EP1533049A1 - Vorrichtung zur Reinigung durch Detonation - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Reinigung durch Detonation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1533049A1
EP1533049A1 EP04257176A EP04257176A EP1533049A1 EP 1533049 A1 EP1533049 A1 EP 1533049A1 EP 04257176 A EP04257176 A EP 04257176A EP 04257176 A EP04257176 A EP 04257176A EP 1533049 A1 EP1533049 A1 EP 1533049A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conduit
segments
segment
internal cross
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04257176A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
James R. Hochstein, Jr.
Scott A. Flatness
Michael J. Aarnio
Thomas R.A. Bussing
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Technologies Corp
Original Assignee
United Technologies Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/718,730 external-priority patent/US7011047B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/733,889 external-priority patent/US20050125933A1/en
Application filed by United Technologies Corp filed Critical United Technologies Corp
Publication of EP1533049A1 publication Critical patent/EP1533049A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0007—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by explosions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D25/00—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag
    • F27D25/006—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag using explosives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G15/00—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G15/00—Details
    • F28G15/02—Supports for cleaning appliances, e.g. frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
    • F28G7/005—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves by explosions or detonations; by pressure waves generated by combustion processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to industrial equipment. More particularly, the invention relates to the detonative cleaning of industrial equipment.
  • Such equipment includes furnaces (coal, oil, waste, etc.), boilers, gasifiers, reactors, heat exchangers, and the like.
  • the equipment involves a vessel containing internal heat transfer surfaces that are subjected to fouling by accumulating particulate such as soot, ash, minerals and other products and byproducts of combustion, more integrated buildup such as slag and/or fouling, and the like.
  • particulate build-up may progressively interfere with plant operation, reducing efficiency and throughput and potentially causing damage.
  • Cleaning of the equipment is therefore highly desirable and is attended by a number of relevant considerations. Often direct access to the fouled surfaces is difficult.
  • a vessel wall separates a vessel exterior from a vessel interior and has a wall aperture.
  • the apparatus includes a source of fuel and oxidizer and an igniter for initiating a reaction of the fuel and oxidizer.
  • An elongate conduit has first and second ends and is positioned to direct a gas flow of the reacted or reacting fuel and oxidizer through the wall aperture and discharge from the second end.
  • the conduit includes a number of segments secured end-to-end.
  • At least three of the conduit segments have lengths along a gas flowpath of 1-3m and characteristic internal cross-sectional areas of 0.006-0.3m 2 .
  • At least three of the segments may each include a tubular body having first and second ends and first and second bolting flanges respectively proximate the first and second ends.
  • a nozzle assembly may extend at least partially through the vessel wall.
  • At least one of the segments may be an elbow.
  • the conduit may consist essentially of three portions: an essentially straight first portion; an essentially straight second portion upstream of the first portion; and a third non-straight portion between the first and second portions.
  • the second and third portions may have essentially similar internal cross-sections.
  • the first portion may include downstream, upstream, and transition portions.
  • the downstream portion internal cross-section may be essentially similar to that of the second and third portions.
  • the upstream portion internal cross-section may be smaller than that of the downstream portion.
  • the transition portion internal cross-section may transition from essentially similar to that of the upstream portion to essentially similar to that of the downstream portion.
  • the first and second portions may be parallel and offset.
  • the first and second portions may be oriented at a non-zero angle (e.g., 20°-160°) to each other.
  • Another aspect of the invention involves a method for configuring a detonative cleaning apparatus for cleaning surfaces within a vessel.
  • a suitable combustion conduit cross-sectional area is determined.
  • a suitable combustion conduit length is determined.
  • An appropriate path for the combustion conduit is determined in view of environmental considerations.
  • An appropriate combination of conduit segments for forming the combustion conduit is determined so as to be routed along the appropriate path.
  • the segments may be selected from a number of pre-established conduit segment configurations.
  • the segments may include at least one straight segment and at least one curved segment. At least some of the segments may each have a tubular body with first and second ends and first and second attachment flanges proximate the first and second ends.
  • An appropriate predetonator configuration may be determined. Drawings of the so-configured apparatus may be made and the so-configured apparatus may be assembled.
  • FIG. 1 shows a furnace 20 having an exemplary three associated soot blowers 22.
  • the furnace vessel is formed as a right parallelepiped and the soot blowers are all associated with a single common wall 24 of the vessel and are positioned at like height along the wall.
  • Other configurations are possible (e.g., a single soot blower, one or more soot blowers on each of multiple levels, and the like).
  • Each soot blower 22 includes an elongate combustion conduit 26 extending from an upstream distal end 28 away from the furnace wall 24 to a downstream proximal end 30 closely associated with the wall 24.
  • the end 30 may be well within the furnace.
  • combustion of a fuel/oxidizer mixture within the conduit 26 is initiated proximate the upstream end (e.g., within an upstreammost 10% of a conduit length) to produce a detonation wave which is expelled from the downstream end as a shock wave along with associated combustion gases for cleaning surfaces within the interior volume of the furnace.
  • Each soot blower may be associated with a fuel/oxidizer source 32.
  • An exemplary source includes a liquified or compressed gaseous fuel cylinder 34 and an oxygen cylinder 36 in respective containment structures 38 and 40.
  • the oxidizer is a first oxidizer such as essentially pure oxygen.
  • a second oxidizer may be in the form of shop air delivered from a central air source 42.
  • air is stored in an air accumulator 44.
  • Fuel, expanded from that in the cylinder 34 is generally stored in a fuel accumulator 46.
  • Each exemplary source 32 is coupled to the associated conduit 26 by appropriate plumbing below.
  • each soot blower includes a spark box 50 for initiating combustion of the fuel oxidizer mixture and which, along with the source 32, is controlled by a control and monitoring system (not shown).
  • FIG. 1 further shows the wall 24 as including a number of ports for inspection and/or measurement. Exemplary ports include an optical monitoring port 54 and a temperature monitoring port 56 associated with each soot blower 22 for respectively receiving an infrared and/or visible light video camera and thermocouple probe for viewing the surfaces to be cleaned and monitoring internal temperatures. Other probes/monitoring/sampling may be utilized, including pressure monitoring, composition sampling, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows further details of an exemplary soot blower 22.
  • the exemplary detonation conduit 26 is formed with a main body portion formed by a series of doubly flanged conduit sections or segments 60 arrayed from upstream to downstream and a downstream nozzle conduit section or segment 62 having a downstream portion 64 extending through an aperture 66 in the wall and ending in the downstream end or outlet 30 exposed to the furnace interior 68.
  • the term nozzle is used broadly and does not require the presence of any aerodynamic contraction, expansion, or combination thereof.
  • Exemplary conduit segment material is metallic (e.g., stainless steel).
  • the outlet 30 may be located further within the furnace if appropriate support and cooling are provided.
  • FIG. 2 further shows furnace interior tube bundles 70, the exterior surfaces of which are subject to fouling.
  • each of the conduit segments 60 is supported on an associated trolley 72, the wheels of which engage a track system 74 along the facility floor 76.
  • the exemplary track system includes a pair of parallel rails engaging concave peripheral surfaces of the trolley wheels.
  • the exemplary segments 60 are of similar length L, and are bolted end-to-end by associated arrays of bolts in the bolt holes of their respective flanges. Similarly, the downstream flange of the downstreammost of the segments 60 is bolted to the upstream flange of the nozzle 62.
  • a reaction strap 80 (e.g., cotton or thermally/structurally robust synthetic) in series with one or more metal coil reaction springs 82 is coupled to this last mated flange pair and connects the combustion conduit to an environmental structure such as the furnace wall for resiliently absorbing reaction forces associated with discharging of the soot blower and ensuring correct placement of the combustion conduit for subsequent firings.
  • additional damping (not shown) may be provided.
  • the reaction strap/spring combination may be formed as a single length or a loop. In the exemplary embodiment, this combined downstream section has an overall length L 2 .
  • Alternative resilient recoil absorbing means may include non-metal or non-coil springs or rubber or other elastomeric elements advantageously at least partially elastically deformed in tension, compression, and/or shear, pneumatic recoil absorbers, and the like.
  • the predetonator conduit segment 84 Extending downstream from the upstream end 28 is a predetonator conduit section/segment 84 which also may be doubly flanged and has a length L 3 .
  • the predetonator conduit segment 84 has a characteristic internal cross-sectional area (transverse to an axis/centerline 500 of the conduit) which is smaller than a characteristic internal cross-sectional area (e.g., mean, median, mode, or the like) of the downstream portion (60, 62) of the combustion conduit.
  • the predetonator cross-sectional area is a characterized by a diameter of between 8 cm and 12 cm whereas the downstream portion is characterized by a diameter of between 20 cm and 40 cm.
  • exemplary cross-sectional area ratios of the downstream portion to the predetonator segment are between 1:1 and 10:1, more narrowly, 2:1 and 10:1.
  • An overall length L between ends 28 and 30 may be 1-15 m, more narrowly, 5-15 m.
  • a transition conduit segment 86 extends between the predetonator segment 84 and the upstreammost segment 60.
  • the segment 86 has upstream and downstream flanges sized to mate with the respective flanges of the segments 84 and 60 has an interior surface which provides a smooth transition between the internal cross-sections thereof.
  • the exemplary segment 86 has a length L 4 .
  • An exemplary half angle of divergence of the interior surface of segment 86 is ⁇ 12°, more narrowly 5-10°.
  • a fuel/oxidizer charge may be introduced to the detonation conduit interior in a variety of ways. There may be one or more distinct fuel/oxidizer mixtures. Such mixture(s) may be premixed external to the detonation conduit, or may be mixed at or subsequent to introduction to the conduit.
  • FIG. 3 shows the segments 84 and 86 configured for distinct introduction of two distinct fuel/oxidizer combinations: a predetonator combination; and a main combination.
  • a pair of predetonator fuel injection conduits 90 are coupled to ports 92 in the segment wall which define fuel injection ports.
  • a pair of predetonator oxidizer conduits 94 are coupled to oxidizer inlet ports 96.
  • these ports are in the upstream half of the length of the segment 84.
  • each of the fuel injection ports 92 is paired with an associated one of the oxidizer ports 96 at even axial position and at an angle (exemplary 90° shown, although other angles including 180° are possible) to provide opposed jet mixing of fuel and oxidizer.
  • a purge gas conduit 98 is similarly connected to a purge gas port 100 yet further upstream.
  • An end plate 102 bolted to the upstream flange of the segment 84 seals the upstream end of the combustion conduit and passes through an igniter/initiator 106 (e.g., a spark plug) having an operative end 108 in the interior of the segment 84.
  • an igniter/initiator 106 e.g., a spark plug
  • main fuel and oxidizer are introduced to the segment 86.
  • main fuel is carried by a number of main fuel conduits 112 and main oxidizer is carried by a number of main oxidizer conduits 110, each of which has terminal portions concentrically surrounding an associated one of the fuel conduits 112 so as to mix the main fuel and oxidizer at an associated inlet 114.
  • the fuels are hydrocarbons.
  • both fuels are the same, drawn from a single fuel source but mixed with distinct oxidizers: essentially pure oxygen for the predetonator mixture; and air for the main mixture.
  • Exemplary fuels useful in such a situation are propane, MAPP gas, or mixtures thereof.
  • ethylene and liquid fuels e.g., diesel, kerosene, and jet aviation fuels.
  • the oxidizers can include mixtures such as air/oxygen mixtures of appropriate ratios to achieve desired main and/or predetonator charge chemistries.
  • monopropellant fuels having molecularly combined fuel and oxidizer components may be options.
  • the combustion conduit is initially empty except for the presence of air (or other purge gas).
  • the predetonator fuel and oxidizer are then introduced through the associated ports filling the segment 84 and extending partially into the segment 86 (e.g., to near the midpoint) and advantageously just beyond the main fuel/oxidizer ports.
  • the predetonator fuel and oxidizer flows are then shut off.
  • An exemplary volume filled the predetonator fuel and oxidizer is 1-40%, more narrowly 1-20%, of the combustion conduit volume.
  • the main fuel and oxidizer are then introduced, to substantially fill some fraction (e.g., 20-100%) of the remaining volume of the combustor conduit.
  • the main fuel and oxidizer flows are then shut off.
  • the spark box is triggered to provide a spark discharge of the initiator igniting the predetonator charge.
  • the predetonator charge being selected for very fast combustion chemistry, the initial deflagration quickly transitions to a detonation within the segment 84 and producing a detonation wave. Once such a detonation wave occurs, it is effective to pass through the main charge which might, otherwise, have sufficiently slow chemistry to not detonate within the conduit of its own accord.
  • the wave passes longitudinally downstream and emerges from the downstream end 30 as a shock wave within the furnace interior, impinging upon the surfaces to be cleaned and thermally and mechanically shocking to typically at least loosen the contamination.
  • a purge gas e.g., air from the same source providing the main oxidizer and/or nitrogen
  • a baseline flow of the purge gas may be maintained between charge/discharge cycles so as to prevent gas and particulate from the furnace interior from infiltrating upstream and to assist in cooling of the detonation conduit.
  • internal surface enhancements may substantially increase internal surface area beyond that provided by the nominally cylindrical and frustoconical segment interior surfaces.
  • the enhancement may be effective to assist in the deflagration-to-detonation transition or in the maintenance of the detonation wave.
  • FIG. 4 shows internal surface enhancements applied to the interior of one of the main segments 60.
  • the exemplary enhancement is nominally a Chin spiral, although other enhancements such as Shchelkin spirals and Smirnov cavities may be utilized.
  • the spiral is formed by a helical member 120.
  • the exemplary member 120 is formed as a circular-sectioned metallic element (e.g., stainless steel wire) of approximately 8-20mm in sectional diameter. Other sections may alternatively be used.
  • the exemplary member 120 is held spaced-apart from the segment interior surface by a plurality of longitudinal elements 122.
  • the exemplary longitudinal elements are rods of similar section and material to the member 120 and welded thereto and to the interior surface of the associated segment 60.
  • Such enhancements may also be utilized to provide predetonation in lieu of or in addition to the foregoing techniques involving different charges and different combustor cross-sections.
  • the apparatus may be used in a wide variety of applications.
  • the apparatus may be applied to: the pendants or secondary superheaters, the convective pass (primary superheaters and the economizer bundles); air preheaters; selective catalyst removers (SCR) scrubbers; the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; economizer hoppers; ash or other heat/accumulations whether on heat transfer surfaces or elsewhere, and the like.
  • SCR selective catalyst removers
  • economizer hoppers ash or other heat/accumulations whether on heat transfer surfaces or elsewhere, and the like.
  • FIG. 6 shows further details of the exemplary trolley 72 and track system 74.
  • the exemplary track system comprises a pair of parallel vertex-up right angle channel elements 140 (e.g., of steel) secured such as by welding to mounting plates 142.
  • the mounting plates are, in turn, secured to the floor 76 such as via bolts (not shown) in bolt holes 144.
  • the exemplary trolley includes a structural frame 150 having a pair of left and right longitudinal members 152 and fore and aft crossmembers 154. At the left and right sides of each crossmember, a wheel 156 is mounted on a depending bracket 158.
  • the wheel periphery has a concavity (e.g., a right-angle V-groove 160) receiving the vertex of the right angle channel elements 140.
  • the exemplary trolley has means for supporting the associated conduit segment and means for securing the segment in place.
  • the exemplary support means include a pair of fore and aft tube/pipe clamps 170 each positioned and supported by nuts 172 on associated left and right threaded shafts 174 secured at their lower ends to the frame.
  • the clamps 170 have a concave surface 176 complementary to the exterior body surface of the associated conduit segment to support the segment from below.
  • the securing means comprises similar top brackets 180 also mounted to the shafts 174 and held downward in place in compressive engagement with the segment via nuts 182.
  • the individual segments may be preassembled to their associated trolleys and rolled into place along the track system, whereupon the segments may be secured to each other via their end flanges. Disassembly may be by a reverse of this process.
  • the trolleys may also allow the combustion conduit to be moved as a unit (e.g., if it is desired that the downstream portion of the conduit not be inserted into the furnace all the time). Additionally, as noted above, the trolleys may accommodate movement as a unit associated with longitudinal thermal expansion and/or with recoil during discharge cycles while maintaining conduit segment alignment.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternate system 200 wherein the combustion conduit 202 is suspended from brackets 204 (e.g., as part of a free-standing support structure or secured to a ceiling or roof 206 of the facility).
  • brackets 204 e.g., as part of a free-standing support structure or secured to a ceiling or roof 206 of the facility.
  • the exemplary system 200 navigates the conduit 202 around environmental obstacles external to the furnace. Exemplary obstacles include upper and lower tube bundles 210 and 212 between which the conduit passes.
  • the conduit is circuitous to permit positioning of its outlet 214 in a position on the furnace wall aligned with one of the two bundles. In such a situation, a straight conduit would be interfered with by the bundles. Accordingly, the conduit is provided with one or more curved sections 216 to accommodate the bundles.
  • the exemplary support system includes an upstream and an intermediate spring hanger 220 and 222 coupled to associated conduit segments by turnbuckle systems 224 and 226.
  • Exemplary spring hangers are available from LISEGA, Inc., Newport, Tennessee.
  • the spring hanger 222 may have substantially higher capacity due to a higher static load at that location.
  • the particular combination of hanger sizings may be influenced by the relative locations of the hangers along the conduit in view of mass parameters of the conduit (e.g., center of gravity, mass distribution, and the like), strength parameters of the conduit (e.g., various modulus), and the location of any additional support.
  • the exemplary spring hangers serve as essentially constant-load hangers, with supportive tensile force essentially constant over an operating range.
  • One function of the vertical compliance afforded by the hangers is to accommodate thermally-associated changes in the vertical position of the outlet 214 relative to the ceiling surface 206 or other combustion conduit support structure. For example, thermal expansion of the furnace wall may cause a change in outlet vertical position between hot and cold (e.g., running and off) furnace conditions. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, such expansion is addressed by non rigid vertical coupling of the conduit and wall with sufficient vertical play for the conduit within the oversized wall aperture.
  • the hangers With rigid mounting, however, if furnace heating raises the conduit outlet height, in the absence of the constant force hangers, a greater fraction of the conduit mass would be carried by the furnace wall and a lesser fraction by the upstream supports. This would be associated with shear/bending forces/moments and associated deformations.
  • the spring hangers will tend to contract, raising the segment(s) to which they are attached to so that the mass supported by the furnace wall does not substantially increase and thus to at least partially, and advantageously in major part, relieve/prevent stresses that otherwise would be associated with the outlet elevation increase. the hangers may, therefore maintain an essentially constant orientation of the conduit (e.g., maintaining its upstream major portion in an essentially horizontal orientation).
  • a support structure 240 external to the combustion conduit further reinforces the associated assembled segments. Such reinforcement advantageously handles structural stresses associated with shock reflections occurring within the curved segments.
  • the structure further rigidly ties downstream portions of the conduit to the furnace wall.
  • the turnbuckle 226 is connected via its lower threaded rod to a fixture 242 secured to the upstream end of the support structure and having snubbers 244 to accommodate and dampen side-to-side motion of the conduit which may arise from the combustion process.
  • the rigid connection of the support structure to the furnace wall absorbs the recoil forces, essentially preventing recoil.
  • the support structure 240 is directly mated to several of the doubly flanged conduit segments and connects such segments to the wall 215 via a discharge valve assembly 250 and exemplary preexisting horizontal structural furnace I-beams 252 and 254 above and below the valve assembly 250.
  • extension beams 256 and 258 are welded to outboard flanges of the respective beams 252 and 254.
  • Exemplary beams 256 and 258 are T-beams, although I-beams may also be used.
  • the combustion conduit Downstream, the combustion conduit includes a nozzle portion 268 extending through an access conduit 270 and access valve 272 of the assembly 250.
  • the access conduit 270, the access valve 272, and wall mounting plate (not shown) provide an access assembly.
  • the access valve 272 has a body with a downstream face mounted to an upstream flange of the conduit 270.
  • the nozzle 268 is secured to and extends downstream from the body of a second valve or conduit valve 274 (FIG. 8). That body has a downstream face mounted to the upstream face of the body of the access valve 272.
  • the valves 272 and 274 have respective slider or gate elements 276 and 278 which may be translated between open and closed positions.
  • a downstream 45° curved elbow 280 has a downstream flange mounted to the upstream face of the body of the conduit valve 274 and an upstream flange mounted to a downstream flange of a straight conduit segment 282.
  • the upstream flange of the segment 282 is mounted to the downstream flange of a second 45° elbow 284.
  • the upstream flange of the elbow 284 is secured to the downstream flange of a downstreammost segment 286 of a major upstream straight portion of the combustion conduit.
  • the exemplary mounting sandwiches a brace interface plate 288 between these two flanges.
  • the upstream flange of the segment 286 is mounted to the downstream flange of a penultimate segment 290 of the straight portion with further segments similarly mounted in series thereahead.
  • the exemplary support structure 240 includes a pair of left and right diagonally-extending downstream braces 300 having downstream ends connected by mounting brackets 302 to the upstream face of the body of the valve 274 and downstream ends connected by mounting brackets 304 to the downstream face of the plate 288. Positioned end-to-end with the braces 300 are left and right longitudinal braces 306 having downstream ends connected via brackets 308 to the upstream face of the plate 288.
  • the exemplary braces are U-sectioned with inboard vertical webs and transverse flanges. Just inboard of upstream and downstream flanges of the segments 286 and 290, the braces 306 are secured to each other by split clamps 310 which compressively engage the adjacent conduit segment bodies.
  • an additional structural rib 312 is welded to each brace 306 along the downstream half thereof, aligned with and extending upward from the web thereof above the upper flange thereof.
  • the braces help rigidify and strengthen the assembled segments 280, 282, 284, 286, and 290. These braced segments may be vertically supported and restrained against horizontal movement.
  • the hanger 222 (FIG. 7) is just upstream of the upstream end of the braces 306.
  • An additional hanger is provided by a downstream turnbuckle 320 near the downstream end of the braces 300.
  • the turnbuckle 320 has an upper threaded rod connected to a pivot 322 welded to the underside of the flange of the beam 252 and a lower threaded rod connected to a pivot 324 on a clamp on the body of the segment 280 near the downstream end thereof.
  • first and second horizontal turnbuckles 328 and 330 essentially respectively restrain the braced segments against downstream and upstream movement.
  • the first turnbuckles 328 span between a downstream end portion of the associated brace 300 and the vertical beam 260 upstream thereof and the second turnbuckles 330 span between the plate 288 and the beam 260 downstream thereof.
  • the assembly 250 is rigidly positioned relative to the wall 215. In such a situation, little compliance is needed near the downstream end of the conduit and thus the exemplary turnbuckle 320 is not associated with a spring hanger. Similarly, a lack of compliance is associated with the turnbuckles 328 and 330.
  • the discharge/outlet end of the conduit may not be rigidly positioned (e.g., may have a degree of float relative to an aperture in the wall). In such a situation, more compliant vertical and horizontal mounting may be provided, the latter optionally including resilient recoil absorbing means.
  • the second valve is installed to the access valve.
  • the downstream elbow 280 may then be secured to the upstream face of the body of the conduit valve 274.
  • the turnbuckle 320 may be installed.
  • the straight segment 282 may be installed to the downstream elbow 280 and the upstream elbow 284 installed to the straight segment 282.
  • the interface plate 288 may be installed to the upstream flange of the elbow 284.
  • the mounting brackets 302 and 304 and associated downstream braces 300 may then be installed followed by the turnbuckles 328 and 330.
  • the downstreammost two segments 286 and 290 of the main straight conduit section may sequentially be assembled and the associated clamps 310 installed thereto.
  • the braces 306 may be installed to the clamps and to the brackets 308, in turn, installed to the interface plate 288.
  • these segments, clamps, braces and brackets may be assembled as a unit and then installed as a unit to the adapter plate 288 and elbow 284.
  • the downstream hanger assembly 222 may be installed along with the fixture 242 and snubbers 244.
  • the remaining upstream full diameter conduit segments may be installed along with the upstream hanger assembly 220.
  • the predetonator and transition conduits may then be installed followed by gas lines, controls, instrumentation, and the like.
  • FIG. 9 shows a combustion conduit 350 extending from an upstream end 351 to a downstream end/outlet 352.
  • the exemplary conduit 350 is configured for use in a situation wherein proximity between an obstacle such as a building wall 354 and the furnace wall 356 at the aperture 358 is too small to permit a completely straight combustion conduit of a desired length.
  • the exemplary combustion conduit 350 has a single right angle bend formed by a doubly flanged 90° conduit elbow segment 360.
  • the general configuration of the combustion conduit 350 may be similar to the foregoing combustion conduits (e.g., those of FIG. 1).
  • the conduit is assembled by bolting conduit segments end-to-end.
  • From upstream to downstream exemplary segments include a small diameter predetonator segment 362, a transition segment 363 having a diameter transition from the small diameter of the predetonator segment to a larger downstream diameter of remaining segments, four full diameter segments 364, the elbow 360, and the singly-flanged nozzle 366.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show an exemplary conduit 380 which has both a change in height to accommodate an obstacle such as the tube pack of FIGS. 7 and 8 and a bend to accommodate a wall or other obstacle 382.
  • the conduit 380 extends from an upstream end 383 to a downstream end/outlet 384 at the aperture in the furnace wall 386.
  • the conduit includes a small diameter predetonator segment 388, a transition segment 390, a first full diameter straight segment 400, a 90° elbow 402, a second full diameter straight segment 404, a first 45° elbow 406, a third full diameter straight segment 408, a second 45° elbow 410, and a singly-flanged nozzle 412.
  • the segments may be similarly formed to corresponding segments of the foregoing conduits.
  • FIG. 12 shows representative conduit segments from a kit.
  • the exemplary kit includes a small diameter doubly flanged predetonator segment 430.
  • the upstream flange of this segment may have an end plate 432 accommodating the igniter and/or inlets for one or more of the fuel and/or oxidizer components.
  • the kit may further include a doubly-flanged transition segment 434.
  • the kit may further include doubly flanged full diameter conduit segments of a variety of different lengths (four different length segments 436, 438, 440, and 442 being shown). There may be multiple instances of any to all of these length segments.
  • FIG. 12 further shows exemplary doubly-flanged full diameter 45° and 90° elbow segments 444 and 446. Again there may be multiple of each elbow segment.
  • elbow segments may, also, be elbow segments of different angular span.
  • outlet/nozzle conduits of different lengths (relatively short and long lengths 448 and 450 being shown).
  • the different lengths of outlet conduit may accommodate one or both of different vessel wall thickness and general length from the penultimate segment (last doubly flanged segment) to the outlet. This latter factor may alternatively be addressed by the use of a different penultimate segment or segment combination with a single length of outlet conduit.
  • conduit cross-section it may be appropriate or necessary to have additional changes in conduit cross-section.
  • navigating such obstacles may be associated with a change in the cross-sectional shape with general preservation of cross-sectional area.
  • a circular section could transition to an elongate rectangular section of similar area to get between relatively close obstacles.
  • the transition segments could transition in cross-sectional shape.
  • one or more of the segments are entirely within the vessel (including segments which may navigate internal obstacles in similar fashion to the aforementioned navigation of external obstacles).
  • the exemplary kit may contain only the segments needed for a particular combustion conduit or group of combustion conduits at a facility. Such conduits may be engineered in advance and the appropriate combinations chosen to achieve desired conduit length in view of the obstacles and other constraints.
  • the other constraints may include the location of entry of the conduit to the furnace, the angle of entry at that location, and the desired location of the upstream end of the conduit. For example, it may be desirable to relatively closely locate the upstream ends of several conduits for control economy. Alternatively, however, a certain amount of the engineering may be performed on-site. In such a situation, the kit could include extra components of various sizes to permit the on-site selection of configuration options and permit experimental on-site optimization.
  • kits may include other aforementioned components such as bolts for securing the segments together, braces, hangers, trolleys and associated hardware, reaction straps/springs, fuel/oxidizer/purge gas equipment and plumbing, control and monitoring hardware, gaskets, and the like. Additionally, the kit might include thermal isolation flanges, air curtain flanges, and cooled nozzle components. Furthermore, the kit may include access apparatus.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP04257176A 2003-11-20 2004-11-19 Vorrichtung zur Reinigung durch Detonation Withdrawn EP1533049A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US718730 2003-11-20
US10/718,730 US7011047B2 (en) 2003-11-20 2003-11-20 Detonative cleaning apparatus
US10/733,889 US20050125933A1 (en) 2003-12-11 2003-12-11 Detonative cleaning apparatus
US733889 2003-12-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1533049A1 true EP1533049A1 (de) 2005-05-25

Family

ID=34437430

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04257176A Withdrawn EP1533049A1 (de) 2003-11-20 2004-11-19 Vorrichtung zur Reinigung durch Detonation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1533049A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2005152894A (de)
CN (1) CN1626287A (de)
AU (1) AU2004229046B2 (de)
NZ (1) NZ536698A (de)
RU (1) RU2004133924A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1962046A1 (de) 2007-02-22 2008-08-27 General Electric Company Reinigungsvorrichtung mit einer Verbrennungsanlage, mit gepulster Detonation und Betriebsverfahren dafür
US8651066B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2014-02-18 Bha Altair, Llc Pulse detonation cleaning system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108889746B (zh) * 2018-07-26 2021-04-02 南京溧水高新创业投资管理有限公司 一种柱状垃圾桶的空气爆炸清洗设备和使用方法
JP7359334B2 (ja) * 2021-09-02 2023-10-12 株式会社レゾナック フラーレン製造装置の運転方法、フラーレン製造装置およびフラーレン製造方法
CN114570708B (zh) * 2022-04-02 2022-09-02 广东雷诺精密科技有限公司 一种手表清洁机及手表清洁方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5494004A (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-02-27 Lockheed Corporation On line pulsed detonation/deflagration soot blower
WO1996036417A1 (en) * 1994-05-27 1996-11-21 Seditec Ltd. Shock wave generator

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003320331A (ja) * 2002-04-26 2003-11-11 Jfe Engineering Kk ダスト除去方法及びダスト除去装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996036417A1 (en) * 1994-05-27 1996-11-21 Seditec Ltd. Shock wave generator
US5494004A (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-02-27 Lockheed Corporation On line pulsed detonation/deflagration soot blower

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1962046A1 (de) 2007-02-22 2008-08-27 General Electric Company Reinigungsvorrichtung mit einer Verbrennungsanlage, mit gepulster Detonation und Betriebsverfahren dafür
US8651066B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2014-02-18 Bha Altair, Llc Pulse detonation cleaning system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2004133924A (ru) 2007-04-27
AU2004229046A1 (en) 2005-06-09
JP2005152894A (ja) 2005-06-16
CN1626287A (zh) 2005-06-15
NZ536698A (en) 2006-09-29
AU2004229046B2 (en) 2006-06-22

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