EP1546518A1 - Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter - Google Patents

Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter

Info

Publication number
EP1546518A1
EP1546518A1 EP03762748A EP03762748A EP1546518A1 EP 1546518 A1 EP1546518 A1 EP 1546518A1 EP 03762748 A EP03762748 A EP 03762748A EP 03762748 A EP03762748 A EP 03762748A EP 1546518 A1 EP1546518 A1 EP 1546518A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
channel
catalytic converter
channels
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03762748A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain Ristori
Sophie Salasc
Christian Sarda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Original Assignee
Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS filed Critical Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Publication of EP1546518A1 publication Critical patent/EP1546518A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B01J35/56—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/34—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details with flow channels of polygonal cross section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/48—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the number of flow passages, e.g. cell density
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters

Definitions

  • Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter
  • the present invention relates to a mechanical power generator, of the type comprising a diesel engine and an exhaust line comprising a catalytic converter, which catalytic converter comprises a substrate defining adjacent channels.
  • This converter comprises a substrate consisting of a structure on the surface of which is deposited a catalytic material designated in English by the term "washcoat". Examples of substrates are given in documents EP-0.036.052, EP-0.360.591 and EP-0.446.046.
  • the substrate defines a set of channels extending over its entire length. These channels are adjacent and extend parallel to each other.
  • the channel section is chosen square.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter for pollution of diesel engine exhaust, the catalytic converter having high efficiency, without risk of clogging.
  • the invention relates to a mechanical power generator, of the aforementioned type, characterized in that each channel has a hexagonal section, and in that the hydraulic diameter of each channel is greater than 900 ⁇ m.
  • the mechanical power generator comprises one or more of the following characteristics: - the density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inches 2 is between 400 and 900;
  • the density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inches 2 is between 500 and 800;
  • the density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inches 2 is substantially equal to 600;
  • the thickness of the porous walls is between 2 and 5 (50.8 ⁇ m and 127 ⁇ m);
  • the thickness of the porous walls, expressed in millipouce, is substantially equal to 3 (76.2 ⁇ m); - each channel has the section of a regular hexagon;
  • the substrate has a homogeneous and continuous structure defining channels whose surfaces are covered with a coating of catalytic material.
  • the invention further relates to the use, in an exhaust line of a diesel engine, of a catalytic converter arranged in an exhaust line, this converter comprising a substrate defining adjacent channels, characterized in that each channel has a hexagonal section and the hydraulic diameter of each channel is greater than 900 ⁇ m.
  • - Figure 2 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a catalytic converter used in the invention
  • - Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the catalytic converter used in the invention.
  • Figure 1 is shown a mechanical power generator according to the invention.
  • This is for example used for the propulsion of a motor vehicle.
  • This generator comprises a motor 12 connected, for its fuel supply, to a diesel storage tank 14.
  • the exhaust outlet of the engine 12 is connected to an exhaust line 16 equipped with a catalytic converter 18.
  • a particle filter can advantageously be arranged upstream or downstream of the catalytic converter 18.
  • the engine 12 is a diesel engine.
  • diesel engine is understood to mean an internal combustion engine with high compression causing the self-ignition of the fuel consisting of diesel or heavy oil. This type of engine is distinguished from petrol engines by the absence of an ignition system proper.
  • the diesel engine is a type engine operating at a temperature generally above 200 ° C. This temperature is measured at the outlet of the exhaust manifold, that is to say at the outlet of the engine. This temperature is generally between 200 ° C and 900 ° C.
  • this engine produces a relatively large amount of fine carbonaceous particles at the outlet, consisting of soot resulting from combustion in the diesel engine.
  • This amount of soot is greater than that produced by an engine operating at low temperature, that is to say at a temperature below 200 ° C.
  • the catalytic converter 18 comprises a porous substrate 20 contained in an envelope 21 connected to the exhaust line.
  • This substrate 20 defines, as illustrated in FIG. 2, adjacent and parallel channels 22 extending along the entire length of the substrate, from one end to the other thereof in the general direction F of exhaust gas flow.
  • All channels have an identical section. According to the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 3, the section of the channels is hexagonal, each channel defining a regular hexagon.
  • the channels are separated from each other by plane longitudinal walls 24 each forming one side of a hexagon. These walls have a total thickness e which is the same for all the walls.
  • the substrate 20 is formed of a structure 26 covered with a coating 28 of catalytic material known under the English term "washcoat".
  • the structure consists of a homogeneous and continuous block in which the channels 22 are defined.
  • the thickness of the walls of the structure is between 50 and 150 ⁇ m. This thickness is designated by ei in the following description.
  • the structure 26 is advantageously formed of a porous honeycomb structure, for example made of ceramic.
  • each channel is covered with a catalytic material forming the washcoat.
  • a catalytic material forming the washcoat.
  • different thicknesses of "washcoat” are observed. In particular, the thickness is greater in the "corners".
  • the average thickness denoted e 2 of the coating 28 made of catalytic material is between 5 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m and is preferably of the order of 50 ⁇ m. Examples of catalytic material are given in documents EP-0.601.314, EP-0.244.127 and EP-1.044.058.
  • the total thickness e of a wall of the substrate is equal to ei + 2 e 2 .
  • the dimensioning of the channels 22 delimited in the substrate; that is to say the structure covered with the catalytic material is such that the hydraulic diameter HD of each channel 22 is greater than 900 ⁇ m.
  • the hydraulic diameter HD of a channel is defined as being the diameter of the circle inscribed in the hexagon delimiting the section of the channel formed in the substrate covered with "washcoat".
  • the structure 26 covered with the catalytic material 28 and the substrate are characterized by their number of channels per inch 2 , one inch being equal to 2.54 cm.
  • the substrate 20 is characterized by the thickness of the walls expressed in millipouce with a millipouce equal to 25.4 ⁇ m.
  • the structure of a catalytic converter can be defined by the couple X / Y where X is the number of channels per unit area of its section expressed in inch 2 and Y is the thickness ei of the walls of the structure expressed in mils.
  • the number X is actually equal to the "cpsi”.
  • the number X of channels per inch 2 is between 400 and 900, preferably between 500 and 800 and at best substantially equal to 600.
  • each wall of the structure is advantageously between 2 and 5 millipers (50.8 ⁇ m to 127 ⁇ m). It is preferably equal to 3 millipers (76.2 ⁇ m).
  • a 600/3 catalytic converter whose channel density (cpsi) is equal to 600 channels per inch 2 , with a wall thickness equal to 3 millipers (76.2 ⁇ m) and a minimum washcoat thickness of 50 ⁇ m , has, for each channel, a hydraulic diameter HD equal to 940 ⁇ m.
  • the channels have a section which is sufficient to prevent clogging due to the soot carried by the exhaust gases.
  • hexagonal sections allows the catalytic converter to have better compatibility with the presence of soot in the exhaust gases.
  • cpsi 400/6 substrate By taking as a reference a cpsi 400/6 substrate, we see that it is possible to obtain a gain of 12% to 14% in the treatment of carbon monoxide emissions by using cpsi 600/3 substrates. However, among the substrates of cpsi 600/3, those with square section canals clog quickly and are even completely blocked after only 20 hours of use. On the other hand, the substrates of cpsi 600/3 with channels of hexagonal section are still functional after 38 hours of use. It is therefore found that the latter have an efficiency at least equal to that of the 600/3 square substrates, while having an increased longevity (at least equal to the 400/6 square substrates).
  • the catalytic converter according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain both good efficiency for reducing the emission of carbon oxides (14%) and delayed clogging (38 hours).

Abstract

The invention concerns a mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine (12) and an exhaust line (16) including a catalytic converter (18). The catalytic converter (18) comprises a substrate (20) defining adjacent channels (22). Each channel (22) has a hexagonal cross-section. The hydraulic diameter (HD) of each channel (22) is greater than 900 mu m.

Description

Générateur de puissance mécanique comportant un moteur Diesel et un convertisseur catalytique Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter
La présente invention concerne un générateur de puissance mécanique, du type comportant un moteur Diesel et une ligne d'échappement comportant un convertisseur catalytique, lequel convertisseur catalytique com- prend un substrat définissant des canaux adjacents.The present invention relates to a mechanical power generator, of the type comprising a diesel engine and an exhaust line comprising a catalytic converter, which catalytic converter comprises a substrate defining adjacent channels.
Il est connu, pour procéder à la dépollution des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur Diesel, et notamment d'un moteur de véhicule automobile, d'équiper la ligne d'échappement avec un convertisseur catalytique. Ce convertisseur comporte un substrat constitué d'une structure à la surface de laquelle est déposé un matériau catalytique désigné en anglais par le terme "washcoat". Des exemples de substrats sont donnés dans les documents EP-0.036.052, EP-0.360.591 et EP-0.446.046.It is known to clean up the exhaust gases of a diesel engine, and in particular of a motor vehicle engine, to equip the exhaust line with a catalytic converter. This converter comprises a substrate consisting of a structure on the surface of which is deposited a catalytic material designated in English by the term "washcoat". Examples of substrates are given in documents EP-0.036.052, EP-0.360.591 and EP-0.446.046.
Le substrat délimite un ensemble de canaux s'étendant sur toute sa longueur. Ces canaux sont adjacents et s'étendent parallèlement les uns aux autres.The substrate defines a set of channels extending over its entire length. These channels are adjacent and extend parallel to each other.
Pour la dépollution des moteurs Diesel, la section des canaux est choisie carrée.For the depollution of Diesel engines, the channel section is chosen square.
Afin d'améliorer l'efficacité du convertisseur catalytique pour un volume total de substrat considéré, il est connu d'augmenter la densité de ca- naux par unité de surface suivant une section du substrat. Cette densité de canaux est désignée par "cpsi" dans le domaine technique considéré.In order to improve the efficiency of the catalytic converter for a total volume of substrate considered, it is known to increase the density of channels per unit of area along a section of the substrate. This channel density is designated by "cpsi" in the technical field considered.
L'augmentation de la densité de canaux permet d'augmenter la superficie totale des canaux par unité de volume de substrat. Cette superficie totale des canaux est désignée par "GSA". Toutefois, l'augmentation de la densité de canaux (cpsi) entraîne une diminution de la section offerte au passage des gaz dans chaque canal. Ainsi, avec une densité de canaux élevée, on constate que la présence de suies dans les gaz d'échappement produits par le moteur Diesel conduit à un colmatage du substrat rendant le convertisseur catalytique inopérant. L'invention a pour but de proposer un générateur de puissance mécanique comportant un moteur Diesel et un convertisseur catalytique de dé- pollution des gaz d'échappement du moteur Diesel, le convertisseur catalytique ayant une grande efficacité, sans risque de colmatage.Increasing the channel density increases the total area of the channels per unit volume of substrate. This total area of the canals is designated by "GSA". However, the increase in channel density (cpsi) leads to a reduction in the section offered for the passage of gases in each channel. Thus, with a high channel density, it can be seen that the presence of soot in the exhaust gases produced by the diesel engine leads to clogging of the substrate rendering the catalytic converter inoperative. The object of the invention is to propose a mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter for pollution of diesel engine exhaust, the catalytic converter having high efficiency, without risk of clogging.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un générateur de puissance mécanique, du type précité, caractérisé en ce que chaque canal a une section hexagonale, et en ce que le diamètre hydraulique de chaque canal est supérieur à 900 μm.To this end, the invention relates to a mechanical power generator, of the aforementioned type, characterized in that each channel has a hexagonal section, and in that the hydraulic diameter of each channel is greater than 900 μm.
Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, le générateur de puissance mécanique comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : - la densité de canaux dans la section transversale du substrat par unité de surface exprimée en pouce2 est comprise entre 400 et 900 ;According to particular embodiments, the mechanical power generator comprises one or more of the following characteristics: - the density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inches 2 is between 400 and 900;
- la densité de canaux dans la section transversale du substrat par unité de surface exprimée en pouce2 est comprise entre 500 et 800 ;- The density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inches 2 is between 500 and 800;
- la densité de canaux dans la section transversale du substrat par unité de surface exprimée en pouce2 est sensiblement égale à 600 ;- The density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inches 2 is substantially equal to 600;
- l'épaisseur des parois poreuses, exprimée en millipouce, est comprise entre 2 et 5 (50,8 μm et 127 μm) ;- the thickness of the porous walls, expressed in millipouce, is between 2 and 5 (50.8 μm and 127 μm);
- l'épaisseur des parois poreuses, exprimée en millipouce, est sensiblement égale à 3 (76,2 μm) ; - chaque canal a la section d'un hexagone régulier ; et- the thickness of the porous walls, expressed in millipouce, is substantially equal to 3 (76.2 μm); - each channel has the section of a regular hexagon; and
- le substrat comporte une structure homogène et continue définissant des canaux dont les surfaces sont recouvertes d'un revêtement en matériau catalytique.- The substrate has a homogeneous and continuous structure defining channels whose surfaces are covered with a coating of catalytic material.
L'invention a en outre pour objet l'utilisation, dans une ligne d'échap- pement d'un moteur Diesel, d'un convertisseur catalytique disposé dans une ligne d'échappement, ce convertisseur comprenant un substrat définissant des canaux adjacents, caractérisée en ce que chaque canal a une section hexagonale et le diamètre hydraulique de chaque canal est supérieur à 900 μm. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins, sur lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un générateur de puissance mécanique selon l'invention ;The invention further relates to the use, in an exhaust line of a diesel engine, of a catalytic converter arranged in an exhaust line, this converter comprising a substrate defining adjacent channels, characterized in that each channel has a hexagonal section and the hydraulic diameter of each channel is greater than 900 μm. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic view of a mechanical power generator according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'un convertisseur catalytique utilisé dans l'invention ; et - la figure 3 est une vue en section transversale du convertisseur catalytique utilisé dans l'invention.- Figure 2 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a catalytic converter used in the invention; and - Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the catalytic converter used in the invention.
Sur la figure 1 est représenté un générateur de puissance mécanique selon l'invention.In Figure 1 is shown a mechanical power generator according to the invention.
Celui-ci est par exemple utilisé pour la propulsion d'un véhicule auto- mobile.This is for example used for the propulsion of a motor vehicle.
Ce générateur comporte un moteur 12 relié, pour son alimentation en carburant, à un réservoir 14 de stockage de gazole. La sortie d'échappement du moteur 12 est reliée à une ligne d'échappement 16 équipée d'un convertisseur catalytique 18. Un filtre à particules peut avantageusement être disposé en amont ou en aval du convertisseur catalytique 18.This generator comprises a motor 12 connected, for its fuel supply, to a diesel storage tank 14. The exhaust outlet of the engine 12 is connected to an exhaust line 16 equipped with a catalytic converter 18. A particle filter can advantageously be arranged upstream or downstream of the catalytic converter 18.
Le moteur 12 est un moteur Diesel. Au sens de l'invention, on entend par moteur Diesel un moteur à combustion interne à haute compression provoquant l'auto-allumage du combustible constitué de gazole ou d'huile lourde. Ce type de moteur se distingue des moteurs à essence par l'absence de système d'allumage proprement dit.The engine 12 is a diesel engine. For the purposes of the invention, the term “diesel engine” is understood to mean an internal combustion engine with high compression causing the self-ignition of the fuel consisting of diesel or heavy oil. This type of engine is distinguished from petrol engines by the absence of an ignition system proper.
Le moteur Diesel est un moteur de type fonctionnant à une température généralement supérieure à 200°C. Cette température est mesurée à la sortie du collecteur d'échappement, c'est-à-dire à la sortie du moteur. Cette température est généralement comprise entre 200°C et 900°C.The diesel engine is a type engine operating at a temperature generally above 200 ° C. This temperature is measured at the outlet of the exhaust manifold, that is to say at the outlet of the engine. This temperature is generally between 200 ° C and 900 ° C.
Ainsi, ce moteur produit en sortie une quantité relativement importante de fines particules carbonées constituées de suies résultant de la combustion dans le moteur Diesel. Cette quantité de suies est supérieure à celle produite par un moteur fonctionnant à basse température, c'est-à-dire à une température inférieure à 200°C.Thus, this engine produces a relatively large amount of fine carbonaceous particles at the outlet, consisting of soot resulting from combustion in the diesel engine. This amount of soot is greater than that produced by an engine operating at low temperature, that is to say at a temperature below 200 ° C.
Le convertisseur catalytique 18 comporte un substrat poreux 20 contenu dans une enveloppe 21 reliée à la ligne d'échappement. Ce substrat 20 définit, comme illustré sur la figure 2, des canaux adjacents et parallèles 22 s'étendant suivant toute la longueur du substrat, d'une extrémité à l'autre de celui-ci suivant le sens général F d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement.The catalytic converter 18 comprises a porous substrate 20 contained in an envelope 21 connected to the exhaust line. This substrate 20 defines, as illustrated in FIG. 2, adjacent and parallel channels 22 extending along the entire length of the substrate, from one end to the other thereof in the general direction F of exhaust gas flow.
Tous les canaux ont une section identique. Selon l'invention et comme illustré sur la figure 3, la section des canaux est hexagonale, chaque canal définissant un hexagone régulier.All channels have an identical section. According to the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 3, the section of the channels is hexagonal, each channel defining a regular hexagon.
Les canaux sont séparés les uns des autres par des parois longitudinales planes 24 formant chacune un côté d'un hexagone. Ces parois ont une épaisseur totale e qui est la même pour toutes les parois.The channels are separated from each other by plane longitudinal walls 24 each forming one side of a hexagon. These walls have a total thickness e which is the same for all the walls.
Le substrat 20 est formé d'une structure 26 recouverte d'un revête- ment 28 en matériau catalytique connu sous le terme anglais "washcoat". La structure est constituée d'un bloc homogène et continu dans lequel sont définis les canaux 22. L'épaisseur des parois de la structure est comprise entre 50 et 150 μm. Cette épaisseur est désignée par ei dans la suite de la description. La structure 26 est avantageusement formée d'une structure en nid d'abeille poreuse, faite par exemple de céramique.The substrate 20 is formed of a structure 26 covered with a coating 28 of catalytic material known under the English term "washcoat". The structure consists of a homogeneous and continuous block in which the channels 22 are defined. The thickness of the walls of the structure is between 50 and 150 μm. This thickness is designated by ei in the following description. The structure 26 is advantageously formed of a porous honeycomb structure, for example made of ceramic.
La surface de chaque canal est recouverte d'un matériau catalytique formant le washcoat. Sur une section de canal donnée, on observe différentes épaisseurs de "washcoat". En particulier, l'épaisseur est plus importante dans les "coins". L'épaisseur moyenne notée e2 du revêtement 28 en maté- riau catalytique est comprise entre 5 μm et 200 μm et est de préférence de l'ordre de 50 μm. Des exemples de matériau catalytique sont donnés dans les documents EP-0.601.314, EP-0.244.127 et EP-1.044.058.The surface of each channel is covered with a catalytic material forming the washcoat. On a given channel section, different thicknesses of "washcoat" are observed. In particular, the thickness is greater in the "corners". The average thickness denoted e 2 of the coating 28 made of catalytic material is between 5 μm and 200 μm and is preferably of the order of 50 μm. Examples of catalytic material are given in documents EP-0.601.314, EP-0.244.127 and EP-1.044.058.
Ainsi, l'épaisseur totale e d'une paroi du substrat est égale à e-i + 2 e2.Thus, the total thickness e of a wall of the substrate is equal to ei + 2 e 2 .
Selon l'invention, le dimensionnement des canaux 22 délimités dans le substrat; c'est-à-dire la structure recouverte du matériau catalytique est tel que le diamètre hydraulique HD de chaque canal 22 est supérieur à 900 μm.According to the invention, the dimensioning of the channels 22 delimited in the substrate; that is to say the structure covered with the catalytic material is such that the hydraulic diameter HD of each channel 22 is greater than 900 μm.
Le diamètre hydraulique HD d'un canal est défini comme étant le diamètre du cercle inscrit dans l'hexagone délimitant la section du canal formé dans le substrat recouvert de "washcoat". La structure 26 recouverte du matériau catalytique 28 et le substrat sont caractérisés par leur nombre de canaux par pouce2, un pouce étant égal à 2,54 cm. En outre, le substrat 20 est caractérisé par l'épaisseur des parois exprimée en millipouce avec un millipouce égale à 25,4 μm. Ainsi, la structure d'un convertisseur catalytique peut être définie par le couple X/Y où X est le nombre de canaux par unité de surface de sa section exprimée en pouce2 et Y est l'épaisseur ei des parois de la structure exprimée en millipouce. Le nombre X est en fait égale à la "cpsi". Avantageusement, le nombre X de canaux par pouce2 est compris entre 400 et 900, de préférence entre 500 et 800 et au mieux sensiblement égal à 600.The hydraulic diameter HD of a channel is defined as being the diameter of the circle inscribed in the hexagon delimiting the section of the channel formed in the substrate covered with "washcoat". The structure 26 covered with the catalytic material 28 and the substrate are characterized by their number of channels per inch 2 , one inch being equal to 2.54 cm. In addition, the substrate 20 is characterized by the thickness of the walls expressed in millipouce with a millipouce equal to 25.4 μm. Thus, the structure of a catalytic converter can be defined by the couple X / Y where X is the number of channels per unit area of its section expressed in inch 2 and Y is the thickness ei of the walls of the structure expressed in mils. The number X is actually equal to the "cpsi". Advantageously, the number X of channels per inch 2 is between 400 and 900, preferably between 500 and 800 and at best substantially equal to 600.
L'épaisseur Y de chaque paroi de la structure est avantageusement comprise entre 2 et 5 millipouces (50,8 μm à 127 μm). Elle est de préférence égale à 3 millipouces (76,2 μm).The thickness Y of each wall of the structure is advantageously between 2 and 5 millipers (50.8 μm to 127 μm). It is preferably equal to 3 millipers (76.2 μm).
Par exemple, un convertisseur catalytique 600/3 dont la densité de canaux (cpsi) est égale à 600 canaux par pouce2, ayant une épaisseur de paroi égale à 3 millipouces (76,2 μm) et une épaisseur minimale de washcoat de 50 μm, présente, pour chaque canal, un diamètre hydraulique HD égal à 940 μm.For example, a 600/3 catalytic converter whose channel density (cpsi) is equal to 600 channels per inch 2 , with a wall thickness equal to 3 millipers (76.2 μm) and a minimum washcoat thickness of 50 μm , has, for each channel, a hydraulic diameter HD equal to 940 μm.
On constate qu'avec un tel convertisseur catalytique, les canaux ont une section suffisante pour éviter un colmatage du fait des suies véhiculées par les gaz d'échappement. Le recours à des sections hexagonales permet que le convertisseur catalytique présente une meilleure compatibilité à la présence de suies dans les gaz d'échappement.It can be seen that with such a catalytic converter, the channels have a section which is sufficient to prevent clogging due to the soot carried by the exhaust gases. The use of hexagonal sections allows the catalytic converter to have better compatibility with the presence of soot in the exhaust gases.
Les tableaux qui suivent montrent les résultats obtenus avec des convertisseurs catalytiques dont les canaux sont hexagonaux ou carrés, avec des densités de canaux différentes.The following tables show the results obtained with catalytic converters whose channels are hexagonal or square, with different channel densities.
Les résultats qui suivent ont été obtenus avec une épaisseur de revê- tement en matériau catalytique (washcoat, désigné par WC dans les tableaux) de 20 microns. La charge en métaux précieux, à savoir du platine, du convertisseur catalytique est de 40g/pied3 . The following results were obtained with a coating thickness of catalytic material (washcoat, designated by WC in the tables) of 20 microns. The load of precious metals, namely platinum, of the catalytic converter is 40 g / ft 3 .
En prenant comme référence un substrat de cpsi 400/6, on constate qu'il est possible d'obtenir un gain de 12 % à 14 % en traitement des émissions d'oxyde de carbone en utilisant des substrats de cpsi 600/3. Toutefois, parmi les substrats de cpsi 600/3, ceux présentant des canaux de section carrée se colmatent rapidement et se trouvent même complètement bouchés après seulement 20 heures d'utilisation. Par contre, les substrats de cpsi 600/3 avec canaux de section hexagonale sont encore fonctionnels après 38 heures d'utilisation. On constate donc que ces derniers présentent une efficacité au moins égale à celle des substrats 600/3 carré, tout en ayant une longévité accrue (au moins égale aux substrats 400/6 carré).By taking as a reference a cpsi 400/6 substrate, we see that it is possible to obtain a gain of 12% to 14% in the treatment of carbon monoxide emissions by using cpsi 600/3 substrates. However, among the substrates of cpsi 600/3, those with square section canals clog quickly and are even completely blocked after only 20 hours of use. On the other hand, the substrates of cpsi 600/3 with channels of hexagonal section are still functional after 38 hours of use. It is therefore found that the latter have an efficiency at least equal to that of the 600/3 square substrates, while having an increased longevity (at least equal to the 400/6 square substrates).
Le convertisseur catalytique selon l'invention permet donc d'obtenir à la fois une bonne efficacité pour la réduction de l'émission des oxydes de carbone (14 %) et un colmatage retardé (38 heures). The catalytic converter according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain both good efficiency for reducing the emission of carbon oxides (14%) and delayed clogging (38 hours).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1.- Générateur de puissance mécanique comportant un moteur Diesel (12) et une ligne d'échappement (16) comportant un convertisseur catalytique (18), lequel convertisseur catalytique (18) comprend un substrat (20) définissant des canaux adjacents (22), caractérisé en ce que chaque canal (20) a une section hexagonale, le diamètre hydraulique (HD) de chaque canal (20) est supérieur à 900 μm, et la densité de canaux dans la section transversale du substrat par unité de surface exprimée en pouce2 est comprise entre 400 et 900. CLAIMS 1.- Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine (12) and an exhaust line (16) comprising a catalytic converter (18), which catalytic converter (18) comprises a substrate (20) defining adjacent channels (22 ), characterized in that each channel (20) has a hexagonal section, the hydraulic diameter (HD) of each channel (20) is greater than 900 μm, and the density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit of area expressed in inch 2 is between 400 and 900.
2.- Générateur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la densité de canaux dans la section transversale du substrat par unité de surface exprimée en pouce2 est comprise entre 500 et 800.2.- Generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inch 2 is between 500 and 800.
3.- Générateur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la densité de canaux dans la section transversale du substrat par unité de surface exprimée en pouce2 est sensiblement égale à 600.3.- Generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the density of channels in the cross section of the substrate per unit area expressed in inch 2 is substantially equal to 600.
4.- Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur (e) des parois poreuses (24), exprimée en millipouce, est comprise entre 2 et 5 (50,8 μm et 127 μm).4.- Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness (e) of the porous walls (24), expressed in millipouce, is between 2 and 5 (50.8 μm and 127 μm).
5.- Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précéden- tes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur des parois poreuses (24), exprimée en millipouce, est sensiblement égale à 3 (76,2 μm).5.- Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the porous walls (24), expressed in millipouce, is substantially equal to 3 (76.2 μm).
6.- Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque canal (20) a la section d'un hexagone régulier. 6.- Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each channel (20) has the section of a regular hexagon.
7.- Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le substrat (20) comporte une structure (26) homogène et continue définissant des canaux dont les surfaces sont recouvertes d'un revêtement (28) en matériau catalytique.7.- Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substrate (20) comprises a homogeneous and continuous structure (26) defining channels whose surfaces are covered with a coating (28) made of catalytic material.
8.- Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précéden- tes, caractérisé en ce que le substrat (20) comporte une structure (26) en céramique. 8.- Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substrate (20) comprises a structure (26) made of ceramic.
9.- Générateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moteur Diesel a une température de fonctionnement supérieure à 200°C.9.- Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diesel engine has an operating temperature above 200 ° C.
10.- Utilisation, pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur Diesel (12), d'un convertisseur catalytique (18) disposé dans une ligne d'échappement (16), ce convertisseur (18) comprenant un substrat (20) définissant des canaux adjacents (22), caractérisée en ce que chaque canal (22) a une section hexagonale et le diamètre hydraulique (HD) de chaque canal (20) est supérieur à 900 μm. 10.- Use, for the depollution of the exhaust gases of a Diesel engine (12), of a catalytic converter (18) disposed in an exhaust line (16), this converter (18) comprising a substrate ( 20) defining adjacent channels (22), characterized in that each channel (22) has a hexagonal section and the hydraulic diameter (HD) of each channel (20) is greater than 900 μm.
EP03762748A 2002-07-08 2003-07-08 Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter Withdrawn EP1546518A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0208567A FR2841937B1 (en) 2002-07-08 2002-07-08 MECHANICAL POWER GENERATOR COMPRISING A DIESEL ENGINE AND A CATALYTIC CONVERTER
FR0208567 2002-07-08
PCT/FR2003/002125 WO2004005680A1 (en) 2002-07-08 2003-07-08 Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1546518A1 true EP1546518A1 (en) 2005-06-29

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EP03762748A Withdrawn EP1546518A1 (en) 2002-07-08 2003-07-08 Mechanical power generator comprising a diesel engine and a catalytic converter

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EP (1) EP1546518A1 (en)
KR (1) KR20050046710A (en)
AU (1) AU2003263273A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2841937B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004005680A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200500085B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS605545B2 (en) 1980-03-19 1985-02-12 日本碍子株式会社 Low expansion ceramics and their manufacturing method
EP0244127A1 (en) 1986-04-16 1987-11-04 Johnson Matthey, Inc., Method for catalytically controlling exhaust gaz from automobiles
JPH074534B2 (en) 1988-09-22 1995-01-25 日本碍子株式会社 Honeycomb structure and manufacturing method thereof
JP2736099B2 (en) * 1989-02-06 1998-04-02 株式会社日本触媒 Diesel engine exhaust gas purification catalyst
JPH03258911A (en) 1990-03-08 1991-11-19 Ngk Insulators Ltd Filter for diesel particulate
DE4239875C2 (en) 1992-11-27 1999-02-11 Degussa Exhaust gas purification system to reduce hydrocarbon emissions during the cold start of internal combustion engines
GB9800325D0 (en) 1998-01-09 1998-03-04 Johnson Matthey Plc Improvements in catalytic materials
BE1012807A3 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-03-06 Denso Corp Catalyst for cleaning exhaust engine explosion.
DE19921263A1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2000-11-16 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Internal combustion engine with a small-volume catalyst

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004005680A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA200500085B (en) 2005-10-19
FR2841937B1 (en) 2006-07-14
KR20050046710A (en) 2005-05-18
FR2841937A1 (en) 2004-01-09
WO2004005680A1 (en) 2004-01-15
AU2003263273A1 (en) 2004-01-23

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