EP1541441B1 - Method for determining the active power of a three-phase motor and electronic railway switch control - Google Patents

Method for determining the active power of a three-phase motor and electronic railway switch control Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1541441B1
EP1541441B1 EP03360139A EP03360139A EP1541441B1 EP 1541441 B1 EP1541441 B1 EP 1541441B1 EP 03360139 A EP03360139 A EP 03360139A EP 03360139 A EP03360139 A EP 03360139A EP 1541441 B1 EP1541441 B1 EP 1541441B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
power
circuit
point
loss
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EP03360139A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1541441A1 (en
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Bernd Klose
Manfred Schimkowitsch
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Priority to EP03360139A priority Critical patent/EP1541441B1/en
Priority to DE50302423T priority patent/DE50302423D1/en
Priority to AT03360139T priority patent/ATE317789T1/en
Publication of EP1541441A1 publication Critical patent/EP1541441A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/06—Electric devices for operating points or scotch-blocks, e.g. using electromotive driving means
    • B61L5/062—Wiring diagrams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the active power of an electric three-phase motor, preferably a points drive, with at least two circuits, each having at least one motor winding, and an electronic switch control for performing the method and a points drive system with such electronic switch control.
  • the document JP 02197460 discloses a monitoring system for electric soft drives.
  • a turnout drive system has one or more turnout drives positioned at various locations along a turnout with a switch tongue for adjusting the switch point.
  • Such point drive systems are used in railway rail networks at railway points.
  • the method according to the invention serves to diagnose the switch, in particular the determination of the maintenance state of the switch during rail operation.
  • Each turnout drive is controlled by at least one four-wire interface from an interlocking and supplied with an operating voltage.
  • the four-wire interface has four wires, two of which are subjected to phase-shifted AC voltages.
  • Such a four-wire interface provides a standard interface for diverter (cable end-of-line) used to operate a single point-and-turn diverter with a single tongue test contact on conventional railroad networks.
  • the absorbed power of the switch drive can be determined by means of a power measurement during the changeover process, and from this a diagnosis can be derived by means of a stiffness of the switch (heavy gear). This decision can be made to decide if maintenance will be initiated. For this purpose, it is necessary to determine the instantaneous line-included reactance of the switched-on circuits, i. the cable and other components, and thus to know the power loss to determine the recorded as the changeover of the switch from the point motor power (active power) as accurately as possible, because the total power consumption of the points drive is composed of the active power and the power loss together.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for determining the active power of an electric three-phase motor, in particular a points drive, and an electronic point controller and a points drive system, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular with which the determination of the maintenance condition of a switch In railway operations reliable and inexpensive is possible.
  • the measurement of the electrical current flowing in the first circuit and of the phase angle between the first alternating voltage and the measured current in a time interval between the first alternating current and the second alternating current is particularly preferred Applying the AC voltages is made. As a result, only reactive power and power losses due to line resistances are taken into account in the measurement, since the three-phase motor does not pick up active power until it has acted upon both circuits with a phase-shifted AC voltage by performing mechanical work.
  • the power correction value is preset by a calibration curve defining the power correction value as a function of the line resistance and / or the power loss.
  • the AC line resistance is measured in the inventive method in a circuit. By extrapolating this resistance by reading the power correction value from a calibration curve, one can reliably deduce the total resistance.
  • the calibration curve can be determined experimentally.
  • the determination of the active power is preferably carried out at the time of a point changeover. As a result, the maintenance condition is determined immediately if security problems would occur in case of malfunction of the switch. Measures for error correction can be initiated immediately.
  • the point controller according to the invention comprises a microcomputer, wherein the microcomputer comprises a memory which is loaded with software code sections for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the points controller according to the invention enables a cost-effective implementation of the method according to the invention, wherein in addition flexible adaptations to changed external operating parameters are possible.
  • the microcomputer preferably has a calibration curve memory, the calibration curve memory defining a calibration curve with a power correction value as a function of a line resistance and / or a power loss, and means configured for reading out power correction values as a function of line resistances and / or power losses.
  • the inventive Using a calibration curve results in a particularly flexible and reliable correction of the overall performance.
  • An inventive switch drive system comprises an electronic point controller according to the invention and an electric three-phase motor with at least two circuits, each having at least one motor winding. Further, at least one transducer adapted to measure measurement data is the at least one electric current value of an electric current flowing after applying the first circuit to the first AC voltage and before applying the second AC voltage to the second AC voltage in the first electric circuit and a phase angle between this current and the first AC voltage and at least one total power consumption value comprise and transfer means, arranged for transferring the measurement data to the measured data transfer means of the electronic point control provided.
  • Such a point drive system can be constructed inexpensively by upgrading existing point control systems. It realizes the advantages of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive switch operating system with a switch control according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 an inventive switch operating system is shown with an electronic switch controller 10 according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the electronic point controller 10 is connected to a four-wire interface 9.
  • the point controller 10 has voltage application means 11, which are arranged for temporally successive, preferably amplitude-dependent, charging of a first circuit 1 of a point machine 3 with a first alternating voltage and a second circuit 2 of the point machine 3 with a second alternating voltage.
  • the temporal succession is indicated in the figure by the designation ⁇ t between the symbolized voltage curves.
  • the first circuit 1 comprises a motor winding 4 and the second circuit 2 comprises two motor windings 4.
  • measuring data transfer means 13 are present.
  • phase angle is detected by measuring the electrical currents as a function of the time t become.
  • the measured data are measured by transducers 12. Together with the known applied voltage curve results in the phase angle.
  • active power calculating means 14 the active power is determined from the measured data. After switching on the first circuit 1 at least one voltage and at least one current measurement and at least one measurement of the phase angle are performed.
  • the current effective resistance in the switched-on circuit of the four-wire interface 9 is calculated. With the calculated effective resistance, the power measurement is corrected.
  • the switching of the three-phase point motor is carried out in the zero crossing of the voltage. Through the contacts in the switch drive 3 exist when switching two circuits 1,2. A circuit of an outer conductor L after the four-wire interface contact N with a motor winding 4 and a second circuit from an outer conductor L to another outer conductor L with two motor windings 4 turned on. By switching in the zero crossing of the voltage, first a circuit 1 is turned on and the second accordingly the grid given by the grid frequency in a time interval ⁇ t later. In this time interval, the measurements are carried out to determine the effective resistance.
  • the voltage, the current and the phase angle are determined when the motor is still stationary. From this, the effective resistance of the circuit is determined. The motor does not start until a voltage is applied to the second circuit, causing a rotating field.
  • the effective resistance determination can be made in both circuits 1,2. Which circuit is used for this can be decided in the implementation phase of the points drive system or the point controller has means for switching, arranged to perform the resistance determination in response to control commands either in the first or in the second circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

To determine the real power of an electrical three-phase motor, and especially the drive (3) for railway direction change points which has at least two current circuits (1,2) each with at least one motor coil (4) and an electronic points change control (10), the electrical resistance is tested by applying an alternating voltage (11) to one circuit with measurement of the phase angle between the alternating voltage and the current flow through it. An alternating voltage is applied to the second circuit, with a phase shift, after determining the loss. The total energy intake of the motor is measured using a measurement data transmission line (13). The conductor resistance and/or the power loss is computed (14) from the first alternating voltage and the measured current and the measured phase angle, to give the real power through correction of the total power with a power correction value derived from the resistance and/or loss.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Wirkleistung eines elektrischen Drehstrommotors, bevorzugt eines Weichenantriebs, mit mindestens zwei Stromkreisen, mit jeweils mindestens einer Motorwicklung, und eine elektronische Weichensteuerung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens sowie ein Weichenantriebssystem mit einer derartigen elektronischen Weichensteuerung. Die Schrift JP 02197460 offenbart ein überwachungssystem für elektrische weichenantriebe.
Ein Weichenantriebssystem verfügt über ein oder mehrere, an verschiedenen Orten entlang einer Weiche mit einer Weichenzunge positionierten Weichenantrieben zur Einstellung der Weichenzunge. Derartige Weichenantriebssysteme werden in Eisenbahnschienennetzen bei Eisenbahnweichen eingesetzt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dient der Diagnose der Weiche, insbesondere der Ermittlung des Wartungszustandes der Weiche während des Bahnbetriebs.The invention relates to a method for determining the active power of an electric three-phase motor, preferably a points drive, with at least two circuits, each having at least one motor winding, and an electronic switch control for performing the method and a points drive system with such electronic switch control. The document JP 02197460 discloses a monitoring system for electric soft drives.
A turnout drive system has one or more turnout drives positioned at various locations along a turnout with a switch tongue for adjusting the switch point. Such point drive systems are used in railway rail networks at railway points. The method according to the invention serves to diagnose the switch, in particular the determination of the maintenance state of the switch during rail operation.

Insbesondere, wenn derartige Weichen mit hohen Geschwindigkeiten befahren werden, muss der Wartungszustand der Weiche ständig überwacht werden, um den Sicherheitsanforderungen an den Betrieb einer derartigen Bahnweiche gerecht zu werden. Zum Umstellen der Weiche wird bei gebräuchlichen Weichenantriebssystemen ein mechanisches Weichengestänge, das von einem Weichenantrieb bewegt wird, benutzt. Durch Umwelteinflüsse, wie Verschmutzung und/oder Korrosion, kann es zu einer Schwergängigkeit der Weichenzunge kommen, die zu Störungen beim Umstellen führen kann.In particular, when such switches are driven at high speeds, the maintenance status of the switch must be constantly monitored to meet the safety requirements for the operation of such a railway switch. To switch the switch is used in conventional point drive systems, a mechanical point linkage, which is moved by a switch mechanism used. Environmental influences, such as soiling and / or corrosion, can lead to a stiffness of the switch tongue, which can lead to disturbances during switching.

Jeder Weichenantrieb wird über mindestens eine Vierdrahtschnittstelle von einem Stellwerk aus gesteuert und mit einer Betriebsspannung versorgt. Die Vierdrahtschnittstelle verfügt über vier Adern, wobei zwei mit phasenverschobenen Wechselspannungen beaufschlagt sind. Eine derartige Vierdrahtschnittstelle stellt eine Standardschnittstelle für Bahnweichen (Kabelendverteiter) dar, die für den Betrieb einer Weiche mit einem einzigen Weichenantrieb und einem einzigen Zungenprüfkontakt bei üblichen Bahnschienennetzen verwendet wird.Each turnout drive is controlled by at least one four-wire interface from an interlocking and supplied with an operating voltage. The four-wire interface has four wires, two of which are subjected to phase-shifted AC voltages. Such a four-wire interface provides a standard interface for diverter (cable end-of-line) used to operate a single point-and-turn diverter with a single tongue test contact on conventional railroad networks.

Zur Überwachung des Wartungszustandes der Weiche kann beim Umstellvorgang die aufgenommene Leistung des Weichenantriebs über eine Leistungsmessung bestimmt werden und daraus eine Diagnose über eine Schwergängigkeit der Weiche (Schwergang) abgeleitet werden. Über diese Diagnose kann die Entscheidung, ob eine Wartung eingeleitet wird getroffen werden. Dazu ist es notwendig, den momentanen Leitungs- inklusive Blindwiderstand der angeschalteten Stromkreise, d.h. der Kabel und sonstiger Bauelemente, und damit die Verlustleistung zu kennen, um die für die Umstellung der Weiche vom Weichenmotor aufgenommene Leistung (Wirkleistung) möglichst exakt zu bestimmen, denn die Gesamtleistungsaufnahme des Weichenantriebs setzt sich additiv aus der Wirkleistung und der Verlustleistung zusammen.To monitor the maintenance condition of the switch, the absorbed power of the switch drive can be determined by means of a power measurement during the changeover process, and from this a diagnosis can be derived by means of a stiffness of the switch (heavy gear). This decision can be made to decide if maintenance will be initiated. For this purpose, it is necessary to determine the instantaneous line-included reactance of the switched-on circuits, i. the cable and other components, and thus to know the power loss to determine the recorded as the changeover of the switch from the point motor power (active power) as accurately as possible, because the total power consumption of the points drive is composed of the active power and the power loss together.

Es ist gebräuchlich, die Verlustleistung aus einem aus den Plänen der Anlage, d.h. des Weichenantriebs, berechneten Leitungswiderstand zu berechnen. Dabei wird jedoch eine temperaturbeeinflusste Änderung des Leitungswiderstandes beim Betrieb des Weicheantriebs nicht berücksichtigt, was zu einem nicht tolerierbaren Fehler bei der Bestimmung der Wirkleistung führt.
Weiter existieren Lösungen, bei denen der Leitungswiderstand mittels Gleichstrom gemessen wird, was zumindest den Blindwiderstand und damit den Blindanteil der Leistung des Motors des Weichenantriebs eliminiert. Diese Lösungen erfordern jedoch zusätzlichen Schaltungsaufwand bei der Steuerung des Weichenantriebs (Weichensteuerung), was zu Zusatzkosten bei der Herstellung des Weichenantriebs führt.It is customary to calculate the power loss from a line resistance calculated from the plans of the plant, ie the points drive. there However, a temperature-influenced change in the line resistance is not taken into account during operation of the soft-drive, resulting in an intolerable error in determining the active power.
Furthermore, there are solutions in which the line resistance is measured by means of direct current, which eliminates at least the reactance and thus the reactive power of the motor of the points drive. However, these solutions require additional circuit complexity in the control of the point machine drive (switch control), which leads to additional costs in the production of the points drive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Wirkleistung eines elektrischen Drehstrommotors, insbesondere eines Weichenantriebs, und eine elektronische Weichensteuerung sowie ein Weichenantriebssystem bereit zu stellen, die die Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeiden, insbesondere mit denen die Ermittlung des Wartungszustandes einer Weiche im Bahnbetrieb zuverlässig und kostengünstig möglich ist.The invention has for its object to provide a method for determining the active power of an electric three-phase motor, in particular a points drive, and an electronic point controller and a points drive system, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular with which the determination of the maintenance condition of a switch In railway operations reliable and inexpensive is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren und die Vorrichtungen der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche stellen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung dar.This object is achieved by the method and the devices of the independent claims. The dependent claims represent preferred embodiments of the invention.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Wirkleistung eines elektrischen Drehstrommotors, insbesondere eines Weichenantriebs, mit mindestens zwei Stromkreisen, mit jeweils mindestens einer Motorwicklung, weist folgende Verfahrensschritte auf:

  • a) Bestimmung eines Leitungswiderstandes und/oder einer Verlustleistung, mit den Verlustbestimmungsverfahrensschritten:
    • Beaufschlagen eines ersten Stromkreises der beiden Stromkreise mit einer ersten Wechselspannung,
    • Messen des im ersten Stromkreis fließenden elektrischen Stroms und des Phasenwinkels zwischen der ersten Wechselspannung und dem Strom,
  • b) Beaufschlagen des zweiten Stromkreises der beiden Stromkreise mit einer zur ersten Wechselspannung phasenverschobenen zweiten Wechselspannung nach der Durchführung der Verlustbestimmungsverfahrensschritte,
  • c) Messung der Gesamtleistungsaufnahme des Drehstrommotors,
  • d) Berechnen eines Leitungswiderstandes und/oder einer Verlustleistung aus der ersten Wechselspannung und dem gemessenen Strom und dem gemessenen Phasenwinkel und
  • e) Ermittlung der Wirkleistung durch Korrigieren der Gesamtleistung mit einem von dem Leitungswiderstand und/oder der Verlustleistung abhängigen Leistungskorrekturwert.
The inventive method for determining the active power of an electric three-phase motor, in particular a points drive, with at least two circuits, each with at least one motor winding, comprises the following method steps:
  • a) Determination of a line resistance and / or a power loss, with the loss determination method steps:
    • Applying a first circuit of the two circuits with a first AC voltage,
    • Measuring the electric current flowing in the first circuit and the phase angle between the first alternating voltage and the current,
  • b) applying the second circuit of the two circuits with a second AC voltage phase-shifted to the first AC voltage after performing the loss determination method steps,
  • c) measurement of the total power consumption of the three-phase motor,
  • d) calculating a line resistance and / or a power loss from the first AC voltage and the measured current and the measured phase angle and
  • e) Determining the active power by correcting the total power with a power correction value dependent on the line resistance and / or the power loss.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden die folgenden Vorteile bereitgestellt:

  • Diagnosesysteme für Weichen können in die Weichensteuerung integriert werden. Die Diagnose in die Steuerung zu integrieren führt zu einer Kostensenkung.
  • Die Anwendung des Verfahrens eignet sich insbesondere für Hochgeschwindigkeitsweichen auf Schnellfahrstrecken, die besonders stark sicherheitstechnisch überwacht werden müssen.
  • Die Bestimmung der Wirkleistung und damit des Wirkwiderstandes kann mit bei bekannten Weichenantriebssystemen vorhandenen Messwandlern vorgenommen werden. Zusätzliche Komponenten sind dafür nicht notwendig.
  • Die Bestimmung des Wirkwiderstandes kann unmittelbar vor deren Umstellung erfolgen. Veränderungen des Wirkwiderstandes zwischen der Messung und der Weichenumstellung treten daher nicht auf.
  • Das Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere für rnikrorechnergesteuerte Weichensteuerungen und kann dort durch einfaches Einspielen von Software mit Codeabschnitten, die die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens steuern, implementiert werden.
The method according to the invention provides the following advantages:
  • Turnout diagnostic systems can be integrated into the turnout control. Integrating the diagnosis into the control leads to a reduction in costs.
  • The application of the method is particularly suitable for high-speed points on high-speed lines, which must be monitored very strong safety.
  • The determination of the active power and thus the effective resistance can be made with present in known switch drive systems transducers. Additional components are not necessary for this.
  • The determination of the effective resistance can be made immediately before their conversion. Changes in the effective resistance between the measurement and the point changeover therefore do not occur.
  • The method is particularly suitable for microcomputer-controlled point controllers and can be implemented there by simply importing software with code sections which control the execution of the method according to the invention.

Besonders bevorzugt wird das Beaufschlagen des ersten und des zweiten Stromkreises mit jeweils einer Wechselspannung zum Zeitpunkt eines Nulldurchganges der jeweiligen Wechselspannung vorgenommen, wobei die Messung des im ersten Stromkreis fließenden elektrischen Stroms und des Phasenwinkels zwischen der ersten Wechselspannung und dem gemessenen Strom in einem Zeitintervall zwischen dem Beaufschlagen der Wechselspannungen vorgenommen wird. Dadurch werden ausschließlich Blindleistungen und Leistungsverluste durch Leitungswiderstände bei der Messung berücksichtigt, da der Drehstrommotor erst nach Beaufschlagung beider Stromkreise mit einer phasenverschobenen Wechselspannung Wirkleistung aufnimmt, indem er mechanische Arbeit verrichtet.The measurement of the electrical current flowing in the first circuit and of the phase angle between the first alternating voltage and the measured current in a time interval between the first alternating current and the second alternating current is particularly preferred Applying the AC voltages is made. As a result, only reactive power and power losses due to line resistances are taken into account in the measurement, since the three-phase motor does not pick up active power until it has acted upon both circuits with a phase-shifted AC voltage by performing mechanical work.

Bevorzugt wird der Leistungskorrekturwert von einer Eichkurve, die den Leistungskorrekturwert in Abhängigkeit von dem Leitungswiderstand und/oder der Verlustleistung festlegt, vorgegeben. Der Wechselstrom-Leitungswiderstand wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in einem Stromkreis gemessen. Durch die Extrapolation dieses Widerstandes durch Ablesen des Leistungskorrekturwerts von einer Eichkurve kann zuverlässig auf den Gesamtwiderstand geschlossen werden. Die Eichkurve kann experimentell bestimmt werden.Preferably, the power correction value is preset by a calibration curve defining the power correction value as a function of the line resistance and / or the power loss. The AC line resistance is measured in the inventive method in a circuit. By extrapolating this resistance by reading the power correction value from a calibration curve, one can reliably deduce the total resistance. The calibration curve can be determined experimentally.

Bevorzugt wird die Bestimmung der Wirkleistung zum Zeitpunkt einer Weichenumstellung vorgenommen. Dadurch wird der Wartungszustand unmittelbar dann bestimmt, wenn bei Fehlfunktionen der Weiche Sicherheitsprobleme auftreten würden. Maßnahmen zur Fehlerkorrektur können unmittelbar eingeleitet werden.The determination of the active power is preferably carried out at the time of a point changeover. As a result, the maintenance condition is determined immediately if security problems would occur in case of malfunction of the switch. Measures for error correction can be initiated immediately.

Hinsichtlich der elektronischen Weichensteuerung zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe durch eine Weichensteuerung gelöst, bei der vorgesehen sind:

  • a) Spannungsbeaufschlagungsmittel, eingerichtet zum zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden, bevorzugt amplitudenabhängigen, Beaufschlagen eines ersten Stromkreises eines Weichenantriebs mit einer ersten Wechselspannung und eines zweiten Stromkreises eines Weichenantriebs mit einer zweiten Wechselspannung,
  • b) Messdatenübernahmemittel, eingerichtet zur Übernahme von Messdaten, die mindestens einen elektrischen Stromwert eines nach Beaufschlagen des ersten Stromkreises mit der ersten Wechselspannung und vor Beaufschlagen des zweiten Stromkreises mit der zweiten Wechselspannung in dem ersten Stromkreis fließenden elektrischen Stroms und einen Phasenwinkel zwischen diesem Strom und der ersten Wechselspannung und mindestens einen Gesamtleistungsaufnahmewert umfassen, und
  • c) Wirkleistungsberechnungsmittel, eingerichtet zum Ermitteln der Wirkleistung aus den Messdaten.

Die erfindungsgemäße elektronische Weichensteuerung realisiert die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.With regard to the electronic switch control for carrying out the method according to the invention, the object is achieved by a switch control, in which are provided:
  • a) Spannungsbeaufschlagungsmittel, arranged for temporally successive, preferably amplitude-dependent, applying a first circuit of a point drive with a first AC voltage and a second circuit of a point drive with a second AC voltage,
  • b) measurement data transfer means adapted to take over measurement data, the at least one electric current value of a current after applying the first circuit with the first AC voltage and before applying the second circuit with the second AC voltage in the first electric circuit current and a phase angle between this current and the first AC voltage and at least one total power consumption value, and
  • c) active power calculating means, arranged for determining the active power from the measured data.

The inventive electronic point control realizes the advantages of the method according to the invention.

Bevorzugt weist die erfindungsgemäße Weichensteuerung einen Mikrorechner auf, wobei der Mikrorechner einen Speicher umfasst, der mit Softwarecodeabschnitten zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geladen ist. Diese Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Weichensteuerung ermöglicht eine kostengünstige Implementierung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wobei zusätzlich flexible Anpassungen an geänderte äußere Betriebsparameter möglich sind.Preferably, the point controller according to the invention comprises a microcomputer, wherein the microcomputer comprises a memory which is loaded with software code sections for carrying out the method according to the invention. This embodiment of the points controller according to the invention enables a cost-effective implementation of the method according to the invention, wherein in addition flexible adaptations to changed external operating parameters are possible.

Bevorzugt verfügt der Mikrorechner über einen Eichkurvenspeicher, wobei der Eichkurvenspeicher eine Eichkurve mit Leistungskorrekturwert in Abhängigkeit von einem Leitungswiderstand und/oder einer Verlustleistung festlegt und Mittel, eingerichtet zum Auslesen von Leistungskorrekturwerten in Abhängigkeit von Leitungswiderständen und/oder Verlustleistungen. Die erfindungsgemäße Anwendung einer Eichkurve führt zu einem besonders flexiblen und zuverlässigen Korrigieren der Gesamtleistung.The microcomputer preferably has a calibration curve memory, the calibration curve memory defining a calibration curve with a power correction value as a function of a line resistance and / or a power loss, and means configured for reading out power correction values as a function of line resistances and / or power losses. The inventive Using a calibration curve results in a particularly flexible and reliable correction of the overall performance.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Weichenantriebssystem umfasst eine erfindungsgemäße elektronische Weichensteuerung und einen elektrischen Drehstrommotor mit mindestens zwei Stromkreisen, mit jeweils mindestens einer Motorwicklung. Weiter sind mindestens ein Messwandler, eingerichtet zum Messen von Messdaten, die mindestens einen elektrischen Stromwert eines nach Beaufschlagen des ersten Stromkreises mit der ersten Wechselspannung und vor Beaufschlagen des zweiten Stromkreises mit der zweiten Wechselspannung in dem ersten Stromkreis fließenden elektrischen Stroms und einen Phasenwinkel zwischen diesem Strom und der ersten Wechselspannung und mindestens einen Gesamtleistungsaufnahmewert umfassen und Übergabemittel, eingerichtet zur Übergabe der Messdaten an die Messdatenübernahmemittel der elektronischen Weichensteuerung, vorgesehen. Ein derartiges Weichenantriebssystem kann durch Aufrüsten von bestehenden Weichenantriebssystemen kostengünstig aufgebaut werden. Es realisiert die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.An inventive switch drive system comprises an electronic point controller according to the invention and an electric three-phase motor with at least two circuits, each having at least one motor winding. Further, at least one transducer adapted to measure measurement data is the at least one electric current value of an electric current flowing after applying the first circuit to the first AC voltage and before applying the second AC voltage to the second AC voltage in the first electric circuit and a phase angle between this current and the first AC voltage and at least one total power consumption value comprise and transfer means, arranged for transferring the measurement data to the measured data transfer means of the electronic point control provided. Such a point drive system can be constructed inexpensively by upgrading existing point control systems. It realizes the advantages of the method according to the invention.

Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Weichenantriebssystem zur Wartungszustandsermittlung einer Bahnweiche. Diese Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Weichenantriebssystems erhöht die Sicherheit im Bahnverkehr erheblich.Use of the point machine drive system according to the invention for maintenance status determination of a railway switch. This use of the switch machine system according to the invention significantly increases the safety in rail traffic.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beigefügten Zeichnungen. Die vorstehend genannten und die noch weiter aufgeführten Merkmale der Erfindung können jeweils einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander verwendet werden. Die erwähnten Ausführungsformen sind nicht als abschließende Aufzählung zu verstehen, sondern haben vielmehr beispielhaften Charakter.Further advantages will be apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings. The above-mentioned and still further listed features of the invention may be used individually or in combination with each other. The mentioned embodiments are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have exemplary character.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail by means of embodiments with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Weichenantriebssystem mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Weichensteuerung.Fig. 1 shows an inventive switch operating system with a switch control according to the invention.

Die Fign. der Zeichnung zeigen den erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstand stark schematisiert und sind nicht maßstäblich zu verstehen. Die einzelnen Bestandteile des erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstandes sind so dargestellt, dass ihr Aufbau gut gezeigt werden kann.The Fign. The drawings show the subject invention highly schematic and are not to scale. The individual components of the article according to the invention are shown so that their structure can be well shown.

In Fig. 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Weichenantriebssystem mit einer erfindungsgemäßen elektronische Weichensteuerung 10 zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt. Die elektronische Weichensteuerung 10 ist an eine Vierdrahtschnittstelle 9 angeschtossen. Die Weichensteuerung 10 weist Spannungsbeaufschlagungsmittel 11 auf, die zum zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden, bevorzugt amplitudenabhängigen, Beaufschlagen eines ersten Stromkreises 1 eines Weichenantriebs 3 mit einer ersten Wechselspannung und eines zweiten Stromkreises 2 des Weichenantriebs 3 mit einer zweiten Wechselspannung, eingerichtet sind. Das zeitliche Aufeinanderfolgen ist in der Figur durch die Bezeichnung Δt zwischen den symbolisierten Spannungsverläufen angedeutet. Der erste Stromkreis 1 umfasst eine Motorwicklung 4 und der zweite Stromkreis 2 umfasst zwei Motorwicklungen 4. Weiter sind Messdatenübernahmemittel 13 vorhanden. Diese sind eingerichtet zur Übernahme von Messdaten, die mindestens einen elektrischen Stromwert I(t) eines nach Beaufschlagen des ersten Stromkreises 1 mit der ersten Wechselspannung und vor Beaufschlagen des zweiten Stromkreises 2 mit der zweiten Wechselspannung in dem ersten Stromkreis fließenden elektrischen Stroms und einen Phasenwinkel zwischen diesem Strom und der ersten Wechselspannung und mindestens einen Gesamtleistungsaufnahmewert umfassen. Der Phasenwinkel wird dadurch erfasst, dass die elektrischen Ströme in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t gemessen werden. Die Messdaten werden von Messwandlern 12 gemessen. Zusammen mit dem bekannten angelegten Spannungsverlauf ergibt sich der Phasenwinkel. Mittels von Wirkleistungsberechnungsmitteln 14 wird die Wirkleistung aus den Messdaten ermittelt. Nach dem Einschalten des ersten Stromkreises1 werden je mindestens eine Spannung- und mindestens eine Strommessung sowie mindestens eine Messung des Phasenwinkels durchgeführt. Aus diesen Größen wird der aktuelle Wirkwiderstand im angeschalteten Stromkreis der Vierdrahtschnittstelle 9 berechnet. Mit dem berechneten Wirkwiderstand wird die Leistungsmessung korrigiert.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Weichensteuerung erfolgt das Einschalten des Drehstrom-Weichenmotors im Nulldurchgang der Spannung. Durch die Kontakte im Weichenantrieb 3 existieren beim Einschalten zwei Stromkreise 1,2. Ein Stromkreis von einem Aussenleiter L nach dem Vierdrahtschnittstellenkontakt N mit einer Motorwicklung 4 und ein zweiter Stromkreis von einem Aussenleiter L zu einem weiteren Aussenleiter L mit zwei eingeschalteten Motorwicklungen 4. Durch das Schalten im Nulldurchgang der Spannung wird zuerst ein Stromkreis 1 eingeschaltet und der zweite entsprechend dem durch die Netzfrequenz gegebenen Raster in einem Zeitintervall Δt später. In diesem Zeitintervall werden die Messungen zur Bestimmung des Wirkwiderstandes durchgeführt.
Es werden die Spannung, der Strom und der Phasenwinkel bei noch stillstehendem Motor bestimmt. Daraus wird der Wirkwiderstand des Stromkreises bestimmt. Der Motor läuft erst an, wenn eine Spannung an den zweiten Stromkreis angelegt wird und dadurch ein Drehfeld anliegt. Die Wirkwiderstandsbestimmung kann in beiden Stromkreisen 1,2 vorgenommen werden. Welcher Stromkreis dazu verwendet wird, kann in der Implementierungsphase des Weichenantriebssystems entschieden werden oder die Weichensteuerung verfügt über Mittel zur Umschaltung, eingerichtet um die Wirkwiderstandsbestimmung in Abhängigkeit von Steuerbefehlen entweder im ersten oder im zweiten Stromkreis durchzuführen.In Fig. 1, an inventive switch operating system is shown with an electronic switch controller 10 according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention. The electronic point controller 10 is connected to a four-wire interface 9. The point controller 10 has voltage application means 11, which are arranged for temporally successive, preferably amplitude-dependent, charging of a first circuit 1 of a point machine 3 with a first alternating voltage and a second circuit 2 of the point machine 3 with a second alternating voltage. The temporal succession is indicated in the figure by the designation Δt between the symbolized voltage curves. The first circuit 1 comprises a motor winding 4 and the second circuit 2 comprises two motor windings 4. Furthermore, measuring data transfer means 13 are present. These are set up to take over measurement data which has at least one electrical current value I (t) of an electrical current flowing after applying the first circuit 1 to the first alternating voltage and before the second circuit 2 is subjected to the second alternating voltage in the first circuit and a phase angle between this current and the first alternating voltage and at least one total power consumption value. The phase angle is detected by measuring the electrical currents as a function of the time t become. The measured data are measured by transducers 12. Together with the known applied voltage curve results in the phase angle. By means of active power calculating means 14, the active power is determined from the measured data. After switching on the first circuit 1 at least one voltage and at least one current measurement and at least one measurement of the phase angle are performed. From these variables, the current effective resistance in the switched-on circuit of the four-wire interface 9 is calculated. With the calculated effective resistance, the power measurement is corrected.
In the switch control according to the invention, the switching of the three-phase point motor is carried out in the zero crossing of the voltage. Through the contacts in the switch drive 3 exist when switching two circuits 1,2. A circuit of an outer conductor L after the four-wire interface contact N with a motor winding 4 and a second circuit from an outer conductor L to another outer conductor L with two motor windings 4 turned on. By switching in the zero crossing of the voltage, first a circuit 1 is turned on and the second accordingly the grid given by the grid frequency in a time interval Δt later. In this time interval, the measurements are carried out to determine the effective resistance.
The voltage, the current and the phase angle are determined when the motor is still stationary. From this, the effective resistance of the circuit is determined. The motor does not start until a voltage is applied to the second circuit, causing a rotating field. The effective resistance determination can be made in both circuits 1,2. Which circuit is used for this can be decided in the implementation phase of the points drive system or the point controller has means for switching, arranged to perform the resistance determination in response to control commands either in the first or in the second circuit.

Claims (9)

  1. A method for determining the active power of a three-phase electric motor, preferably of a rail-point drive (3), with at least two circuits (1, 2), each with at least one motor winding (4), with the following steps:
    a) determining a line resistance and/or a loss power, with the following loss-determining steps:
    - applying a first a.c. voltage to a first circuit (1) of the two circuits (1, 2),
    - measuring the electric current flowing in the first circuit (1), and measuring the phase angle between the first a.c. voltage and the current,
    b) applying a second a.c. voltage, which is out of phase relative to the first a.c. voltage, to the second circuit (2) of the two circuits (1, 2) after the execution of the loss-determining steps,
    c) measuring the total power consumption of the three-phase motor,
    d) computing a line resistance and/or a loss power from the first a.c. voltage and from the measured current and from the measured phase angle and
    e) ascertaining the active power by correcting the total power with a power-correction value depending on the line resistance and/or on the loss power.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the application of an a.c. voltage to the first circuit and to the second circuit is performed at the time of a passage of the respective a.c. voltage through zero, the measurement of the electric current flowing in the first circuit and of the phase angle between the first a.c. voltage and the measured current being performed within a time-interval between the application of the a.c. voltages.
  3. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the power-correction value is predetermined by a calibration curve that establishes the power-correction value as a function of the line resistance and/or of the loss power.
  4. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the determination of the active power is performed at the time of a switching of the points.
  5. An electronic rail-point controller (10) for executing the method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the following are provided:
    a) voltage-application means (11), adjusted for temporally consecutive, preferably amplitude-dependent, application of a first a.c. voltage to a first circuit (1) of a point drive (3), and of a second a.c. voltage to a second circuit (2) of a point drive (3),
    b) measurement-data transfer means (13), adjusted for transferring measurement data comprising at least one electric-current value of an electric current flowing in the first circuit after application of the first a.c. voltage to the first circuit (1) and prior to application of the second a.c. voltage to the second circuit (2) and comprising a phase angle between this current and the first a.c. voltage and comprising at least one total-power-consumption value, and
    c) active-power computation means (14), adjusted for ascertaining the active power from the measurement data.
  6. Electronic rail-point controller (10) according to Claim 5, characterised in that the point controller (10) comprises a microcomputer, said microcomputer comprising a memory that is loaded with sections of software code for executing the method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4.
  7. Electronic rail-point controller (10) according to Claim 6, characterised in that the microcomputer exhibits
    - a calibration-curve memory, said calibration-curve memory establishing a calibration curve with power-correction value as a function of a line resistance and/or of a loss power, and
    - means that have been adjusted for reading out power-correction values as a function of line resistances and/or of loss powers.
  8. A point-drive system with an electronic rail-point controller (10) according to at least one of Claims 5 to 7 and with a three-phase electric motor with at least two circuits (1, 2), each with at least one motor winding (4),
    characterised in that
    - transducers (12), adjusted for measuring measurement data comprising at least one electric-current value of an electric current flowing in the first circuit (1) after application of the first a.c. voltage to the first circuit (1) and prior to application of the second a.c. voltage to the second circuit (2) and comprising a phase angle between this current and the first a.c. voltage and comprising at least one total-power-consumption value, and
    - transfer means, adjusted for transferring the measurement data to the measurement-data transfer means (13) of the electronic point controller, are provided.
  9. Use of the point-drive system according to Claim 8 for ascertaining the maintenance condition of a railway point.
EP03360139A 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method for determining the active power of a three-phase motor and electronic railway switch control Expired - Lifetime EP1541441B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03360139A EP1541441B1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method for determining the active power of a three-phase motor and electronic railway switch control
DE50302423T DE50302423D1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method for determining the active power of a three-phase motor and electronic point control
AT03360139T ATE317789T1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE REAL POWER OF A THREE-THREE-AC MOTOR AND ELECTRONIC POINT CONTROL

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03360139A EP1541441B1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method for determining the active power of a three-phase motor and electronic railway switch control

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EP1541441A1 EP1541441A1 (en) 2005-06-15
EP1541441B1 true EP1541441B1 (en) 2006-02-15

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DE202007008329U1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2007-09-06 Vae Eisenbahnsysteme Gmbh Device for the contactless determination of the energy requirement of a switch actuator
DE102008055651A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Point Diagnostic System
CN104354719B (en) * 2014-10-31 2016-02-24 西安交通大学 A kind of two-stage planetary reduction gear formula switch machine of external AC servo synchronous machine drives

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JP2612759B2 (en) * 1989-01-27 1997-05-21 四国旅客鉄道 株式会社 Point machine monitoring device

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