d. h. theoretisch unendlich lange Fäden, aus denen die Vliesbahn bzw. das Spinnvlies gebildet wird. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Vliesbahn bzw. das Spinnvlies kontinuierlich aus den Filamenten gebildet wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a spunbonded filament, in particular from filaments of thermoplastic material, wherein the filaments are deposited to the nonwoven web and wherein the nonwoven web is hydrodynamically solidified. - Filaments means in the context of the invention continuous fibers, d. H. theoretically infinitely long threads from which the nonwoven web or the spunbonded web is formed. It is within the scope of the invention that the nonwoven web or the spunbonded nonwoven fabric is formed continuously from the filaments.

Aus der Praxis ist es grundsätzlich bekannt, eine Vliesbahn aus Filamenten hydrodynamisch zu verfestigen bzw. einer Wasserstrahlverfestigung zu unter ziehen. Die Filamente der Vliesbahn sind aber häufig hydrophob bzw. weisen eine hydrophobe Oberfläche auf. Das gilt insbesondere bei Filamenten aus Polyolefinen, beispielsweise aus Polyethylen oder Polypropylen. Aufgrund des hydrophoben Charakters lässt die Effektivität der Impulsübertragung vom Wasser auf die Filamente bei der Wasserstrahlverfestigung oft zu wünschen übrig. Insoweit ist das aus der Praxis bekannte Verfahren verbesserungsbedürftig.From practice, it is basically known to hydrodynamically solidify a nonwoven web of filaments or to draw a hydroentanglement under. However, the filaments of the nonwoven web are often hydrophobic or have a hydrophobic surface. This applies in particular to filaments of polyolefins, for example of polyethylene or polypropylene. Due to its hydrophobic character, the effectiveness of momentum transfer from water to filaments in hydroentanglement often leaves much to be desired. In that regard, the known from practice method is in need of improvement.

Aus US 2001/014393 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinnvliesen aus Multikomponentenfilamenten bekannt. Dabei bestehen die Multikomponentenfilamente aus miteinander nicht kompatiblen Polymeren, von denen zumindest ein Polymer ein die Hydrophilie veränderndes Additiv enthält. Die Filamente werden zu einem Spinnvlies abgelegt und das Spinnvlies wird nach einer Vorverfestigung durch Beaufschlagung mit einem unter hohem Druck stehenden Fluid gebondet. Dabei werden die Filamente gespleist.Out US 2001/014393 A1 is a method for the production of spunbonded multi-component filaments known. In this case, the multicomponent filaments consist of mutually incompatible polymers, of which at least one polymer contains a hydrophilicity-changing additive. The filaments are laid down into a spunbonded fabric and the spunbonded fabric, after preconsolidation, is bonded by application of a high pressure fluid. The filaments are being worked on.

Fernerhin ist aus US 5 913 997 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Filamenten bekannt, die zu einer Vliesbahn abgelegt werden. Vor dem mechanischen Bonden bzw. Kalandrieren wird die Vliesbahn vorgewärmt.Furthermore, it is off US 5,913,997 a method for the production of filaments are known, which are deposited to a nonwoven web. Before the mechanical bonding or calendering, the nonwoven web is preheated.

Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit dem auch bei hydrophoben Filamenten bzw. bei hydrophoben Filamentoberflächen eine effektive hydrodynamische Verfestigung möglich ist.The invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method of the type mentioned above, with which even with hydrophobic filaments or hydrophobic filament surfaces effective hydrodynamic solidification is possible.

Zur Lösung dieses technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Spinnvlieses aus Filamenten, insbesondere aus Filamenten aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff,
wobei die Filamente aus einer Mischung aus zumindest einem Polymeren und zumindest einem hydrophilen Additiv gesponnen werden und zur Vliesbahn abgelegt werden,
wobei die Vliesbahn vorverfestigt wird,
wobei die Vliesbahn auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 40 °Cund bis zu einer Temperatur von 20 °C unter dem Schmelzpunkt eines die Filamentoberfläche bildenden Polymers erwärmt wird und
wobei die Vliesbahn im Anschluss daran hydrodynamisch verfestigt wird.To solve this technical problem, the invention teaches a method for producing a spunbonded filament, in particular from filaments of thermoplastic material,
wherein the filaments are spun from a mixture of at least one polymer and at least one hydrophilic additive and deposited to the nonwoven web,
wherein the nonwoven web is preconsolidated,
wherein the nonwoven web is heated to a temperature of at least 40 ° C and up to a temperature of 20 ° C below the melting point of a filament surface forming polymer, and
wherein the nonwoven web is subsequently hydrodynamically solidified.

Die Vliesbahn kann zusätzlich zu der Erwärmung und vor der hydrodynamischen Verfestigung mit einer wasserhaltigen Flüssigkeit befeuchtet werden. - Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass als Polymer für die Filamente ein thermoplastisches Polymer bzw. thermoplastische Polymere eingesetzt werden. Es liegt fernerhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Filamente hauptsächlich aus diesem Polymeren bzw. aus diesen Polymeren bestehen. Nach sehr bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die Mischung, aus der die Filamente gesponnen werden, zumindest zu 90 Gew.%, vorzugsweise zumindest zu 95 Gew.%, aus dem Polymeren. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Filamente zu mehr als 95 Gew.% aus dem zumindest einen Polymeren. Die Mischung, aus der die Filamente gesponnen werden, enthält zweckmäßigerweise 0,1 bis 5 Gew.%, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 3 Gew.% und sehr bevorzugt 0,15 bis 2,5 Gew.% des hydrophilen Additivs. Der Patentanspruch 1 unterscheidet zwischen dem zumindest einen Polymeren und dem zumindest einen hydrophilen Additiv. Bei dem vorgenannten Polymer (aus dem die Filamente hauptsächlich bestehen) handelt es sich um ein nicht hydrophiles bzw. nicht ausreichend hydrophiles Polymer, das aber hydrophil modifizierbar ist. Bei diesem Polymer handelt es sich sehr bevorzugt um ein Polyolefin, vorzugsweise um Polyethylen oder Polypropylen. Dieses Polymer kann aber auch ein Polyester oder beispielsweise ein Polyamid sein. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das hydrophile Additiv ebenfalls ein Polymer, nämlich ein hydrophiles Polymer ist. - Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Mischung, aus denen die Filamente gesponnen werden, in Bezug auf Konzentration und/oder Art der Bestandteile, so einzustellen, dass sich nach einer Lagerzeit von 3 bis 9 Tagen, vorzugsweise von 4 bis 8 Tagen und sehr bevorzugt von 5 bis 7 Tagen die Oberflächenspannung der Filamente um mindestens 5 mN/m ändert bzw. ändern würde.The nonwoven web may be moistened with a water-containing liquid in addition to heating and prior to hydrodynamic consolidation. It is within the scope of the invention that the polymer used for the filaments is a thermoplastic polymer or thermoplastic polymers. It is also within the scope of the invention that the filaments mainly consist of this polymer or of these polymers. According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture from which the filaments are spun consists of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, of the polymer. The filaments preferably consist of more than 95% by weight of the at least one polymer. The mixture from which the filaments are spun expediently contains 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight and very preferably 0.15 to 2.5% by weight of the hydrophilic additive. Claim 1 distinguishes between the at least one polymer and the at least one hydrophilic additive. In the aforementioned polymer (of which the filaments mainly consist) is a non-hydrophilic or not sufficiently hydrophilic polymer, but which is hydrophilic modifiable. This polymer is very preferably a polyolefin, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene. However, this polymer can also be a polyester or, for example, a polyamide. It is within the scope of the invention that the hydrophilic additive is also a polymer, namely a hydrophilic polymer. - According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture from which the filaments are spun, in terms of concentration and / or type of ingredients to adjust so that after a storage time of 3 to 9 days, preferably from 4 to 8 days and very preferably from 5 to 7 days, the surface tension of the filaments would change or change by at least 5 mN / m.

Wie oben bereits angesprochen ist das hydrophile Additiv nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein hydrophiles Polymer. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass es sich bei dem hydrophilen Additiv um eine ethoxylierte organische Verbindung bzw. um ein ethoxyliertes Polymer handelt. Nach sehr bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird zumindest ein hydrophiles Additiv aus der Gruppe "Polyalkylenoxid, Polyalkylenoxid-Verbindung, ethoxyliertes Silikon, ethoxyliertes Siloxan, ethoxylierter Kohlenwasserstoff, ethoxylierter Fluorkohlenwasserstoff' eingesetzt. Wenn ein Polyalkylenoxid verwendet wird, kann es sich nach einer Ausführungsform um Polyethylenoxid handeln. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung als hydrophiles Additiv mit Polyalkylenoxid modifizierte Polymere einzusetzen.As already mentioned above, the hydrophilic additive according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is a hydrophilic polymer. It is within the scope of the invention that the hydrophilic additive is an ethoxylated organic compound or an ethoxylated polymer. According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one hydrophilic additive from the group "polyalkylene oxide, polyalkylene oxide compound, ethoxylated silicone, ethoxylated siloxane, ethoxylated hydrocarbon, ethoxylated Fluorocarbon 'used. When a polyalkylene oxide is used, one embodiment may be polyethylene oxide. It is within the scope of the invention to use as a hydrophilic additive modified with polyalkylene oxide polymers.

Bei den Filamenten für die erfindungsgemäße Vliesbahn kann es sich um Monokomponentenfilamente und/oder Bikomponentenfilamente bzw. Mehrkomponentenfilamente handeln. Die Bikomponentenfilamente bzw. Mehrkomponentenfilamente können eine Seite-an-Seite-Struktur oder eine Kern-Mantel-Struktur aufweisen. Nach eine besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden Hohlfasern als Filamente für die erfindungsgemäße Vliesbahn eingesetzt.The filaments for the nonwoven web according to the invention may be monocomponent filaments and / or bicomponent filaments or multicomponent filaments. The bicomponent filaments or multi-component filaments may have a side-by-side structure or a core-shell structure. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, hollow fibers are used as filaments for the nonwoven web according to the invention.

Nach ganz besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden Mehrkomponentenfilamente, vorzugsweise Bikomponenten-Filamente mit Kern-Mantel-Struktur mit dem hydrophilen Additiv in der Mantelkomponente gesponnen. Dabei liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das hydrophile Additiv ausschließlich in der Mantelkomponente dieser Bikomponentenfilamente bzw. Mehrkomponentenfilamente vorhanden ist.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, multicomponent filaments, preferably bicomponent filaments having a core-shell structure, are spun with the hydrophilic additive in the shell component. It is within the scope of the invention that the hydrophilic additive is present exclusively in the shell component of these bicomponent filaments or multi-component filaments.

Eine sehr bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Teil der Filamente als spleißfähige Mehrkomponentenfilamente, vorzugsweise Bikomponentenfilamente mit dem hydrophilen Additiv in zumindest einer Komponente gesponnen werden und dass zumindest ein Teil der spleißfähigen Mehrkomponentenfilamente während der hydrodynamischen Verfestigung gespleißt wird. Spleißfähige Mehrkomponentenfilamente bzw. Bikomponentenfilamente meint insbesondere Filamente, deren Komponenten aus inkompatiblen Polymerkomponenten bestehen. Mindestens eine Polymerkomponente in diesen Mehrkomponentenfilamenten wird aus einer Mischung aus dem Polymer und einem hydrophilen Additiv ersponnen. Dass die spleißfähigen Mehrkomponentenfilamente während der hydrodynamischen Verfestigung gespleißt werden, meint im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass diese Filamente über zumindest einen Teil ihrer Länge gespleißt werden. Der vorstehend erläuterten Ausführungsform kommt ganz besondere Bedeutung zu. Überraschenderweise kann aufgrund einer besseren Benetzung der Mehrkomponentenfilamente während der hydrodynamischen Verfestigung das Spleißen mit im Vergleich zu aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Maßnahmen niedrigerem Energieaufwand durchgeführt werden. Das ist natürlich ein beachtlicher Vorteil. - Die im Rahmen der Erfindung eingesetzten spleißfähigen Mehrkomponentenfilamente haben eine Seite-an-Seite-Struktur oder eine segmented-pie-Struktur (auch als Orangentyp bzw. Orangenstruktur bezeichnet). Diese Mehrkomponentenfilamente können als Vollfasern oder als Hohlfasern vorliegen.A very preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least a portion of the filaments are spun as spliceable multi-component filaments, preferably bicomponent filaments with the hydrophilic additive in at least one component and that at least a portion of the spliceable multi-component filaments is spliced during hydrodynamic consolidation. Spliceable multi-component filaments or bicomponent filaments in particular means filaments whose components consist of incompatible polymer components. At least one polymer component in these multi-component filaments is made from a mixture of the polymer and a hydrophilic one Spun additive. The fact that the spliceable multi-component filaments are spliced during the hydrodynamic consolidation means in the context of the invention that these filaments are spliced over at least part of their length. The embodiment explained above is of particular importance. Surprisingly, because of better wetting of the multicomponent filaments during hydrodynamic consolidation, splicing can be carried out with lower energy expenditure compared with the measures known from the prior art. This is of course a considerable advantage. The spliceable multi-component filaments used in the invention have a side-by-side structure or a segmented-pie structure (also referred to as an orange type or orange structure). These multi-component filaments can be present as solid fibers or as hollow fibers.

Sehr bevorzugt wird im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ein hydrophiles Additiv eingesetzt, das eine unterschiedliche Löslichkeit in den einzelnen Komponenten der Mehrkomponentenfilamente aufweist. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei ein hydrophiles Additiv, das durch die unterschiedliche Löslichkeit in den einzelnen Komponenten der Mehrkomponentenfilamente sich in den Phasengrenzen aufkonzentriert und damit die Grenzhaftung herabsetzt. Dadurch wird bei der hydrodynamischen Verfestigung von spleißfähigen Mehrkomponentenfilamenten ein besonders effektives Spleißen erzielt.Very preferably, a hydrophilic additive is used in the context of the method according to the invention, which has a different solubility in the individual components of the multi-component filaments. Particularly preferred is a hydrophilic additive which, due to the different solubility in the individual components of the multicomponent filaments, concentrates in the phase boundaries and thus reduces the limit adhesion. As a result, a particularly effective splicing is achieved in the hydrodynamic consolidation of spliceable multicomponent filaments.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Vliesbahn vor ihrer Erwärmung und ggf. Befeuchtung vorverfestigt. Diese Vorverfestigung kann thermisch oder mechanisch, beispielsweise durch Vernadeln durchgeführt werden. Grundsätzlich kann auch die Vorverfestigung hydrodynamisch erfolgen.According to the invention, the nonwoven web is preconsolidated before being heated and, if appropriate, moistened. This preconsolidation can be carried out thermally or mechanically, for example by needling. In principle, the preconsolidation can also be hydrodynamic.

Weiterhin wird erfindungsgemäß die aus den Filamenten gebildete Vliesbahn auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 40 °C erhitzt sowie bis zu einer Temperatur von 20 °C unter dem Schmelzpunkt eines die Filamentoberfläche der Filamente bildenden Polymers erwärmt wird. Wenn das die Filamentoberfläche bildende Polymer Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen ist, wird die Vliesbahn zweckmäßigerweise auf eine Temperatur bis zu 100 °C erwärmt.Furthermore, according to the invention, the nonwoven web formed from the filaments is heated to a temperature of at least 40 ° C and up to a temperature of 20 ° C below the melting point of a filament surface of the filament forming polymer is heated. When the filament surface forming polymer is polyethylene and / or polypropylene, the nonwoven web is conveniently heated to a temperature of up to 100 ° C.

Bei der wasserhaltigen Flüssigkeit, mit der die Vliesbahn befeuchtet werden kann, handelt es sich vorzugsweise um reines Wasser oder um Wasser, dem zumindest eine oberflächenaktive Substanz zugemischt ist, um die Benetzung der (hydrophoben) Filamente zu erleichtern. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Vliesbahn mit einer erwärmten wasserhaltigen Flüssigkeit mit der Maßgabe befeuchtet bzw. besprüht, dass die Vliesbahn auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 20 °C, vorzugsweise mindestens 25 °C und sehr bevorzugt mindestens 30 °C erwärmt wird. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Vliesbahn bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 20 °C, vorzugsweise von mindestens 25 °C und sehr bevorzugt von mindestens 30 °C, mit der wasserhaltigen Flüssigkeit befeuchtet. Zweckmäßigerweise erfolgt die Befeuchtung der Vliesbahn bei einer Temperatur von 35 °C und bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 40 °C. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Vliesbahn bei solch einer erhöhten Temperatur bis zur oder bis kurz vor der hydrodynamischen Verfestigung feucht gehalten wird. Nach einer sehr bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Vliesbahn mit der auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 20 °C, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 25 °C und sehr bevorzugt auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 30 °C erwärmten wasserhaltigen Flüssigkeit befeuchtet. Zweckmäßigerweise erfolgt die Befeuchtung der Vliesbahn mit wasserhaltiger Flüssigkeit, die auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 35 °C, bevorzugt auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 40 °C erwärmt bzw. vorgewärmt ist. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Befeuchtung der Vliesbahn mit vorgewärmtem Wasser erfolgt. Es kann ein Besprühen der Vliesbahn mit der Flüssigkeit und/oder ein Eintauchen der Vliesbahn in die Flüssigkeit erfolgen und/oder eine Bedampfung der Vliesbahn mit Wasserdampf. Wasserhaltige Flüssigkeit meint im Rahmen der Erfindung also auch dampfförmiges Wasser.The water-containing liquid with which the nonwoven web can be moistened is preferably pure water or water to which at least one surface-active substance has been added in order to facilitate the wetting of the (hydrophobic) filaments. Advantageously, the nonwoven web is moistened or sprayed with a heated aqueous liquid with the proviso that the nonwoven web is heated to a temperature of at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 25 ° C and very preferably at least 30 ° C. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven web is moistened with the water-containing liquid at a temperature of at least 20 ° C, preferably of at least 25 ° C and very preferably of at least 30 ° C. Appropriately, the moistening of the nonwoven web takes place at a temperature of 35 ° C and preferably at a temperature of at least 40 ° C. It is within the scope of the invention that the nonwoven web is kept moist at such elevated temperature until or until shortly before hydrodynamic consolidation. According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven web is moistened with the water-containing liquid heated to a temperature of at least 20 ° C., preferably to a temperature of at least 25 ° C. and very preferably to a temperature of at least 30 ° C. Appropriately, the moistening of the nonwoven web with water-containing liquid which is heated to a temperature of at least 35 ° C, preferably to a temperature of at least 40 ° C or preheated. It is within the scope of the invention that the moistening of the nonwoven web takes place with preheated water. It may be a spraying of the nonwoven web with the liquid and / or a dipping of the nonwoven web into the liquid and / or a vapor deposition the nonwoven web with water vapor. Water-containing liquid in the context of the invention therefore also means vaporous water.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die hydrodynamische Verfestigung der Vliesbahn durch Wasserstrahlbehandlung erfolgt. Bei dieser Wasserstrahlverfestigung bzw. Wasserstrahlvernadelung verfestigen feine, sehr schnelle Wasserstrahlen den Vliesstoff. Nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung erfolgt die hydrodynamische Verfestigung unmittelbar nach den anderen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritten, also vorzugsweise unmittelbar nach der Erwärmung und ggf. Befeuchtung der Vliesbahn. Dann wird das Verfahren also gleichsam inline gefahren, d. h. die Herstellung der Vliesbahn bzw. des Spinnvlieses erfolgt kontinuierlich und ohne Unterbrechung.It is within the scope of the invention that the hydrodynamic consolidation of the nonwoven web is effected by water jet treatment. In this hydroentanglement or water jet needling fine, very fast water jets solidify the nonwoven fabric. According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrodynamic solidification takes place immediately after the other method steps according to the invention, that is to say preferably immediately after the heating and optionally moistening of the nonwoven web. Then the process is thus driven inline, d. H. the production of the nonwoven web or the spunbonded nonwoven takes place continuously and without interruption.

Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann das Verfahren aber auch offline durchgeführt werden, d. h. mit einer Unterbrechung der Ver-fahrensschrittfolge. Die Vliesbahn kann nach der Erwärmung und ggf. Befeuchtung erwärmt und ggf. feucht aufgewickelt werden und vorzugsweise wird die aufgewickelte Vliesbahn dann in einem temperierten Raum gelagert, beispielsweise mehrere Stunden oder mehrere Tage. Die Lagertemperatur beträgt dabei mindestens 40 °C. Wenn die Filamentoberfläche aus einem Polyolefin, insbesondere aus Polypropylen oder Polyethylen besteht, beträgt die Lagerungstemperatur vorzugsweise 40 °C bis 100 °C. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Vliesbahn während der Lagerung feucht gehalten wird, beispielsweise durch Lagerung in einer Atmosphäre mit hohem Feuchtegehalt bzw. mit hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit. Grundsätzlich kann die Vliesbahn aber auch lediglich warm gelagert werden, indem sie beispielsweise in eine Heizdecke eingewickelt wird.According to another embodiment of the invention, however, the method can also be carried out offline, ie. H. with an interruption of the procedural step sequence. The nonwoven web can be heated after the heating and, if necessary, moistening and possibly wound up wet, and preferably the wound nonwoven web is then stored in a tempered room, for example several hours or several days. The storage temperature is at least 40 ° C. When the filament surface is made of a polyolefin, particularly polypropylene or polyethylene, the storage temperature is preferably 40 ° C to 100 ° C. It is within the scope of the invention that the nonwoven web is kept moist during storage, for example by storage in an atmosphere with a high moisture content or high humidity. In principle, however, the nonwoven web can also be stored only warm, for example by being wrapped in an electric blanket.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass bei einer Vliesbahn, die aus Filamenten mit einem hydrophilen Additiv besteht, nach der erfindungsgemäßen Vorbehandlung durch Erwärmung und ggf. Befeuchtung eine sehr effektive hydrodynamische Verfestigung bzw. Wasserstrahlverfestigung erfolgen kann. Bei einer solchen erfindungsgemäß vorbehandelten Vliesbahn wird bei der hydrodynamischen Verfestigung eine überraschend wirksame Impulsübertragung von dem Wasser auf die Filamente erreicht.The invention is based on the finding that in the case of a nonwoven web which consists of filaments with a hydrophilic additive, after the pretreatment according to the invention by heating and, if appropriate, moistening, a very great effective hydrodynamic consolidation or hydroentanglement can take place. In such a pretreated nonwoven web according to the invention, surprisingly effective momentum transfer from the water to the filaments is achieved during hydrodynamic consolidation.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensschrittfolge schematisch.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. The single FIGURE shows the process step according to the invention schematically.

Die gesponnenen Filamente 1 werden auf einer als endlos umlaufendes Ablegesiebband 2 ausgebildeten Ablage zur Spinnvliesbahn 3 abgelegt. Die Spinnvliesbahn 3 wird dann in Richtung des Pfeiles befördert und zwar zunächst in eine Behandlungsstation 4, in der eine Vorverfestigung erfolgt. Die Vorverfestigung kann beispielsweise thermisch durchgeführt werden. Daraufhin wird die Spinnvliesbahn 3 der zweiten Behandlungsstation 5 zugeführt. In dieser zweiten Behandlungsstation 5 erfolgt vorzugsweise sowohl eine Erwärmung als auch eine Befeuchtung der Spinnvliesbahn 3. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Spinnvliesbahn 3 dabei mit auf beispielsweise 50 °C vorgewärmtem Wasser behandelt. Im Anschluss daran wird die Spinnvliesbahn 3 in eine Verfestigungsvorrichtung 6 eingeführt, in der die hydrodynamische Ver-festigung erfolgt. D. h. es wird eine Vliesverfestigung durch Wasserstrahlbehandlung bzw. durch Behandlung mit Hochdruckwasserstrahlen durchgeführt. Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann die hydrodynamische Verfestigung überraschend effektiv erfolgen.The spun filaments 1 are deposited on a tray designed as an endlessly circulating Ablegesiebband 2 to the spunbonded web 3. The spun-bonded nonwoven web 3 is then conveyed in the direction of the arrow, first in a treatment station 4, in which a pre-consolidation takes place. The pre-consolidation can be carried out, for example, thermally. Then the spunbonded web 3 is fed to the second treatment station 5. In this second treatment station 5, both a heating and a moistening of the spunbonded nonwoven web 3 are preferably carried out. Conveniently, the spunbonded nonwoven web 3 is treated with water preheated to, for example, 50.degree. Subsequently, the spunbonded web 3 is introduced into a solidification device 6, in which the hydrodynamic Ver-consolidation takes place. Ie. A nonwoven bonding is carried out by water jet treatment or by treatment with high pressure water jets. In the context of the method according to the invention, the hydrodynamic solidification can be carried out surprisingly effectively.

Claims (8)

  1. A method for producing a spunbonded fabric formed of filaments (1), in particular formed of filaments (1) made of a thermoplastic polymer,
    wherein the filaments (1) are spun from a mixture of at least one polymer and at least one hydrophilic additive and are plaited to form a non-woven mat (3),
    wherein the non-woven mat (3) is pre-bonded,
    wherein the pre-bonded non-woven mat (3) is heated to a temperature of at least 40 °C and up to a temperature of 20 °C below the melting point of a polymer forming the filament surface, and
    wherein the non-woven mat is subsequently bonded hydrodynamically.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture from which the filaments (1) are spun consists of at least 90 % by weight, preferably at least 95 % by weight of the polymer.
  3. The method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least one hydrophilic additive from the group "polyalkylene oxide, polyalkylene oxide compound, ethoxylated silicone, ethoxylated siloxane, ethoxylated hydrocarbon, ethoxylated fluorocarbon" is used.
  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least some of the filaments are spun as multi-component filaments, preferably bi-component filaments having a core-casing structure with the hydrophilic additive in the casing component.
  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least some of the filaments are spun as spliceable multi-component filaments, preferably bi-component filaments, the hydrophilic additive being spun in at least one component, and wherein at least some of these spliceable multi-component filaments are spliced during the hydrodynamic bonding.
  6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the non-woven mat is moistened with an aqueous liquid before the hydrodynamic bonding.
  7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the non-woven mat (3) is moistened with the aqueous liquid at a temperature of at least 20 °C, preferably of at least 25 °C and very preferably of at least 30 °C.
  8. The method according to either claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the non-woven mat (3) is moistened or sprayed with a heated liquid with the proviso that the non-woven mat is heated to a temperature of at least 20 °C, preferably at least 25 °C, very preferably at least 30 °C.
EP05001080.0A 2004-02-09 2005-01-20 Method of making a spunbonded filamentary web Not-in-force EP1561848B2 (en)

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ES2440256T3 (en) 2008-05-29 2014-01-28 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Procedure and device for manufacturing nonwoven fabric from filaments
CN102277690B (en) * 2011-06-02 2014-07-23 湖南中核无纺有限公司 Hydrophilic base fabric and making method thereof
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BRPI0500378A (en) 2005-10-04
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DE102004006373A1 (en) 2005-09-15
CN1654732A (en) 2005-08-17
EP1561848A1 (en) 2005-08-10
EP1561848B2 (en) 2015-11-25
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US20050173842A1 (en) 2005-08-11
DE102004006373B4 (en) 2014-12-31
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KR20060041645A (en) 2006-05-12
US7914719B2 (en) 2011-03-29

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