EP1542054A1 - Dimming lamella blind with two polarizing layers - Google Patents

Abstract

The window blind system, at a building facade, has an outer pane (4) and an inner pane (6) to allow light (8) to pass through into the interior (9). Transparent horizontal or vertical rotating slats (3) on pivots (5) are between the panes, which can rotate through 360[deg]. The slats carry a polarizing layer (1) and the inner surface of the outer pane also has a polarizing layer (2), both of which polarize the light at an angle of 45[deg]. Selective rotation of the slats gives conditions from a clear view through the window to a blocked light path with variable settings in between.

Description

The application relates to a light and visual protection device for buildings according to the preamble of the claim 1, a building facade with such a device according to claim 16 and further a method for retrofitting an existing window facade with such a Device according to claim 17.

A widely used light and visual protection device are slat blinds, i. Venetian blinds or Blinds with slats. These are essentially opaque louvers, e.g. made of metal, with lateral Straps tilted and pulled up and down. They have however, several disadvantages. The up and down takes Long. Will be waived on the dressing and be the slats placed horizontally, although it is a review possible, but this is severely impaired. In order to at all a mounting is possible, the lamellae may not too hard. However, light slats are less stable and robust and difficult to clean. One Another disadvantage is the visual impairment of Building. Especially with larger glass facades or For glass structures slat blinds therefore often have to the window inside are attached. This has however the disadvantage that absorbed by the slats Radiation energy inside the building remains and this heats up slightly when exposed to sunlight.

Polarizing layers or filters are off known in the field of optics. They are e.g. for sunglasses or liquid crystal displays used. The serial combination of a horizontal and a vertical or a right-handed and a left-handed polarizing Filters leads to a substantially total Extinction of the light. A single or serial Combination of two similar and equally directed polarizing filters only causes what the perception concerns a reduction in light intensity.

It is known, though not widely used, Window by means of two linearly polarizing layers to darken. The layers lie flat on each other. A Layer is rotatable in its plane. By means of a rotation 90 ° can be changed from dark to bright. Around to avoid the required round window shape gives There are also variants in which the layers are different have polarizing patterns, so that the light throttling achieved instead of turning by moving can be. However, these solutions have the disadvantage that the window is due to the absorbed energy heating up. The round window shape or if necessary the Patterns are distinctive and can therefore the visual appearance of a building. Moreover, in contrast to the classic slat blind described above, no directional light and privacy protection possible.

It is therefore the task of a device to provide the type mentioned, the at least partially avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages.

This object is solved by claim 1 by Slats with a first polarizing layer and a windowpane with a second polarizing one Layer are provided, wherein the polarizing Layers are arranged and designed by that Rotation of the slats about their longitudinal axis through each at least one of the slats and the windowpane passing light can be throttled.

This solution has a permanent plan superimposed polarizing elements has the advantage that the heat can be dissipated better. The Heat dissipation is also opposite to that described above classic slat blinds better, because the absorption the light or heat radiation energy in contrast to this is distributed over two layers. The single ones Layers heat up less. At the same time, how is in a classic slat blind, a directional Light and / or visual protection possible. Furthermore, can as with a classic lamellar gate that of the lamellae caused visual impairment to be reduced by aligning the slats in the direction of view become. In the inventive device is also an even lower visual impairment possible if the slats in the rotation position parallel to the window pane be brought in which the polarizations the two layers are the same direction. The slats are then, at least what the perception through the human eye concerns, transparent and essentially not darkening. The visual impairment is like this low on an elevator system for complete removal the slats can be dispensed with. This is simplified the construction and allows it comparatively heavy and therefore more stable and robust slats, especially glass fins, to use.

In a preferred embodiment of the inventive Device are the polarizing ones Layers linearly polarizing and with respect to their polarization direction at an angle between 40 ° and 50 °, in particular 45 °, aligned with the lamellae rotation axes. Linear polarizing layers have the advantage of low cost to be. The orientation at an angle of 45 ° or between 40 ° and 50 ° has the advantage that the polarization direction the first and second polarizing Layer relative to each other by the rotation of the slats varies between 0 ° and 90 ° or nearly 0 ° and 90 ° can be.

In a further preferred embodiment of inventive device are the polarizing Layers circularly polarizing. This variant has one other characteristic than the linear polarizing, e.g. what the perusal of a water surface or the Effect of dirt between the two polarizing Layers are concerned. In certain situations, therefore with this embodiment e.g. a creative advantage be achieved.

In a further preferred embodiment of inventive device, the slats have a Distance, e.g. half a slat width, from the windowpane. This has the advantage that between slats and Window pane an airflow is possible.

In a further preferred embodiment of according to the invention, the axis of rotation of the Slats in their middle. This has the advantage that for a rotation of the slats only low driving forces required are. Furthermore, in one orientation of the Slats parallel to the window pane, in which the greatest absorption of radiation is to be expected, the distance between fins and window pane compared to one vertical or tilted orientation increased, which allows for better airflow in this area.

In a further preferred embodiment of inventive device, the slats have a Width of more than 10 cm. Wide slats have the advantage that there are fewer connection lines when they are planned gives, so a better review possible is and the entirety of the slats rather than continuous Disc is perceived.

In a further preferred embodiment of The device according to the invention, the slats between a windowpane and another windowpane arranged. This has the advantage that the absorbed Radiation energy can be dissipated specifically, without that they are e.g. get into a building interior.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is a building facade, which the inventive Device having the outside of the building facade through the above window pane with the second polarizing layer is formed. This has the advantage that the slats do not weather are exposed and notice less.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is a method in which an existing window facade retrofitted with the inventive device is, with the slats between the above Window pane with the second polarizing Layer and another window pane are arranged and in this case the further window pane not retrofitted but through the existing window facade is formed.

This has the advantage that the existing Window facade does not have to be removed or replaced, so retrofitting is easy and at full usability the building interior can take place.

Fig. 1 schematisch eine bevorzugte Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung,

Fig. 2a bis 2c die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung anhand einer Darstellung welche exemplarisch eine der Lamellen zeigt,

Fig. 3 schematisch eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung, bei welcher die Lamellen um 360° drehbar sind,

Fig. 4 schematisch eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung, bei welcher die Lamellen um im Wesentlichen 180° drehbar sind,

Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch eine Lamelle einer Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung,

Fig. 6 schematisch einen Bauwerksausschnitt mit einer erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung in einer Ausführung mit vertikal angeordneten Lamellen,

Fig. 7 schematisch einen Bauwerksausschnitt mit einer erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung in einer Ausführung mit horizontal angeordneten Lamellen,

Fig. 8 schematisch den Verlauf des Luftstroms in einer Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung mit einem Luftfilter,

Fig. 9 schematisch die Lamellenmechanik und den Antrieb einer Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Licht- und Sichtschutzvorrichtung.

Further advantages and preferred embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims, as well as from the following description with reference to FIGS. Showing:

1 shows schematically a preferred embodiment of the inventive light and visual protection device,

2a to 2c, the operation of the inventive light and visual protection device based on a representation which exemplifies one of the slats,

3 shows schematically an embodiment of the light and sight protection device according to the invention, in which the lamellae are rotatable through 360 °,

4 schematically shows an embodiment of the light and sight protection device according to the invention, in which the lamellae are rotatable by substantially 180 °,

5 shows a section through a slat of an embodiment of the inventive light and visual protection device,

6 schematically shows a building section with an inventive light and visual protection device in an embodiment with vertically arranged fins,

7 schematically shows a building section with an inventive light and visual protection device in an embodiment with horizontally arranged slats,

8 shows schematically the course of the air flow in an embodiment of the inventive light and visual protection device with an air filter,

Fig. 9 shows schematically the lamellar mechanism and the drive of an embodiment of the inventive light and visual protection device.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a preferred embodiment the inventive light and visual protection device. The device has slats 3 with a first polarizing layer 1 on. The slats 3 are around Rotary axes 5 rotatable. The device also has a Window pane 4 with a second polarizing Layer 2 on.

The polarizing layers 1, 2 are such arranged and configured by a rotation the slats 3 through the window 4 and each throttled at least one of the slats 3 passing light can be. This is preferably achieved by in that the polarizing layers 1, 2 are linear are polarizing and the polarizing layers 1, 2 each have a polarization direction, which has a Angle between 40 ° and 50 °, in particular 45 °, to the Rotary axes 5 of the slats 3 occupies. The functioning Such an arrangement will be described below with reference to FIG. 2a to 2c explained in more detail. As one of the possible alternatives can for the polarizing layers 1, 2 e.g. also circularly polarizing filters, i. polarizing Layers where the light exiting a has certain polarization rotation and / or for Light of a certain polarization rotation impermeable are.

In addition to the window 4 is yet another Window 6 is provided. This has no Lichtdrosselfunktion. It ensures that the of the filter layers absorbed radiant energy of solar radiation 8 not or only to a small extent in Bauwerkinnere 9 passes. It is special for this function advantageous if the further window pane 6 a Insulating glass is. The window 4 forms a weather protection for the slats 3. Window 4 points on the inside, i. the slat or building side, the second polarizing layer 2 on and on the outside, which is exposed to the weather, one Support made of glass or plastic. The slats 3 have preferably a width of 10 to 20 cm. You can e.g. also a width of 2 to 5 cm, from 5 to 10 cm or have more than 20 cm. The length of the slats 3 is e.g. 50 to 200 cm. Preferably, the axis of rotation runs 5 of the fins 3 each substantially in the middle of Slats 3 and / or goes substantially through the Focus of the slats 3. This reduces the for one Rotation of the slats required driving forces.

However, it is also possible the slat axis to provide at the edge or near the edge of the slats. In contrast to a horizontal arrangement of the slats this results in a vertical arrangement the slats no significant disadvantage in terms of required Driving force.

It is also an embodiment with only one Window and slats possible. The slats can while seen from the inside before or behind the window be arranged.

Figs. 2a to 2c illustrate the operation the inventive light and visual protection device. Figs. 2a to 2c show the same device, however with different setting of the vane rotation position. By way of example, only one of the lamellae is in each case 3 shown. This is in front of a window 4 arranged. Slat 3 and 4 windows each have a linear polarizing layer 1 or 2, which a polarization direction at a 45 ° angle to the disk rotation axis 5 has. The polarization direction of the layers is indicated by arrows. There are two rotational positions, in which the lamella 3 parallel to Window 4 is. The first is shown in Fig. 2a. In this rotation position are the polarization directions the two layers 1, 2 rectified and the Slat 3 therefore appears transparent, since only round 50% of the incident non-polarized light absorbs become. The second such rotational position is shown in Fig. 2b. In this position of rotation, the Polarization directions at an angle of 90 ° to each other and the blade 3 appears black. In Fig. 2c the blade 3 has a rotational position of about 45 ° with respect the window 4. The slat 3 appears thereby considered in the direction of the window surface normal narrower than in Fig. 2a and 2b. The slat 3 appears also gray or as gray filter, because the polarization directions the two layers 1, 2 now because of Inclination of the blade 3 in the order of Diverge about 20 ° from each other. In the light throttling Ultimately, two effects are used: on the one hand the Variability of the intensity of the passing through the lamellae Light, and on the other hand, the classic, i.e. not transparent, lamellar known ago Variability of passing between the slats Light component. The by a slight rotation of the fins, i. e.g. by 5 °, caused "continuous" Light throttling is based on a combination the two effects. By turning over, i. by a rotation of 180 °, however, can be a "discrete" Light throttling based only on the first effect, namely the variation of the light passing through the lamellae, be effected. Through these different throttling variants can the lighting conditions in a room very good in coordination with certain light incidents and taking into account certain visual protection or review requests.

Effects of the illustrated in Fig. 2a to 2c Art can also be achieved with circular polarizers. Thus, the circular polarizers may e.g. so to each other be arranged to be in the shown in Fig. 2a Position are aligned the same and thus 50% of the let through the first polarizer of incident light. Upon rotation of the blade 3 by 180 °, the on the Slat 3 arranged circular polarizer in reverse lie so that the arrangement no longer lets light through.

Often circular polarizers consist of one Linear polarizer with upstream and downstream λ / 4 foil. In the present application should be used such circular polarizers arranged the elements so be that the λ / 4 foils in the second, darken position according to Fig. 2c between the linear polarizers are located. Preferably, at least at the lamella 3 arranged on both sides of the linear polarizer λ / 4 films, so that the polarizer for both directions of passage is circular-polarizing, while the polarizer on the window pane 6 only a λ / 4-foil the lamella 3 associated side is needed.

Instead of linear or circular polarizers elliptical polarizers can also be used.

Fig. 3 shows schematically the slats of a Embodiment of the light and sight protection device according to the invention, in which these are rotatable by 360 °. The Slats 3 are in a rotational position parallel to Window pane 4, i. they appear black or, after a 180 ° turn, transparent. The slats 3 are designed and stored in such a way that they essentially, apart from one required for rotatability narrow gap, connect directly to each other. This has the advantage that on the one hand, an almost complete Blackout is possible, but on the other hand the Slats 3, after a 180 ° turn, except for the connection lines form a flat surface and for the viewer as a whole like a normal windowpane appear. A reduction of possibly disturbing Connection lines can be made by wider slats, e.g. in the area from 10 to 20 cm, can be achieved.

Fig. 4 shows schematically an embodiment of inventive light and visual protection device, in which rotates the slats substantially by 180 ° are. Because of the lamella thickness, it is actually a little less than 180 °. The slats 3 overlap. This has the advantage that a better darkening possible is. In addition, the orientation of the slats is due so formed stop easier.

Fig. 5 shows a section through a blade 3 of the inventive light and visual protection device in a version as laminated glass. The polarizing Layer 1 is between two glass or Plexiglas panes arranged. She is so against damage, e.g. when cleaning, protected.

Fig. 6 shows schematically a building section with an embodiment of the inventive Light and visual protection device. The slats 3 are arranged vertically.

Fig. 7 shows schematically a building section with an embodiment of the inventive Light and visual protection device. The slats 3 are arranged horizontally.

Fig. 8 shows schematically the course of Air flow in an embodiment of the inventive Light and visual protection device. The radiation energy the solar radiation 8 is from the polarizing Layers 1, 2 absorbed and at least partially to the Air is discharged inside the device. It forms similar to a chimney by convection, i.e. by rising heated air, a stream of air 7. Of course, the airflow may also be active, e.g. by Fans, generated or amplified. So that air flowing into the interior of the device no pollution caused by dust and particles is a Air filter 14 proceed. This is the optical quality the device improves because dust particles the polarization of the light and thus between crossed polarizers lead to brightening. Between the window 4 and the slats 3 is at least in a state of rotation of the slats 3 in parallel to the window pane 4 a distance of preferably at least half a slat width of at least 2 cm, from at least 5 cm or at least 10 cm. The due to the radiation absorption heat-emitting elements are so separated. It's one between the heat-emitting Elements passing airflow possible, which causes a good heat dissipation. The further window pane 6 separates the building interior 9 from the air flow 7. The another window pane 6 is preferably an insulating glass, i.e. a double or triple glazing, in particular with a vacuum. The other window 6 carries no polarizing layers and thus corresponds to one conventional windows or a conventional glass facade. In the inventive method for retrofitting an existing window facade with an inventive Light and visual protection device becomes the another window 6, i. the disc, which no Polarization filter function must be fulfilled by the existing Window facade formed. This has the advantage that the existing window facade is not removed, replaced or must be changed substantially and, if also hidden, preserved in its original form remains, so that on the one hand retrofitting is easy and be carried out at full usability of the building interior can, and on the other hand, the original shape of the facade at any time and without major construction effort by removing the retrofitted elements restored can be. The device is preferably through a roof 10 protected, which either by an already existing Roof is formed or specifically for the device or may be formed as part of the device. Between the roof 10 and the device is an outlet opening provided for the air flow 7.

Fig. 9 shows schematically the lamellar mechanism and the drive of an embodiment of the inventive Light and visual protection device. The slats 3 are via gears 16 with each other and with a motor 12 drivingly connected. The gears 16 are in a housing 15 arranged, which from weathering and particles protects and can be removed for maintenance.

However, for synchronous rotation of the slats can also gears and rack, worm wheels and Worm and / or pulleys and belts may be provided. Such a lamellar mechanism is preferably in one Housing arranged. Furthermore, the slats, like a classic slat blinds, with laterally on the slats fasten straps to be turned.

The motor 12 may e.g. by means of a remote control 13 and / or controlled by a light sensor 11 become.

Furthermore, the present invention can special versions of conventional, i. Not polarizing slat blinds, to be transmitted, so e.g. arranged on a in the space of an insulating glass Venetian blinds.

The polarizing layers have at the each invention preferably prefers a homogeneous, Polarization property, i. the polarization direction in the case of linearly polarizing layers or the direction of polarization in circularly polarizing layers same on the whole shift. The inventive device But it can also be with cutouts or variations in the polarizing layers 1, 2 provided in particular to fade in and out in this way Patterns, texts or characters, such as Logos, form. Such configured devices may e.g. in sales environments be used.

Claims (17)

Light and sight protection device for buildings, which has a window pane (4) and movable lamellae (3), characterized in that the lamellae (3) have a first polarizing layer (1) and the window pane (4) has a second polarizing layer (2 ), wherein the polarizing layers (1, 2) are arranged and configured such that by rotating the lamellae (3) around the window pane (4) substantially parallel axes of rotation (5) by at least one of the lamellae (3) and the window pane (4) passing light can be throttled. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the polarizing layers (1, 2) are circularly polarizing. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the polarizing layers (1, 2) are linearly polarizing and the polarizing layers (1, 2) each have a polarization direction, which an angle between 40 ° and 50 °, in particular 45 °, to the Rotary axes (5) occupies. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) at least in a state of rotation parallel to the window pane (4) have a spacing of at least half the lamella width of the window pane (4). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axes of rotation (5) of the lamellae (3) each extend substantially in its center and / or substantially through its center of gravity. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) have a width of more than 20 cm, from 10 to 20 cm, from 5 to 10 cm or from 2 to 5 cm. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) are arranged substantially horizontally or substantially vertically. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) are aligned parallel to the window pane (4) and in this position substantially directly adjoin one another, wherein the lamellae are rotatable in particular by 360 °. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) are aligned substantially parallel to the window pane (4) and overlap in this position, wherein the lamellae (3) are in particular substantially rotatable by 180 °. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) are apart from the first polarizing layer (1) substantially of glass and / or Plexiglas and in particular two discs, between which the first polarizing layer (1) is. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) by means of gears (16), gears and rack, worm wheels and worm, pulleys and belts or belts are movable, in particular a housing (15) for the gears, Rack, worm wheels, worm, pulleys, belts and / or straps is provided. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the representation of text, patterns and / or characters parts of the first and / or second polarizing layer (1, 2) are recessed. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (3) between the window pane (4) and a further window pane (6) are arranged and in particular between the two window panes (4, 6) an air flow (7) is possible. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that in a lower region of the device, an air filter (14) is provided, which is designed and arranged so that it freed of dust and particles at a possible air flow (7) through the device sucked air. Device according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the further window pane (6) is an insulating glass. Building facade with a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the window pane (4) forms the outside of the building facade. Method for retrofitting an existing window facade with a light and visual protection device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the further window pane (6) is formed by the existing window facade.

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