EP1537765A1 - Flüssigkeitsfalle zum auffangen von flüssigkeiten in einer vakuumeinrichtung - Google Patents
Flüssigkeitsfalle zum auffangen von flüssigkeiten in einer vakuumeinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1537765A1 EP1537765A1 EP03797299A EP03797299A EP1537765A1 EP 1537765 A1 EP1537765 A1 EP 1537765A1 EP 03797299 A EP03797299 A EP 03797299A EP 03797299 A EP03797299 A EP 03797299A EP 1537765 A1 EP1537765 A1 EP 1537765A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- trap
- wall
- vacuum
- liquid trap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/002—Supply of the plasma generating material
- H05G2/0025—Systems for collecting the plasma generating material after the plasma generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0431—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples
Definitions
- Liquid trap for collecting liquids in a vacuum device
- the invention relates to liquid traps according to the preamble of claim 1, vacuum devices equipped with such liquid traps and methods for collecting liquids or frozen particles under vacuum conditions.
- a continuous or drop-shaped jet of a liquid substance is introduced into the vacuum chamber of a vacuum device for measurement or process engineering purposes.
- a solution of the molecules in water is introduced into the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer, where it is subjected to a laser-assisted desorption of the solvent in order to then analyze the dissolved molecules by mass spectrometry alone.
- X-ray or UV sources in which a liquid target material is brought into a plasma state under vacuum conditions by high-energy radiation (e.g. laser radiation), in which material-specific X-ray fluorescence radiation is emitted (see e.g.
- a general problem with introducing a liquid into a vacuum is the volatility of the liquid or any reaction products.
- the liquids used typically have a vapor pressure of a few millibars at temperatures above the respective triple point.
- the vapor of the liquid can significantly worsen the vacuum or lead to disturbing precipitation in the vacuum device.
- a conventional liquid trap 10 ' is shown schematically by way of example in FIG. 5 (see, for example, US 5 577 091, US 5 459 771, S. Düsterer et al. In “Spectrum of Science”, September 2001, page 78 ff.)
- Liquid trap 10 ' comprises an additional trap container 11' which is separate from the vacuum chamber and has an interior 12 'into which the liquid to be collected is passed through an inlet element 13'.
- the inlet element 13 ' consists of a funnel 13a' and one Capillary 13b ', which opens into the trap container 11' with a certain length on a wall 14 '.
- the entry element previously used also has the disadvantage of increased mechanical sensitivity. at a light load, e.g. B. When the vacuum device is vented, the capillary is de-adjusted.
- the liquids in the vacuum chamber under high vacuum are usually supercooled liquids that freeze easily when they come into contact with surfaces.
- the entrance element of the cold trap will be closed by frozen precipitation.
- the entry element has so far been continuously heated to a few hundred degrees during collection (see, for example, US Pat. No. 5,577,091).
- the heating produces new steam which worsens the vacuum.
- temperature gradients arise which can be harmful to the vacuum device and the liquid samples.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved liquid trap for collecting liquids in a vacuum device, with which the disadvantages of conventional liquid traps are overcome.
- the liquid trap should have a simplified structure, simplify the operation of the vacuum device, avoid the problems described due to back-flowing steam and be suitable for collecting liquids even with a relatively high vapor pressure.
- the liquid trap is intended in particular to collect liquids with a vapor pressure of several 100 mbar, such as. B. of liquid noble gases Ar, Kr or Xe.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for collecting liquids in a vacuum device which overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional techniques.
- a basic idea of the invention is to provide a liquid trap which has a trap container with an interior and an entry element, through which liquid or frozen particles from an evacuated outer space of the liquid trap can enter the trap container and steam can flow from the trap container into the outer space, where the entry element, in contrast to conventional techniques, is not caused by a flow obstacle such.
- the inlet channel forms an opening (aperture), which is directly adjacent to the interior on one side of the wall and the exterior on the opposite side of the wall.
- dimensions according to D ⁇ 2 mm and L ⁇ 4 mm apply to the inner diameter D and the inner length L of the inlet duct.
- the collection of the liquid through the aperture in the wall of the trap container has a number of advantages, which concern both the design of the trap and its function.
- First, the structure of the liquid trap is considerably simplified.
- the entry element can be of small dimensions at a desired position in the wall of the trap. be attached to the container.
- the function of the trap is improved.
- the inventors have found that an aperture as the entry element is surprisingly superior to a channel-shaped entry element in terms of flow technology. In the area of the opening of the wall of the trap container, an obstacle to incoming liquid is avoided.
- the path of the liquid through the inlet element is shortened.
- the risk of precipitation and constipation is reduced.
- the diameter of the opening can be reduced, which has an advantageous effect on a reduction in the backflow.
- the load on the vacuum in the vacuum devices can be reduced.
- Said length (L) is, in particular, less than or equal to a predetermined accumulation length (L *), above which the outflowing steam would form a counterpressure in the inlet channel, which would prevent the liquid from entering without contact with respect to the inlet channel.
- the diameter (cross-sectional dimension) is, in particular, smaller than or equal to a predetermined damming diameter (D *), above which the outflowing steam would hinder the entry of the liquid into the entry channel.
- the entry element of the liquid trap has a conically shaped outer wall which tapers from the wall of the trap container into an outer space, e.g. B. protrudes a vacuum chamber.
- the conical shape has the particular advantage that reflection of the gas atmosphere flowing to the liquid trap is reduced and thus the stability of the operation when collecting liquids in particular with high vapor pressures (e.g. noble gases) is improved. Another advantage is that the cone structure increases the stability of the entry element.
- the entry element has an inclined outer wall.
- the outer wall forms an angle relative to the orientation of the inlet channel, which is also referred to as the outer or inclination angle.
- the angle of inclination is generally chosen to be greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °.
- the angle of inclination is preferably in the range from 30 ° to 70 °, in particular from 45 ° to 70 °.
- the diameter (D) preferably has a value in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, in particular from 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- similar diameters of the inlet channel can be selected for a large number of liquids of interest in practice.
- the liquid trap is equipped with a heating device with which the inlet element can be temperature-controlled, a first adjusting device with which the diameter of the inlet channel can be adjusted, and / or a second adjusting device with which the position of the liquid trap in the outside can be adjusted is.
- the heating device can have advantages at the beginning of the trap operation if the aperture of the inlet channel is not yet exactly aligned with the direction of movement of the incoming liquid. With the heating device, freezing out of liquids upon contact with the trap surface can be avoided.
- the heating device can be dimensioned smaller than the conventional capillary heater and can be switched off after a certain start-up time.
- the trap With the first actuating device and an adjustable opening in the trap container, the trap can advantageously be adapted to liquids with different flow properties.
- the provision of the second actuating device can be advantageous in order to optimally position the liquid trap in a vacuum device under the specific conditions.
- the second actuating device can be dispensed with if it is not necessary to adjust the liquid trap and / or if a liquid source in the vacuum device is equipped with its own actuating device.
- Another object of the invention is a vacuum device (e.g. X-ray or UV source, mass spectrometric examination device or a device for molecular distillation) with a vacuum chamber, a liquid source with which liquid can be conveyed into the vacuum chamber, and the liquid trap according to the invention.
- the vacuum device has the advantage that lower requirements can be placed on the vacuum pumps than in conventional vacuum devices in which liquids occur.
- the vacuum device can have a module structure in which the liquid trap can advantageously be inserted and exchanged as a module in a wall of the vacuum chamber.
- Part of the wall of the vacuum chamber can in particular form the wall of the trap container and can be equipped with the entry element.
- the vacuum device is equipped with an adjusting device with which the liquid source and the liquid trap can be aligned relative to one another.
- the adjustment device comprises, for example, an optical adjustment device with a laser and a scattered light detector.
- the invention also relates to a method for collecting (or: separating, removing) a liquid in a vacuum device using the liquid trap according to the invention.
- Drops, jets or frozen particles with diameters in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and vapor pressures in the range from 10 mbar to 1000 mbar are preferably collected.
- the invention has the particular advantage that no special vacuum or cooling devices are actuated or controlled for collection have to.
- the liquid trap can be operated coolant-free at room temperature and without an additional cooling device.
- the invention has the following further advantages. Different types of liquids (e.g. water, organic solvents, inorganic liquids) can be used not only with a low vapor pressure but also with an increased vapor pressure, e.g. B. in the range of 10 to 100 mbar or above coolant-free.
- a low vapor pressure e.g. water, organic solvents, inorganic liquids
- B. e.g. 10 to 100 mbar or above coolant-free.
- the collection is even possible with argon or xenon, which are liquids that are difficult to handle in vacuum systems due to the high vapor pressure.
- the recovery of the liquid (recycling) is considerably simplified.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 schematic sectional views of different
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a vacuum device according to the invention
- Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional liquid trap.
- the invention is described below with reference to exemplary embodiments and flow theory model considerations. It is emphasized that the implementation of the invention is not limited to the dimensioning of the liquid trap according to the theoretical considerations or to the exemplary embodiments shown. Rather, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to design a liquid trap e.g. B. by simple experiments to adapt to the respective application, in particular the selection, composition or geometric properties of the liquid and / or the geometric dimensions of the inlet channel can be varied. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the liquid trap according to the invention also for collecting solid particles, e.g. B. ice crystals is suitable. The description of the embodiments applies correspondingly to the collection of frozen liquid particles.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a liquid trap 10 according to the invention is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1.
- the liquid trap 10 comprises a trap container 11 with an inner space 12 which is delimited from the surroundings (outer space) by a wall 14.
- the environment is at least on one side of the trap container adjacent to an evacuated room, e.g. B. the vacuum chamber of a vacuum device (see below).
- the trap container 11 has a shape and size that are selected depending on the application, for. B. the shape of a cylindrical cup or bottle with an interior volume of z. B. 50 to 1000 cm 3 .
- the wall 14 consists, for example, of steel or another material which is inert for the respective application and has a thickness of, for. B. 1 to 10 mm.
- An outlet 16 can be provided on an underside of the trap container, through which liquid, if necessary after reaching a minimum amount on the container bottom and crossing a barrier before the outlet 16 can flow into a connected collecting system.
- the process 16, however, is not a mandatory feature of the invention.
- the trap container can be equipped with a temperature control device (not shown), in particular to adjust the pressure of the steam in the trap.
- the temperature control device can comprise a cooling device or a heating device.
- the heating device can be provided in particular when collecting frozen liquid particles in order to melt the liquid. This can outgrow liquid crystals, z. B. ice needles from the trap can be prevented in the vacuum chamber.
- the provision of the temperature control device is not absolutely necessary for stable deposition operation, in particular in the case of liquids such as water or ethanol.
- the temperature control device is preferably provided when collecting liquefied gases.
- the liquid trap can be connected to a recycling device which allows the liquid collected to be continuously recovered during the operation of the vacuum device. Continuous recovery is not possible with conventional traps, since this would involve ventilation or a complete shutdown of the vacuum device. This would lead to downtimes of several hours.
- This disadvantage can be overcome with the liquid trap according to the invention, since even the formation of atmospheric pressure during collection in the trap container 11 does not constitute a restriction for the collection of the liquid or the quality of the vacuum in the adjacent vacuum chamber.
- the entry element 13 provided according to the invention comprises a continuous opening (hole) which is formed in the wall 14 on the upper side of the trap container 11. An inlet channel 15 is formed through the opening.
- the inlet duct 15 extends with a certain diameter D over a certain length L and is directly delimited on both sides of the wall by the interior 11 and the exterior.
- the wall 14 can be formed on the top of the trap container 11 in one piece with the rest of the wall or as an independent wall element which is connected to the rest of the wall in a vacuum-tight manner.
- the wall element can consist, for example, of a cone structure (see FIG. 2).
- the length of the inlet channel 15 is equal to the thickness of the wall adjacent to the hole, in particular the end face of the adjacent wall.
- the wall can taper towards the inlet duct 15 (see FIG. 2).
- the entry element 13 can be tempered with the heating device 30.
- resistance heating is provided for at least temporarily setting a temperature above the evaporation temperature of the liquid to be collected under vacuum conditions.
- the cross section of the inlet channel 15 can be changed with the first actuating device 40.
- the liquid trap is to be positioned in a vacuum chamber, this can be done with the second actuating device 50.
- the first and second actuating devices 40, 50 can be formed, for example, by piezoelectric drives.
- the liquid generally forms a jet or a series of drops with a radius in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm.
- the trajectory can be, for example, a vertical drop distance (see arrow A), a ballistic trajectory or a horizontally oriented trajectory.
- the positioning is preferably carried out using an adjusting device (see FIG. 3) and can be carried out by slightly heating the inlet channel of the liquid trap. The latter prevents the liquid from freezing upon contact with surfaces of the liquid trap.
- the proper operation of the vacuum device then begins.
- the liquid enters the trap container 11 through the inlet channel 15 from the vacuum chamber.
- vapor of the liquid collects in the trap container 11.
- the vapor flowing back into the outside space due to the pressure gradient hits the liquid in the inlet duct 15.
- the inlet channel 15 can be dimensioned such that the vapor does not drive the liquid back or press it against the wall.
- the length L and the diameter D are preferably chosen according to the following principles.
- the inlet channel 15 is penetrated from the outside inwards by the liquid which is to be collected and from the inside out by the backflow of the vapor of the collected liquid.
- the liquid is subjected in the inlet channel a friction against ⁇ above the reverse current and is thereby braked. If the length of the inlet channel 15 is a certain length (the so-called Accumulation length), braking to zero is theoretically possible.
- the length of the jam can be estimated using the following concept.
- the braking force F which a ball (e.g. a drop of liquid) with the radius R experiences in an opposite laminar flow, results from Newton's formula (1):
- the constant c takes the value c «2.
- the quantity p gas is the gas density that can be estimated from the vapor pressure within the trap.
- the gas velocity v gas can be estimated from the energy and the molecular mass of the steam.
- the accumulation length L * can accordingly be determined from the properties of the liquid to be collected and process conditions.
- the accumulation length L * for typical microfluids (in particular R * 5 ... 50 ⁇ m) is, for example, in the range from 20 ⁇ m to 2 mm at gas pressures between 1 kPa and 100 kPa.
- the accumulation length depends directly on the droplet size R.
- the accumulation of the drops by a gas backflow from the liquid trap in vacuum systems, especially with small radii of the drops or the liquid Beam with R ⁇ 50 ⁇ m is a problem. This is avoided by dimensioning the inlet channel according to the invention.
- the vapor flowing back into the vacuum chamber undergoes an expansion upon leaving the inlet channel 15, which can be described as a radial isotropic expansion on the axis of symmetry of the inlet channel 15.
- the density of the vapor decreases with the square of the diameter of the inlet channel.
- damming diameter D * the diameter of the inlet channel 15 exceeds a certain value (the so-called damming diameter D *).
- the damming diameter can be estimated by comparing the kinetic energy of the incoming liquid and the energy converted during expansion.
- the inventors estimated the damming diameter according to equation (3):
- the damming diameter D * from the process conditions, e.g. B. the radius of the liquid drops or the liquid jet can be determined.
- the damming diameter D * is, for example, in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the relationship D * 5.3 L * results from equations (2) and (3).
- the damming diameter D * can in particular be smaller than 20 times the radius of the falling liquid drops or one Be beam.
- the inventors have found that the accumulation length L * is preferably less than twice the accumulation diameter D *.
- the real diameter of the inlet channel is preferably larger than the radius R of the liquid jet (or the drops) and smaller than the congestion diameter (R ⁇ D ⁇ D * ⁇ and
- the length L of the inlet channel is greater than 1 ⁇ m and less than twice the diameter (1 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 2D), and these conditions are preferably chosen with D * ⁇ 1 mm and 1 ⁇ m ⁇ R ⁇ 500 ⁇ m.
- a modularly usable entry element 13 is shown by way of example in FIG. 2.
- the wall 14 is conical in shape with a thickness that decreases toward the inlet channel 15.
- the inlet channel 15 has a diameter of approx. 100 ⁇ m and a length of approx. 100 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of the interior 12 adjoining initially below the inlet duct 15 is, for. B. 10 mm.
- the interior angle of entry ⁇ elements 13 is chosen so that the length L of diligentska- nals 15 is less than twice the diameter of the inlet channel 13.
- the upper wall 14 of the liquid trap 10 can be formed by a thin plate or film with the entry element 13.
- the plate or film has the thickness equal to the desired length of the inlet channel.
- the entry element according to FIG. 2 can advantageously be provided as a component that can be separated from the liquid trap.
- the entry element 13 can be screwed onto a liquid trap, for example.
- a given liquid trap can thus be equipped with an adapted, exchangeable inlet element depending on the liquid used.
- the inventive combination of the liquid trap with a vacuum device is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3 using the example of a plasma-based x-ray source 60.
- the X-ray source 60 includes a target or liquid ⁇ source 61 which is connected to a vacuum chamber 62 and as a collecting means comprises a liquid trap according to the invention 63.
- the liquid trap 63 is completely or (as shown) is only partially disposed in the vacuum chamber 62, so that at least the Entry element 13 protrudes into the vacuum chamber.
- the reference numeral 64 relates to an irradiation device.
- the liquid source 61 comprises a reservoir for the target material, a feed line and a nozzle (or: a droplet gun). With a (non-shown) operating means, for example.
- Comprises a pump or a piezoelectric conveyor ⁇ liquid target material is supplied to the nozzle or Tropfchenkanone and from this dispensed in the form of a liquid jet or in the form of drops 65 and injected into the vacuum chamber 62.
- the irradiation device 64 comprises a radiation source (for example a laser or another source of high-energy radiation, such as a source for X-ray radiation or particle radiation) and an irradiation optics with which radiation from the radiation source can be focused on the target material 65.
- a radiation source for example a laser or another source of high-energy radiation, such as a source for X-ray radiation or particle radiation
- an irradiation optics with which radiation from the radiation source can be focused on the target material 65.
- an ion or electron source can be provided in chamber 62.
- the vacuum chamber 62 comprises a recipient with a chamber wall 67 which has at least one first window through which the target material 65 can be irradiated and at least one second window through which the generated X-ray radiation emerges.
- the second window made of a window material transparent to soft X-rays, e.g. B. made of beryllium is optionally provided to decouple the X-rays from the vacuum chamber 62 for a specific application.
- the vacuum chamber 62 is also connected to a vacuum pump 66, with which a negative pressure is generated in the chamber 62. This negative pressure is preferably below 10 "5 mbar.
- an evacuable processing chamber can be connected, which is connected to a further vacuum device (not shown). In the processing chamber, the X-ray radiation for material processing can be imaged on an object
- An X-ray lithography device is provided, for example, with which the surface of a semiconductor substrate is irradiated.
- a jet or drop of the target material 65 is generated with the liquid source 61.
- the diameter of the jet or drop is e.g. 3 ⁇ m to 0.1 mm.
- the distance that the target material 65 travels in a vacuum is typically in the mm to c range, e.g. B. 1 mm to 10 cm, in particular 2 mm to 1 cm.
- a drop sequence of 10 2 to 10 5 drops per second is generated, for example. Alternatively, lower drop frequencies can be set.
- the drops 65 are irradiated with the irradiation device in a manner known per se. The radiation is focused with such an intensity that the target material is converted into a plasma state in which the emission of soft X-rays occurs.
- the nozzle of the liquid source 61 and / or the trap 63 are preferably arranged to be adjustable in order to optimize the mutual alignment. In the embodiment shown, however, the trap is inserted into the wall 67 of the recipient (see FIG. 4). Alternatively, the trap can be placed in the recipient.
- An adjustment device 68 can be provided for mutual alignment of the liquid source 61 and the trap 63.
- the adjusting device 68 is based, for example, on a scattered light measurement in that a laser beam is directed from the nozzle onto the entry element 13 and the scattered light is detected at the entry element 13. When light enters through the entry channel, the scattered light is less than when it strikes an edge of the entry element 13.
- the adjusting device 68 can be based on a mechanical-geometric measuring principle.
- FIG. 4 shows part of a vacuum device in which the liquid trap is inserted as a module in a wall 67 of the vacuum chamber 61.
- the wall of the liquid trap 63 through the wall 14 of the Liquid container 11, part of the recipient wall 67 and the inlet element 13 are formed.
- the entry element 13 is constructed, for example, in accordance with FIG. 2.
- the liquid container 11 is connected to the recipient wall 67 in a vacuum-tight manner via a screw connection 68.
- the liquid container 11 can form a bottle with the inlet element 13, which can be fixed in a vacuum-tight manner in a corresponding version in the recipient wall.
- the design according to FIG. 4 has the particular advantage that the liquid container 11 can be exchanged even under vacuum conditions.
- the vacuum in the vacuum chamber 61 is hardly impaired, even at atmospheric pressure in the liquid container 11, because of the small diameter of the inlet channel.
- the liquid trap according to the invention advantageously enables continuous recovery of the liquid from the vacuum chamber. In conventional systems, e.g. B. Cryogenic traps, the liquid cannot be recovered without interrupting vacuum operation. Downtimes of several hours, as occur in conventional vacuum systems, can be avoided with the liquid trap according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10242622 | 2002-09-13 | ||
| DE10242622A DE10242622A1 (de) | 2002-09-13 | 2002-09-13 | Flüssigkeitsfalle zum Auffangen von Flüssigkeiten in einer Vakuumeinrichtung |
| PCT/EP2003/010164 WO2004028219A1 (de) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-09-12 | Flüssigkeitsfalle zum auffangen von flüssigkeiten in einer vakuumeinrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1537765A1 true EP1537765A1 (de) | 2005-06-08 |
Family
ID=31969122
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03797299A Withdrawn EP1537765A1 (de) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-09-12 | Flüssigkeitsfalle zum auffangen von flüssigkeiten in einer vakuumeinrichtung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070158540A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1537765A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10242622A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004028219A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004022950A1 (de) * | 2004-05-10 | 2005-12-08 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Manipulation und Analyse tropfenförmiger Proben im Vakuum |
| CN103163011B (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种真空液体冷冻进样装置 |
| DE102014006063A1 (de) | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-29 | Microliquids GmbH | Strahlerzeugungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeitsstrahls |
| US9754773B1 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2017-09-05 | Thermo Finnigan Llc | Internal solvent trap with drain |
| US11272607B2 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2022-03-08 | Kla Corporation | Laser produced plasma illuminator with low atomic number cryogenic target |
| US11259394B2 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2022-02-22 | Kla Corporation | Laser produced plasma illuminator with liquid sheet jet target |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4383171A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1983-05-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Particle analyzing method and apparatus |
| US5175433A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1992-12-29 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Monodisperse aerosol generator for use with infrared spectrometry |
| GB8901975D0 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1989-03-22 | Vg Instr Group | Plasma mass spectrometer |
| US5352892A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1994-10-04 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Atmospheric pressure ion interface for a mass analyzer |
| US5577091A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1996-11-19 | University Of Central Florida | Water laser plasma x-ray point sources |
| US5459771A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-10-17 | University Of Central Florida | Water laser plasma x-ray point source and apparatus |
| JP3355376B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-27 | 2002-12-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 質量分析装置、スキマ−コ−ン組立体及びスキマ−コ−ン |
| US6324255B1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2001-11-27 | Nikon Technologies, Inc. | X-ray irradiation apparatus and x-ray exposure apparatus |
| US6377651B1 (en) * | 1999-10-11 | 2002-04-23 | University Of Central Florida | Laser plasma source for extreme ultraviolet lithography using a water droplet target |
-
2002
- 2002-09-13 DE DE10242622A patent/DE10242622A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-09-12 EP EP03797299A patent/EP1537765A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-09-12 US US10/527,676 patent/US20070158540A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-12 WO PCT/EP2003/010164 patent/WO2004028219A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004028219A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070158540A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
| DE10242622A1 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
| WO2004028219A1 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
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