EP1550182A2 - Method of producing a photonic bandgap structure on a microwave device and slot-type antennas employing one such structure - Google Patents
Method of producing a photonic bandgap structure on a microwave device and slot-type antennas employing one such structureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1550182A2 EP1550182A2 EP03767920A EP03767920A EP1550182A2 EP 1550182 A2 EP1550182 A2 EP 1550182A2 EP 03767920 A EP03767920 A EP 03767920A EP 03767920 A EP03767920 A EP 03767920A EP 1550182 A2 EP1550182 A2 EP 1550182A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- antenna
- bip
- produced
- patterns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/2005—Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/2016—Slot line filters; Fin line filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of producing a photonic band gap structure on a microwave device, more particularly on a device of the slit type produced on a metallized substrate.
- the present invention also relates to slot type antennas using such a structure.
- the photonic bandgap structures known by the abbreviation BIP or generally by the term "photonic band gap structure" in English are periodic structures which prohibit the propagation of a wave for certain frequency bands. These structures were first used in the optical field but, in recent years, their application has extended to other frequency ranges. Thus, they are used in particular in microwave devices such as antennas, filters, guides, etc.
- the BIP structures are obtained mainly either by engraving periodic patterns obtained by de-metallization of the ground plane of the structure produced in microstrip technology as described above, or by periodically piercing the substrate comprising the circuits in microstrip technology while maintaining the continuity of the ground plane.
- the present invention therefore aims to propose a method for producing a new structure with photonic bandgaps on a microwave device as well as its application in antennas, in particular antennas of the annular slot type or Vivaldi type antennas for perform filtering or frequency adaptation of said antenna.
- the subject of the present invention is a method for producing a structure with photonic band gaps (BIP) on a microwave device of the slit type produced on a metallized substrate, characterized in that it consists in forming on the face of the substrate opposite the face receiving the slot periodically spaced metal patterns.
- BIP photonic band gaps
- the periodicity between two patterns is equal to k ⁇ g / 2 where ⁇ g is the wavelength guided in the slot at the frequency of the selected band gap and k an odd integer.
- the width and the depth of the forbidden band depend on the surface of the periodic pattern.
- a periodic pattern can have the shape of a disc, a square, a ring or be constituted by H-shaped elements or any other known shape which can be repeated periodically and whose surface area will determine the width and the depth of the band gap.
- the periodic patterns can be different patterns having the same equivalent surface, namely for a pattern in the form of a disc, the ratio r / a in which r is the radius and at the distance between two patterns is identical throughout the structure.
- the periodic pattern is produced by etching a metallic layer deposited on the face of the substrate opposite the face receiving the slot.
- the periodic patterns are made at least partly under the slit.
- the present invention also relates to microwave antennas in which a BIP structure is formed to obtain filtering of certain undesirable frequencies or to obtain several communication bands by opening prohibited bands on the frequency response of a very wide band antenna. This type of antenna is particularly interesting in the field of wireless telecommunications.
- the present invention therefore relates to a microwave antenna consisting of a closed slot made on a metallized substrate, the slot being supplied by a supply line, characterized in that it comprises under the closed slot, a strip structure prohibited carried out according to the process described above.
- the periodicity of the patterns of the BIP structure is chosen so that the frequency of the band gap is equal to one of the harmonics of the operating frequency of the closed slot.
- the periodicity of the patterns of the BIP structure is chosen so that the frequency of the forbidden band is greater than the operating frequency of the closed slot.
- the structure is used in its bandwidth, which makes it possible to make the circuits using slots more compact.
- the closed slot is an annular slot.
- the slit is fed according to a line-slit transition by a feed line produced in microstrip technology.
- a structure with photonic bandgaps is produced by de-metallization of the surface of the substrate opposite to the surface on which the microstrip line is produced.
- a Vivaldi type slot antenna characterized in that it comprises a photonic band gap structure produced according to the method described above.
- the strip structure prohibited is carried out along at least one of the profiles of the slot forming the Vivaldi type antenna.
- the Vivaldi type antenna is supplied in a line-slot transition by a supply line produced using microstrip technology.
- a supply line produced using microstrip technology.
- forbidden bands either by adding under the microstrip line, a structure with photonic forbidden bands by demetallization of the surface of the substrate receiving the line, or by having two sizes with prohibited photonic bands. distinct, one on the first profile of the Vivaldi type antenna, corresponding to a first frequency band to be prohibited, and the other on the other profile of the Vivaldi type antenna, corresponding to a second band of frequency to be prohibited.
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a microwave device of the slot type provided with a structure according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d schematically represent different perspective views of a microwave device of the slit type provided with a photonic band gap structure in which the patterns have different shapes.
- Figures 3a and 3b show embodiments in which the surface of the patterns follows a particular law.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b are curves comparing the reflection and transmission coefficients of a line-slot transition provided with a photonic band gap structure with a classic line-slit transition.
- Figure 6 is a curve giving the transmission coefficient in the case of a photonic bandgap structure made up of discs as shown in Figure 4, showing the influence of the radius of the discs on the bandgap.
- FIG. 7 is a curve giving the transmission and reflection coefficients in the case where the photonic band gap structure has been dimensioned to reduce the size of the band gap.
- FIG. 8 schematically represents an antenna of the annular slit type provided with a photonic band gap structure, according to a mode of use of the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 represents a curve giving the reflection coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG. 8, by comparison with an annular slot antenna of the conventional type.
- FIG. 10 represents the main radiation components of the antenna in the case of an antenna of the annular slot type, comparing the case of an antenna provided with a photonic band gap structure and of an antenna of the conventional type.
- Figures 11a and 11b show different shapes for the pattern of the photonic band gap structure.
- FIG. 12 is a curve giving the reflection coefficient of the antennas of FIGS. 11a and 11b, by comparison with an antenna of the conventional annular slot type.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of an annular slot antenna provided with a BIP structure in accordance with the present invention and supplied by a microstrip type supply line, provided with a BIP structure of conventional type.
- FIG. 14 is a curve giving the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency for the various antennas of the annular slit type represented in the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a Vivaldi type antenna provided with a BIP structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a curve giving the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency, in the case of the Vivaldi type antenna represented in FIG. 15, by comparison with a Vivaldi antenna of the conventional type, and
- Figures 17a and 17b are schematic representations of two other embodiments of a Vivaldi type antenna, according to the present invention.
- the device is a printed circuit provided with a slit line. More specifically, the device comprises a substrate 1, one face 2 of which has been metallized and in which a slit line 3 is produced by etching the metal layer 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the substrate has a height h , and is made of a known dielectric material.
- BIP is obtained by producing patterns 4 periodically on the face of the substrate 1 opposite the face carrying the metallic layer 2.
- the patterns 4 are produced by etching a metallic layer giving the metallic patterns 4.
- the patterns 4 are engraved under the slit line 3.
- the patterns 4 are spaced by a distance a which gives the repetition period of the pattern, this distance fixing the central frequency of the bandgap when the patterns are identical. Therefore, the distance "a" is of the order of k ⁇ g / 2 where ⁇ g is the guided wavelength in slot 3 at the center frequency of the forbidden band chosen and k an integer.
- the pattern is of any shape.
- the equivalent surface of the pattern determines the width or the depth of the prohibited band.
- the patterns used can be disc-shaped patterns 4a, as shown in Figure 2a, of rectangle or square 4b, as shown in Figure 2b, of a substantially H shape allowing to play on several parameters such as the dimensions L1, L2 and g, namely a shape with 3 degrees of freedom, as represented by the pattern 4c in FIG. 2b or of annular shape 4d, as represented in FIG. 2d.
- the dimensions of the pattern in particular its equivalent surface, make it possible to adjust the width or the depth of the prohibited band.
- a structure in accordance with the present invention can be obtained by using patterns in the form of a disc whose radius is variable, in a progressive manner, while maintaining a constant spacing between discs. and equal to a.
- the variation can follow a defined mathematical law such as a window type law of Hamming, Barlett or Kaiser.
- Figure 3b the spacing between the discs can also be changed gradually.
- the structures described above can be combined, in particular to obtain a widening of the band gap.
- the center frequency corresponds to the center of the frequency band defined by the minimum frequency of the BIP structure having the lowest center frequency and by the maximum frequency of the BIP structure having the highest central frequency.
- the slit line has been simulated as being excited by two line-slit transitions 12 and 13, at each end of the slit 10.
- the results of the simulation represented in FIG. 5a make it possible to demonstrate the opening of a forbidden band having a width of approximately 1 GHz around the frequency 6.5 GHz.
- FIGS. 8 to 17 various slot type antenna structures provided with BIP structures obtained according to the method described above, to perform filtering functions.
- a BIP structure has been produced under an antenna of the closed slot type, supplied by a feed line, more particularly a line of the microstrip line type, according to a line-slot transition using the Knorr's known laws.
- an annular slot 20 This slot was produced by etching a ground plane on a substrate not shown.
- This annular slot 20 is supplied by a microstrip line 21, the assembly being dimensioned in a known manner for operation at a given frequency F0.
- the antenna has resonances at all the odd multiples of the frequency F0.
- a BIP structure has been produced formed by discs 22 metallized periodically under the annular slot. This BIP 22 structure is dimensioned so as to filter one of the harmonics obtained in the case of an annular slot antenna of conventional type.
- the periodicity a between two patterns 22 has been calculated so as to have a band gap frequency corresponding, for example, to the harmonic of order 3.
- parasitic resonances are obtained around 7 GHz, ie substantially at a value 3F0, while the shape of the reflection coefficient is substantially flat in the region around 5 GHz.
- a BIP structure of the same type can be used in its bandwidth.
- the BIP structure is sized to present a prohibited band at a higher frequency than the desired frequency of use.
- the BIP structure is at the origin of an effect called "slow wave”: the phase of the transmission coefficient of a wave along a slit line is modified by the presence of the metallic pellets under this line. The speed of propagation of the wave under the slit is then slowed down ("Slow-wave effect"). It is therefore possible to propose a BIP structure in which the equivalent electrical length of the slot is modified. In other words, the presence of the BIP structure makes it possible to reduce the guided wavelength in the slot:
- annular slot antenna dimensioned at 2.4 GHz has an identical operation in the presence of a BIP structure but at a lower frequency (2 GHz, for example).
- the shape of the patterns 22a and 22b of the BIP structure can be different, for example circular or square.
- curve 12b if the area of pattern 22a and pattern 22b is equivalent and the spacing a between two patterns is identical, we will obtain substantially identical phenomena, in particular the suppression of the harmonic of rank 3 obtained with an annular slot antenna of the conventional type, when the BIP structure operates as a filter.
- curve 12b if the area of pattern 22a and pattern 22b is equivalent and the spacing a between two patterns is identical, we will obtain substantially identical phenomena, in particular the suppression of the harmonic of rank 3 obtained with an annular slot antenna of the conventional type, when the BIP structure operates as a filter.
- slots are open in the ground plane under the microstrip line.
- a Vivaldi type antenna 31 has been produced by opening a slot by de-metallizing the surface 30, this slot having a profile flaring outwards.
- This Vivaldi type antenna is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in more detail.
- this antenna is supplied by a supply line 32 according to the Knorr principle.
- This supply line 32 is constituted by a microstrip line.
- a BIP structure constituted by a periodic pattern has been etched on the face of the substrate opposite the face receiving the flared slot 31, along at least one of the profiles constituting the Vivaldi type antenna.
- the BIP structure consists of four discs 32 regularly spaced by a distance a.
- FIG. 15 The use of a BIP structure as shown in FIG. 15 makes it possible to create, in a Vivaldi type antenna, frequency bands in which the propagation of the waves is prohibited. Indeed, the Vivaldi antenna operates intrinsically at a very wide frequency band, and the use of a BIP structure will make it possible to create one or more operating sub-bands.
- a Vivaldi type antenna without BIP structure has a bandwidth at 10 dB of 2 GHz, between 5.5 and 7.5 GHz.
- the operating band of the Vivaldi type antenna is reduced by adding the BIP structure which prevents the propagation of waves along the slit, between 5.5 and 7 GHz.
- a BIP structure profile 32a, 32b, as shown in FIG. 17a can be used.
- the filtering can be reinforced by supplying the Vivaldi type antenna by a supply line 32 provided with a BIP structure 33 of conventional type, as described above in the case of an antenna of the type with annular slot.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0212656A FR2845828B1 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PHOTONIC PROHIBITED BAND STRUCTURE (BIP) ON A MICROWAVE DEVICE AND SLIT-TYPE ANTENNAS USING SUCH A STRUCTURE |
FR0212656 | 2002-10-11 | ||
PCT/FR2003/050080 WO2004034502A2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-03 | Slot-type antennas employing a photonic bandgap structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1550182A2 true EP1550182A2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
EP1550182B1 EP1550182B1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
Family
ID=32039644
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03767920A Expired - Lifetime EP1550182B1 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-03 | Microwave slot-type device and slot-type antennas employing a photonic bandgap structure |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7355554B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1550182B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4200134B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101144681B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1703805B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003292351A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0315095B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60334130D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2845828B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05003836A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004034502A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2864864B1 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2006-03-17 | Thomson Licensing Sa | MICROWAVE DEVICE OF THE LINE-SLIT TYPE WITH A PHOTONIC PROHIBITED BAND STRUCTURE |
ES2265243B1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-01-01 | Universidad Publica De Navarra | PERIODIC STRUCTURES OF COHERENT RADIATION OF ANTENNAS AGRUPATIONS. |
CN100588030C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2010-02-03 | 同济大学 | Photon crystal microstrip line having microstrip line closed loop |
CN100463289C (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-02-18 | 厦门大学 | Plane helical microstrip antenna for 3G system mobile terminal |
FR2903235B1 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2009-02-13 | Thomson Licensing Sas | IMPROVEMENT TO SLOT-TYPE LONGITUDINAL RADIATION ANTENNAS |
US20090021327A1 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Lacomb Julie Anne | Electrical filter system using multi-stage photonic bandgap resonator |
CN101364662B (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2013-01-16 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Multiband antenna using photonic band gap material |
KR101375660B1 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2014-03-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | A resonator, bandpass filter and manufacturing method of resonator using overlay electromagnetic bandgap structure |
US8279025B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-10-02 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Slow-wave coaxial transmission line having metal shield strips and dielectric strips with minimum dimensions |
CN102324903B (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2014-08-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Photonic band gap structure and three-dimensional microwave band implementation method thereof |
US9241400B2 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2016-01-19 | Seagate Technology Llc | Windowed reference planes for embedded conductors |
WO2018109136A1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Arralis Holdings Limited | Tuneable waveguide transition |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5081466A (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1992-01-14 | Motorola, Inc. | Tapered notch antenna |
US5519408A (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1996-05-21 | Us Air Force | Tapered notch antenna using coplanar waveguide |
US5748152A (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1998-05-05 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Broad band parallel plate antenna |
US6219002B1 (en) * | 1998-02-28 | 2001-04-17 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Planar antenna |
US6518930B2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-02-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Low-profile cavity-backed slot antenna using a uniplanar compact photonic band-gap substrate |
WO2001095434A1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Low-profile cavity-backed slot antenna using a uniplanar compact photonic band-gap substrate |
CN1156063C (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2004-06-30 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Photonic crystal microcavity structure |
US7071889B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2006-07-04 | Actiontec Electronics, Inc. | Low frequency enhanced frequency selective surface technology and applications |
-
2002
- 2002-10-11 FR FR0212656A patent/FR2845828B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-10-03 CN CN2003801012504A patent/CN1703805B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-03 AU AU2003292351A patent/AU2003292351A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-03 KR KR1020057006140A patent/KR101144681B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-03 EP EP03767920A patent/EP1550182B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-03 WO PCT/FR2003/050080 patent/WO2004034502A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-10-03 US US10/530,336 patent/US7355554B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-03 MX MXPA05003836A patent/MXPA05003836A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-10-03 JP JP2004542592A patent/JP4200134B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-03 BR BRPI0315095A patent/BRPI0315095B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-03 DE DE60334130T patent/DE60334130D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2004034502A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2845828B1 (en) | 2008-08-22 |
JP4200134B2 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
US20070097005A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
AU2003292351A8 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
DE60334130D1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
BRPI0315095B1 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
FR2845828A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 |
MXPA05003836A (en) | 2005-06-22 |
KR101144681B1 (en) | 2012-05-25 |
CN1703805A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
WO2004034502A3 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
WO2004034502A2 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
CN1703805B (en) | 2011-11-23 |
AU2003292351A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
EP1550182B1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
JP2006502640A (en) | 2006-01-19 |
US7355554B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
BR0315095A (en) | 2005-08-09 |
KR20050050667A (en) | 2005-05-31 |
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