EP1538416A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Wiederaufbau von Bildern auf Detektorstäben - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Wiederaufbau von Bildern auf Detektorstäben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1538416A1 EP1538416A1 EP04292843A EP04292843A EP1538416A1 EP 1538416 A1 EP1538416 A1 EP 1538416A1 EP 04292843 A EP04292843 A EP 04292843A EP 04292843 A EP04292843 A EP 04292843A EP 1538416 A1 EP1538416 A1 EP 1538416A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- bars
- resolution
- bar
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003711 image thresholding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/222—Homing guidance systems for spin-stabilized missiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2253—Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
- F41G7/2293—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of image reconstruction gained through sensor arrays mounted on a projectile.
- Projectiles can be self-guided on a moving target when the latter gives off heat - for example the heat of thrusters or engines - thanks to a device for detecting points hot embedded on the projectile. Once the hot spot is located, the projectile adjusts its trajectory over the hotspot to reach its target.
- Figure 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section of the plane focal point of a hot spot detection device of the state of the art.
- the point detection device typically has four shape detection bars 1 rectangular and placed relative to each other to form a regular Greek cross centered on the longitudinal axis 2 of the device.
- the strips 1 are placed in the focal plane of the detection device. Their length is equal to the field of optics, and their width approximately the diameter of the image spot (percussion response) of the optics.
- the 1 bars are fixed relative to the projectile symbolized by the ortho mark normal 3 itself centered on axis 2.
- the 1 bars detect a hot spot. Detection and positioning of this hot spot relative to the projectile allow the projectile to point to the hot spot and therefore the target.
- the invention proposes to overcome these disadvantages.
- One of the aims of the invention is to propose a method making it possible reconstruct an image using signals captured on detectors mounted on a projectile.
- the invention proposes a method for reconstituting an image Im acquired by means of sensor arrays mounted on a projectile, characterized in that the representative vector of the image is reconstituted from the representative vector of the images.
- the invention also relates to an image reconstruction device comprising detection strips and processing means adapted to implement a method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 the elements similar to FIG. identical numerical references, schematically represents a cross-section longitudinal axis of a focal plane of a device implementing a method according to the invention.
- a detection device implementing a method according to the invention comprises at least three strips 1 of shape detection rectangular and placed in relation to each other according to at least three non-collinear directions between them.
- the detectors are oriented radially towards the axis 2 of the device, and towards the vertices of a regular polygon.
- the bars are thus arranged in a regular "Y" shape centered on the longitudinal axis 2 of the device.
- the bars 1 are placed in the focal plane of the device of detection. Their length is equal to the field of optics, and their width approximately to the diameter of the image spot (response percussion) of optics.
- the bars 1 are fixed with respect to projectile symbolized by the normal ortho mark 3 itself centered on the axis 2.
- the optical axis 6 of the device rotates about the axis 2 according to the arrow referenced by 5 thanks to a router, the optical axis 6 being at a distance R of the axis 2.
- the trajectory of the axis 6 in the focal plane is represented by the circle 4.
- angles ⁇ of rotation are given by means of measurement connected to the top.
- the optical axis 6 When moving the router, the optical axis 6 performs a translational movement in front of the bars 1. It may well be heard also say, by changing repository, that the barrettes 1 perform a translational movement with respect to the optical axis 6.
- FIG. 3 shows a bar 1 passing in front of the image 30 of the scene - if we take as a reference the axes (Ox, Oy) centered on the image 30 - in a direction 31 of displacement in translation.
- Image 30 of the scene is acquired during a step 32, that is to say throughout the translation in the direction 31.
- Im the function of x and y in the focal plane which represents the image of the scene that one seeks to obtain.
- the Im function represents therefore the image 30 in Figure 3.
- Integrating the entire length of the bar 1 is similar to a measurement acquisition technique used in tomography. Tomography is used in the medical field especially.
- This measurement acquisition characteristic makes it possible to use a tomographic image reconstruction method.
- equation (1) highlights the linear aspect of the problem and assumes the linearity of the bars.
- a method according to the invention can use a step that is similar to a Radon transform.
- the calculation parameter is the displacement of the next image not ( ⁇ k ).
- Figure 4 shows that the 300 image in the Fourier space of a picture acquired by bars in real space is all the better sampled that the number of bars in real space is important. It is recalled that the sampling direction in the space of frequencies is perpendicular to the direction of extension of the bar in real space.
- Figure 4 also shows that the width D of the bars acts as a convolution of the image in the frequency space by a disk 50 whose diameter is 1 / D.
- the device for implementing the method according to the invention comprises in general, preferably seven bars.
- FIG. 6A thus schematically shows that the image 60 is divided acquired by the bars 1 in pixels referenced by 600.
- each pixel of the image 60 is performed.
- Each pixel 600 of the image 60 thus bears a number.
- FIG. 6B shows that the image 600 is then represented as a vector 65 by putting one after the other lines 61 to 64 by example.
- a vector B representative of B of the equation is constructed (1) by juxtaposing the signals received from each strip 1 after having numbered the bars. The juxtaposition of the signals in the vector B is performed according to the numbers of the bars.
- Figure 7 shows that the operator L of equation (1) is represented by its matrix.
- Figure 7 shows that each row of the matrix L corresponds to a current bar i of the focal plane.
- Each column of the matrix L corresponds to a pixel j.
- the dimensions of the bars are (in ⁇ m) 700 x 100 and the represented plane is a square of 750 ⁇ m side. These dimensions are given for information only limiting and depend on the dimensions of the field of the optical system.
- a first possible embodiment of a method according to the invention is to minimize a functional quadratic instead of solving directly equation (1).
- the quadratic error between the measurements and the expected image is called least squares method by the skilled person.
- the starting image is zero throughout the field of detectors.
- the threshold depends on the applications and acquisition cards. In our example, it can be set to 1 ⁇ 2.
- the loop stops after a certain number of iterations or when the reconstructed image is sufficiently resolved to be exploited by the means for processing and guiding the projectile.
- steps of gradient descent can be used in a process according to the invention. It may in particular be a method of descent gradients simple or optimal step for example.
- Performing image thresholding avoids training interference in the image and to ensure better convergence of the calculation.
- Figures 9A-9D show the results of the first four iterations of a method using the least squares method.
- the image is divided into 1600 pixels.
- the focal plane has two hot spots 91 and 92 of the same intensity and visible especially in Figure 9D.
- the calculation takes into account the treatment of the signal, including the elimination of a low-frequency component.
- Figure 9A is the reconstructed image after an iteration with a threshold equal to 1 ⁇ 2.
- Figure 9B is the reconstructed image after two iterations with a threshold equal to 1 ⁇ 4.
- Figure 9C is the reconstituted image after three iterations with a threshold equal to 1/6.
- Figure 9D is the reconstructed image after four iterations with a threshold equal to 1/8.
- a second possible embodiment of a method according to the invention consists in using a method of resolution of the type maximization or minimization of a functional under stress.
- Such under-determination may occur when the measures are of a limited number, namely during a quick acquisition of the scene by the bars, or where the measurements under certain incidences are not not accessible or exploitable.
- a method of maximizing or minimizing a functional under stress can of course be used in all cases acquisition.
- a method of the MART type is used.
- This method of resolution can be interpreted as a minimization or constrained maximization with a criterion entropic.
- a method according to the invention makes the solution converge towards a maximum entropy of the image with the constraint given by equation (1).
- the set of measures to be corrected is then moved to each iteration according to the displacement of the bar considered in relation to the scene.
- the correction of the image during the iteration n + 1 of the method is carried out substantially by a multiplication of the image I (k) / n obtained at the pixel k after correction during an iteration n by the ratio of the signal B n received by a given bar in this pixel k during the iteration n on the one hand to the signal R n reconstituted over the whole of the bar given during the iteration n on the other hand.
- I ( k ) / n +1 is the pixel k image at the iteration n + 1
- I ( k ) / n is the image at pixel k at iteration n
- L nk is an operator worth 0 in the calculations involving coefficients of the matrix L not relating to a pixel included in the bar considered, and 1 in the calculations involving coefficients of the matrix L concerning a pixel included in the bar considered
- ⁇ nk is a coefficient making it possible to adjust the convergence of the iterations by distributing the correction over all the pixels of the bar considered
- R n is defined by a relation of the type: in which the index j of the summation indicates that we sum the L nj on all the pixels j of the bar considered.
- R n represents the signal that gives the image reconstituted on the bar considered.
- n denotes a matrix index, it describes the indices of each matrix cyclically, modulo the size of the matrix.
- the index n is thus not limited by the size of the matrices in the iterations.
- equation (5) can also be written: ⁇ nk makes it possible to carry out an averaging of the correction on all the pixels of the bar. This ensures a conservation of energy during the different iterations and the convergence of the iterative process is allowed.
- Iterations are stopped when a number of iterations is reached or when the reconstructed image is sufficiently resolved to be exploited by the means for processing and guiding the projectile.
- FIG. 10 thus shows the image of a pattern with patterns remarkable 100.
- Figure 11 shows the reconstructed image of the pattern of Figure 10 after a dozen iterations of the process. It clearly distinguishes 110 reconstructed images of the patterns 100.
- this sinusoid being seen by the disk of diameter D.
- the image of this sinusoid truncated is a disk of diameter 1 / D in the frequency space.
- disk 50 is detected, in the worst of case, when it is tangent to two straight at the same time.
- n is preferably greater than or equal to 7.
- the device for implementing a method according to the invention preferably comprises seven bars 1 equally distributed, as shown in Figure 5B.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0314089 | 2003-12-01 | ||
| FR0314089A FR2863079B1 (fr) | 2003-12-01 | 2003-12-01 | Procede et dispositif de reconstitution d'image sur des barrettes de detecteurs |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1538416A1 true EP1538416A1 (de) | 2005-06-08 |
| EP1538416B1 EP1538416B1 (de) | 2010-07-28 |
Family
ID=34451701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04292843A Expired - Lifetime EP1538416B1 (de) | 2003-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Wiederaufbau von Bildern auf Detektorstäben |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1538416B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE475855T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE602004028331D1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2863079B1 (de) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0561163A1 (de) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-09-22 | Daimler-Benz Aerospace Aktiengesellschaft | Bildaufnahmesystem |
| US5529262A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1996-06-25 | Horwath; Tibor G. | Guidance seeker for small spinning projectiles |
| US5669581A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1997-09-23 | Aerojet-General Corporation | Spin-stabilized guided projectile |
-
2003
- 2003-12-01 FR FR0314089A patent/FR2863079B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-12-01 EP EP04292843A patent/EP1538416B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-12-01 AT AT04292843T patent/ATE475855T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-01 DE DE602004028331T patent/DE602004028331D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0561163A1 (de) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-09-22 | Daimler-Benz Aerospace Aktiengesellschaft | Bildaufnahmesystem |
| US5529262A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1996-06-25 | Horwath; Tibor G. | Guidance seeker for small spinning projectiles |
| US5669581A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1997-09-23 | Aerojet-General Corporation | Spin-stabilized guided projectile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE602004028331D1 (de) | 2010-09-09 |
| ATE475855T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
| FR2863079B1 (fr) | 2006-03-03 |
| FR2863079A1 (fr) | 2005-06-03 |
| EP1538416B1 (de) | 2010-07-28 |
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