EP1530661A1 - Thermo-structural base on unstable soils - Google Patents
Thermo-structural base on unstable soilsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1530661A1 EP1530661A1 EP03737801A EP03737801A EP1530661A1 EP 1530661 A1 EP1530661 A1 EP 1530661A1 EP 03737801 A EP03737801 A EP 03737801A EP 03737801 A EP03737801 A EP 03737801A EP 1530661 A1 EP1530661 A1 EP 1530661A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- base
- grade
- polymeric resin
- reinforcing material
- reinforced foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/35—Foundations formed in frozen ground, e.g. in permafrost soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/003—Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
Definitions
- This invention relates to construction of structures on soils, as for example:
- the layer of vapour barrier poly-ethylene sheet material
- the rigid insulation StyrofoamTM
- the initial grade is relatively rough and uneven and can contain rocks, depressions and protruding sharp objects. This makes it difficult for a vapour barrier, if applied first, to retain its continuity when the balance of the road bed is loaded on top of it.
- the vapour barrier may tear and in the location of the tears, the vapour barrier will be undermined
- the StyrofoamTM sheets are typically in 4 ft x 8 ft pieces laid side-by-side in a staggered pattern but because the StyrofoamTM is laid in pieces, the crack between each of the sheets may allow moisture to penetrate from the top and where the vapour barrier is broken, from the bottom. Any break in the membrane will allow the transfer of water as well as heat. Further, the cracks and or breaks in the StyrofoamTM may trap water and during the winter months, and the freeze-thaw cycle may aggravate movement and settlement of the soils above the StyrofoamTM.
- Buildings or other structures may be constructed slab-on-grade such as warehousing, residences, commercial and industrial buildings, or may be free standing structures that are placed directly on grade such as oil well-head housing and other protective shelters. Structures such as sidewalks, parking lots, patios, and the like may be situated on soils that may be undermined by the presence of sub-surface frozen soils such as permafrost and ice lenses as well as soils that are on muskeg, organics and very wet soils. In each of these structures, the lack of strength in the structural base may cause structural failure of the building or other structure.
- the present invention is directed to providing a reinforced foam base to assist in the stabilization of the sub-grade and minimize sub-grade degradation of the soils which will minimize building settlement and especially differential settlement of a building or other structure constructed on top of a reinforced foam base.
- a method of construction comprises the steps of laying reinforcing material across soil at a construction site; and forming a reinforced base by covering the reinforcing material with a polymeric resin, whereby upon curing, the polymeric resin and reinforcing material forms a structural base.
- a method of construction comprises the steps of forming a reinforced foam base on unstable soil; and constructing a sub-grade on the reinforced foam base, whereby the reinforced foam base minimizes differential and uneven settlement.
- the structural base is the base of a road, runway, or is installed at a well site, for example around a well head.
- the construction site may be a utility trench, and the polymeric resin may surround a utility line in the utility trench.
- the reinforcing material may be in the form of a grid.
- a preferred polymeric resin is a two part hydrophobic expanding polymeric resin.
- the soil may be an unstable soil, for example selected from the group consisting of permafrost, soils with ice lensing, muskeg, soil with organics and water saturated soils.
- the reinforcement material may be selected from the group consisting of rods, rope, strapping, mesh, netting, geotextile fabrics or other dimensional forms laid longitudinally or in a grid pattern. 12
- Various applications of the method of construction include construction of a road, airport runway, a tarmac, a structures built slab on grade or a structure on grade, a walks, a storage area, a parking area, a dam, and a
- Fig. 1 is a section through a reinforced base for use with roads, runways and slab on grade structures according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a section through a reinforced base for use with a structure on grade according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 is a section through a utility pipeline trench according to the invention.
- a reinforced foam base is used as a base in the construction of new gravel, asphalt or concrete paved roads; in the construction of trenched utilities installations (water, storm and sanitary lines); in the construction of runways and tarmacs; in the construction of any concrete slab-on-grade structure such as building pads, pedestrian walk ways and the like; in the construction of any base upon which a free standing structure is to be constructed or placed no matter what topping or fill (such as gravel, sand, etc.) is placed on the reinforced foam base; and in the construction of a "skin" or dam for liquid holding areas.
- the reinforced foam base is intended to prevent or minimize sharp and/or significant differential settlement of the bed and the surface toppings be they concrete, asphalt, gravel or some other surfacing material.
- the reinforced foam base protects against failure in the sub-grade matrices below the reinforced foam base because of inherent weak sub-grade characteristics of the soils due to permafrost, muskeg, ice lensing, organics, and the like.
- the impermeable nature of the reinforced foam base provides an excellent vapour barrier as well as a barrier to any gases such as natural gas, methane, butane, propane and the like.
- re-enforcing material typically synthetic material
- a reinforced base is formed by covering the reinforcing material with a polymeric resin.
- the reinforcing material may have the form of rods, rope, strapping, mesh, netting, geotextile fabrics or other dimensional forms laid longitudinally, in a grid pattern or any other suitable pattern.
- the reinforcing material may be formed in single or multiple layers, tied or not tied.
- the polymeric resin is applied preferably by in situ spraying of the components of the polymeric resin onto the reinforcing material.
- the reinforcing material may be nylon, polypropylene, fiberglass, other synthetic or non-synthetic materials or combinations of these materials.
- the polymeric resin is preferably a high density, two-part, closed cell, hydro- phobic and insulative expanding polymer resin, such as a polyurethane system, which is sprayed over the reinforcing material to a specified thickness to achieve a contiguous thermo-structural base.
- the particular foam system used is tailored to meet specific engineered design applications relating to insulative characteristics, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength and flexural strength, and other structural characteristics to meet the specific design application of the reinforced foam base for any given project. It is also possible to use other expandable substances having similar properties.
- the reinforced foam base forms a thermo-structural base that bridges any current and future weak areas in the soils under the base.
- the reinforced foam base also provides a barrier to any water, water vapour and gases permeating through the soils under the base. Should the soils under the reinforced foam base degrade and/or settle over time, the reinforced foam base provides support for the structural material placed over the reinforced foam base, such as a building, road or utility conduit.
- Fig. 1 shows a reinforced foam base 16 for use in the construction of road beds, runways, tarmacs, walkways, slab-on-grade structures, or the like.
- the reinforced foam base 16 includes a composite structure of a plurality of reinforcing components 11 fully encased and embedded in a pre-determined thickness of an expanding polymer resin 12.
- the reinforcing components 11 are oriented only longitudinally if bearing capacity warrants and should bearing capacity requirements be increased, the reinforcing components can be installed in a grid pattern or a pre-manufactured mesh can be installed.
- the reinforced foam base is installed directly on native soils 13 that have been cut to their desired grade.
- An engineered designed road bed of compacted granular material, clay, or other suitable material 14 is laid on top of the reinforced foam base 16. Atop the road bed, a designed surface 15 such as concrete pavement, asphalt pavement or compacted gravel is placed. In the case of a structure constructed slab-on-grade, compacted granular fill is placed on top of the reinforced foam base 16 and finished with a concrete topping.
- a reinforced foam base 25 for use in the construction of a free standing building on grade with a granular base.
- the reinforced foam base 25 comprises a composite structure of a plurality of reinforcing components 21 fully encased and embedded in a pre-determined thickness of an expanding polymer resin 22.
- the reinforcing components 21 are oriented only longitudinally if bearing capacity warrants and should bearing capacity requirements be increased, the reinforcing components can be installed in a grid pattern or a pre-manufactured mesh can be installed.
- the reinforced foam base is installed directly on native soils 23 that have been cut to the desired grade.
- a bed of granular material 24 or other suitable material is laid on top of the reinforced foam base 25.
- a reinforced foam base 34 for use in the construction and installation of a utility pipeline or conduit 31 within native soils 35.
- the reinforced foam base 35 is constructed in a trench 32 that is excavated to a width suitable for the diameter of pipe being installed and the amount of insulation required to provide pre-determined thermal protection.
- the reinforced foam base comprises a composite structure of a plurality of re-enforcing components 33 resting on the bottom of the trench, which after application of a polymeric foam system, becomes fully encased and embedded in a predetermined thickness of an expanding polymer resin to form reinforced foam base 34.
- the reinforcing components 33 are oriented longitudinally parallel with the trench line.
- Preformed pipe bases 36 each for example a stand-alone pedestal made of the same polymer resin as the reinforced foam base, are installed on the bottom of the trench.
- Polymer resin 34 is then injected into the trench to encapsulate the pipe 31 and pipe bases 36.
- the trench above the pipe 31 is filled with polymer resin to a depth providing the engineered R-value required to insulate the pipe 31.
- the balance of the trench is then back-filled and compacted with engineered fill 37.
- the reinforcing material extends continuously over the length and width of the road or over the known weak area over which the road traverses.
- the reinforcing material that is encapsulated in the high density polymer resin provides a bridge over the weak area or weak areas.
- the reinforced foam base ensures that should there be any settlement of the sub-grade under the service itself, the service will be protected against settlement.
- the high density, two part, hydrophobic expanding polymeric resin is sprayed to whatever thickness is specified to achieve the engineered thermal barrier characteristics.
- the polymeric resin forms a contiguous mass encapsulating the reinforcing material, thereby forming a light-weight reinforced structural mass to hold and bridge areas of the road bed that are weak due to the presence of permafrost, ice lensing, muskeg, organics or very wet soils. Since the mass is contiguous there are no breaks in it and thereby forms an unbroken solid vapour barrier. Further, since the material is in liquid form when sprayed, all depressions are filled, all protrusions in the road bed are encapsulated and there is no chance of such things under-mining the structural integrity of the reinforced foam base.
- the thermal barrier to prevent heat penetration into the soils where permafrost or ice lensing may be present is controllable in terms of the required insulative requirements of the material.
- the polymer resin may have an insulative R-value in the order of R5 - R5.5 per inch of material thickness.
- the polymeric resin is sprayed over and around the reinforcing strands or mesh and in the case of utilities services, around the utility pipe itself to a designated thickness all around the utility line to provide the requisite thermal values.
- Another positive benefit of filling around the utility pipe with the expanding polymer resin is that any small openings in the pipe connections will tend to be sealed with the expanding resin thereby reducing the possibility of leaks.
- the reinforced foam base acts as a vapour barrier as well as a barrier against permeation of heavier gases such as methane, butane, propane and natural gas through the reinforced foam base.
- the reinforced foam base may be used where it is impractical to excavate and back-fill with engineered soils; where these soils are unstable due to conditions relating to permafrost, ice-lensing, muskeg, organics, wetness and other conditions contributing to voiding and/or settlement in the sub-grade soils; and where water, vapour and/or gases permeating through the sub-grade is of concern.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US263715 | 1988-10-28 | ||
CA002390653A CA2390653A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2002-07-02 | Sub-grade thermo-structural bridge |
CA2390653 | 2002-07-02 | ||
US10/263,715 US6974278B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2002-10-04 | Thermo-structural base for construction on unstable soils |
PCT/CA2003/000959 WO2004005621A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-06-25 | Thermo-structural base on unstable soils |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1530661A1 true EP1530661A1 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
Family
ID=30116422
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03737801A Withdrawn EP1530661A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-06-25 | Thermo-structural base on unstable soils |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1530661A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005531705A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003245769A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20045490L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ537084A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2345191C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004005621A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101079004B1 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2011-11-01 | 주식회사 삼양사 | A collective fibers reinforced polymeric strip, method thereof, and a geogrid using the same |
CN109944125B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2021-06-08 | 新疆北新路桥集团股份有限公司 | Asphalt concrete pavement structure and paving process thereof |
FI20205743A1 (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-10 | Betolar Oy | Foundation, apparatus and method for producing the same |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1329435A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1973-09-05 | Shell Int Research | Method and apparatus for constructing a road surface structure comprising a sprayed insulation of rigid polyurethane foam |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3279334A (en) * | 1962-01-18 | 1966-10-18 | Jack M Quartararo | Method of construction in permafrost regions |
JPS4531631Y1 (en) * | 1965-12-14 | 1970-12-04 | ||
JPS4825762B1 (en) * | 1970-06-02 | 1973-07-31 | ||
DE2106723C3 (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1974-10-10 | Deutsche Schachtbau- U. Tiefbohrgesellschaft Mbh, 4450 Lingen | Method of making a makeshift pavement |
US3839518A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1974-10-01 | Dow Chemical Co | Method of making and using foam plastic frost barrier and thermal insulation |
AU7475874A (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1976-04-29 | ||
US4464082A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-08-07 | Northwest Alaskan Pipeline Company | Chilled gas pipeline installation and method |
JPH0415381A (en) * | 1990-05-09 | 1992-01-20 | Kubota Corp | Formation of pipe bed |
JPH0650466A (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-22 | Satougumi:Kk | Method of constructing underground culvert |
JPH11241344A (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-09-07 | Taichi Goudo | Artificial light banking, and its construction method |
JPH11241345A (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-09-07 | Taichi Goudo | Artificial light banking, and its construction method |
JP2980604B1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 1999-11-22 | 中村物産有限会社 | Vibration isolation foundation structure of building and its construction method |
-
2003
- 2003-06-25 NZ NZ537084A patent/NZ537084A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-25 AU AU2003245769A patent/AU2003245769A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-25 WO PCT/CA2003/000959 patent/WO2004005621A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-06-25 JP JP2004518308A patent/JP2005531705A/en active Pending
- 2003-06-25 EP EP03737801A patent/EP1530661A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-25 RU RU2005101410/03A patent/RU2345191C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-12-16 NO NO20045490A patent/NO20045490L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1329435A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1973-09-05 | Shell Int Research | Method and apparatus for constructing a road surface structure comprising a sprayed insulation of rigid polyurethane foam |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2004005621A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2345191C2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
WO2004005621A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
NO20045490L (en) | 2005-02-01 |
AU2003245769A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
JP2005531705A (en) | 2005-10-20 |
NZ537084A (en) | 2007-06-29 |
RU2005101410A (en) | 2005-07-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6505996B1 (en) | Drainage system with unitary void-maintaining geosynthetic structure and method for constructing system | |
CA2594808C (en) | System and method for reinforcing aggregate particles, and structures resulting therefrom | |
US20110064517A1 (en) | Reinforced pervious concrete | |
US20020044842A1 (en) | Void-maintaining geosynthetic laminates and drainage systems | |
JP3363805B2 (en) | Rainwater storage infiltration structure | |
US6974278B2 (en) | Thermo-structural base for construction on unstable soils | |
RU2312181C1 (en) | Road structure | |
CN114182745B (en) | Ecological slope protection roadbed of high-liquid limit soil ecological retaining wall and construction method | |
Jutkofsky et al. | Stabilization of embankment slope with geofoam | |
Emersleben et al. | The use of recycled glass for the construction of pavements | |
US7067001B2 (en) | Drainage composition and uses thereof | |
CA2527441C (en) | Thermo-structural base on unstable soils | |
EP1530661A1 (en) | Thermo-structural base on unstable soils | |
RU2516408C1 (en) | Road structure | |
RU84857U1 (en) | HIGHWAY | |
Estates | A guide to airfield pavement design and evaluation | |
Rajani | Best practices for concrete sidewalk construction | |
KR20050045948A (en) | Thermo-structural base on unstable soils | |
KR20000008476A (en) | Construction method of laying culvert paving expanded polysterene block | |
US11891769B2 (en) | Systems and methods for using discarded (degraded) asphalt shingles (DAS) for stabilizing soils in building and surface constructions | |
Perrier | Ultra light cellular structure—French approach | |
KR200244420Y1 (en) | A structure box type underdrain for engineering works | |
Keller et al. | The long history of geosynthetics use on forest roads | |
Kearsey | Recent developments of upstream membranes for rock fill dams | |
Chatterjee et al. | Staged Road Construction in Very Weak Subgrade Using Polymeric Geocell |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20050126 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: MOROSCHAN, CASEY |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: MOROSCHAN, CASEY |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20100705 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20140422 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20140903 |