EP3437115B1 - Hybridisation system for high voltage direct current - Google Patents

Hybridisation system for high voltage direct current Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3437115B1
EP3437115B1 EP18728688.5A EP18728688A EP3437115B1 EP 3437115 B1 EP3437115 B1 EP 3437115B1 EP 18728688 A EP18728688 A EP 18728688A EP 3437115 B1 EP3437115 B1 EP 3437115B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
terminals
electric
circuit
closed state
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EP18728688.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3437115A1 (en
Inventor
Eric GUILLARD
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Leach International Europe SAS
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Leach International Europe SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/38—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/546—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being triggered by the voltage over the mechanical switch contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic hybridization system capable of operating a contactor, a fuse or a circuit breaker in high-voltage direct current.
  • the invention has applications in the field of electrical distribution and more particularly in the field of onboard electrical distribution.
  • Hybrid contactors are contactors using two simultaneous switching technologies, one based on electromechanical switching and the other based on electronic switching using semiconductors. Each of these technologies has advantages and disadvantages.
  • the electromechanical switching allows a low voltage drop across the contactor and a good galvanic isolation.
  • electric arcs are created when the contactor opens and closes, causing erosion of the contacts.
  • the electronic switching is, in turn, arc-free but does not offer the advantages of electromechanical technology in terms of voltage drop and galvanic isolation.
  • hybridization makes it possible to improve the lifetime of the contacts of the electromechanical contactor and possibly the response time of the contactor on opening and closing.
  • the hybridization consists in using one or more power transistors in parallel or in series with the contactor electromechanical.
  • the power transistor is then controlled to assist the electromechanical contactor on opening and closing and to suppress arcing.
  • the energy used for this command comes from an external auxiliary source.
  • Such a hybrid contactor is for example described in the patent application US 2014/0175060 (Reymond et al. ).
  • DC high-voltage fuses use the arcing voltage in order to cut the circuit current in the event of a fault, these fuses have the disadvantage of being cumbersome since the arc voltage is obtained by a distance of fusible material more important that imposes forms of fuses long enough.
  • circuit breaker is formed by high-voltage DC circuit breakers.
  • High-voltage DC circuit breakers are typically realized by means of transistor circuits with current measurement and trip logic when the overload mask is exceeded.
  • hybridization also brings a number of disadvantages.
  • the first is the complexity of switching systems.
  • the second disadvantage is the need to have an auxiliary power source specific to the electronic part. This affects the reliability and increases the maintenance costs since it is necessary to regularly check the load of the auxiliary power supply.
  • the document US2012 / 0007657 describes a hybrid interrupt system whose electronic part is fed by a charging capacity during the formation time of the arc created at the opening of the mechanical switch.
  • the document DE 20 2009 004198 U1 describes a similar hybrid interrupt system.
  • the electronic system described is relatively complex and adapted specifically to the environment of photovoltaic panels.
  • the hybridization system further comprises a power supply for the timed switch, the power supply being connected to the two conductors and being adapted so that the energy comes solely from the electric energy supplied by the electric arc, the power supply comprising a rectifier module connected in input to the two conductors and having an output connected to a ballast, itself connected via a diode to an energy store having two terminals connected to the timer switch.
  • the conductive element of the protection circuit is a fuse.
  • a circuit breaker adapted to operate in high voltage direct current comprises a conductive circuit connected between a first terminal and a second terminal, the conducting circuit being able to go from a closed state to an open state when the current flowing in the conductive circuit exceeds a predetermined overload mask. It further comprises a hybridization system according to one of the above embodiments connected between the first terminal and the second terminal.
  • hybrid contactor we will use as a main example a hybrid contactor. Then we will show the application of the hybridization system to a fuse and a circuit breaker.
  • the standard is for example 270V for avionics avionics systems.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a hybrid contactor according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the hybrid contactor, referenced 1 is connected in series with a DC high voltage power source 2 and a load 3.
  • the hybrid contactor 1 further comprises a hybridization system 5 comprising an electronic switch 12 connected between the terminal A of the electromechanical contactor and the terminal B.
  • the electronic switch 12 is controlled by a control circuit 15 powered by an electronic power supply 11 .
  • This electronic power supply is connected directly to terminals A and B of the electromechanical contactor so as to receive the electric arc voltage and to store this energy.
  • the hybridization system 5 further comprises a first protection circuit 14, dissipative type, to protect the electronic switch 12 against overvoltages at the time of opening of the time switch.
  • This first protection circuit is connected in parallel with the electronic switch 12.
  • This first protection circuit 14 is for example a transient voltage suppression diode.
  • the hybridization system 5 furthermore comprises a second protection circuit 13 connected in series with the electronic switch 12 between the terminal A and the terminal B, making it possible to open the hybrid contactor in the event of failure of the electronic switch 12 when the latter remains locked in the closed state.
  • the protection circuit 13 opens and remains open.
  • the protection circuit 13 is for example a fuse.
  • the control of the electronic switch 12 is illustrated by the time diagram of the figure 2 .
  • the control of the electronic switch is locked with respect to that of the electromechanical contactor 10 also illustrated by a time diagram on the figure 2 .
  • the electromechanical contactor 10 goes from the closed state to the open state at a time referenced t0
  • the electronic switch 12 is controlled to, at the end of a predetermined time d1 after the instant t0, connect electrically terminal A to terminal B for a predetermined duration d2.
  • the electronic switch is in a closed state for the duration d2. It goes back to the open state at the end of the duration d2.
  • This hybrid contactor allows to allow the presence of arcing between the contacts A and B of the electromechanical contactor 10 for a limited time to maintain their contact cleaning function without damaging them.
  • the control of the mobile pallet is carried out by an electromagnet D.
  • the hybridization system 4 has a first connector t connected to the mobile pallet for a potential recovery and a second connector connected to one of the fixed contacts CO1 or CO2 as an illustration of a connection variant having a galvanic isolation without adding additional serial contact.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D show the presence or absence of an electric arc at the contacts of the electromechanical contactor 10.
  • the electromechanical contactor 10 Before the moment t0 ( Figure 4A ), the electromechanical contactor 10 is in the closed state (conducting state) and the moving contacts CO3 and CO4 are respectively in contact with the fixed contacts C01 and CO2.
  • the electronic switch 12 is in the open state (non-conductive state).
  • the electromechanical contactor 10 is opened (transition from the closed state to the open state). Electrical arcs then appear between, on the one hand, the CO1 contact and the CO3 contact and, on the other hand, between the CO2 contact and the CO4 contact. These arcs are visible on the Figure 4B .
  • the electronic switch 12 goes to the closed state (on state).
  • the moving contact CO4 and the fixed contact C02 are then shunted by the electronic switch 12.
  • the electric arc between the fixed contact CO1 and the moving contact CO3 then goes off as illustrated in FIG. figure 4C .
  • the electronic switch 12 is kept in the closed state (on state) for a duration d2 of between 1 ⁇ s and 10 ms.
  • the CO3 mobile contact is no longer powered by the electric arc between the fixed contact CO1 and the mobile contact CO3.
  • the electronic switch 12 then passes, at the end of the duration d2, in the open state.
  • the electric arc between the movable contact C04 and the fixed contact C04 turns off automatically. This transition to the open state is illustrated by the figure 4D .
  • This control of the electronic switch 12 makes it possible to allow electric arcs in the electromechanical contactor 10 for the duration d1 and then to cut them one after the other, during the duration d2.
  • the autonomous electronic power supply 11 will now be described in more detail with reference to the figure 5 .
  • the autonomous power supply is therefore connected to terminals A and B of the electromechanical contactor 10.
  • This connection is for example provided by flexible conductors having a very small section with respect to the section of the conductors of the main circuit.
  • a rectifier module 111 is directly connected to the connectors of terminals A and B. It is composed of diodes used to rectify the current passing through terminals A and B and thus to overcome the direction of the current between terminals A and B.
  • the output of the rectifier module 111 is connected to a ballast 112 whose purpose is to stabilize the power supply.
  • the output of the ballast 112 is connected to a capacitor 113 which stores the energy.
  • a diode 114 located between the ballast 112 and the capacitor 113 makes it possible to avoid the discharge of the capacitance via the ballast 112.
  • the capacitor 113 is then connected to the sequencing logic 15 to power it, so that it can control the electronic switch 12.
  • control circuit 15 does not require an external power supply device. It is powered by the energy coming from the electric arcs present at the opening of the electromechanical contactor 10.
  • the autonomous power supply 11 is not energized as the electromechanical contactor 10 is in the closed position because the terminals A and B are almost at the same potential.
  • the electromechanical contactor 10 is open and an electric arc is established by the potential difference existing between the terminals A and B. This electric arc energy then serves to charge the capacitor 113 during the first instants of d 1 .
  • the control circuit 15 is then powered and can close the electronic switch 12 at the end of d 1 and for the period d 2 .
  • the hybridization module 5 further comprises a monitoring circuit 40 for transmitting to an external system a calibrated slice of good health.
  • the monitoring circuit 40 is powered by the power supply 11 and detects the electric arc voltage at the terminals A and B thanks to the circuit 41.
  • the circuit 42 detects the arc voltage duration and if this duration is less than or equal to the duration d1 + d2, the circuit 42 allows the circuit 43 to generate a calibrated slot for external supervision.
  • the hybridization system 5 thus gives the contactor high voltage contactor properties.
  • the contact material of the electromechanical contactor is preserved by limiting the duration of the electric arcs, which makes it possible to obtain a high number of opening / closing cycles.
  • the electromagnetic disturbances generated by the electric arcs are advantageously reduced.
  • the size and weight of the hybrid contactor is reduced compared to the state of the art and without the need to use an auxiliary power source.
  • the contactor is advantageously insensitive to the indirect effects of lightning and electromagnetic compatibility.
  • Hybridization system 5 can also be used with a fuse or circuit breaker.
  • figure 7 the hybridization system 5 is connected to the terminals A and B of a low-voltage fuse 20.
  • an electric arc is created after the so-called pre-arc duration.
  • the power supply module stores energy thanks to the back electromotive voltage of the electric arc.
  • the fuse 20 is then short-circuited for the duration d2 so as to suppress the electric arc.
  • the electric arc then turns off automatically because it is no longer crossed by an electric current.
  • the durations d1 and d2 are advantageously determined to adjust the melting time of the fuse.
  • This structure therefore makes it possible to widen the range of use of the fuse for high voltage by adjusting the fusing time of the fuse.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8D show the presence or absence of an electric arc at the low-voltage fuse 20.
  • the fuse blows due to a short circuit or overload in the electrical circuit.
  • the electronic switch 12 goes to the closed state.
  • the fuse is then short-circuited by the electronic switch 12.
  • the electric arc present at the terminals of the fuse then goes off as illustrated in FIG. Figure 8C .
  • the electronic switch 12 is kept in the closed state for a duration d2 of between 1 ⁇ s and 10 ms. Then, at the end of this period d2, the electronic switch goes to the open state, figure 8D .
  • the use of the hybridization system with a low voltage fuse thus gives the fuse high voltage fuse properties while reducing the bulk compared to a conventional high voltage fuse equivalent. It also advantageously reduces the melting time of the fuse.
  • the hybridization system 5 is used with a low voltage electromechanical circuit breaker 30.
  • This assembly advantageously allows to give the circuit breaker high voltage circuit breaker properties while reducing the size of such a high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • the electronic switch 12 may consist of different elements, figure 10 .
  • FIG 10A shows a switch consisting of two MOSFET transistors in series whose intrinsic body diode ensures bidirectionality of the current.
  • the figure 10B shows a switch consisting of two insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) in series with an antiparallel diode to provide bidirectional current.
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • the Figure 10C shows a switch consisting of a MOSFET transistor with a diode bridge that provides the bidirectionality of the current and the figure 10D shows an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a diode bridge providing bidirectional current.
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention se rapporte à un système d'hybridation électronique apte à faire fonctionner un contacteur, un fusible ou un disjoncteur en haute tension à courant continu.The present invention relates to an electronic hybridization system capable of operating a contactor, a fuse or a circuit breaker in high-voltage direct current.

L'invention trouve des applications dans le domaine de la distribution électrique et plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la distribution électrique embarquée.The invention has applications in the field of electrical distribution and more particularly in the field of onboard electrical distribution.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Les contacteurs hybrides sont des contacteurs utilisant deux technologies de commutation simultanées, l'une basée sur la commutation électromécanique et l'autre basée sur la commutation électronique utilisant des semi-conducteurs. Chacune de ces technologies présente des avantages et des inconvénients.Hybrid contactors are contactors using two simultaneous switching technologies, one based on electromechanical switching and the other based on electronic switching using semiconductors. Each of these technologies has advantages and disadvantages.

La commutation électromécanique permet d'avoir une faible chute de tension aux bornes du contacteur et une bonne isolation galvanique. En revanche, des arcs électriques se créent à l'ouverture et la fermeture du contacteur entrainant une érosion des contacts. La commutation électronique est, quant à elle, exempte d'arc électrique mais n'offre pas les avantages de la technologie électromécanique en termes de chute de tension et d'isolation galvanique.The electromechanical switching allows a low voltage drop across the contactor and a good galvanic isolation. On the other hand, electric arcs are created when the contactor opens and closes, causing erosion of the contacts. The electronic switching is, in turn, arc-free but does not offer the advantages of electromechanical technology in terms of voltage drop and galvanic isolation.

La combinaison de ces deux technologies, appelée hybridation, permet d'améliorer la durée de vie des contacts du contacteur électromécanique et éventuellement le temps de réponse du contacteur à l'ouverture et la fermeture.The combination of these two technologies, called hybridization, makes it possible to improve the lifetime of the contacts of the electromechanical contactor and possibly the response time of the contactor on opening and closing.

Classiquement, l'hybridation consiste à utiliser un ou plusieurs transistors de puissance en parallèle ou en série avec le contacteur électromécanique. Le transistor de puissance est alors commandé pour assister le contacteur électromécanique à l'ouverture et à la fermeture et supprimer les arcs électriques. L'énergie utilisée pour cette commande provient d'une source auxiliaire externe.Conventionally, the hybridization consists in using one or more power transistors in parallel or in series with the contactor electromechanical. The power transistor is then controlled to assist the electromechanical contactor on opening and closing and to suppress arcing. The energy used for this command comes from an external auxiliary source.

Un tel contacteur hybride est par exemple décrit dans la demande de brevet US 2014/0175060 (Reymond et al. ).Such a hybrid contactor is for example described in the patent application US 2014/0175060 (Reymond et al. ).

Une autre forme de coupe-circuit pour courant continu haute-tension est constituée par les fusibles.Another form of high voltage direct current circuit breaker is the fuses.

Les fusibles haute tension à courant continu utilisent la tension d'arc électrique afin de couper le courant du circuit en cas de défaut, ces fusibles ont comme inconvénient d'être encombrant puisque la tension d'arc est obtenue par une distance de matériau fusible plus importante qui impose des formes de fusibles assez long.DC high-voltage fuses use the arcing voltage in order to cut the circuit current in the event of a fault, these fuses have the disadvantage of being cumbersome since the arc voltage is obtained by a distance of fusible material more important that imposes forms of fuses long enough.

Enfin une troisième sorte de coupe-circuit est constituée par les disjoncteurs haute tension à courant continu.Finally, a third kind of circuit breaker is formed by high-voltage DC circuit breakers.

Les disjoncteurs haute tension à courant continu sont généralement réalisés au moyen de circuits à transistors avec une mesure de courant et une logique de disjonction lorsque le gabarit de surcharge est dépassé.High-voltage DC circuit breakers are typically realized by means of transistor circuits with current measurement and trip logic when the overload mask is exceeded.

Quel que soit le type de coupe-circuit, il apparaît nécessaire de contrôler au mieux l'arc électrique généré lors d'une coupure. Et donc, comme pour le contacteur, il apparaît souhaitable d'utiliser des techniques d'hybridation combinant la commutation électromécanique et la commutation électronique pour bénéficier des avantages de chaque type de commutation.Whatever the type of circuit breaker, it appears necessary to better control the electric arc generated during a break. And so, as for the contactor, it appears desirable to use hybridization techniques combining electromechanical switching and electronic switching to benefit from the advantages of each type of switching.

Cependant, l'hybridation apporte également un certain nombre d'inconvénients. Le premier en est la complexification des systèmes de commutation. Le deuxième inconvénient est la nécessité d'avoir une source d'alimentation auxiliaire propre à la partie électronique. Cela nuit à la fiabilité et augmente les coûts de maintenance puisqu'il faut vérifier régulièrement la charge de l'alimentation auxiliaire.However, hybridization also brings a number of disadvantages. The first is the complexity of switching systems. The second disadvantage is the need to have an auxiliary power source specific to the electronic part. This affects the reliability and increases the maintenance costs since it is necessary to regularly check the load of the auxiliary power supply.

Dans le cadre d'une alimentation en courant continu par un panneau photovoltaïque, le document US2012/0007657 décrit un système d'interruption hybride dont la partie électronique est alimentée par une capacité se chargeant pendant le temps de formation de l'arc créé à l'ouverture de l'interrupteur mécanique. Le document DE 20 2009 004198 U1 décrit un système d'interruption hybride similaire.In the context of a DC power supply by a photovoltaic panel, the document US2012 / 0007657 describes a hybrid interrupt system whose electronic part is fed by a charging capacity during the formation time of the arc created at the opening of the mechanical switch. The document DE 20 2009 004198 U1 describes a similar hybrid interrupt system.

Cependant, le système électronique décrit est relativement complexe et adapté spécifiquement à l'environnement de panneaux photovoltaïques.However, the electronic system described is relatively complex and adapted specifically to the environment of photovoltaic panels.

Description de l'inventionDescription of the invention

Il existe donc un réel besoin pour un système d'hybridation palliant ces défauts, inconvénients et obstacles de l'art antérieur, en particulier d'un système d'hybridation versatible et adapté à de nombreuses utilisations, en particulier qui soit indépendant du sens du courant continu.There is therefore a real need for a hybridization system that overcomes these defects, disadvantages and obstacles of the prior art, in particular a hybridization system that is suitable for a wide variety of uses, in particular that is independent of the direction of the hybridization. DC current.

Pour résoudre un ou plusieurs des inconvénients cités précédemment, un système d'hybridation pour dispositif électrique, le dispositif électrique ayant deux bornes et deux états, un état fermé permettant à un courant électrique de circuler entre les deux bornes et un état ouvert bloquant la circulation du courant électrique entre les bornes, le dispositif étant adapté pour qu'un arc électrique soit généré lors du passage de l'état fermé à l'état ouvert, comprend :

  • deux conducteurs adaptés pour être connectés aux deux bornes du dispositif électrique ;
  • un interrupteur temporisé ayant deux bornes connectées aux deux conducteurs et ledit interrupteur temporisé étant adapté pour être par défaut en mode ouvert et, après une première durée prédéterminée d1 suivant le déclenchement de l'arc électrique, se mettre en mode fermé pendant une seconde durée prédéterminée d2.
To solve one or more of the aforementioned drawbacks, a hybridization system for an electrical device, the electrical device having two terminals and two states, a closed state allowing an electric current to flow between the two terminals and an open state blocking the circulation electrical current between the terminals, the device being adapted so that an electric arc is generated during the transition from the closed state to the open state, comprises:
  • two conductors adapted to be connected to the two terminals of the electrical device;
  • a timed switch having two terminals connected to the two conductors and said delayed switch being adapted to be in open mode by default and, after a first predetermined duration d1 following the tripping of the electric arc, to go into closed mode for a second predetermined duration d2.

Le système d'hybridation comprend en outre une alimentation électrique de l'interrupteur temporisé, l'alimentation électrique étant connectée aux deux conducteurs et étant adaptée pour que l'énergie provienne uniquement de l'énergie électrique fournie par l'arc électrique, l'alimentation électrique comprenant un module redresseur connecté en entrée aux deux conducteurs et ayant une sortie connectée à un ballast, lui-même connecté via une diode à un accumulateur d'énergie ayant deux bornes connectées à l'interrupteur temporisé.The hybridization system further comprises a power supply for the timed switch, the power supply being connected to the two conductors and being adapted so that the energy comes solely from the electric energy supplied by the electric arc, the power supply comprising a rectifier module connected in input to the two conductors and having an output connected to a ballast, itself connected via a diode to an energy store having two terminals connected to the timer switch.

Cela permet de façon particulièrement avantageuse de n'avoir plus besoin d'alimentation auxiliaire pour alimenter l'interrupteur électronique.This makes it particularly advantageous to no longer need an auxiliary power supply to power the electronic switch.

Des caractéristiques ou des modes de réalisation particuliers, utilisables seuls ou en combinaison, sont :

  • l'interrupteur temporisé comprend un interrupteur électronique à semi-conducteur connecté aux deux bornes de l'interrupteur temporisé, et un circuit de commande dudit interrupteur électronique à semi-conducteur alimenté par ladite alimentation électrique ;
  • le système comprend en outre un circuit dissipatif connecté en parallèle aux bornes dudit interrupteur temporisé ; et/ou
  • le système comprend en outre un circuit de monitoring alimenté par l'alimentation électrique et adapté pour détecter la tension d'arc électrique aux bornes et la durée de tension d'arc électrique et pour générer un signal de bon fonctionnement ou d'anomalie destiné à une supervision extérieure.
Particular characteristics or embodiments that can be used alone or in combination are:
  • the timer switch comprises a semiconductor electronic switch connected to both terminals of the time delay switch, and a control circuit of said semiconductor electronic switch powered by said power supply;
  • the system further comprises a dissipative circuit connected in parallel across said timed switch; and or
  • the system further comprises a monitoring circuit powered by the power supply and adapted to detect the electric arc voltage at the terminals and the duration of the electric arc voltage and to generate a signal of good operation or anomaly intended to external supervision.

Dans un deuxième aspect de l'invention, un contacteur hybride apte à fonctionner en courant continu haute tension comprend :

  • un module de contacteur électromécanique connecté entre une première borne et une deuxième borne, ledit module de contacteur électromécanique comprenant au moins deux contacts fixes et au moins deux contacts mobiles, chacun des deux contacts mobiles étant apte à venir en contact avec un contact fixe propre entre ladite première borne et une borne intermédiaire distincte desdites première et deuxième bornes, lequel module de contacteur électromécanique est apte à être sélectivement dans un état fermé ou un état ouvert. Il comprend en outre un système d'hybridation selon l'un des modes de réalisation ci-dessus connecté entre la deuxième borne et la borne intermédiaire.
In a second aspect of the invention, a hybrid contactor adapted to operate in high voltage direct current comprises:
  • an electromechanical contactor module connected between a first terminal and a second terminal, said electromechanical contactor module comprising at least two fixed contacts and at least two movable contacts, each of the two movable contacts being able to come into contact with a clean fixed contact between said first terminal and a separate intermediate terminal of said first and second terminals, which electromechanical contactor module is adapted to be selectively in a closed state or an open state. It further comprises a hybridization system according to one of the above embodiments connected between the second terminal and the intermediate terminal.

Dans un troisième aspect de l'invention, un système de protection électrique apte à fonctionner en courant continu haute tension comprend un élément conducteur connecté entre une première borne et une deuxième borne, ledit élément conducteur étant apte à passer d'un état fermé à un état ouvert lorsque l'intensité de courant passant dans ledit élément conducteur dépasse une valeur prédéterminée. Il comprend en outre un système d'hybridation selon l'un des modes de réalisation ci-dessus connecté entre la première borne et la deuxième borne.In a third aspect of the invention, an electrical protection system capable of operating in high-voltage direct current comprises a conductive element connected between a first terminal and a second terminal, said conductive element being able to pass from a closed state to a state when the current flowing in said conductive element exceeds a predetermined value. It further comprises a hybridization system according to one of the above embodiments connected between the first terminal and the second terminal.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, l'élément conducteur du circuit de protection est un fusible.In a particular embodiment, the conductive element of the protection circuit is a fuse.

Dans un quatrième aspect de l'invention, un disjoncteur apte à fonctionner en courant continu haute tension comprend un circuit conducteur connecté entre une première borne et une deuxième borne, le circuit conducteur étant apte à passer d'un état fermé à un état ouvert lorsque l'intensité de courant passant dans le circuit conducteur dépasse un gabarit de surcharge prédéterminé. Il comprend en outre un système d'hybridation selon l'un des modes de réalisation ci-dessus connecté entre la première borne et la deuxième borne.In a fourth aspect of the invention, a circuit breaker adapted to operate in high voltage direct current comprises a conductive circuit connected between a first terminal and a second terminal, the conducting circuit being able to go from a closed state to an open state when the current flowing in the conductive circuit exceeds a predetermined overload mask. It further comprises a hybridization system according to one of the above embodiments connected between the first terminal and the second terminal.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite uniquement à titre d'exemple, et en référence aux figures en annexe dans lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 représente le schéma d'un contacteur hybride selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • La figure 2 représente un diagramme temporel de l'état du contacteur électromécanique et de l'interrupteur électronique du contacteur hybride de la figure 1;
  • La figure 3 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un contacteur hybride ;
  • La figure 4 représente les différentes phases de fonctionnement du contacteur hybride de la figure 3 ;
  • La figure 5 représente une alimentation autonome selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • La figure 6 représente un système d'hybridation comportant un dispositif de monitoring selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • La figure 7 représente un fusible associé à un système d'hybridation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • La figure 8 représente les différentes phases de fonctionnement du fusible de la figure 7 ;
  • La figure 9 représente un disjoncteur associé à un système d'hybridation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • La figure 10 représente différents modes de réalisation de l'interrupteur électronique.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the appended figures in which:
  • The figure 1 represents the diagram of a hybrid contactor according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • The figure 2 represents a time diagram of the state of the electromechanical contactor and the electronic switch of the hybrid contactor of the figure 1 ;
  • The figure 3 represents another embodiment of a hybrid contactor;
  • The figure 4 represents the different phases of operation of the hybrid contactor of the figure 3 ;
  • The figure 5 represents an autonomous power supply according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • The figure 6 represents a hybridization system comprising a monitoring device according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • The figure 7 represents a fuse associated with a hybridization system according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • The figure 8 represents the different phases of operation of the fuse of the figure 7 ;
  • The figure 9 represents a circuit breaker associated with a hybridization system according to one embodiment of the invention; and
  • The figure 10 represents different embodiments of the electronic switch.

Modes de réalisationModes of realization

Pour expliciter les modes de réalisation et le fonctionnement du système d'hybridation, nous utiliserons comme exemple principal un contacteur hybride. Puis nous montrerons l'application du système d'hybridation à un fusible et à un disjoncteur.To explain the embodiments and the operation of the hybridization system, we will use as a main example a hybrid contactor. Then we will show the application of the hybridization system to a fuse and a circuit breaker.

Par courant continu haute tension, il est entendu un courant électrique continu ayant une tension supérieure à 100V.By high-voltage direct current, it is understood a continuous electric current having a voltage greater than 100V.

Ainsi, la norme est par exemple de 270V pour les systèmes embarqués en avionique.Thus, the standard is for example 270V for avionics avionics systems.

La figure 1 illustre un premier mode de réalisation d'un contacteur hybride selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. Le contacteur hybride, référencé 1, est monté en série avec une source d'alimentation haute tension à courant continu 2 et une charge 3.The figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a hybrid contactor according to a first embodiment of the invention. The hybrid contactor, referenced 1, is connected in series with a DC high voltage power source 2 and a load 3.

Le contacteur hybride 1 comprend un contacteur électromécanique 10. Ce contacteur électromécanique est connecté entre deux bornes référencés A et B. La borne B est connectée à la masse. Le contacteur électromécanique 10 peut prendre deux états:

  • un état fermé dans lequel les bornes A et B sont connectées électriquement; et
  • un état ouvert dans lequel les bornes A et B sont isolées l'une par rapport à l'autre.
The hybrid contactor 1 comprises an electromechanical contactor 10. This electromechanical contactor is connected between two terminals referenced A and B. The terminal B is connected to ground. The electromechanical contactor 10 can take two states:
  • a closed state in which terminals A and B are electrically connected; and
  • an open state in which the terminals A and B are isolated from each other.

Le contacteur hybride 1 comprend en outre un système d'hybridation 5 comprenant un interrupteur électronique 12 connecté entre la borne A du contacteur électromécanique et la borne B. L'interrupteur électronique 12 est piloté par un circuit de commande 15 alimenté par une alimentation électronique 11.The hybrid contactor 1 further comprises a hybridization system 5 comprising an electronic switch 12 connected between the terminal A of the electromechanical contactor and the terminal B. The electronic switch 12 is controlled by a control circuit 15 powered by an electronic power supply 11 .

Cette alimentation électronique est connectée directement aux bornes A et B du contacteur électromécanique de façon à recevoir la tension d'arc électrique et de stocker cette énergie.This electronic power supply is connected directly to terminals A and B of the electromechanical contactor so as to receive the electric arc voltage and to store this energy.

Le système d'hybridation 5 comporte en outre un premier circuit de protection 14, de type dissipatif, pour protéger l'interrupteur électronique 12 contre les surtensions au moment de l'ouverture de l'interrupteur temporisé. Ce premier circuit de protection est monté en parallèle avec l'interrupteur électronique 12. Ce premier circuit de protection 14 est par exemple une diode de suppression de tension transitoire.The hybridization system 5 further comprises a first protection circuit 14, dissipative type, to protect the electronic switch 12 against overvoltages at the time of opening of the time switch. This first protection circuit is connected in parallel with the electronic switch 12. This first protection circuit 14 is for example a transient voltage suppression diode.

Le système d'hybridation 5 comporte en outre un deuxième circuit de protection 13 connecté en série avec l'interrupteur électronique 12 entre la borne A et la borne B, permettant d'ouvrir le contacteur hybride en cas de défaillance de l'interrupteur électronique 12 lorsque ce dernier reste bloqué à l'état fermé. Lorsque le contacteur électromécanique 10 passe à l'état ouvert et que l'interrupteur électronique 12 reste bloqué à l'état fermé, le circuit de protection 13 s'ouvre et reste ouvert. Le circuit de protection 13 est par exemple un fusible.The hybridization system 5 furthermore comprises a second protection circuit 13 connected in series with the electronic switch 12 between the terminal A and the terminal B, making it possible to open the hybrid contactor in the event of failure of the electronic switch 12 when the latter remains locked in the closed state. When the electromechanical contactor 10 goes to the open state and the electronic switch 12 remains locked in the closed state, the protection circuit 13 opens and remains open. The protection circuit 13 is for example a fuse.

La commande de l'interrupteur électronique 12 est illustrée par le diagramme temporel de la figure 2. La commande de l'interrupteur électronique est calée par rapport à celle du contacteur électromécanique 10 également illustrée par un diagramme temporel sur la figure 2. Lorsque le contacteur électromécanique 10 passe de l'état fermé à l'état ouvert à un instant référencé t0, l'interrupteur électronique 12 est commandé pour, au terme d'une durée prédéterminée d1 après l'instant t0, connecter électriquement la borne A à la borne B pendant une durée d2 prédéterminée. L'interrupteur électronique est dans un état fermé pendant la durée d2. Il repasse à l'état ouvert au terme de la durée d2.The control of the electronic switch 12 is illustrated by the time diagram of the figure 2 . The control of the electronic switch is locked with respect to that of the electromechanical contactor 10 also illustrated by a time diagram on the figure 2 . When the electromechanical contactor 10 goes from the closed state to the open state at a time referenced t0, the electronic switch 12 is controlled to, at the end of a predetermined time d1 after the instant t0, connect electrically terminal A to terminal B for a predetermined duration d2. The electronic switch is in a closed state for the duration d2. It goes back to the open state at the end of the duration d2.

Ce contacteur hybride permet d'autoriser la présence d'arcs électriques au niveau entre les contacts A et B du contacteur électromécanique 10 pendant une durée limitée pour conserver leur fonction de nettoyage des contacts sans détériorer ces derniers.This hybrid contactor allows to allow the presence of arcing between the contacts A and B of the electromechanical contactor 10 for a limited time to maintain their contact cleaning function without damaging them.

Dans un exemple particulier, figure 3, le contacteur hybride 1 comprend un contacteur électromécanique 10 à palette mobile avec un isolement compatible avec la haute tension. Ce contacteur électromécanique, également appelé contacteur à double établissement, est connecté entre les deux bornes référencés A et B. La borne B est connectée à la masse. Le contacteur électromécanique 10 comporte deux contacts fixes CO1 et CO2, et deux contacts mobiles CO3 et CO4 montés sur la palette mobile C3 en matériau conducteur. Les contacts mobiles CO3 et CO4 sont en permanence connectés entre eux via la palette mobile. Le contacteur électromécanique 10 peut prendre deux états:

  • un état fermé dans lequel les contacts mobiles CO3 et CO4 de la palette mobile sont respectivement en contact avec les contacts fixes CO1 et CO2 de manière à connecter électriquement entre eux les deux contacts fixes CO1 et CO2; et
  • un état ouvert dans lequel les contacts mobiles CO3 et CO4 de la palette mobile sont à distance des contacts fixes CO1 et CO2.
In a particular example, figure 3 , the hybrid contactor 1 comprises an electromechanical contactor 10 movable pallet with insulation compatible with the high voltage. This electromechanical contactor, also called a dual-establishment switch, is connected between the two terminals labeled A and B. Terminal B is connected to ground. The electromechanical contactor 10 comprises two fixed contacts CO1 and CO2, and two movable contacts CO3 and CO4 mounted on the mobile pallet C3 of conductive material. The CO3 and CO4 mobile contacts are permanently connected to each other via the mobile pallet. The electromechanical contactor 10 can take two states:
  • a closed state in which the mobile contacts CO3 and CO4 of the mobile pallet are respectively in contact with the fixed contacts CO1 and CO2 so as to electrically connect between them the two fixed contacts CO1 and CO2; and
  • an open state in which the mobile contacts CO3 and CO4 of the mobile pallet are at a distance from the fixed contacts CO1 and CO2.

La commande de la palette mobile est réalisée par un électroaimant D.The control of the mobile pallet is carried out by an electromagnet D.

Dans la figure 3, le système d'hybridation 4 a un premier connecteur t connecté à la palette mobile pour une reprise de potentiel et un second connecteur connecté à un des contacts fixes CO1 ou CO2 à titre d'illustration d'une variante de connexion présentant une isolation galvanique sans ajout de contact en série supplémentaire.In the figure 3 , the hybridization system 4 has a first connector t connected to the mobile pallet for a potential recovery and a second connector connected to one of the fixed contacts CO1 or CO2 as an illustration of a connection variant having a galvanic isolation without adding additional serial contact.

Les figures 4A à 4D montrent la présence ou non d'arc électrique au niveau des contacts du contacteur électromécanique 10.The Figures 4A to 4D show the presence or absence of an electric arc at the contacts of the electromechanical contactor 10.

Avant l'instant t0 (figure 4A), le contacteur électromécanique 10 est à l'état fermé (état conducteur) et les contacts mobiles CO3 et CO4 sont respectivement en contact avec les contacts fixes C01 et CO2. L'interrupteur électronique 12 est à l'état ouvert (état non conducteur).Before the moment t0 ( Figure 4A ), the electromechanical contactor 10 is in the closed state (conducting state) and the moving contacts CO3 and CO4 are respectively in contact with the fixed contacts C01 and CO2. The electronic switch 12 is in the open state (non-conductive state).

A l'instant t0, on ouvre le contacteur électromécanique 10 (passage de l'état fermé à l'état ouvert). Des arcs électriques apparaissent alors entre, d'une part, le contact CO1 et le contact CO3 et, d'autre part, entre le contact CO2 et le contact CO4. Ces arcs électriques sont visibles sur la figure 4B.At time t0, the electromechanical contactor 10 is opened (transition from the closed state to the open state). Electrical arcs then appear between, on the one hand, the CO1 contact and the CO3 contact and, on the other hand, between the CO2 contact and the CO4 contact. These arcs are visible on the Figure 4B .

Au terme d'une durée d1 comprise entre 1 µs et 10 ms, l'interrupteur électronique 12 passe à l'état fermé (état passant). Le contact mobile CO4 et le contact fixe C02 sont alors shuntés par l'interrupteur électronique 12. L'arc électrique entre le contact fixe CO1 et le contact mobile CO3 s'éteint alors comme illustré à la figure 4C.At the end of a duration d1 of between 1 μs and 10 ms, the electronic switch 12 goes to the closed state (on state). The moving contact CO4 and the fixed contact C02 are then shunted by the electronic switch 12. The electric arc between the fixed contact CO1 and the moving contact CO3 then goes off as illustrated in FIG. figure 4C .

L'interrupteur électronique 12 est maintenu à l'état fermé (état passant) pendant une durée d2 comprise entre 1 µs et 10ms. Le contact mobile CO3 n'étant plus alimenté par l'arc électrique entre le contact fixe CO1 et le contact mobile CO3.The electronic switch 12 is kept in the closed state (on state) for a duration d2 of between 1 μs and 10 ms. The CO3 mobile contact is no longer powered by the electric arc between the fixed contact CO1 and the mobile contact CO3.

L'interrupteur électronique 12 passe ensuite, au terme de la durée d2, à l'état ouvert. L'arc électrique entre le contact mobile C04 et le contact fixe C04 s'éteint automatiquement. Ce passage à l'état ouvert est illustré par la figure 4D.The electronic switch 12 then passes, at the end of the duration d2, in the open state. The electric arc between the movable contact C04 and the fixed contact C04 turns off automatically. This transition to the open state is illustrated by the figure 4D .

Ce pilotage de l'interrupteur électronique 12 permet d'autoriser des arcs électriques dans le contacteur électromécanique 10 pendant la durée d1 puis de les couper, les uns après les autres, pendant la durée d2.This control of the electronic switch 12 makes it possible to allow electric arcs in the electromechanical contactor 10 for the duration d1 and then to cut them one after the other, during the duration d2.

L'alimentation électronique autonome 11 va maintenant être décrite plus en détail en référence à la figure 5.The autonomous electronic power supply 11 will now be described in more detail with reference to the figure 5 .

L'alimentation électrique autonome est donc connectée aux bornes A et B du contacteur électromécanique 10. Cette connexion est par exemple assurée par des conducteurs souples ayant une section très faible au regard de la section des conducteurs du circuit principal.The autonomous power supply is therefore connected to terminals A and B of the electromechanical contactor 10. This connection is for example provided by flexible conductors having a very small section with respect to the section of the conductors of the main circuit.

Un module redresseur 111 est connecté directement aux connecteurs des bornes A et B. Il est composé de diodes permet de redresser le courant traversant les bornes A et B et ainsi de s'affranchir du sens du courant entre les bornes A et B.A rectifier module 111 is directly connected to the connectors of terminals A and B. It is composed of diodes used to rectify the current passing through terminals A and B and thus to overcome the direction of the current between terminals A and B.

La sortie du module redresseur 111 est connectée à un ballast 112 dont le but est de stabiliser l'alimentation.The output of the rectifier module 111 is connected to a ballast 112 whose purpose is to stabilize the power supply.

La sortie du ballast 112 est connectée à un condensateur 113 qui assure le stockage de l'énergie.The output of the ballast 112 is connected to a capacitor 113 which stores the energy.

Une diode 114 située entre le ballast 112 et le condensateur 113 permet d'éviter la décharge de la capacité via le ballast 112.A diode 114 located between the ballast 112 and the capacitor 113 makes it possible to avoid the discharge of the capacitance via the ballast 112.

Le condensateur 113 est alors connecté à la logique de séquencement 15 pour alimenter celle-ci, de façon à ce qu'elle puisse commander l'interrupteur électronique 12.The capacitor 113 is then connected to the sequencing logic 15 to power it, so that it can control the electronic switch 12.

Ainsi le circuit de commande 15 ne requiert pas de dispositif d'alimentation externe. Il est alimenté par l'énergie provenant des arcs électriques présents à l'ouverture du contacteur électromécanique 10.Thus the control circuit 15 does not require an external power supply device. It is powered by the energy coming from the electric arcs present at the opening of the electromechanical contactor 10.

En se référant au chronogramme de la figure 2, l'alimentation électrique autonome 11 n'est pas alimentée tant que le contacteur électromécanique 10 est en position fermée car les bornes A et B sont quasiment au même potentiel.Referring to the chronogram of the figure 2 , the autonomous power supply 11 is not energized as the electromechanical contactor 10 is in the closed position because the terminals A and B are almost at the same potential.

Pendant la durée d1, le contacteur électromécanique 10 est ouvert et un arc électrique est établi par la différence de potentiel existante entre les bornes A et B. Cette énergie d'arc électrique sert alors à charger le condensateur 113 durant les premiers instants de d1. Le circuit de commande 15 est alors alimenté et peut fermer le contacteur électronique 12 à la fin de d1 et pour la période d2.During the duration d 1 , the electromechanical contactor 10 is open and an electric arc is established by the potential difference existing between the terminals A and B. This electric arc energy then serves to charge the capacitor 113 during the first instants of d 1 . The control circuit 15 is then powered and can close the electronic switch 12 at the end of d 1 and for the period d 2 .

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, figure 6, le module d'hybridation 5 comporte en outre un circuit de monitoring 40 destiné à transmettre vers un système extérieur un créneau calibré de bonne santé.In a particular embodiment, figure 6 , the hybridization module 5 further comprises a monitoring circuit 40 for transmitting to an external system a calibrated slice of good health.

Le circuit de monitoring 40 est alimenté par l'alimentation 11 et détecte la tension d'arc électrique aux bornes A et B grâce au circuit 41. Le circuit 42 détecte la durée de tension d'arc et si cette durée est inférieure ou égale à la durée d1 + d2, le circuit 42 autorise le circuit 43 à générer un créneau calibré destiné à une supervision extérieure.The monitoring circuit 40 is powered by the power supply 11 and detects the electric arc voltage at the terminals A and B thanks to the circuit 41. The circuit 42 detects the arc voltage duration and if this duration is less than or equal to the duration d1 + d2, the circuit 42 allows the circuit 43 to generate a calibrated slot for external supervision.

Ainsi, en cas de défaillance d'un des composants électroniques entrainant une panne d'alimentation ou une panne du circuit de commande ou la présence d'un arc de durée trop importante, le créneau calibré de bonne santé ne sera pas généré, ce qui créera une alarme dans le système de supervision.Thus, in the event of a failure of one of the electronic components causing a power failure or a failure of the control circuit or the presence of an arc of too long duration, the calibrated niche of good health will not be generated, which will create an alarm in the supervision system.

Le système d'hybridation 5 confère ainsi au contacteur des propriétés de contacteur haute tension.The hybridization system 5 thus gives the contactor high voltage contactor properties.

Avantageusement le matériau des contacts du contacteur électromécanique est préservé en limitant la durée des arcs électriques, ce qui permet d'obtenir un nombre de cycles d'ouverture/fermeture élevé.Advantageously, the contact material of the electromechanical contactor is preserved by limiting the duration of the electric arcs, which makes it possible to obtain a high number of opening / closing cycles.

Les perturbations électromagnétiques générées par les arcs électriques sont avantageusement réduites.The electromagnetic disturbances generated by the electric arcs are advantageously reduced.

La taille et le poids du contacteur hybride est réduit par rapport à l'état de l'art et sans nécessité d'utiliser une source d'alimentation auxiliaire.The size and weight of the hybrid contactor is reduced compared to the state of the art and without the need to use an auxiliary power source.

Enfin, le contacteur est avantageusement insensible aux effets indirects de la foudre et de la compatibilité électromagnétique.Finally, the contactor is advantageously insensitive to the indirect effects of lightning and electromagnetic compatibility.

Le système d'hybridation 5 peut également être utilisé avec un fusible ou un disjoncteur.Hybridization system 5 can also be used with a fuse or circuit breaker.

Ainsi, figure 7, le système d'hybridation 5 est connecté aux bornes A et B d'un fusible basse tension 20.So, figure 7 the hybridization system 5 is connected to the terminals A and B of a low-voltage fuse 20.

Comme dans le cas du contacteur, un arc électrique se crée après la durée dite de pré-arc. Pendant la durée d'arc d1, le module d'alimentation stocke de l'énergie grâce à la tension contre-électromotrice de l'arc électrique. Le fusible 20 est ensuite court-circuité pendant la durée d2 de manière à supprimer l'arc électrique. L'arc électrique s'éteint alors automatiquement car il n'est plus traversé par un courant électrique.As in the case of the contactor, an electric arc is created after the so-called pre-arc duration. During the arc duration d1, the power supply module stores energy thanks to the back electromotive voltage of the electric arc. The fuse 20 is then short-circuited for the duration d2 so as to suppress the electric arc. The electric arc then turns off automatically because it is no longer crossed by an electric current.

Les durées d1 et d2 sont avantageusement déterminées pour régler le temps de fusion du fusible.The durations d1 and d2 are advantageously determined to adjust the melting time of the fuse.

Ainsi l'arc électrique est supprimé bien avant la fusion complète du matériau fusible utilisé nominalement pour de la basse tension.Thus the electric arc is removed well before the complete melting of the fuse material used nominally for low voltage.

Cette structure permet donc d'élargir la gamme d'utilisation du fusible pour de la haute tension en réglant le temps de fusion du fusible.This structure therefore makes it possible to widen the range of use of the fuse for high voltage by adjusting the fusing time of the fuse.

Les figures 8A à 8D montrent la présence ou non d'arc électrique au niveau du fusible basse-tension 20.The Figures 8A to 8D show the presence or absence of an electric arc at the low-voltage fuse 20.

Avant l'instant t0, figure 8A, le fusible 20 est à l'état fermé. Il est donc conducteur.Before the moment t0, figure 8A the fuse 20 is in the closed state. He is therefore a driver.

A l'instant t0, le fusible fond à cause d'un court-circuit ou d'une surcharge dans le circuit électrique.At time t0, the fuse blows due to a short circuit or overload in the electrical circuit.

Un arc électrique apparaît alors entre les bornes du fusible, figure 8B.An electric arc appears between the fuse terminals, Figure 8B .

Au terme d'une durée d1 comprise entre 1µs et 1ms, l'interrupteur électronique 12 passe à l'état fermé. Le fusible est alors court-circuité par l'interrupteur électronique 12. L'arc électrique présent aux bornes du fusible s'éteint alors comme illustré à la figure 8C.At the end of a period d1 between 1μs and 1ms, the electronic switch 12 goes to the closed state. The fuse is then short-circuited by the electronic switch 12. The electric arc present at the terminals of the fuse then goes off as illustrated in FIG. Figure 8C .

L'interrupteur électronique 12 est maintenu à l'état fermé pendant une durée d2 comprise entre 1µs et 10ms. Puis, au terme de cette durée d2, l'interrupteur électronique passe à l'état ouvert, figure 8D.The electronic switch 12 is kept in the closed state for a duration d2 of between 1 μs and 10 ms. Then, at the end of this period d2, the electronic switch goes to the open state, figure 8D .

L'utilisation du système d'hybridation avec un fusible basse tension confère ainsi au fusible des propriétés de fusible haute tension tout en réduisant l'encombrement par rapport à un fusible haute tension classique équivalent. Il permet également avantageusement de réduire le temps de fusion du fusible.The use of the hybridization system with a low voltage fuse thus gives the fuse high voltage fuse properties while reducing the bulk compared to a conventional high voltage fuse equivalent. It also advantageously reduces the melting time of the fuse.

En référence à la figure 9, le système d'hybridation 5 est utilisé avec un disjoncteur électromécanique basse tension 30.With reference to the figure 9 the hybridization system 5 is used with a low voltage electromechanical circuit breaker 30.

Ainsi, un arc électrique se crée lors de l'ouverture du disjoncteur. Les phases d'apparition et de disparition de l'arc électrique sont les mêmes que celles décrites précédemment pour le fusible.Thus, an electric arc is created during the opening of the circuit breaker. The phases of appearance and disappearance of the electric arc are the same as those described above for the fuse.

Cet assemblage permet avantageusement de conférer au disjoncteur des propriétés de disjoncteur haute tension tout en réduisant l'encombrement d'un tel disjoncteur haute tension.This assembly advantageously allows to give the circuit breaker high voltage circuit breaker properties while reducing the size of such a high-voltage circuit breaker.

Dans l'ensemble de ces différents mode de réalisation, l'interrupteur électronique 12 peut être constitué de différents éléments, figure 10.In all of these different embodiments, the electronic switch 12 may consist of different elements, figure 10 .

Ainsi la figure 10A montre un interrupteur constitué de deux transistors MOSFET en série dont la diode de corps intrinsèque assure la bidirectionnalité du courant.So the figure 10A shows a switch consisting of two MOSFET transistors in series whose intrinsic body diode ensures bidirectionality of the current.

La figure 10B montre un interrupteur constitué de deux transistors bipolaire à grille isolée (IGBT) en série avec une diode antiparallèle pour assurer la bidirectionnalité du courant.The figure 10B shows a switch consisting of two insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) in series with an antiparallel diode to provide bidirectional current.

La figure 10C montre un interrupteur constitué d'un transistor MOSFET avec un pont de diodes qui assure la bidirectionnalité du courant et la figure 10D montre un transistor bipolaire à grille isolée (IGBT) avec un pont de diode assurant la bidirectionnalité du courant.The Figure 10C shows a switch consisting of a MOSFET transistor with a diode bridge that provides the bidirectionality of the current and the figure 10D shows an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a diode bridge providing bidirectional current.

L'invention a été illustrée et décrite en détail dans les dessins et la description précédente. De nombreuses variantes de réalisation sont possibles.The invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the foregoing description. Many alternative embodiments are possible.

Claims (8)

  1. Hybridization system (5) for an electric device, said electric device having two terminals (A, B) and two states, a closed state allowing an electric current to circulate between the two terminals and an open state blocking the circulation of said electric current between said terminals, said device being suitable for an electric arc to be generated during the passage from the closed state to the open state, said hybridization system comprising:
    • two conductors suitable for being connected to the two terminals (A, B) of the electric device;
    • a timer switch (12) having two terminals connected to the two conductors and said timer switch being suitable for being in the open state by default and, after a first predetermined time d1 following the triggering of the electric arc, switching to the closed state for a second predetermined time d2;
    the hybridization system further comprising an electric power supply (11) of the timer switch, said power supply being connected to the two conductors and being suitable in order for the energy to come only from the electric energy provided by the electric arc, characterized in that the electric power supply comprises:
    • a rectifier module connected at the input to the two conductors and having an output connected to a ballast,
    • the ballast connected via a diode to an energy accumulator,
    • the energy accumulator having two terminals connected to the timer switch.
  2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the timer switch comprises a semiconductor electronic switch connected to the two terminals of the timer switch, and a circuit for controlling said semiconductor electronic switch powered by said electric power supply.
  3. System according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that said system further comprises a dissipative circuit connected in parallel to the terminals of said timer switch.
  4. System according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that said system further comprises a monitoring circuit (40) powered by the electric power supply (11) and suitable for detecting the electric-arc voltage at the terminals (A, B) and the electric-arc voltage time and for generating a signal of correct operation or of anomaly intended for outside monitoring.
  5. Hybrid contactor (1) suitable for operating under high-voltage direct current, comprising:
    • an electromechanical contactor module (10) connected between a first terminal (A) and a second terminal (B), said electromechanical contactor module comprising at least two fixed contacts and at least two mobile contacts, each of the two mobile contacts being suitable for coming into contact with a specific fixed contact between said first terminal and an intermediate terminal (C) distinct from said first and second terminal, which electromechanical contactor module (10) is suitable for selectively being in a closed state or an open state;
    characterized in that it further comprises a hybridization system according to any one of the previous claims connected between the second terminal (B) and the intermediate terminal (C).
  6. System for electrical protection suitable for operating under high-voltage direct current, comprising a conductive element (20) connected between a first terminal (A) and a second terminal (B), said conductive element being suitable for going from a closed state to an open state when the intensity of the current passing through said conductive element exceeds a predetermined value,
    characterized in that it further comprises a hybridization system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 connected between the first terminal (A) and the second terminal (B).
  7. System for electrical protection according to claim 6, characterized in that the conductive element (20) is a fuse.
  8. Circuit breaker suitable for operating under high-voltage direct current, comprising a conductive circuit (30) connected between a first terminal (A) and a second terminal (B), said conductive circuit being suitable for going from a closed state to an open state when the intensity of the current passing through said conductive circuit exceeds a predetermined overload limit,
    characterized in that it further comprises a hybridization system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 connected between the first terminal (A) and the second terminal (B).
EP18728688.5A 2017-05-30 2018-05-03 Hybridisation system for high voltage direct current Active EP3437115B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1754754A FR3067165A1 (en) 2017-05-30 2017-05-30 HYBRIDIZATION SYSTEM FOR HIGH VOLTAGE CONTINUOUS CURRENT
PCT/FR2018/051114 WO2018220307A1 (en) 2017-05-30 2018-05-03 Hybridization system for high-voltage direct current

Publications (2)

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EP3437115A1 EP3437115A1 (en) 2019-02-06
EP3437115B1 true EP3437115B1 (en) 2019-09-04

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US (1) US11081297B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3437115B1 (en)
BR (1) BR112019022678A2 (en)
CA (1) CA3060084A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2755358T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3067165A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018220307A1 (en)

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FR3126167A1 (en) 2021-08-10 2023-02-17 Safran Electrical & Power Control method for power contactor

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DE202009004198U1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-08-12 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Isolation switch for galvanic DC interruption
JP5533598B2 (en) * 2010-11-26 2014-06-25 株式会社リコー Discharge energy recovery apparatus and image forming apparatus
US8581516B2 (en) * 2011-12-09 2013-11-12 Hep Tech Co., Ltd. Power processing apparatus and method of releasing the residual power thereof
US20140091061A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Arc Suppression Technologies Arc suppression system and method
FR3000284B1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2016-05-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sas CONTACTOR-BREAKER DEVICE
DE102015212802A1 (en) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-12 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Separating device for DC interruption
JP6708136B2 (en) * 2017-01-13 2020-06-10 オムロン株式会社 DC switch arc erasing device
JP6708137B2 (en) * 2017-01-13 2020-06-10 オムロン株式会社 DC switch arc erasing device
US11049685B2 (en) * 2018-05-10 2021-06-29 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Circuit protector arc flash reduction system with parallel connected semiconducor switch

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ES2755358T3 (en) 2020-04-22
BR112019022678A2 (en) 2020-05-19
CA3060084A1 (en) 2018-12-06
EP3437115A1 (en) 2019-02-06
US11081297B2 (en) 2021-08-03
FR3067165A1 (en) 2018-12-07
WO2018220307A1 (en) 2018-12-06
US20180350533A1 (en) 2018-12-06

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