EP1540805A1 - Electronic control device for motor - Google Patents
Electronic control device for motorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1540805A1 EP1540805A1 EP03775439A EP03775439A EP1540805A1 EP 1540805 A1 EP1540805 A1 EP 1540805A1 EP 03775439 A EP03775439 A EP 03775439A EP 03775439 A EP03775439 A EP 03775439A EP 1540805 A1 EP1540805 A1 EP 1540805A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- motor
- relay
- control
- electronic card
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
- H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
- H05K7/1427—Housings
- H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
- H05K7/14322—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters wherein the control and power circuits of a power converter are arranged within the same casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
- H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
- H05K7/1427—Housings
- H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
- H05K7/14327—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters having supplementary functional units, e.g. data transfer modules or displays or user interfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic control device for a motor, preferably asynchronous, single-phase or three-phase, comprising at least one electronic card and a static relay for controlling the power supply to the motor, card and relay being preferably housed inside 'a housing.
- control devices of the aforementioned type can be adapted both in standard environments or at risk of explosion, but are more particularly used in explosive atmospheres of all kinds, gas or dust, for explosion-proof electric motors of non-limiting type LEROY -SOMER, ELNOR or ATAV (registered trademarks).
- Such motors are notably widely used for controlling paint agitators or other products containing volatile compounds, an example of the most common risk class of which is IIB T4.
- document US-A-6,150,792 describes a phase controller intended for a three-phase asynchronous motor.
- it is intended to supply the motor exclusively with a current whose electrical parameters, frequency and voltage, are in accordance with correct operation of the motor.
- the means implemented require the presence of an electromagnetic relay associated with a power switch whose drawbacks: high consumption and power and formation of sparks at each switching are well known.
- a switch is closed to allow the supply of a first sensor which detects the voltage and frequency conditions of the current and controls, when the conditions are favorable, the supply of the motor by closing the electromagnetic relay and switching the power switch, a second detection system more sensitive than the first detection system and acting with delay relative to this first detection system again detects the frequency and the voltage of the current supplied.
- This second system is then likely to trigger the opening of the relay and the power switch when the current supply conditions are unfavorable.
- electromechanical relays of the type mentioned above have many drawbacks compared to an electronic control device.
- document EP-A-1,079,509 describes a current supply device in which three capacitors arranged in series are provided which thus form a capacitive impedance supplied from the motor supply network, this capacitive impedance serving to lower the supply voltage of the rest of the device. This capacitive impedance is used to supply a led.
- a photodetector also sends a signal to a microprocessor depending on the state, on or off, of the LED. When the LED is on, the microprocessor, alerted by the photodetector, ensures the polarization of the transistor which then becomes conductive and supplies an electromagnetic relay which thus allows a supply of the motor.
- the photodetector When a fault appears on the input current, the LED goes out, the photodetector signals the extension of the LED to the microprocessor which then opens the electromagnetic relay preventing any supply of the motor.
- the essential drawback of such a device is linked on the one hand to the presence of an electromagnetic relay necessarily involving damaging mechanical contacts in the context of installations intended for environments at high risk of explosion.
- the presence of at least three capacitors shows that the intensity necessary for the control is important because of the type of control elements selected.
- the electronic control with programmed logic is deported via an electrical connection cable in a compact and light plastic housing.
- the connecting cable at its other end is connected to the motor terminal box in which the switching of the power is necessarily placed, which is mainly carried out by relays which may be of the electromechanical or static type.
- the engine start and stop are controlled by a keyboard with flexible membranes for tactile buttons.
- the electrical safety elements in potentially explosive atmospheres are ensured by the association of the modes “d” of explosion-proof enclosure for the motor and “i” of intrinsic safety for the electronic card and its remote control elements.
- This control device has the drawback of being inextricably linked with a type of motor which exclusively has suitable connection means.
- This proprietary "engine and electronic control" assembly is not universal and cannot be recovered for another commercial engine if it is not provided for this purpose.
- a number of other motor controls are offered by manufacturers of electrical components such as LEGRAND ATX, TECHNOR or BARTEC. These do not have electronic control, but are made up only with standard electrical components such as power discontactors and motor protection relays capable of absorbing very high intensity currents of the TELEMECANIQUE electrical component type assembled in an envelope explosion-proof "d” associated with electrical contact push-buttons for on / off control in an analogous protection mode or in increased safety mode "e” described by standard EN50019. The box is then connected to the motor by appropriate electrical cables.
- the electronic control version of FAS includes a very compact wired logic electronic card on which all of the electromechanical relay type power control and switching components are installed. It can be integrated either in a standard plastic enclosure or in an explosion-proof aluminum enclosure specific for use in an explosive atmosphere in accordance with standard EN50018. The engine is started and stopped by touch buttons on a flexible membrane keyboard. An amperometric protection element ensures motor safety. Another alternative solution is to house all of the electronics in the motor terminal box and to deport only contactors such as pushbuttons with electrical contact, possibly in protection mode "d" for potentially explosive atmospheres.
- the electronic control version of FILLON-PICHON comprises, housed inside a housing, at least one electronic card in programmed logic and a power switching component of the CELDUC static relay type to control the power supply of the motor.
- the engine is started and stopped by touch buttons on a flexible membrane keyboard.
- the general rules, described in the European standard EN50014, are applied for protection in an explosive atmosphere and more particularly that of encapsulation "m” (standard EN50028) with a resin of polyurethane or Epoxy type in combination with that of intrinsic safety. "I" (standard EN50020).
- the electronic cards have at least one transformer technology to be soldered on an electronic circuit connected by the phase wire of the alternating network supplying the motor to the mains.
- the function of this transformer is to lower the line voltage to draw the energy required to supply a regulator which will restore it in the form of a DC voltage of a few volts which will be used exclusively for the control unit.
- This transformer is protected upstream by fuse type components for overcurrents or varistor type for overvoltages.
- the very construction technology of a transformer implies a dependence relationship with a constant established transformation ratio "r t ", corresponding to the relationship between the number of winding turns ni on the primary and n 2 on the transformer secondary such as:
- Ui and primary voltage and current respectively.
- U 2 and l 2 respectively voltage and current at the secondary.
- the existing transformers corresponding to the best performance achieved has an operating range that is still too narrow to meet the requirements of all networks around the world with their wide tolerance. This results in the need to have at least two types of transformers and to adapt, each time, the control device to the network of the country in which such a control device is to be installed. In addition, depending on the importance of this voltage range, it is necessary to carry out a lowering of a voltage up to a value always usable by the regulating component responsible for supplying with DC voltage the control components of the electronic circuit. .
- connection panels solder or crimp terminals, added welds or added shunts
- connection panels solder or crimp terminals
- added welds or added shunts involves a significant preparation time and a complex manufacturing process that 'it is difficult to master.
- the guarantee of a product's durability over time is no longer absolute, despite all the care given to the numerous quality controls at all stages of industrial manufacturing.
- the risk of failure can occur after a period of abnormal transport or use of the product in extreme environments.
- control members of the type made up of a membrane keyboard generates a certain number of failures over time, such as the rupture of the electrical connection ply during an excessive expansion of the resin or the blocking of touch buttons under the effect of excessive ambient temperature.
- any electrical element such as a control keyboard to be placed outside the encapsulation zone, that is to say in the dangerous zone at risk of explosions, entails the use of a Zener barrier. downstream of the transformer. This component will limit the energy of the external electrical components to avoid creating sparks. This consists in particular of a fuse.
- the electronic card is secured by means of fuse-type members which prevent any improper connection or any starting of the engine in the event that the conditions required and necessary for the proper functioning of the engine are not met.
- fuse-type members which prevent any improper connection or any starting of the engine in the event that the conditions required and necessary for the proper functioning of the engine are not met.
- elements of the fuse type being embedded in the resin, when they are triggered, the control device becomes unusable because there is no possibility of resetting.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a control device of a new type, the design of which makes it possible to limit the overall size of the assembly, to eliminate all types of components which are sources of failure under the most severe conditions such as transformers or flexible membrane keypads, which today have a certain number of drawbacks and have efficient management of electrical safety, no longer requiring the incorporation of irreversible elements, such as fuses or varistor, in the insulating material.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a control device incorporating permanent intelligent monitoring by means of a microcontroller capable of prohibiting the starting of the motor in the event of a minimum or maximum fault voltage likely to cause destruction. of the electric motor.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a reliable control device by rationalizing the electrical connections by eliminating the strips on the electronic card.
- An other object of the invention to provide a capable of withstanding temperatures controller elevated to 50 ° C under normal conditions of use with a degree of relative humidity higher than 95%.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a control device whose design allows safe operation in an explosive atmosphere of gas type "G” mainly using the protection mode "m” encapsulation considered to be the simplest. and the most economical, in particular due to the possible use of a standard plastic case, in combination with the "i" mode of intrinsic safety if necessary for components external to the encapsulated area.
- the complete encapsulation of the electrical parts allows use in dust-type environments "D" (Dust) much more restrictive and imposing a protection index at least equal to IP 65.
- Another object of the invention is to standardize a single motor control whatever the asynchronous motor used of standard or EX type.
- the subject of the invention is an electronic control device for a motor, preferably asynchronous, single-phase or three-phase, comprising at least one electronic card and a relay for controlling the power supply to the motor, the electronic card comprising at least one microcontroller analyzing the electrical parameters of the sector, such as frequency and voltage, to ensure that they are compatible with correct operation of the motor, in order to control the relay positioned on the motor supply network, card and relay being preferably housed inside a box, characterized in that the relay is a static relay and in that the electronic card further comprises:
- At least one switching device for starting and / or stopping the device controllable by means of a control member, itself controlled by a displacement control, preferably manual.
- the assembly of the electronic card and the static relay is embedded in a block of insulating material, such as a resin.
- the assembly of the electronic card and the static relay is housed in an envelope of type "d", such as an aluminum envelope constituted in particular by the motor terminal box .
- the switching member or members consist of flexible-blade switches which can be controlled preferably by magnets.
- FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a control device according to the invention in the exploded position of the elements constituting it and
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a control device according to the invention.
- the device, object of the invention has the function of allowing electronic control of a motor, preferably asynchronous, single-phase or three-phase, intended in particular to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
- This device is preferably housed inside a box 1, preferably made of insulating plastic, antistatic and generally comprises an electronic card 2 and a static relay 3 to control the supply of the motor and authorize or not the latter depending on the characteristics of the sector.
- the electronic card 2 comprises a capacitive impedance 4, switches 5 with a blade controllable by means of magnets 6 and push-buttons 12 and a microcontroller 7.
- the control device is powered at from the motor supply network, it is connected to the phase wire itself connected to the mains.
- the voltage of this network can vary from 70 to 260 volts single phase with the risk of connection in 400 volts three phase for a frequency of 50 or 60 Hertz.
- the solution chosen is made up of a capacitive impedance 4.
- This capacitive impedance 4 consists of two capacitors, preferably plastic, in series.
- This capacitive impedance 4 is, for example in the case of a supply of a single-phase motor, consisting of two capacitors in series with a capacity of 1 ⁇ F of type X2 275 VAC with dimensions equal to 23 x 20 x 9 mm which allow operation without overheating, including at high voltages of the order of 260 volts.
- This capacitive impedance is connected in the case of a single-phase motor to the phase wire of the motor and thus makes it possible to lower the supply voltage of the device to a value less than 25 volts.
- a diode rectifier bridge which delimits a rectified voltage to a precise value of 5 volts.
- Other capacitors can be positioned on the circuit downstream of this bridge to ensure smoothing of the current and short-circuit any residual AC voltage. The objective is therefore to obtain, by means of this plurality of components, a direct voltage of a value of the order of a few volts, this voltage being used in particular for supplying a microcontroller 7 of the PIC 16C620 type. .
- This microcontroller 7 also carried by the electronic card 2, analyzes the electrical parameters of the sector such as frequency and voltage to ensure that they are compatible with correct operation of the motor in order to control the static relay 3 positioned on the network d motor power, in particular on the motor phase wire.
- This static relay 3 has the function of authorizing or not the passage of the current used to supply the motor as a function of the characteristics of the current supplied by the sector.
- the microcontroller 7 also has the function, in certain cases, of determining the operating time of the engine.
- the ' microcontroller 7 has above all a preponderant role in the functions of monitoring the electrical quantities input on the electronic card. Indeed, it exercises permanent control of the power supply parameters so as not to authorize the control of the static relay or trigger the electrical safety devices upstream of the installation.
- the purpose of monitoring is to adjust the voltage threshold parameters to secure the motor within the fixed limits (fault detection and restitution of information, relay timing, etc.) or other intelligent logic functions
- an analog or comparator type input from the microcontroller is used to analyze the parameters necessary for monitoring.
- Frequency monitoring makes it possible to identify the line voltage (indirectly by measuring the lowered voltages) and to control the minimum voltages and maximum threshold at which the microcontroller will give the order to prohibit starting the engine.
- the device is switched on and off by switches 5 with flexible blades which can be controlled by push-buttons 12 and magnets 6.
- the push-buttons 12 could be replaced by any other control to displacement, preferably manual, the push-button solution remaining a preferred solution for the targeted applications.
- the whole of the electronic card 2 and the static relay 3 is encapsulated, that is to say embedded in a block 8 of insulating material, such as a resin.
- the small size of the capacitive impedance 4 and the arrangement of the static relay 3 with respect to the electronic card make it possible to obtain an assembly of small size limiting the amount of insulating material to be used.
- the definition of encapsulation is a method of applying a compound of the Epoxy or Polyurethane resin type to enclose one or more electrical device (s) by suitable means such as coating or potting.
- the coating is a process for completely coating an electrical device (s) consisting in pouring a compound onto it, and removing the enclosed device from the mold after the compound has solidified.
- Potting is a coating process in which the mold remains attached to the enclosed electrical device (s).
- the encapsulation process used is therefore a potting process in which, after the pouring of the insulating material, the mold remains attached to the enclosed electrical device.
- the device comprises at least two flexible blade switches 5 carried respectively by cradles 11 so as to be close to the surface of the block 8 of insulating material in order to authorize their control and ensure remote switching from a distance or proximity without electrical contact such as by magnets 6.
- An equivalent version would have consisted in removing the insulating material and in housing the assembly in a envelope of type "d".
- the static relay 3 comprises at least one thyristor 3A, preferably two thyristors positioned head to tail, welded to a plate 10 of conductive material, such as aluminum, serving as a heat sink adapted to the case of use and customized to ensure sufficient heat exchange in the smallest possible space to prevent overheating.
- the support plate 10 has a "U" shape for a thickness of 1.5 mm in order to offer the greatest dissipation surface.
- the assembly is thus housed in a box 1 which comprises: - a bottom 1A containing the block 8 of insulating material in which the electronic card 2 is embedded the static relay 3 and its heat sink - and a cover 1B intended to be fixed to the bottom 1A by snap-in without using a tool.
- the thyristor (s) on a plate 10 of conductive material makes it possible to first position this plate at the bottom of the housing and then to superimpose on this plate the electronic card comprising all of the other elements mentioned above which will then be bonded by welding. Once the assembly in position, it can then proceed to the pouring of the insulating material inside the housing in order to encapsulate the various elements.
- the encapsulated part of electrical equipment or the encapsulated Ex component includes a protective envelope made of insulating material (potting), it is not required to be thick minimum layer between the protective envelope and any component or conductor if the thickness of the envelope is at least 1 mm. Therefore, the optimization of the volume of resin was increased by a thickness of the casing of the housing of at least 1 mm. Thus, the heat sink is placed directly in contact with the bottom of the housing.
- magnets 6 cooperating with switches 5 with a flexible blade.
- These magnets 6 are each carried by a push button 12 loaded by spring 14 and incorporated in the cover 1B of the housing 1.
- One of the push buttons 12 is used for commissioning the device while the other is used for the shutdown of the device.
- These flexible blade switches more particularly authorize the operation of the microcontroller 7.
- the electronic card is directly supplied by the motor supply network.
- the assembly is positioned on the phase wire of the motor in the case of a single-phase motor.
- the control device can be supplied from the motor supply network after lowering the supply voltage by means of the capacitive impedance.
- This capacitive impedance makes it possible to receive voltages which can vary over a wide range, in particular from 70 to 260 volts with frequency values which can vary between 50 and 60 Hertz.
- the microcontroller 7 analyzes the electrical parameters of the lowered voltage and the frequency and defines by extrapolation the values of the input voltage so as not to authorize the control of the static relay when this voltage is outside a predetermined range to prevent damage to the motor.
- the static relay is also positioned on the phase wire of the motor in accordance the obligation of electrical safety standards indicating the interruption of all phases.
- the bottom 1A of the housing has a chamber for the supply of cables from the sector and the departure for cables from the motor separated from the block 8 of insulating material by a partition 13.
- This partition in the vicinity of its upper edge, a plurality of notches facilitating the wedging of the cables.
- This box is also fitted with cable glands through which cables connected to the mains and those to the motor are introduced.
- This mode implies in particular that the envelope is waterproof with a protection index at least equal to IP 54.
- the housing has, for this purpose, a channel around its periphery in order to be able to possibly receive a sealing means such as '' a flexible seal guaranteeing the required degree of protection.
- the electronic card 2 carries a two-color diode 15 projecting from the insulating block 8.
- This diode 15 is capped with a light guide 16 coupled to the cover 1B of the housing 1 so as to make visible, from outside the housing 1, the light signal emitted by the diode 15. Any failure can thus be viewed in time real and continuous.
- the control of the static relay in real time and continuously prevents any passage of the current towards the motor when the current does not meet the characteristics allowing satisfactory operation of the motor.
- the bottom 1A of this housing 1 can be provided with elastically deformable tabs 9 cooperating with the support.
- the operation of such a control device is very simple. Once the connection has been made, on the one hand to the motor, and on the other hand to the sector, the device can be started by simply pressing the push button corresponding to the commissioning of the device. This actuation of the push button allows the magnet fitted to a push button to attract a strip fitted to a switch 5 with a flexible blade, such as a REED bulb so as to close the contact.
- the microcontroller 7 can then be supplied with low value direct current via a rectifier bridge ensuring the regulation of 5 volts downstream of the capacitive impedance and analyzing the ' electrical parameters of the sector.
- this microcontroller 7 controls the static relay 3 and authorizes the latter to let the current flow towards the motor.
- the motor can then operate for a generally predetermined duration corresponding to that programmed in the microcontroller 7. After the predetermined period of time has elapsed, the motor is automatically stopped. In the event of an emergency stop, the other push button can be actuated in order to stop the engine.
- each phase wire of the motor is fitted with a static relay 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
- Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Safety Devices In Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0211475A FR2844650B1 (en) | 2002-09-16 | 2002-09-16 | ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICE FOR MOTOR |
FR0211475 | 2002-09-16 | ||
PCT/FR2003/002723 WO2004025818A1 (en) | 2002-09-16 | 2003-09-16 | Electronic control device for motor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1540805A1 true EP1540805A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
Family
ID=31897425
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03775439A Withdrawn EP1540805A1 (en) | 2002-09-16 | 2003-09-16 | Electronic control device for motor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1540805A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005539472A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1682426B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003283470B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2844650B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004025818A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4921951B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2012-04-25 | 北越工業株式会社 | Drive control method and drive control apparatus for multi-voltage specification motor driven compressor |
WO2020107128A1 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Ats Automation Tooling Systems Inc. | System and method for electric motor control in a manufacturing environment |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE515020C2 (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 2001-05-28 | Hans Andersson | phase sequence sensor |
JP2001061277A (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-03-06 | Sony Corp | Power unit |
DE20007236U1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2000-07-06 | Cheng Chuan Hsin | Protection device for temperature return of a hot air dryer |
-
2002
- 2002-09-16 FR FR0211475A patent/FR2844650B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-09-16 CN CN03821949.2A patent/CN1682426B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-16 JP JP2004535612A patent/JP2005539472A/en active Pending
- 2003-09-16 EP EP03775439A patent/EP1540805A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-09-16 AU AU2003283470A patent/AU2003283470B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-16 WO PCT/FR2003/002723 patent/WO2004025818A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2004025818A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2844650B1 (en) | 2004-12-24 |
AU2003283470B2 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
FR2844650A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
WO2004025818A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
CN1682426A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
CN1682426B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
AU2003283470A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 |
JP2005539472A (en) | 2005-12-22 |
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