EP1532375A1 - Spherical shell with back film moulding - Google Patents

Spherical shell with back film moulding

Info

Publication number
EP1532375A1
EP1532375A1 EP03790642A EP03790642A EP1532375A1 EP 1532375 A1 EP1532375 A1 EP 1532375A1 EP 03790642 A EP03790642 A EP 03790642A EP 03790642 A EP03790642 A EP 03790642A EP 1532375 A1 EP1532375 A1 EP 1532375A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing shell
film
plastic
ball
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03790642A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frank Budde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
Original Assignee
ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Lemfoerder GmbH filed Critical ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
Publication of EP1532375A1 publication Critical patent/EP1532375A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14336—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D33/00—Producing bushes for bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/12—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements allowing adjustment of the parts about the axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/04—Bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/4971—Nonmetallic bearing element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32713—Elastomerically biased or backed components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32721—Elastomeric seat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bearing shell for a ball joint, in particular for motor vehicles, the method for producing the bearing shell and the ball joint itself according to the features of independent claims 1, 10 and 15.
  • Bearing cups for ball joints are known, for example, from DE 29617276 Ul.
  • DE 29617276 U1 discloses a ball joint overmolded in a 1-component process, in which the bearing shell is injection molded from a single plastic.
  • this construction gives rise to the problem that when a relatively inexpensive plastic is used, it is either tribologically well suited in an unreinforced form, but then does not have sufficient strength, or only has good strength properties if it has fiber reinforcement.
  • the plastic loses its good tribological properties due to the latter.
  • a method for producing a bearing shell for a ball joint is also known from DE 4108219 C2.
  • DE 4108219 C2 describes a two-component process, in which a sliding layer is first applied to a joint ball. In a further step that is particularly suitable for this purpose, a further layer consisting of a fiber mesh is applied to this layer.
  • the double-coated ball pin is then inserted into an assembly device, which is then inserted into the housing of the ball joint.
  • the two-component plastic is injected so that it is embedded in the fiber that lies against the surface of the joint ball and, after cooling, forms a bearing shell in this combination. After the plastic has hardened, the ball joint is removed from the device and supported with a cover.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the considerable assembly effort, which means that the production is time-consuming, expensive and prone to errors.
  • the separate operation required to apply the fiber braid also causes additional costs.
  • the low pressure process is used for the low-flow backing of foils and textile decorations for the aesthetic cladding of molded plastic parts for the interior cladding of vehicles.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bearing shell which, coupled with good strength and creep properties, can be produced simply and inexpensively, together with good tribological properties.
  • the bearing shell according to the invention which can be made in one or more parts, has a reinforced plastic which is encased in the area of the joint ball contact surface by a film.
  • the sheathing advantageously separates the reinforced plastic from direct contact with the joint ball, so that the risk of wear on the joint ball caused by abrasion caused by the fibers or mica added to the reinforcement is reduced. This advantageously results in an increased service life, since protection of the Contact surfaces of the joint ball is realized without having to forego the strength and creep properties favored by the reinforcement.
  • the process for producing the bearing shell according to the invention begins with the insertion of a film into an injection mold. After the tool is closed, the film is back-injected with a plastic, which forms the core of the bearing shell. After the cooling process, a bearing shell is formed which has a film with good tribological properties at least in the area of the contact surface of the joint ball.
  • a plastic which forms the core of the bearing shell.
  • either conventional injection molding or the low pressure process is used.
  • the low-pressure process can be used to manufacture components that are largely free of residual stress and low distortion due to a uniform pressure distribution and comparatively short flow paths. This one-step process proves to be particularly advantageous when processing thermosets. Both conventional injection molding and the low-pressure process can be used to process thermoplastics. Due to the good adhesive properties of thermosets and thermoplastics, the adhesion between film and core is generally not a problem. Film and core adhere to one another without the need for an additional adhesive or further heat treatment.
  • the film and core can advantageously be made from the same base material, thereby reducing the material costs.
  • Thermoplastics often show a tendency to creep under load at high temperatures.
  • the strength values also decrease as the operating temperature increases.
  • the strength and creep properties can be improved by adding fibers, mica, minerals and / or balls in the core of the bearing shell.
  • An individual adjustment to the strength and creep values required according to the load is made possible simply by adding the reinforcing additives to the base material.
  • Thermosets have the property of not creeping under load and have a high temperature resistance. Suitable fillers can also increase strength and reduce thermal expansion.
  • the good tribological properties of the base material and thus also the film used, which is back-injected with the reinforced material prevent abrasive wear on the joint ball of the ball joint, which can result from the friction of additives on the joint ball during operation.
  • the bearing shell has slots in the ceramic area, which enable tolerance compensation of the bearing shell during operation.
  • Another option for tolerance compensation is the installation of a rubber ring below the bearing shell.
  • Figure 1 Cross section through a bottom part of the bearing shell in the tool
  • Figure 2 Exemplary embodiments of a one-piece bottom bracket part
  • Figure 3 Manufacture of a bearing shell upper part with pole cap recess
  • Figure 4 bearing shell upper part with pole cap recess
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a lower part 2 of a multi-part bearing shell located in the tool 1.
  • the bearing shell lower part 2 has a film 3 with good tribological properties, which is back-injected with a core 4 serving for reinforcement.
  • a film 3 is first inserted into the tool 1.
  • the film 3 can be preformed in a previous work step, or the shaping can take place only when the film 3 is inserted through the heated upper part of the tool 1.
  • the tool 1 is closed and the film 3 is back-injected with a plastic 4 used for reinforcement.
  • the corresponding plastic is introduced into the closed tool via the sprue 5. Different processes are used depending on the type of plastic to be processed.
  • the back injection of the film is mainly carried out by a conventional injection molding process
  • the back injection by thermosets is mainly carried out using the low pressure process. Due to the good adhesion properties of the plastics used, additional gluing of the film with the back-molded plastic is not necessary.
  • Figure 2 shows various embodiments of a bearing shell lower part manufactured according to Figure 1.
  • the bottom of the bottom part of the bearing shell can be square 6 or around 7.
  • An outwardly directed circumferential collar 8 can be formed on the lower part of the bearing shell in the upper region of the bearing shell. This serves as a support surface for the upper shell to be put on in a further step.
  • slits in the area of the back injection that is to say in the area of the reinforced plastic, can bring about an additional tolerance compensation.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a tool by means of which it is possible to produce an upper bearing shell part, as also shown in FIG. 4, with a pole cap recess.
  • the special shape of the tool 1 in the form of a projection 9 enables the creation of pole cap recesses 10, into which a ball pin (not shown) is inserted later.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bearing shell for a ball-joint, whereby the bearing shell has a core made from plastic (4), at least partly covered by a film (3).

Description

Folienhinterspritzte Kugelschale Ball-molded spherical shell
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Lagerschale für ein Kugelgelenk insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, das Verfahren zur Herstellung der Lagerschale sowie das Kugelgelenk an sich gemäß den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1, 10 und 15.The present invention relates to a bearing shell for a ball joint, in particular for motor vehicles, the method for producing the bearing shell and the ball joint itself according to the features of independent claims 1, 10 and 15.
Lagerschalen für Kugelgelenke insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge sind zum Beispiel aus der DE 29617276 Ul bekannt. Die DE 29617276 Ul offenbart ein in einem 1 -Komponenten- Verfahren umspritztes Kugelgelenk, bei dem die Lagerschale aus einem einzigen Kunststoff spritzgusstechnisch erzeugt wird. Aus dieser Bauweise ergibt sich in der Praxis das Problem, dass bei Einsatz eines relativ günstigen Kunststoffes dieser entweder in unverstärkter Form tribologisch gut geeignet ist, dann jedoch keine genügende Festigkeit aufweist, oder nur dann gute Festigkeitseigenschaften besitzt, wenn er eine Faserverstärkung aufweist. Durch Letztere büßt der Kunststoff allerdings seine guten tribologischen Eigenschaften ein. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr des erhöhten Verschleißes durch direkten Kontakt und damit begünstigte Abrasion an der Gelenkkugel des Kugellagers durch die zur Verstärkung in den Kunststoff eingefügten Zusätze. Abhilfe könnte ein Werkstoff mit guten mechanischen und gleichzeitig guten tribologischen Werkstoffeigenschaften schaffen, der jedoch nachteilig sehr teuer ist.Bearing cups for ball joints, in particular for motor vehicles, are known, for example, from DE 29617276 Ul. DE 29617276 U1 discloses a ball joint overmolded in a 1-component process, in which the bearing shell is injection molded from a single plastic. In practice, this construction gives rise to the problem that when a relatively inexpensive plastic is used, it is either tribologically well suited in an unreinforced form, but then does not have sufficient strength, or only has good strength properties if it has fiber reinforcement. However, the plastic loses its good tribological properties due to the latter. There is also the risk of increased wear due to direct contact and thus favored abrasion on the joint ball of the ball bearing due to the additives inserted into the plastic for reinforcement. This could be remedied by a material with good mechanical and at the same time good tribological material properties, which, however, is disadvantageously very expensive.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lagerschale für ein Kugelgelenk ist ferner aus der DE 4108219 C2 bekannt. Die DE 4108219 C2 beschreibt ein 2-Komρonenten-Verfahren, bei dem zunächst eine Gleitschicht auf eine Gelenkkugel aufgebracht wird. In einem weiteren besonders dafür geeigneten Arbeitsgang wird auf diese Schicht eine weitere Schicht, bestehend aus einem Fasergeflecht, aufgebracht. Danach wird der so zweifach beschichtete Kugelzapfen in eine Montagevorrichtung eingesetzt, die dann in das Gehäuse des Kugelgelenkes eingesetzt wird. Der Zweikomponenten-Kunststoff wird eingespritzt, so dass dieser das an der Oberfläche der Gelenkkugel anliegende Fasergefiecht in sich einbettet und nach Auskühlung in dieser Kombination eine Lagerschale bildet. Nach dem Aushärten des Kunststoffes wird das Kugelgelenk aus der Vorrichtung entfernt und mit einem Deckel abgestützt. Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist der erhebliche Montageaufwand, wodurch die Herstellung zeitaufwendig, teuer und fehleranfällig ist. Auch der zur Aufbringung des Fasergeflechts notwendige separate Arbeitsgang verursacht zusätzliche Kosten.A method for producing a bearing shell for a ball joint is also known from DE 4108219 C2. DE 4108219 C2 describes a two-component process, in which a sliding layer is first applied to a joint ball. In a further step that is particularly suitable for this purpose, a further layer consisting of a fiber mesh is applied to this layer. The double-coated ball pin is then inserted into an assembly device, which is then inserted into the housing of the ball joint. The two-component plastic is injected so that it is embedded in the fiber that lies against the surface of the joint ball and, after cooling, forms a bearing shell in this combination. After the plastic has hardened, the ball joint is removed from the device and supported with a cover. The disadvantage of this method is the considerable assembly effort, which means that the production is time-consuming, expensive and prone to errors. The separate operation required to apply the fiber braid also causes additional costs.
Das Niederdruckverfahren wird zum fließarmen Hinterfüttern von Folien und Textildekoren zur ästhetischen Verkleidung von Kunststofformteilen für Innenverkleidungen von Fahrzeugen angewendet.The low pressure process is used for the low-flow backing of foils and textile decorations for the aesthetic cladding of molded plastic parts for the interior cladding of vehicles.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Lagerschale bereitzustellen, die bei guten Festigkeits- und Kriecheigenschaften gekoppelt mit guten tribologischen Eigenschaften einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a bearing shell which, coupled with good strength and creep properties, can be produced simply and inexpensively, together with good tribological properties.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einer Lagerschale sowie einem Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 bzw. 10 gelöst.This object is achieved with a bearing shell and a method according to the features of claims 1 and 10, respectively.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lagerschale, welche sowohl ein- als auch mehrteilig ausgeführt sein kann, weist einen verstärkten Kunststoff auf, der im Bereich der Gelenkkugelanlagefläche von einer Folie ummantelt ist. Durch die Ummantelung wird der verstärkte Kunststoff vorteilhaft von einem direkten Kontakt mit der Gelenkkugel getrennt, so dass die Gefahr des Verschleißes, der durch von den zur Verstärkung hinzugegebenen Fasern oder Glimmern hervorgerufenen Abrieb an der Gelenkkugel entstehen kann, verringert wird. Hierdurch ergibt sich vorteilhaft eine erhöhte Lebensdauer, da ein Schutz der Anlagefiächen der Gelenkkugel realisiert wird, ohne dass auf die durch die Verstärkung begünstigten Festigkeits- und Kriecheigenschaften verzichtet werden muss.The bearing shell according to the invention, which can be made in one or more parts, has a reinforced plastic which is encased in the area of the joint ball contact surface by a film. The sheathing advantageously separates the reinforced plastic from direct contact with the joint ball, so that the risk of wear on the joint ball caused by abrasion caused by the fibers or mica added to the reinforcement is reduced. This advantageously results in an increased service life, since protection of the Contact surfaces of the joint ball is realized without having to forego the strength and creep properties favored by the reinforcement.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Lagerschale beginnt mit einem Einlegen einer Folie in ein Spritzgießwerkzeug. Nachdem das Werkzeug geschlossen ist, wird die Folie mit einem Kunststoff hinterspritzt, welcher den Kern der Lagerschale bildet. Nach dem Abkühlvorgang entsteht so eine Lagerschale die zumindest im Bereich der Anlagefläche der Gelenkkugel eine Folie mit guten tribologischen Eigenschaften aufweist. Je nachdem, welcher Kunststoff verarbeitet wird, kommt entweder das herkömmliche Spritzgießen oder das Niederdruckverfahren zum Einsatz. Durch das Niederdruckverfahren lassen sich vorteilhaft weitestgehend eigenspannungsfreie und verzugsarme Bauteile aufgrund einer gleichmäßigen Druckverteilung und vergleichsweise geringer Fließwege herstellen. Besonders vorteilhaft erweist sich dieses einstufige Verfahren bei der Verarbeitung von Duroplasten. Bei der Verarbeitung von Thermoplasten können sowohl das herkömmliche Spritzgießen als auch das Niederdruckverfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Aufgrund der guten Klebeigenschaften von Duroplasten bzw. Thermoplasten stellt die Haftung zwischen Folie und Kern in der Regel kein Problem dar. Folie und Kern haften aneinander, ohne einen zusätzlichen Klebstoff oder eine weitere Wärmebehandlung zu benötigen.The process for producing the bearing shell according to the invention begins with the insertion of a film into an injection mold. After the tool is closed, the film is back-injected with a plastic, which forms the core of the bearing shell. After the cooling process, a bearing shell is formed which has a film with good tribological properties at least in the area of the contact surface of the joint ball. Depending on which plastic is processed, either conventional injection molding or the low pressure process is used. The low-pressure process can be used to manufacture components that are largely free of residual stress and low distortion due to a uniform pressure distribution and comparatively short flow paths. This one-step process proves to be particularly advantageous when processing thermosets. Both conventional injection molding and the low-pressure process can be used to process thermoplastics. Due to the good adhesive properties of thermosets and thermoplastics, the adhesion between film and core is generally not a problem. Film and core adhere to one another without the need for an additional adhesive or further heat treatment.
Folie und Kern können vorteilhaft aus dem gleichen Grundmaterial gefertigt sein, wodurch die Materialkosten gesenkt werden. Thermoplaste zeigen unter Last bei großen Temperaturen häufig Kriechneigung. Auch die Festigkeitswerte sinken bei Zunahme der Betriebstemperatur. Durch Zusätze von Fasern, Glimmern, Mineralen und/oder Kugeln im Kern der Lagerschale können die Festigkeits- und Kriecheigenschaften verbessert werden. Ein individuelles Anpassen an die entsprechend der Belastung geforderten Festigkeits- und Kriechwerte wird einfach durch die Menge der Zumischung der verstärkend wirkenden Zusätze in das Grundmaterial möglich. Duroplaste haben die Eigenschaft, unter Belastung nicht zu kriechen und weisen eine hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit auf. Durch geeignete Füllstoffe kann zudem die Festigkeit gesteigert und die thermische Ausdehnung verringert werden. Die guten tribologischen Eigenschaften des Grundmaterials und damit auch der eingesetzten, mit dem verstärkten Material hinterspritzten Folie vermeiden abrasiven Verschleiß an der Gelenkkugel des Kugelgelenks, der durch Reibung von Zusätzen an der Gelenkkugel im Betrieb entstehen kann.The film and core can advantageously be made from the same base material, thereby reducing the material costs. Thermoplastics often show a tendency to creep under load at high temperatures. The strength values also decrease as the operating temperature increases. The strength and creep properties can be improved by adding fibers, mica, minerals and / or balls in the core of the bearing shell. An individual adjustment to the strength and creep values required according to the load is made possible simply by adding the reinforcing additives to the base material. Thermosets have the property of not creeping under load and have a high temperature resistance. Suitable fillers can also increase strength and reduce thermal expansion. The good tribological properties of the base material and thus also the film used, which is back-injected with the reinforced material, prevent abrasive wear on the joint ball of the ball joint, which can result from the friction of additives on the joint ball during operation.
In einer weiter ausgebildeten Ausführungsform weist die Lagerschale im Kerribereich Schlitze auf, die einen Toleranzausgleich der Lagerschale im Betrieb ermöglichen. Eine weitere Möglichkeit des Toleranzausgleichs bietet die Montage eines Gummirings unterhalb der Lagerschale.In a further developed embodiment, the bearing shell has slots in the ceramic area, which enable tolerance compensation of the bearing shell during operation. Another option for tolerance compensation is the installation of a rubber ring below the bearing shell.
Im folgenden werden mögliche Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstandes anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Possible exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 : Querschnitt durch ein im Werkzeug befindliches Lagerschalenunterteil;Figure 1: Cross section through a bottom part of the bearing shell in the tool;
Figur 2: Ausführungsbeispiele für ein einteiliges Lagerschalenunterteil;Figure 2: Exemplary embodiments of a one-piece bottom bracket part;
Figur 3 : Fertigung eines Lagerschalenoberteils mit Polkappenaussparung;Figure 3: Manufacture of a bearing shell upper part with pole cap recess;
Figur 4: Lagerschalenoberteil mit Polkappenaussparung;Figure 4: bearing shell upper part with pole cap recess;
Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch ein im Werkzeug 1 befindliches Lagerschalenunterteil 2 einer mehrteiligen Lagerschale. Das Lagerschalenunterteil 2 weist eine Folie 3 mit guten tribologischen Eigenschaften auf, die mit einem der Verstärkung dienenden Kern 4 hinterspritzt ist. Zur Herstellung des Lagerschalenunterteils 2 wird zunächst eine Folie 3 in das Werkzeug 1 eingelegt. Dabei kann die Folie 3 in einem vorangehenden Arbeitsschritt vorgeformt sein, oder die Formgebung erst beim Einsetzen der Folie 3 durch das beheizte obere Teil des Werkzeuges 1 erfolgen. Nachdem die Folie 3 in das Werkzeug 1 eingesetzt ist, wird das Werkzeug 1 verschlossen und die Folie 3 durch einen zur Verstärkung dienenden Kunststoff 4 hinterspritzt. Dazu wird der entsprechende Kunststoff über den Anguß 5 in das geschlossene Werkzeug eingeleitet. Je nach Art des zu verarbeitenden Kunststoffes kommen verschiedene Verfahren zum Einsatz. Bei der Verarbeitung von Thermoplasten wird die Hinterspritzung der Folie vorwiegend durch ein herkömmliches Spritzgußverfahren realisiert, die Hinterspritzung durch Duroplaste erfolgt vorwiegend mit dem Niederdruckverfahren. Aufgrund der guten Haftungseigenschaften der eingesetzten Kunststoffe ist ein zusätzliches Verkleben der Folie mit dem hinterspritzten Kunststoff nicht notwendig.FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a lower part 2 of a multi-part bearing shell located in the tool 1. The bearing shell lower part 2 has a film 3 with good tribological properties, which is back-injected with a core 4 serving for reinforcement. To manufacture the bearing shell lower part 2, a film 3 is first inserted into the tool 1. In this case, the film 3 can be preformed in a previous work step, or the shaping can take place only when the film 3 is inserted through the heated upper part of the tool 1. After the film 3 has been inserted into the tool 1, the tool 1 is closed and the film 3 is back-injected with a plastic 4 used for reinforcement. For this purpose, the corresponding plastic is introduced into the closed tool via the sprue 5. Different processes are used depending on the type of plastic to be processed. In the Processing of thermoplastics, the back injection of the film is mainly carried out by a conventional injection molding process, the back injection by thermosets is mainly carried out using the low pressure process. Due to the good adhesion properties of the plastics used, additional gluing of the film with the back-molded plastic is not necessary.
Figur 2 zeigt verschiedene Ausführungsformen eines nach Figur 1 gefertigten Lagerschalenunterteils. Je nach Form des Werkzeuges kann der Boden des Lagerschalenunterteils eckig 6 oder rund 7 ausgeführt sein. An das Lagerschalenunterteil kann im oberen Bereich der Lagerschale ein nach außen gerichteter umlaufender Kragen 8 angeformt sein. Dieser dient als Auflagefläche der in einem weiteren Schritt aufzusetzenden Oberschale. Nicht dargestellt können Schlitze im Bereich der Hinterspritzung, also im Bereich des verstärkten Kunststoffes, einen zusätzlichen Toleranzausgleich hervorrufen. Je nach Anordnung der Schlitze kann es notwendig sein, mehrere Angußpunkte vorzusehen.Figure 2 shows various embodiments of a bearing shell lower part manufactured according to Figure 1. Depending on the shape of the tool, the bottom of the bottom part of the bearing shell can be square 6 or around 7. An outwardly directed circumferential collar 8 can be formed on the lower part of the bearing shell in the upper region of the bearing shell. This serves as a support surface for the upper shell to be put on in a further step. Not shown, slits in the area of the back injection, that is to say in the area of the reinforced plastic, can bring about an additional tolerance compensation. Depending on the arrangement of the slots, it may be necessary to provide several gates.
Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Werkzeuges durch welches es möglich wird, ein Lagerschalenoberteil, wie es auch in Figur 4 dargestellt ist, mit Polkappenaussparung herzustellen. Die spezielle Formgebung des Werkzeuges 1 in Form eines Vorsprunges 9 ermöglicht die Erzeugung von Polkappenaussparungen 10, in die im späteren Verlauf ein nicht dargestellter Kugelzapfen eingesetzt wird.FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a tool by means of which it is possible to produce an upper bearing shell part, as also shown in FIG. 4, with a pole cap recess. The special shape of the tool 1 in the form of a projection 9 enables the creation of pole cap recesses 10, into which a ball pin (not shown) is inserted later.
Nicht dargestellt ist die Herstellung einer einteiligen Lagerschale. Durch entsprechende Ausformung des Werkzeuges mit entsprechender Foliengestaltung ist die Herstellung einer einteiligen Lagerschale auch möglich. BezugszeichenlisteThe production of a one-piece bearing shell is not shown. By forming the tool appropriately with the appropriate foil design, it is also possible to produce a one-piece bearing shell. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Werkzeug Lagerschalenunterteil Folie hinterspritzter Kunststoff Anguß Lagerschalenunterteil mit eckigem Boden Lagerschalenunterteil mit rundem Boden umlaufender Kragen Vorsprung Werkzeug Polkappenaussparung Lagerschalenoberteil Tool bottom bracket part, film, injection-molded plastic, sprue bottom bracket shell with square bottom bottom bracket shell with round bottom, circumferential collar, protrusion tool, polar cap recess, top bracket section

Claims

Folienhinterspritzte KugelschalePatentansprüche Foam-back-molded spherical shell
1. Lagerschale für ein Kugelgelenk, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerschale einen Kern aus Kunststoff (4) aufweist, der von einer Folie (3) zumindest bereichsweise ummantelt ist.1. Bearing shell for a ball and socket joint, characterized in that the bearing shell has a core made of plastic (4) which is at least partially covered by a film (3).
2. Lagerschale nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (3) und der weitere Kunststoff (4) aus dem gleichen Grundmaterial bestehen.2. Bearing shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the film (3) and the further plastic (4) consist of the same basic material.
3. Lagerschale nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerschale mehrteilig ausgeführt ist, wobei mindestens ein Teil einen Kern aus Kunststoff (4) aufweist, der von einer Folie (3) zumindest bereichsweise ummantelt ist.3. Bearing shell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing shell is designed in several parts, at least one part having a core made of plastic (4) which is at least partially covered by a film (3).
4. Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerschale ein Lagerschalenunterteil (2) und ein Lagerschalenoberteil (11) aufweist, wobei das Lagerschalenunterteil (2) und/oder das Lagerschalenoberteil (11) einen Kern aus Kunststoff (4) aufweist, der von einer Folie (3) zumindest bereichsweise ummantelt ist. 4. Bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing shell has a bearing shell lower part (2) and a bearing shell upper part (11), wherein the bearing shell lower part (2) and / or the bearing shell upper part (11) has a core made of plastic (4) which is covered by a film (3) at least in some areas.
5. Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kern (4) zur Verstärkung der Lagerschale Zusätze im Kunststoff insbesondere in Form von Glimmer, Fasern und/oder Kugeln aufweist.5. Bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (4) for reinforcing the bearing shell has additives in the plastic, in particular in the form of mica, fibers and / or balls.
6. Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (3) aus einem unverstärkten Kunststoff mit insbesondere geeigneten tribologischen Zusätzen ist.6. Bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film (3) is made of an unreinforced plastic with particularly suitable tribological additives.
7. Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kunststoff ein Duroplast oder ein Thermoplast ist.7. Bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic is a thermoset or a thermoplastic.
8. Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lagerschalenunterteil (2) und/oder Lagerschalenoberteil (11) toleranzausgleichende Schlitze im Kern (4) aufweist.8. Bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing shell lower part (2) and / or bearing shell upper part (11) has tolerance-compensating slots in the core (4).
9. Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lagerschalenoberteil (11) Aussparungen (10) im Polbereich aufweist.9. bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing shell upper part (11) has recesses (10) in the pole area.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt die Folie (3) in ein Werkzeug (1) eingelegt und in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt mit Kunststoff (4) hinterspritzt wird.10. A method for producing a bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a first method step the film (3) is inserted into a tool (1) and in a second method step is back-injected with plastic (4).
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hinterspritzung (4) durch einen Spritzgußprozeß oder durch ein Niederdmckverarbeitungsverfahren erfolgt.11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the back injection (4) is carried out by an injection molding process or by a low-pressure processing method.
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (3) in einem vorausgehenden Schritt vorgeformt wird. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film (3) is preformed in a previous step.
13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formgebung der Folie (3) durch das Werkzeug (1) erfolgt.13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaping of the film (3) is carried out by the tool (1).
14. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der der Folie (3) formgebende Teil des Werkzeuges (1) beheizt ist.14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (3) of the mold (1) giving shape to the film (3) is heated.
15. Kugelgelenk unter Verwendung der Lagerschale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 15. Ball joint using the bearing shell according to one of the preceding claims.
EP03790642A 2002-08-26 2003-07-17 Spherical shell with back film moulding Withdrawn EP1532375A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10239652 2002-08-26
DE10239652A DE10239652B4 (en) 2002-08-26 2002-08-26 Ball-molded spherical shell
PCT/DE2003/002409 WO2004020848A1 (en) 2002-08-26 2003-07-17 Spherical shell with back film moulding

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EP1532375A1 true EP1532375A1 (en) 2005-05-25

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US (2) US7441978B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1532375A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005536699A (en)
KR (1) KR20050054868A (en)
CN (1) CN1330888C (en)
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WO (1) WO2004020848A1 (en)

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US7441978B2 (en) 2008-10-28
US20040265047A1 (en) 2004-12-30
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CN1639473A (en) 2005-07-13
DE10239652A1 (en) 2004-03-11
CN1330888C (en) 2007-08-08
JP2005536699A (en) 2005-12-02
US20070266563A1 (en) 2007-11-22
WO2004020848A1 (en) 2004-03-11

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