EP1529924B1 - Apparatus for subsoil constructions provided with a pressurized gerabox and method of regulating pressure inside said gearbox - Google Patents

Apparatus for subsoil constructions provided with a pressurized gerabox and method of regulating pressure inside said gearbox Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1529924B1
EP1529924B1 EP04021724A EP04021724A EP1529924B1 EP 1529924 B1 EP1529924 B1 EP 1529924B1 EP 04021724 A EP04021724 A EP 04021724A EP 04021724 A EP04021724 A EP 04021724A EP 1529924 B1 EP1529924 B1 EP 1529924B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pressure
gear housing
foundation engineering
gear
internal pressure
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EP04021724A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1529924A1 (en
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Maximilian Arzberger
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Bauer Maschinen GmbH
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Bauer Maschinen GmbH
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Application filed by Bauer Maschinen GmbH filed Critical Bauer Maschinen GmbH
Priority to PL04021724T priority Critical patent/PL1529924T3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/003—Bearing, sealing, lubricating details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a civil engineering device with a transmission having a transmission housing and a pressure device for changing a pressure prevailing in the transmission housing internal pressure. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a civil engineering device, in which in particular the internal pressure is controlled in a transmission.
  • a trench wall cutter whose bearing seals with a hydraulic pressure compensation device are provided.
  • a displaceable piston is provided, on one end of which the ambient pressure can act.
  • the other end of the displaceable piston acts on an oil reservoir, which can thus generate a hydraulic back pressure on the bearing seals with a corresponding pressure increase of the environment.
  • US 4,757,878 describes a method and system for lubrication under adverse conditions that can be used with a geothermal water pump. According to the teaching of US Pat. No. 4,757,878, inter alia, provision is made for regulating a supply pressure and a discharge pressure of the lubricant in order to keep the pressure in the lubricated sections at a constant value.
  • US 4,473,754 discloses a Brayton cycle power generation system which includes, among other things, a transmission housing that is under pressure.
  • the US 4,423,567 describes a device for honing, which has a hydraulic drive cylinder.
  • the drive cylinder is in line communication with a tank in which hydraulic oil and above it air is arranged.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a civil engineering device and a method for their operation, which allow for a simple and robust arrangement a reliable pressure change in the transmission.
  • the object is achieved on the one hand by a civil engineering device having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 12.
  • Preferred embodiments are given in the respective dependent claims.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that an active actuating device is provided which can be controlled via a control device for changing the internal pressure prevailing in the transmission housing.
  • a basic idea of the invention is to move from the so-called passive pressure adjustment in the prior art, in which the ambient pressure via a diaphragm or a piston directly changes the internal pressure, to an active, controlled pressure adjustment.
  • the power-operated actuating device is activated, which accordingly the control specification changes the internal pressure in the gearbox.
  • the pressure change can be generated in various ways, such as by changing the volume of the transmission housing by an adjustable piston.
  • a preferred embodiment according to the invention is that the adjusting device is designed to change the filling of the gear housing. This makes it possible to effect a quick and targeted pressure change in a relatively simple manner.
  • the adjusting device to a pump and / or a surge tank, which are line connected for supplying and / or discharging a fluid with the transmission housing.
  • a fluid for pressure influencing both the transmission oil provided for the transmission and air can be provided, which is usually also in a transmission.
  • a special pressure fluid is useful, which may have certain physical properties in terms of compressibility and temperature behavior and special anti-corrosion properties.
  • a defined pressure is adjustable, wherein the supply of fluid in the transmission housing via a control valve is controllable.
  • a defined overpressure relative to the housing interior can prevail, so that at any time fluid in the desired amount can be introduced into the transmission housing.
  • For a pressure reduction can be provided also controllable by the control device vent valve.
  • the adjusting device has a volume change device, in particular a piston, for changing an inner volume of the expansion tank.
  • the pressure setting takes place in the expansion tank, which in fluid communication with the transmission housing so that the pressure within the surge tank corresponds to the pressure in the transmission housing.
  • a particularly practicable and cost-effective design is that the surge tank is at least partially filled with gear oil, which serves as a fluid for pressure change.
  • a second fluid is provided in the expansion tank, which is separated from the transmission oil via a separating element, such as a piston, a membrane or a bladder.
  • the second fluid which is preferably air, also serves to compensate for temperature fluctuations of the transmission oil occurring during operation.
  • an attenuator is provided, through which in particular a pressure transmission to the transmission oil is attenuated, wherein the attenuator in particular has a separating element with arranged spring or a gas volume provided.
  • a pressure sensor is provided, which is in signal communication with the control device.
  • the ambient pressure can be measured by an external pressure sensor and forwarded to the control device.
  • the control device can adjust the internal pressure of the housing in the desired manner, wherein an internal pressure sensor can serve as a feedback member. So it can be done not only a pure control but also a regulation of the internal pressure.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention is that an oil level measuring device for detecting a Gear oil level is provided in the expansion tank, which is in particular with the control device in signal communication.
  • the gear oil level in the reservoir can be detected very easily and used for reliable oil level measurement.
  • the measuring device can also be coupled with a temperature sensor, so that any temperature-induced volume changes of the transmission oil can be taken into account. In this way, a particularly reliable level and leakage monitoring of the transmission housing is possible.
  • the transmission described could be used for a very wide variety of applications in which transmissions are used under overpressure or underpressure conditions, for example under water.
  • the transmission in a civil engineering device, in particular in a trench wall cutter.
  • the described arrangement can do without sensitive, the harsh external environmental conditions exposed moving mechanical parts, so that just in civil engineering devices, a reliable pressure adjustment and pressure adjustment of the transmission internal pressure is possible.
  • the inventive method is characterized in that the pressure prevailing in the transmission housing internal pressure is changed by means of an active actuating device, which is controlled by a control device.
  • an external pressure on the transmission housing is measured and the internal pressure is controlled in dependence on the measured external pressure. Due to the small size and the relatively low cost of pressure sensors may also be provided more external pressure sensors preferably, so that a particularly high measurement reliability is ensured.
  • the external pressure can be determined, for example in a trench wall cutter, via the depth position of the device, since the external pressure is proportional to the depth of the device within a liquid.
  • the ambient pressure can be determined via the position, so that pressure adjustment is possible even without an external pressure sensor.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the internal pressure in the transmission housing is controlled and / or regulated so that it is equal to or smaller than a defined pressure difference or greater than the measured external pressure.
  • a defined overpressure or underpressure in the transmission housing can always be set via the control device. At a given overpressure, it is ensured that no liquid can penetrate from the outside into the transmission housing.
  • FIG 1 a trained according to the invention trench cutter 10 is shown with two cutting wheels 12 on both sides of a transmission shield 13.
  • a transmission 14 which transmits the torque from the hydraulic drive 15 to the cutting wheels 12.
  • the gear 14 extends to the center of the cutting wheels 12, where only a part of the gears is shown there. Due to the symmetrical construction of a trench wall cutter 10, the gear arrangement will be explained below only with reference to the left-side arrangement of the cutting wheels 12.
  • an active actuator 20 is provided for pressure change.
  • the active actuating device 20 on a surge tank 22, which is connected via a fluid line 24 with the interior of the transmission housing 16 in line connection.
  • a desired pressure can be generated via a control device, not shown, which transmits via the fluid line 24 to the internal pressure of the transmission 14.
  • a desired pressure can be set, which can be adapted for example to an external ambient pressure.
  • a trench wall cutter 10 which must work in slits filled with suspension up to 100 m depth, a pressure difference between the gear inside and the gear outer can be avoided. In this way, despite the high ambient pressure penetration of liquid or suspension can be avoided in the transmission housing 16 without special sealing measures on the shaft and housing seals of the transmission 14.
  • FIG. 2a A first embodiment for generating pressure in a surge tank 22a for the invention is shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the cylindrical expansion tank 22a is partially filled with a transmission oil 5, which corresponds via a fluid line 24a with the transmission oil in the transmission.
  • a transmission oil 5 For pressure adjustment can be introduced via a non-illustrated control valve, controlled by the control device, compressed air via a compressed air line 25a in the expansion tank 22a.
  • sensors 42, 43 may be arranged, which can be used in addition to a pressure measurement for an oil level measuring device.
  • the pressure of the transmission oil 5 can also be adjusted via a piston 28b in a cylindrical expansion tank 22b.
  • a piston 28b Between the piston 28b and the transmission oil 5 is a defined amount of gas 30, which can serve as a damping element in the pressure setting.
  • the pressure adjustment can be done in stages, which can be realized by simple valve control.
  • the position of the piston 28b is effected by means of a hydraulically or pneumatically operated adjusting cylinder 32 with a piston rod 34b.
  • the position of the piston in the expansion tank 22 can be predetermined by the control device.
  • FIG. 2c A hydraulic arrangement is shown in Figure 2c, with the surge tank 22c being the same as the surge tank 22a of Figure 2a.
  • the pressure line for supplying gas is designed as a coupling line 40, which opens into a hydraulic tank 38, which is partially filled with hydraulic oil 7.
  • the gas in the hydraulic tank 38 is separated from the hydraulic oil 7 via a bladder 39 c.
  • the pressure in the surge tank 22c can be influenced in the desired manner.
  • FIG. 2d A simplified embodiment of the above-described arrangement is shown in FIG. 2d.
  • the surge tank 22d not only the transmission oil 5 but also the hydraulic oil 7 and a defined gas amount 30d are provided, both of which are separated from the transmission oil 5 in an elastic bladder 39d.
  • the hydraulic line 41d Via the hydraulic line 41d, the volume of the hydraulic oil 7 in the expansion tank 22d changed and thus a corresponding pressure change of arranged in the upper region gear oil 5 can be effected, which in turn is connected via the fluid line 24d with the interior of the transmission housing in line connection.
  • the gas volume 30d in the bladder 39d serves as a gas reservoir for damping the pressure change.
  • FIG. 1 A similar embodiment is given in the surge tank 22e according to Figure 2e.
  • a hydraulic oil 7 with a gas amount 30e which are separated by a piston 28e of a gear oil arranged above 5.
  • the pressure within the surge tank 22e can be changed, wherein the pressure of the transmission oil 5 transfers via the fluid line 24e to the transmission oil within the transmission.
  • the extent of the piston rods 34e can be determined as a measure of the transmission oil level via a sensor 46e.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)

Abstract

The gear unit has an active setting device (20) controlled by a control device and changing pressure inside a gear housing (16). The device has a pump and/or a compensating tank which are connected to inside of the gear housing through a fluid line (24) to supply and/or discharge a fluid. A pressure sensor measures a pressure inside and/or outside the gear housing, and is in signaling contact with the control device. Independent claims are also included for the following: (A) a trench cutter comprising a gear unit (B) a method for controlling an internal pressure in a gear unit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Tiefbauvorrichtung mit einem Getriebe mit einem Getriebegehäuse und einer Druckeinrichtung zur Änderung eines im Getriebegehäuse herrschenden Innendrucks. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Tiefbauvorrichtung, bei dem insbesondere der Innendruck in einem Getriebe gesteuert wird.The invention relates to a civil engineering device with a transmission having a transmission housing and a pressure device for changing a pressure prevailing in the transmission housing internal pressure. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a civil engineering device, in which in particular the internal pressure is controlled in a transmission.

Bei Getrieben, die unter Wasser oder einem sonstigen erhöhten Umgebungsdruck arbeiten, ist es erforderlich, einen Druckausgleich vorzunehmen, um den Öldruck im Getriebe dem äußeren Umgebungsdruck anzupassen. Ansonsten bestünde die Gefahr größerer Druckdifferenzen zwischen Gehäuseinnerem und der Umgebung. Es könnte dann Wasser von außen aufgrund der Druckdifferenz in das Getriebe eindringen. Ohne einen solchen Druckausgleich müsste ein erheblicher Aufwand zur Abdichtung des Getriebes gegen Eindringen von Flüssigkeit von außen betrieben werden.For transmissions operating under water or other elevated ambient pressure, it is necessary to equalize the pressure in the transmission to match the external ambient pressure. Otherwise there would be a risk of larger pressure differences between the housing interior and the environment. It could then penetrate water from the outside due to the pressure difference in the transmission. Without such a pressure equalization would require a considerable effort to seal the transmission against ingress of liquid to be operated from the outside.

Aus der DE 2 162 314 A ist ein solches Druckausgleichssystem an einem Getriebe bekannt. Hierzu ist am Getriebegehäuse eine Öffnung vorgesehen, welche mittels einer flexiblen Membran gegenüber der Umgebung abgedichtet ist. Bei einem größeren Umgebungsdruck kann sich die Membran nach innen wölben und so einen Druckausgleich im Getriebeinneren bewirken. Ein solches System ist jedoch bei rauhen Umgebungsbedingungen, wie sie etwa an Baustellen für Tiefbaubohrgeräte herrschen, beschädigungsanfällig.From DE 2 162 314 A, such a pressure equalization system on a transmission is known. For this purpose, an opening is provided on the gear housing, which is sealed by means of a flexible membrane from the environment. At a higher ambient pressure, the diaphragm may buckle inwards, causing a pressure equalization inside the gear unit. However, such a system is susceptible to damage in harsh environmental conditions, such as those prevailing at construction sites for civil engineering.

Aus der EP 0 518 293 B1 ist eine Schlitzwandfräse bekannt, deren Lagerdichtungen mit einer hydraulischen Druckausgleichsvorrichtung versehen sind. Hierzu ist ein verschiebbarer Kolben vorgesehen, auf dessen eines Ende der Umgebungsdruck wirken kann. Das andere Ende des verschiebbaren Kolbens wirkt auf ein Ölreservoir, welches so einen hydraulischen Gegendruck auf die Lagerdichtungen bei einem entsprechenden Druckanstieg der Umgebung erzeugen kann.From EP 0 518 293 B1 a trench wall cutter is known whose bearing seals with a hydraulic pressure compensation device are provided. For this purpose, a displaceable piston is provided, on one end of which the ambient pressure can act. The other end of the displaceable piston acts on an oil reservoir, which can thus generate a hydraulic back pressure on the bearing seals with a corresponding pressure increase of the environment.

Auch wenn bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung gegenüber einer mechanisch wenig stabilen flexiblen Membran eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Robustheit erreicht ist, besteht auch hier eine Gefahr, dass aufgrund von Verschmutzungen unter Baustellenbedingungen die Beweglichkeit des Kolbens oder die Verbindung zur Außenumgebung des Kolbens beeinträchtigt wird. Ein zuverlässiger Druckausgleich wäre dann nicht mehr gewährleistet.Although in this known device compared to a mechanically unstable flexible membrane, a significant improvement in robustness is achieved, there is also a danger that due to contamination under site conditions, the mobility of the piston or the connection to the outside of the piston is impaired. A reliable pressure equalization would then no longer be guaranteed.

Die US 4,757,878 beschreibt ein Verfahren und ein System für eine Schmierung unter widrigen Bedingungen, die bei einer Pumpe für geothermisches Wasser eingesetzt werden können. Gemäß der Lehre der US 4,757,878 ist unter anderem vorgesehen, einen Zuführdruck und einen Abführdruck des Schmiermittels zu regulieren, um den Druck in den geschmierten Abschnitten auf einem konstanten Wert zu halten.US 4,757,878 describes a method and system for lubrication under adverse conditions that can be used with a geothermal water pump. According to the teaching of US Pat. No. 4,757,878, inter alia, provision is made for regulating a supply pressure and a discharge pressure of the lubricant in order to keep the pressure in the lubricated sections at a constant value.

Die US 4,473,754 offenbart ein Brayton-Zyklus-Energieerzeugungssystem, das unter anderem ein Getriebegehäuse aufweist, welches unter Druck steht.US 4,473,754 discloses a Brayton cycle power generation system which includes, among other things, a transmission housing that is under pressure.

Aus der US 3,843,095 geht ein Bagger mit einem Seilzugmechanismus hervor. Um ein Durchhängen des Seiles zu verhindern, ist eine Einrichtung mit einem hydraulischen Linearantrieb und einem Reservoir mit Betriebsflüssigkeit vorgesehen, welches mit einer Druckluftquelle in Verbindung steht, um die Betriebsflüssigkeit unter Druck zu halten.From US 3,843,095 an excavator with a cable mechanism emerges. In order to prevent sagging of the rope, a device with a hydraulic linear drive and a reservoir with operating fluid is provided, which is in communication with a compressed air source in order to keep the operating fluid under pressure.

Die US 4,423,567 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zum Honen, die einen hydraulischen Antriebszylinder aufweist. Der Antriebszylinder steht mit einem Tank in Leitungsverbindung, in dem Hydrauliköl und darüber Luft angeordnet ist.The US 4,423,567 describes a device for honing, which has a hydraulic drive cylinder. The drive cylinder is in line communication with a tank in which hydraulic oil and above it air is arranged.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Tiefbauvorrichtung und ein Verfahren zu deren Betrieb anzugeben, welche bei einer einfachen und robusten Anordnung eine zuverlässige Druckänderung im Getriebe erlauben.The invention has for its object to provide a civil engineering device and a method for their operation, which allow for a simple and robust arrangement a reliable pressure change in the transmission.

Nach der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe zum einen durch eine Tiefbauvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und zum anderen durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 12 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den jeweils abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.According to the invention, the object is achieved on the one hand by a civil engineering device having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 12. Preferred embodiments are given in the respective dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine aktive Stelleinrichtung vorgesehen ist, welche zum Ändern des im Getriebegehäuse herrschenden Innendrucks über eine Steuereinrichtung ansteuerbar ist. Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, von der sozusagen passiven Druckanpassung im Stand der Technik, bei welcher der Umgebungsdruck über eine Membran oder einen Kolben unmittelbar den Innendruck verändert, zu einer aktiven, gesteuerten Druckeinstellung überzugehen. Über eine Steuereinrichtung wird die energiebetriebene Stelleinrichtung aktiviert, welche entsprechend der Steuervorgabe den Innendruck im Getriebegehäuse verändert.The device according to the invention is characterized in that an active actuating device is provided which can be controlled via a control device for changing the internal pressure prevailing in the transmission housing. A basic idea of the invention is to move from the so-called passive pressure adjustment in the prior art, in which the ambient pressure via a diaphragm or a piston directly changes the internal pressure, to an active, controlled pressure adjustment. About a control device, the power-operated actuating device is activated, which accordingly the control specification changes the internal pressure in the gearbox.

Grundsätzlich kann die Druckveränderung auf verschiedene Weisen erzeugt werden, etwa durch Veränderung des Volumens des Getriebegehäuses durch einen verstellbaren Kolben. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform nach der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Stelleinrichtung zur Änderung der Befüllung des Getriebegehäuses ausgebildet ist. Hierdurch lässt sich auf relativ einfache Weise eine schnelle und gezielte Druckänderung bewirken.In principle, the pressure change can be generated in various ways, such as by changing the volume of the transmission housing by an adjustable piston. A preferred embodiment according to the invention is that the adjusting device is designed to change the filling of the gear housing. This makes it possible to effect a quick and targeted pressure change in a relatively simple manner.

Vorzugsweise weist die Stelleinrichtung eine Pumpe und/oder einen Ausgleichsbehälter auf, welche zum Zuführen und/oder Abführen eines Fluides mit dem Getriebegehäuse leitungsverbunden sind. Als Fluid zur Druckbeeinflussung kann sowohl das für das Getriebe vorgesehene Getriebeöl als auch Luft vorgesehen sein, welche sich üblicherweise ebenfalls in einem Getriebe befindet. Für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle ist auch ein spezielles Druckfluid sinnvoll, welches bestimmte physikalische Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Kompressibilität und Temperaturverhalten sowie spezielle Korrosionsschutzeigenschaften haben kann.Preferably, the adjusting device to a pump and / or a surge tank, which are line connected for supplying and / or discharging a fluid with the transmission housing. As the fluid for pressure influencing both the transmission oil provided for the transmission and air can be provided, which is usually also in a transmission. For certain applications, a special pressure fluid is useful, which may have certain physical properties in terms of compressibility and temperature behavior and special anti-corrosion properties.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist es von Vorteil, dass in dem Ausgleichsbehälter ein definierter Druck einstellbar ist, wobei die Zuführung von Fluid in das Getriebegehäuse über ein Stellventil steuerbar ist. Im Ausgleichsbehälter kann dabei ein definierter Überdruck gegenüber dem Gehäuseinneren herrschen, so dass zu jedem Zeitpunkt Fluid in der gewünschten Menge in das Getriebegehäuse eingeleitet werden kann. Für eine Druckabsenkung kann ein ebenfalls von der Steuereinrichtung ansteuerbares Entlüftungsventil vorgesehen sein.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous that in the expansion tank, a defined pressure is adjustable, wherein the supply of fluid in the transmission housing via a control valve is controllable. In the expansion tank, a defined overpressure relative to the housing interior can prevail, so that at any time fluid in the desired amount can be introduced into the transmission housing. For a pressure reduction can be provided also controllable by the control device vent valve.

Nach der Erfindung ist es für eine effiziente Druckeinstellung vorgesehen, dass die Stelleinrichtung eine Volumenänderungseinrichtung, insbesondere ein Kolben, zur Änderung eines Innenvolumens des Ausgleichsbehälters aufweist. Die Druckeinstellung erfolgt dabei im Ausgleichsbehälter, welcher in Fluidverbindung mit dem Getriebegehäuse steht, so dass der Druck innerhalb des Ausgleichsbehälters mit dem Druck im Getriebegehäuse korrespondiert.According to the invention, it is provided for an efficient pressure adjustment that the adjusting device has a volume change device, in particular a piston, for changing an inner volume of the expansion tank. The pressure setting takes place in the expansion tank, which in fluid communication with the transmission housing so that the pressure within the surge tank corresponds to the pressure in the transmission housing.

Eine besonders praktikable und kostengünstige Ausführung besteht darin, dass der Ausgleichsbehälter zumindest teilweise mit Getriebeöl befüllt ist, welches als Fluid zur Druckänderung dient.A particularly practicable and cost-effective design is that the surge tank is at least partially filled with gear oil, which serves as a fluid for pressure change.

Zur Vermeidung von Verunreinigungen des Getriebeöls ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass im Ausgleichsbehälter ein zweites Fluid vorgesehen ist, welches über ein Trennelement, wie ein Kolben, eine Membran oder eine Blase, von dem Getriebeöl getrennt ist. Das zweite Fluid, welches vorzugsweise Luft ist, dient auch zum Ausgleich von im Betrieb auftretenden Temperaturschwankungen des Getriebeöls.In order to avoid contamination of the transmission oil, it is according to the invention that a second fluid is provided in the expansion tank, which is separated from the transmission oil via a separating element, such as a piston, a membrane or a bladder. The second fluid, which is preferably air, also serves to compensate for temperature fluctuations of the transmission oil occurring during operation.

Für eine sanfte Druckänderung im Getriebegehäuse ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass ein Dämpfungsglied vorgesehen ist, durch das insbesondere eine Druckübertragung auf das Getriebeöl bedämpfbar ist, wobei das Dämpfungsglied insbesondere ein Trennelement mit angeordneter Feder oder ein vorgesehenes Gasvolumen aufweist.For a gentle pressure change in the transmission housing, it is according to the invention that an attenuator is provided, through which in particular a pressure transmission to the transmission oil is attenuated, wherein the attenuator in particular has a separating element with arranged spring or a gas volume provided.

Für eine exakte Druckanpassung ist es nach der Erfindung vorteilhaft, dass zur Messung eines Drucks innerhalb und/oder außerhalb des Getriebegehäuses ein Drucksensor vorgesehen ist, der mit der Steuereinrichtung in Signalverbindung steht. So kann durch einen Außendrucksensor der Umgebungsdruck gemessen und an die Steuereinrichtung weitergeleitet werden. Anhand dieser Messwerte kann die Steuereinrichtung den Innendruck des Gehäuses in gewünschter Weise anpassen, wobei ein Innendrucksensor als ein Rückkopplungsorgan dienen kann. Es kann also nicht nur eine reine Steuerung sondern auch eine Regelung des Innendrucks erfolgen.For an exact pressure adjustment, it is advantageous according to the invention that for measuring a pressure inside and / or outside of the transmission housing, a pressure sensor is provided, which is in signal communication with the control device. Thus, the ambient pressure can be measured by an external pressure sensor and forwarded to the control device. On the basis of these measured values, the control device can adjust the internal pressure of the housing in the desired manner, wherein an internal pressure sensor can serve as a feedback member. So it can be done not only a pure control but also a regulation of the internal pressure.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dass eine Ölstandsmesseinrichtung zur Erfassung eines Getriebeölstandes im Ausgleichsbehälter vorgesehen ist, die insbesondere mit der Steuereinrichtung in Signalverbindung steht. Der Getriebeölstand in Ausgleichsbehälter kann dabei besonders leicht erfasst und für eine zuverlässige Ölstandsmessung eingesetzt werden. Die Messeinrichtung kann auch mit einem Temperatursensor gekoppelt sein, so dass eventuelle temperaturbedingte Volumenänderungen des Getriebeöles mit berücksichtigt werden können. Auf diese Weise ist eine besonders zuverlässige Füllstands- und Leckageüberwachung des Getriebegehäuses möglich.A further preferred embodiment of the invention is that an oil level measuring device for detecting a Gear oil level is provided in the expansion tank, which is in particular with the control device in signal communication. The gear oil level in the reservoir can be detected very easily and used for reliable oil level measurement. The measuring device can also be coupled with a temperature sensor, so that any temperature-induced volume changes of the transmission oil can be taken into account. In this way, a particularly reliable level and leakage monitoring of the transmission housing is possible.

Grundsätzlich könnte das beschriebene Getriebe für verschiedenste Anwendungen zum Einsatz kommen, bei welchen Getriebe unter Über- oder Unterdruckbedingungen, etwa unter Wasser, eingesetzt werden.In principle, the transmission described could be used for a very wide variety of applications in which transmissions are used under overpressure or underpressure conditions, for example under water.

Erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen ist die Verwendung des Getriebes in einer Tiefbauvorrichtung, insbesondere in einer Schlitzwandfräse. Die beschriebene Anordnung kann ohne empfindliche, den harten äußeren Umgebungsbedingungen ausgesetzten beweglichen mechanischen Teilen auskommen, so dass gerade bei Tiefbauvorrichtungen eine zuverlässige Druckeinstellung und Druckanpassung des Getriebeinnendrucks möglich ist.Provided according to the invention is the use of the transmission in a civil engineering device, in particular in a trench wall cutter. The described arrangement can do without sensitive, the harsh external environmental conditions exposed moving mechanical parts, so that just in civil engineering devices, a reliable pressure adjustment and pressure adjustment of the transmission internal pressure is possible.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der in dem Getriebegehäuse herrschende Innendruck mittels einer aktiven Stelleinrichtung geändert wird, welche von einer Steuereinrichtung gesteuert wird. Durch dieses erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sind die vorausgehend erläuterten Vorteile hinsichtlich einer zuverlässigen Druckeinstellung und Druckanpassung erreichbar.The inventive method is characterized in that the pressure prevailing in the transmission housing internal pressure is changed by means of an active actuating device, which is controlled by a control device. By means of this method according to the invention, the previously explained advantages with regard to reliable pressure adjustment and pressure adaptation can be achieved.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass mittels eines Außendrucksensors ein Außendruck am Getriebegehäuse gemessen wird und der Innendruck in Abhängigkeit zum gemessenen Außendruck gesteuert wird. Aufgrund der geringen Baugröße und der relativ geringen Kosten für Drucksensoren können vorzugsweise auch mehrere Außendrucksensoren vorgesehen sein, so dass eine besonders hohe Messsicherheit gewährleistet ist.According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that by means of an external pressure sensor, an external pressure on the transmission housing is measured and the internal pressure is controlled in dependence on the measured external pressure. Due to the small size and the relatively low cost of pressure sensors may also be provided more external pressure sensors preferably, so that a particularly high measurement reliability is ensured.

Alternativ oder ergänzend kann der Außendruck etwa bei einer Schlitzwandfräse auch über die Tiefenposition des Gerätes ermittelt werden, da der Außendruck proportional zur Tiefe des Gerätes innerhalb einer Flüssigkeit ist. Über entsprechende Sensoren, etwa an der Winde, kann über die Lage der Umgebungsdruck bestimmt werden, so dass auch ohne einen Außendrucksensor eine Druckanpassung möglich ist.Alternatively or additionally, the external pressure can be determined, for example in a trench wall cutter, via the depth position of the device, since the external pressure is proportional to the depth of the device within a liquid. By means of corresponding sensors, for example on the winch, the ambient pressure can be determined via the position, so that pressure adjustment is possible even without an external pressure sensor.

Für eine besonders zuverlässige Druckeinstellung mittels einer Regelung ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass mittels eines Innendrucksensors eine Innendruckmessung im Getriebegehäuse durchgeführt wird und der Innendruck durch die Steuereinrichtung geregelt wird.For a particularly reliable pressure adjustment by means of a control, it is inventively that by means of an internal pressure sensor, an internal pressure measurement is carried out in the transmission housing and the internal pressure is controlled by the control device.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass der Innendruck im Getriebegehäuse so gesteuert und/oder geregelt wird, dass er gleich oder um eine definierte Druckdifferenz kleiner oder größer als der gemessene Außendruck ist. Über die Steuereinrichtung kann also stets ein definierter Überdruck oder Unterdruck im Getriebegehäuse eingestellt werden. Bei einem vorgegebenen Überdruck wird sichergestellt, dass keine Flüssigkeit von außen in das Getriebegehäuse eindringen kann. Bei Arbeiten in sensiblen Umgebungen, beispielsweise in einem Grundwasserschutzgebiet, kann es sinnvoll sein, im Getriebegehäuse einen leichten Unterdruck einzustellen, so dass mit besonders hoher Sicherheit eine Leckage von Getriebeöl vermieden wird.Another advantage of the invention is that the internal pressure in the transmission housing is controlled and / or regulated so that it is equal to or smaller than a defined pressure difference or greater than the measured external pressure. Thus, a defined overpressure or underpressure in the transmission housing can always be set via the control device. At a given overpressure, it is ensured that no liquid can penetrate from the outside into the transmission housing. When working in sensitive environments, such as in a groundwater protection area, it may be useful to set a slight negative pressure in the transmission housing, so that leakage of transmission oil is avoided with particularly high safety.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, welche schematisch in den Zeichnungen dargestellt sind. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine stark schematisierte Teil-Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Schlitzwandfräse mit einem Getriebe; und
Fig. 2a bis 2e
schematische Querschnittsansichten zu verschiedenen Ausgleichsbehältern für die Erfindung.
The invention will be explained in more detail by means of preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:
Fig. 1
a highly schematic partial side view of a trench cutter according to the invention with a transmission; and
Fig. 2a to 2e
schematic cross-sectional views of various surge tanks for the invention.

In Figur 1 ist eine nach der Erfindung ausgebildete Schlitzwandfräse 10 mit je zwei Fräsrädern 12 zu beiden Seiten eines Getriebeschildes 13 gezeigt. Am Getriebeschild 13 befindet sich ein Getriebe 14, welches das Drehmoment von dem Hydraulikantrieb 15 auf die Fräsräder 12 überträgt. Das Getriebe 14 erstreckt sich bis ins Zentrum der Fräsräder 12, wobei dort nur ein Teil der Zahnräder dargestellt ist. Aufgrund des symmetrischen Aufbaus einer Schlitzwandfräse 10 wird nachfolgend die Getriebeanordnung nur mit Bezug auf die linksseitige Anordnung der Fräsräder 12 erläutert.In Figure 1, a trained according to the invention trench cutter 10 is shown with two cutting wheels 12 on both sides of a transmission shield 13. On the transmission plate 13 is a transmission 14, which transmits the torque from the hydraulic drive 15 to the cutting wheels 12. The gear 14 extends to the center of the cutting wheels 12, where only a part of the gears is shown there. Due to the symmetrical construction of a trench wall cutter 10, the gear arrangement will be explained below only with reference to the left-side arrangement of the cutting wheels 12.

Zur Änderung des Druckes innerhalb eines Getriebegehäuses 16 des Getriebes 14 ist eine aktive Stelleinrichtung 20 zur Druckveränderung vorgesehen. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel weist die aktive Stelleinrichtung 20 einen Ausgleichsbehälter 22 auf, welcher über eine Fluidleitung 24 mit dem Inneren des Getriebegehäuses 16 in Leitungsverbindung steht. In dem Ausgleichsbehälter 22 kann über eine nicht dargestellte Steuereinrichtung ein gewünschter Druck erzeugt werden, welcher sich über die Fluidleitung 24 auf den Innendruck des Getriebes 14 überträgt. Auf diese Weise kann innerhalb des Getriebes 14 ein gewünschter Druck eingestellt werden, welcher beispielsweise an einen äußeren Umgebungsdruck angepasst werden kann. Auf diese Weise kann bei einer Schlitzwandfräse 10, welche in mit Suspension gefüllten Schlitzen mit bis zu 100 m Tiefe arbeiten muss, eine Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Getriebeinneren und dem Getriebeäußeren vermieden werden. Auf diese Weise kann ohne besondere Abdichtungsmaßnahmen an den Wellen- und Gehäusedichtungen des Getriebes 14 trotz des hohen Umgebungsdruckes ein Eindringen von Flüssigkeit oder Suspension in das Getriebegehäuse 16 vermieden werden.To change the pressure within a transmission housing 16 of the transmission 14, an active actuator 20 is provided for pressure change. In the present embodiment, the active actuating device 20 on a surge tank 22, which is connected via a fluid line 24 with the interior of the transmission housing 16 in line connection. In the expansion tank 22, a desired pressure can be generated via a control device, not shown, which transmits via the fluid line 24 to the internal pressure of the transmission 14. In this way, within the transmission 14, a desired pressure can be set, which can be adapted for example to an external ambient pressure. In this way, in a trench wall cutter 10, which must work in slits filled with suspension up to 100 m depth, a pressure difference between the gear inside and the gear outer can be avoided. In this way, despite the high ambient pressure penetration of liquid or suspension can be avoided in the transmission housing 16 without special sealing measures on the shaft and housing seals of the transmission 14.

Beim Herausziehen der Schlitzwandfräse 10 aus dem Schlitz kann entsprechend der Tiefenänderung der Druck innerhalb des Getriebegehäuses 16 wieder reduziert werden, wobei der Ausgleichsbehälter 22 über eine Entlüftungsleitung 26 entlüftet oder befüllt werden kann, welche in ein Kugelventil mündet.When pulling out the trench wall cutter 10 from the slot can according to the depth change of the pressure within the gear housing 16 are again reduced, wherein the surge tank 22 can be vented or filled via a vent line 26, which opens into a ball valve.

Eine erste Ausführungsform zur Druckerzeugung in einem Ausgleichsbehälter 22a für die Erfindung ist in Figur 2a dargestellt. Der zylindrische Ausgleichsbehälter 22a ist teilweise mit einem Getriebeöl 5 gefüllt, welches über eine Fluidleitung 24a mit dem Getriebeöl in dem Getriebe korrespondiert. Zur Druckeinstellung kann über ein nicht dargestelltes Stellventil, gesteuert von der Steuereinrichtung, Druckluft über eine Druckluftleitung 25a in den Ausgleichsbehälter 22a eingeleitet werden. Im Ausgleichsbehälter 22a können Sensoren 42, 43 angeordnet sein, welche neben einer Druckmessung auch für eine Ölstandsmesseinrichtung eingesetzt werden können.A first embodiment for generating pressure in a surge tank 22a for the invention is shown in FIG. 2a. The cylindrical expansion tank 22a is partially filled with a transmission oil 5, which corresponds via a fluid line 24a with the transmission oil in the transmission. For pressure adjustment can be introduced via a non-illustrated control valve, controlled by the control device, compressed air via a compressed air line 25a in the expansion tank 22a. In the surge tank 22a sensors 42, 43 may be arranged, which can be used in addition to a pressure measurement for an oil level measuring device.

Gemäß der alternativen Ausführungsform von Figur 2b kann in einem zylindrischen Ausgleichsbehälter 22b der Druck des Getriebeöls 5 auch über einen Kolben 28b eingestellt werden. Zwischen dem Kolben 28b und dem Getriebeöl 5 befindet sich ein definierte Gasmenge 30, welche als ein Dämpfungselement bei der Druckeinstellung dienen kann. Insbesondere kann die Druckanpassung in Stufen erfolgen, was durch einfache Ventilsteuerung realisiert werden kann. Die Stellung des Kolbens 28b wird mittels eines hydraulisch oder pneumatisch betriebenen Stellzylinders 32 mit einer Kolbenstange 34b bewirkt. Durch entsprechende Beaufschlagung der Anschlüsse 36 kann von der Steuereinrichtung die Stellung des Kolbens im Ausgleichsbehälter 22 definiert vorgegeben werden.According to the alternative embodiment of FIG. 2b, the pressure of the transmission oil 5 can also be adjusted via a piston 28b in a cylindrical expansion tank 22b. Between the piston 28b and the transmission oil 5 is a defined amount of gas 30, which can serve as a damping element in the pressure setting. In particular, the pressure adjustment can be done in stages, which can be realized by simple valve control. The position of the piston 28b is effected by means of a hydraulically or pneumatically operated adjusting cylinder 32 with a piston rod 34b. By appropriate loading of the connections 36, the position of the piston in the expansion tank 22 can be predetermined by the control device.

Eine hydraulische Anordnung ist in Figur 2c gezeigt, wobei der Ausgleichsbehälter 22c wie der Ausgleichsbehälter 22a von Figur 2a ausgebildet ist. Die Druckleitung zur Zuführung von Gas ist als eine Kopplungsleitung 40 ausgebildet, welche in einen Hydraulikbehälter 38 mündet, der teilweise mit Hydrauliköl 7 gefüllt ist. Das im Hydraulikbehälter 38 befindliche Gas ist über eine Blase 39c von dem Hydrauliköl 7 getrennt. Durch entsprechende Zu- und Ableitung von Hydrauliköl 7 über die Hydraulikleitung 41c kann die Größe der Blase 39c und damit über die Kopplungsleitung 40 der Druck im Ausgleichsbehälter 22c in der gewünschten Weise beeinflusst werden.A hydraulic arrangement is shown in Figure 2c, with the surge tank 22c being the same as the surge tank 22a of Figure 2a. The pressure line for supplying gas is designed as a coupling line 40, which opens into a hydraulic tank 38, which is partially filled with hydraulic oil 7. The gas in the hydraulic tank 38 is separated from the hydraulic oil 7 via a bladder 39 c. By appropriate supply and discharge of hydraulic oil 7 via the hydraulic line 41c, the size of the bladder 39c and thus via the coupling line 40, the pressure in the surge tank 22c can be influenced in the desired manner.

Eine vereinfachte Ausführungsform der vorbeschriebenen Anordnung ist in Figur 2d gezeigt. In dem Ausgleichsbehälter 22d ist nicht nur das Getriebeöl 5 sondern auch das Hydrauliköl 7 sowie eine definierte Gasmenge 30d vorgesehen, welche beide in einer elastischen Blase 39d vom Getriebeöl 5 getrennt sind. Über die Hydraulikleitung 41d kann das Volumen des Hydrauliköls 7 im Ausgleichsbehälter 22d verändert und damit eine entsprechende Druckänderung des im oberen Bereich angeordneten Getriebsöls 5 bewirkt werden, welches wiederum über die Fluidleitung 24d mit dem Inneren des Getriebegehäuses in Leitungsverbindung steht. Das Gasvolumen 30d in der Blase 39d dient als eine Gasvorlage zur Dämpfung der Druckänderung.A simplified embodiment of the above-described arrangement is shown in FIG. 2d. In the surge tank 22d, not only the transmission oil 5 but also the hydraulic oil 7 and a defined gas amount 30d are provided, both of which are separated from the transmission oil 5 in an elastic bladder 39d. Via the hydraulic line 41d, the volume of the hydraulic oil 7 in the expansion tank 22d changed and thus a corresponding pressure change of arranged in the upper region gear oil 5 can be effected, which in turn is connected via the fluid line 24d with the interior of the transmission housing in line connection. The gas volume 30d in the bladder 39d serves as a gas reservoir for damping the pressure change.

Eine ähnliche Ausführungsform ist bei dem Ausgleichsbehälter 22e gemäß Figur 2e gegeben. Auch hier befindet sich in einem unteren Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters 22e ein Hydrauliköl 7 mit einer Gasmenge 30e, welche über einen Kolben 28e von einem darüber angeordneten Getriebeöl 5 getrennt sind. Durch Zuleitung von Hydrauliköl 7 über die Hydraulikleitung 41e kann der Druck innerhalb des Ausgleichsbehälters 22e verändert werden, wobei sich der Druck des Getriebeöls 5 über die Fluidleitung 24e auf das Getriebeöl innerhalb des Getriebes überträgt. Gleichzeitig kann über einen Sensor 46e die Erstreckung der Kolbenstangen 34e als Maß für den Getriebeölstand ermittelt werden.A similar embodiment is given in the surge tank 22e according to Figure 2e. Again, located in a lower region of the surge tank 22e, a hydraulic oil 7 with a gas amount 30e, which are separated by a piston 28e of a gear oil arranged above 5. By supplying hydraulic oil 7 via the hydraulic line 41e, the pressure within the surge tank 22e can be changed, wherein the pressure of the transmission oil 5 transfers via the fluid line 24e to the transmission oil within the transmission. At the same time, the extent of the piston rods 34e can be determined as a measure of the transmission oil level via a sensor 46e.

Claims (16)

  1. Foundation engineering device comprising a gear with a gear housing (16) and a pressure device for changing an internal pressure present in the gear housing (16),
    characterized in that
    an active setting device (20) is provided, which can be controlled via a control device to change the internal pressure present in the gear housing (16).
  2. Foundation engineering device according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the setting device (20) is designed for changing the filling of the gear housing (16).
  3. Foundation engineering device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the setting device (20) has a pump and/or a compensating tank (22) which are connected to the gear housing (16) through lines in order to supply and/or discharge a fluid.
  4. Foundation engineering device according to claim 3,
    characterized in that
    a defined pressure can be set in the compensating tank (22), with the supply of fluid into the gear housing (16) being controllable through a control valve.
  5. Foundation engineering device according to any one of claims 3 or 4,
    characterized in that
    the setting device (20) has a volume changing device, in particular a piston (28), to change an internal volume of the compensating tank (22).
  6. Foundation engineering device according to claim 3 to 5,
    characterized in that
    the compensating tank (22) is filled at least partly with gear oil which serves as fluid for changing the pressure.
  7. Foundation engineering device according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    in the compensating tank a second fluid is provided that is separated from the gear oil by a separating element such as a piston, a membrane or a bubble.
  8. Foundation engineering device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    a damping member is provided, through which a pressure transmission to the gear oil can be damped in particular, the damping member having in particular a separating element with arranged spring or a gas volume (30) provided.
  9. Foundation engineering device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that
    a pressure sensor (42, 43) is provided for measuring a pressure inside and/or outside the gear housing (16), which is in signalling contact with the control device.
  10. Foundation engineering device according to any one of claims 3 to 9,
    characterized in that
    an oil-level measuring device is provided for detecting a gear oil level in the compensating tank (22), which is in signalling contact with the control device in particular.
  11. Foundation engineering device according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    it is constructed as a trench cutter (10).
  12. Method for operating a foundation engineering device, in particular a foundation engineering device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, having a gear (14) with a gear housing (16) and a pressure device for changing an internal pressure present in the gear housing (16),
    characterized in that
    the internal pressure present in the gear housing (16) is changed by means of an active setting device (20) which is controlled by a control device.
  13. Method according to claim 12,
    characterized in that
    an external pressure is measured at the gear housing (16) by means of an external pressure sensor (43) and the internal pressure is controlled as a function of the measured external pressure.
  14. Method according to any one of claims 12 or 13,
    characterized in that
    a depth position of the gear housing (16) is determined and the internal pressure is controlled as a function of the depth position.
  15. Method according to any one of claims 12 to 14,
    characterized in that
    a measurement of the internal pressure is carried out in the gear housing (16) by means of an internal pressure sensor (42) and the internal pressure is regulated by the control device.
  16. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the internal pressure in the gear housing (16) is controlled and/or regulated such that it is equal to or smaller or larger than the measured external pressure by a defined pressure difference.
EP04021724A 2003-11-04 2004-09-13 Apparatus for subsoil constructions provided with a pressurized gerabox and method of regulating pressure inside said gearbox Expired - Lifetime EP1529924B1 (en)

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PL04021724T PL1529924T3 (en) 2003-11-04 2004-09-13 Apparatus for subsoil constructions provided with a pressurized gerabox and method of regulating pressure inside said gearbox

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DE10351386A DE10351386A1 (en) 2003-11-04 2003-11-04 Transmission and method for controlling an internal pressure in the transmission
DE10351386 2003-11-04

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EP1529924B1 true EP1529924B1 (en) 2006-08-02

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EP (1) EP1529924B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3834045B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100371541C (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202019102477U1 (en) 2019-02-27 2020-06-03 Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh Drive device for a trench cutter
WO2020173788A1 (en) 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh Drive device for a diaphragm wall cutter

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JP3834045B2 (en) 2006-10-18
RU2004132073A (en) 2006-04-10
ATE335119T1 (en) 2006-08-15
EP1529924A1 (en) 2005-05-11
ES2268556T3 (en) 2007-03-16
RU2292424C2 (en) 2007-01-27
PL1529924T3 (en) 2006-11-30
JP2005140328A (en) 2005-06-02
DE10351386A1 (en) 2005-06-09
DE502004001087D1 (en) 2006-09-14
CN1614160A (en) 2005-05-11
CN100371541C (en) 2008-02-27
US7789201B2 (en) 2010-09-07
US20050091885A1 (en) 2005-05-05

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