EP1546638A1 - Projectiles a vitesse elevee - Google Patents

Projectiles a vitesse elevee

Info

Publication number
EP1546638A1
EP1546638A1 EP02776591A EP02776591A EP1546638A1 EP 1546638 A1 EP1546638 A1 EP 1546638A1 EP 02776591 A EP02776591 A EP 02776591A EP 02776591 A EP02776591 A EP 02776591A EP 1546638 A1 EP1546638 A1 EP 1546638A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
shaped charge
combination
charge
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02776591A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard William Ross Urwin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority claimed from PCT/AU2002/001076 external-priority patent/WO2003014653A1/fr
Publication of EP1546638A1 publication Critical patent/EP1546638A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Definitions

  • the invention relates to high velocity projectiles and in particular to combinations of shaped charges and projectiles where detonation of the shaped charge causes a liner to deform and be accelerated providing kinetic energy to a projectile.
  • Guns typically use gas pressure within a barrel to propel a projectile.
  • Examples include air rifles and armaments using low velocity explosive such as cordite or black powder that contributes to provide sufficient volume and/or pressure of gas within the confines of a barrel to propel a projectile such as a bullet or shell from the barrel of the gun.
  • cordite is a combustible rather than explosive material, such that the detonation of a primer will ignite the cordite to create sufficient gas pressure to propel the bullet.
  • Guns are typically provided with a rifled barrel to spin the bullet and assist in stability of the bullet along its flight path and hence accuracy of the bullet.
  • Some guns do not use a rifled barrel, for example shot guns, where a number of projectiles (shot) are propelled by combustion of explosive along the barrel.
  • a shaped charge or metal lined cavity shaped charge is a metal lined high explosive charge with a mainly hemispherical or conical cavity.
  • the explosive force compresses and deforms the metal liner and produces a molten (or metal) jet moving at very high speed. This jet reaches speeds in excess of 4 to 12 km/s.
  • the production of the metal jet is termed the 'Munroe effect'. Shaped charges of this type produce a metal jet that is a useful penetrating and perforating device.
  • detonation of the shaped charge must occur a specific distance from the target for the jet to obtain the greatest speed possible before it begins to perforate the target. If the charge is detonated too far from the target the ejected liner material will have broken up into small pieces before reaching the target and the speed of the jet will have slowed. If the shaped charge is detonated too close to the target the jet may not have reached ideal speed and performance may be reduced.
  • the invention comprises a shaped charge and projectile combination including a projectile, a shaped charge of high explosive material including a cavity in an external face of the charge, shaped to axially concentrate explosive upon detonation of the shaped charge towards the projectile, and a metal liner between the shaped charge and the projectile, to form a jet of liner material on detonation of the shaped charge to impact the rear of and propel the projectile.
  • the shaped charge and projectile may be combined into a cartridge.
  • the invention comprises a shaped charge and projectile in combination including a projectile, a body of a high explosive material forming a charge and including an internal cavity open to one end of the charge to axially concentrate explosive force upon detonation of the shaped charge towards the rear face of the projectile, and a metal layer lining the interior of the cavity in the shaped charge.
  • the invention comprises a method of propelling a projectile including providing a projectile, providing a shaped charge of high explosive material including a cavity in an external face of the charge, the cavity shaped to axially concentrate explosive upon detonation of the shaped charge towards the projectile and a metal liner between the shaped charge and the projectile, detonating the shaped charge at an end opposite the cavity to form a jet of liner material, and focus the jet on the rear of the projectile so that at least a portion of the kinetic energy of the jet is transferred to the projectile to propel the projectile.
  • Figure 1 shows an example combination shaped charge and projectile
  • Figure 2 shows a shaped charge and liner
  • Figure 3 shows the results of a simulation showing a jet of molten material being formed from a liner
  • Figure 4 shows the results of a simulation showing a jet of molten material formed from a liner providing kinetic energy to a projectile
  • Figure 5 A shows a projectile and shaped charge with liner before detonation
  • Figure 5B shows a simulation of the shaped charge, liner and projectile after detonation of the explosive of the shaped charge
  • Figure 5C shows a simulation of the shaped charge, liner and projectile after detonation as the liner forms a jet
  • Figure 5D shows a simulation of the liner and projectile after detonation of the shaped charge.
  • Figure 6 shows a combination shaped charge and projectile including a ballistic disk
  • Figure 7 shows a projectile with a jet trap.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of the combination of shaped charge and projectile of the invention.
  • the shaped charge 1 has a substantially cylindrical or frusto conical outer shape of high explosive with a cavity 4 facing the open end of a firing weapon.
  • the boundary between cavity 4 and the high explosive 1 is provided with metal liner 2.
  • Inside cavity 4 is projectile 3.
  • the high explosive of the shaped charge is also provided with detonation means 6.
  • the liner When the explosive is detonated the liner forms into a jet of molten material that impacts the rear of the projectile. At least a portion of the kinetic energy of the liner is passed to the projectile and propels the projectile. Because the projectile is a free moving object the impact of the jet on the projectile propels both the projectile and jet along the original axis of movement of the jet. Ideally this axis of movement of the jet is the central axis of the barrel of the firing weapon. The axis is also ideally coaxial to the central axis of the projectile.
  • the explosive used in the shaped charges is high explosive.
  • high explosive is meant an explosive material with a detonation velocity in excess of 1000 m/s.
  • examples of the high explosives include Semtex, TNT, RDX and PETN.
  • the explosive charge and liner are shaped such that on detonation of the explosive charge the liner forms a jet of molten material coaxial with the centre axis of the projectile.
  • the back of the projectile 5 is formed from a material able to withstand the high temperatures and force of the jet. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, carbon, titanium, tungsten, ceramics, steel, uranium and depleted uranium.
  • the rear of the projectile 5 may include an aperture to increase the surface area of the rear of the projectile and the area on which the jet will impact.
  • the combination of shaped charge and projectile shown in Figure 1 is suitable for fixed diameter weapons including barrelled weapons.
  • the projectile has smaller calibre than the charge and will not be in close contact with the inside of the barrel of the weapon.
  • the barrel of the weapon will therefore not require rifling although these combinations are suitable for use in weapons with rifled barrels.
  • the projectile may be provided with stabilising means such as fins to provide stability to the flight path of the projectile once it has exited the weapon.
  • the projectile may be of the same or greater calibre than the shaped charge.
  • the projectile may be designed to interact with the rifling and thus provide spin and stability to the projectile.
  • the combination of shaped charge and projectile allows the projectile to be propelled at high velocity, typically greater than 1000 m/s.
  • the precise speed of the projectile will depend on many things including the high explosive chosen for the shaped charge, the relative sizes of the shaped charge and projectile, the geometry of the explosive (i.e. the precise shape of the shaped charge), the point of detonation, the mass and geometry of the metal liner, the distance between the liner and the projectile, the way the detonated explosive decomposes, the material of the liner, and the weight, size and material of the projectile.
  • high explosive provides more propelling force than a low explosive.
  • Different types of high explosive provide different propelling forces.
  • a larger shaped charge containing high explosive will provide more explosive force than a smaller shaped charge containing the same high explosive.
  • the geometry of the shaped charge also has an effect on the propelling power of the jet on the projectile.
  • a shaped charge with a cylindrical cavity produces a jet that is a function of the length of the cylinder. For a shaped charge with a cylindrical cavity varying the amount of explosive and liner along the cavity can vary the jet production. In the case of a shaped charge with a cylindrical cavity the liner the cylinder the greater the length of jet produced.
  • the length of the jet increases as a function of the diameter of the charge.
  • the angle between the liner and the central axis of the charge also affects the jet formed. The smaller the angle the faster the speed of the jet formed.
  • the geometry of the metal liner affects the jet.
  • the liner has the same shape as the outer boundary of the shaped charge.
  • a cylindrical liner will form a jet the length of which depends on the length of the cylinder.
  • the mass of the liner material also affects the density and speed of the jet.
  • the distance between the liner and the projectile also affects the performance of the projectile. If the projectile is too close to the liner the projectile may be consumed or deformed by the jet. If the projectile is too far from the liner the jet formed from the liner may have lost kinetic energy or start to break up before providing kinetic energy to the projectile.
  • Performance of the projectile is also affected by the dimensions of the projectile.
  • the projectile is light, strong and has temperature resistant material covering at least the rear of the projectile.
  • the projectile may be completely covered with a layer of temperature resistant material.
  • suitable materials include, but are not limited to, carbon, titanium, tungsten, ceramics, steel, uranium and depleted uranium.
  • Figure 2 shows a shaped charge and liner that may be used in combination with a projectile.
  • the shaped charge includes an outer casing, central area of high explosive and a cavity that is lined with a liner. As described above the shape of the cavity and liner affects the formation of the jet of molten material from the liner.
  • a high temperature high intensity jet When the shaped charge is detonated a high temperature high intensity jet will be focused on the rear of the projectile with a detonation velocity in excess of lOOOm/s and typically of the order of 5000 - 6000 m/s depending of the explosive material chosen for use in the shaped charge.
  • the high explosive of the shaped charge may be Semtex or other suitable high explosive material.
  • any suitable detonator may be used to detonate the high explosive of the shaped charge.
  • the shaped charge may be detonated by physical impact by means of a firing pin or by means of electrical detonation.
  • Electrical detonation has the advantage of precise timing of ignition, rapid ignition and it prevents instability that might occur though the physical movement of a firing pin.
  • the high explosive of the shaped charge may also be detonated by laser detonation.
  • Laser detonation has the same advantages as electrical detonation. Electrical and laser detonation also enables the combination shaped charge and projectile of the invention to be used with guns that have a safely mechanism where the gun will not fire unless an appropriate electrical device (such as an identity card) is in close proximity to the gun.
  • biometrics such as fingerprint or facial recognition may be used as a safety mechanism.
  • the projectile By using a shaped charge, and by transferring as much as possible of the kinetic energy of the jet of molten material into the kinetic energy of the projectile it is possible to cause the projectile to travel at higher velocities than conventional bullets.
  • the velocity of the projectile for example a bullet
  • the bullet can travel in a much flatter trajectory that normal, have a much shorter time between the launcher and the target, and have a much higher impact velocity allowing the bullet to penetrate a range of different armours.
  • the projectiles of the combination projectile and shaped charge of the invention have higher kinetic energy than conventional projectiles and can therefore create more damage on impact. This in turn means that the projectile is more effective over a greater distance than a conventional bullet or shell. It also enables guns to be redesigned to have a much greater range and killing power for a lighter gun than conventional guns.
  • the projectile described here has been referred to as a bullet the projectile for use with a shaped charge in the combination of the invention is not limited to bullets.
  • the projectiles may be shells, missiles or any projectile designed to be propelled from a weapon by detonation of an explosive charge.
  • the projectile may be provided with rockets for stabilisation and/or to provide further propulsion.
  • Projectiles used as part of the invention may require stabilisation means. If the projectile has the same calibre as the internal diameter of the barrel of the weapon used to fire the projectile, the projectile may include means to interact with any rifling in the barrel. In other embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 1 and 5A to 5D where the projectile is smaller than the internal diameter of the barrel, the projectile may be provided with fins or other stabilising means, that may stabilise the projectile with or without spinning the projectile. Projectile of the same calibre as the barrel of the weapon from which they are fired (as well as those with smaller calibre than the barrel) may be provided with stabilisation means such as dimples, grooves or other indentations. The stabilisation means may be . arranged to smooth the path of the projectile over its trajectory or provide stability by spinning the projectile. Combinations of the abovementioned stabilisation means may be used.
  • Figure 3 is a computer simulation of the jet produced from the shaped charge of Figure 2.
  • This Figure shows the jet of deformed liner material approximately 14.5 x 10 "6 seconds after detonation of the high explosive shaped charge.
  • the key at the right hand side of the figure shows the velocity gradient of the jet.
  • the direction of movement of the jet is from left to right.
  • the velocity of the jet is greatest at the right hand side of the jet indicating that the front of the jet is moving more quickly than the rear of the jet.
  • the jet continues to lengthen further and the front of the jet continues to have greater velocity than the rear of the jet.
  • the jet breaks into at least two pieces, a faster moving front piece and a slower moving rear piece.
  • Figure 4 is a computer simulation showing a jet and a projectile approximately 14 x 10 "6 seconds after detonation at the high explosive shaped charge.
  • the key at the right hand side of the Figure shows the velocity gradient of the jet.
  • the jet is providing kinetic energy to the projectile and the projectile has greater velocity than the jet. Further firing images are shown in Figures 5A to 5D.
  • Figures 5A to 5D show a computer simulation of the detonation of a combination shaped charge and projectile of the invention.
  • Figure 5 A shows the arrangement of the shaped charge and projectile 50 before detonation.
  • the projectile is conical with height of 2mm and base of 2mm.
  • the outer diameter of the shaped charge is 25.4mm.
  • the shaped charge has a conical cavity and liner 51 is provided at the boundary between is explosive of the shaped charge and the cavity.
  • Figure 5B shows a moment approximately 5 x 10 "6 seconds after detonation of the explosive of the shaped charge. Jet 51 is forming behind projectile 50 and kinetic energy from the explosion is being passed to projectile 50.
  • Figure 5C shows further formation of the jet approximately 12 x 10 "6 seconds after detonation. Projectile 50 remains at the front end of the jet.
  • Figure 5D shows further formation of jet 51 and the projectile 50 approximately 16 x 10 "6 seconds after detonation. Comparing Figures 5C and 5D it can be seen that the length of the jet is increasing. It can also been seen that the projectile is further away from the front of the jet in Figure 5D than in Figure 5C. This shows that the projectile has greater velocity than the jet and will therefore have a greater range than the jet. It should be noted that none of Figure 5 A to 5D include velocity profiles for either the jet of liner material. Typical velocity profiles for the jet and projectile are shown in Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments the liner may be replaced by a ballistic disk as shown in Figure 6.
  • Ballistic disks in a ballistic disk/shaped charge combination have previously been used as penetrating and perforating devices. Ballistic disks can be formed into projectiles by the detonation of the shaped charge. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6 when the shaped charge is detonated the ballistic disk impacts on the rear of the projectile and provides kinetic energy to the projectile.
  • a ballistic disk is used to propel the projectile.
  • the detonation of the shaped charge causes the charge to shoot out a ballistic disk.
  • This ballistic disk in turn impacts the rear end of the projectile which is provided with a heat resistant material, and more preferably a highly dense material (such as depleted uranium) at the rear of the preformed projectile. Because the projectile is a free moving object, the collision with the ballistic disk moves both the projectile and the disk along the original axis of movement of the ballistic disk.
  • Figure 7 shows a projectile with a jet trap (see below) and an oversized shaped charge.
  • the jet trap is a frusto-conical aperture with its largest diameter at the rear of the projectile.
  • the surrounding material is preferably formed of a heat resistant high-density material such as depleted uranium.
  • the jet trap is designed as a means of transferring the kinetic energy of the resulting jet resulting from the detonation of the shaped charge.
  • a jet trap is simply a conical or frusto-conical indent in the rear of the projectile.
  • a diameter of the mouth of the jet trap is marginally greater in size than the diameter of the jet produced by the detonation of the shaped charge at the point where it first interacts with a projectile.
  • the surface area of the interior of the jet trap may be increased by suitably shaping the internal surface of that jet trap.
  • the surface area can be increased by forming a type of star indent to thereby increase the jet trap surface area.
  • the inner surface of the jet trap can be aligned so that when impact occurs with a jet from the detonation of the shaped charge, the jet touches a surfaces that imposes a centrifugal effect on the projectile.

Landscapes

  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une combinaison de charge façonnée et de projectile destinée à être tirée au moyen d'une arme, la combinaison comprenant un projectile (3), une charge façonnée (1) de matériau explosif brisant et une chemise métallique (2) située entre la charge (1) et le projectile (3). La charge (1) comprend un détonateur (6) et une cavité (4) située dans une surface externe faisant face à la bouche du canon de l'arme, la cavité (4) étant façonnée de manière à concentrer de façon axiale l'explosif, au moment de la détonation de la charge (1), vers l'arrière (5) du projectile (3). La chemise métallique (2) forme un jet de matériau de revêtement au moment de la détonation de la charge (1), de manière à toucher l'arrière (5) du projectile (3) et de manière à propulser le projectile (3) à partir de l'arme à une vitesse élevée, généralement à une vitesse supérieure à 1000 m/s et allant jusqu'à 6000 m/s. Le projectile (3) effectue par conséquent une trajectoire plus plate et présente une puissance de pénétration supérieure à celle d'un projectile propulsé de manière classique.
EP02776591A 2002-08-12 2002-08-12 Projectiles a vitesse elevee Withdrawn EP1546638A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/AU2002/001076 WO2003014653A1 (fr) 2001-08-10 2002-08-12 Projectiles a vitesse elevee

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1546638A1 true EP1546638A1 (fr) 2005-06-29

Family

ID=34468608

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02776591A Withdrawn EP1546638A1 (fr) 2002-08-12 2002-08-12 Projectiles a vitesse elevee

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1546638A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1668889A (fr)
CA (1) CA2495869A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113513949B (zh) * 2021-07-22 2022-02-08 北京理工大学 一种可形成穿爆时序联合作用的单级式聚能装药结构

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03014653A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1668889A (zh) 2005-09-14
CA2495869A1 (fr) 2003-02-20

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