EP1527247B1 - Door actuator - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a door operator, in particular the door lock, of rail vehicles, comprising a spindle drive whose spindle is connected to a freewheel, which allows the rotation of the spindle in the direction corresponding to the closing direction of the door, and the rotation of the spindle in the direction , which corresponds to the opening direction, prevents the spindle-distal part of the freewheel rotatably, but by a ventilated by a solenoid clutch, brake or the like. is mounted releasably fixed relative to a ventilation device against the force of at least one Anpreßfeder and the brake, clutch or the like. fixed or fixable in its open position

Such a door drive according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from US 3,745,705 A known. It describes a pivoting sliding door, which is driven by a spindle which moves a door leaf via a nut. A freewheel connected to the spindle permits movement of the door leaf in the closing direction, but prevents movement in the opening direction. A gear connected to the freewheel can be locked via a latchable in the recesses of the gear pawl. This is done in the closed position of the door. In order to allow the opening of the door, the pawl is brought by means of a magnet in a gear-releasing position, whereby the freewheel in its entirety is rotatable about the spindle axis. By means of a retaining bolt, the pawl is fixed in the gear releasing position, whereby a power-off of the magnet during the opening and closing of the door is possible. The pawl remains in the released position during the entire opening and closing operation of the door. Only just before the door edges when closing abut each other or on a door frame, the retaining latch is moved by a pin moved with the door leaf, whereby the pawl engages in the gear. Due to the freewheel is now possible despite locked gear, the achievement of an optimal tightness with tension end position.

The GB 2 283 054 A and the WO 95/09959 describe a pivoting sliding door, which is driven by a spindle, which moves the door via a nut. The drive end remote from the spindle is connected via a freewheel with a receptacle. The freewheel allows the rotation of the spindle in the direction corresponding to the closing movement of the door, even with recorded recording. This is optionally rotatably or rotatably mounted under the action of a brake or clutch. The receptacle is connected via a shaft with a clutch disc. A rod acts on two, relative to the car body non-rotatable and with respect to the shaft axially displaceable counter discs. If the rod is displaced in the predetermined direction, then the clutch disc and thus the receptacle is released, whereby an opening of the door is made possible. This release takes place in normal operation by an electromagnet or in an emergency by means of a Bowden cable. The brake or clutch remains released as long as the solenoid is energized. In an interruption of the current, the brake or clutch is brought by means of springs in the unventilated position.

Numerous rail vehicles have door drives that have a spindle drive. To allow at any time to close the door, even a manual closing, a freewheel is arranged at one end of the spindle, which allows the rotation of the spindle in the direction corresponding to the closing movement of the door, a rotation of the spindle in the direction of the Opening movement corresponds but prevented. In order to still be able to open the door, the spindelfeme part of the freewheel is rotatably mounted with respect to the car body and fixed in general by a brake, clutch or the like. If it comes in the course of normal operation to open the door, so this brake, clutch or the like. released by a solenoid, so that the door drive can rotate the spindle in the direction corresponding to the opening movement of the door, whereby it naturally entrains the entire freewheel. If it comes in emergency or dangerous situations for manual opening, so this brake, clutch or the like. be vented through the Tümotgriff and the door can be opened by hand.

These doors have proven themselves in operation excellent and represent a widespread standard solution for the doors of rail vehicles, in particular because of their compact design, their robust construction and their reliability.

A certain disadvantage of such doors is the solenoid, which must be activated during each opening movement of the door over the entire opening time and therefore must be designed for a longer service life. Since he also has to overcome considerable forces, it is necessary to provide a correspondingly powerful and therefore large, expensive, current-requiring lifting magnet.

In addition, in the parked state of the wagons, thus in powerless or powerless door drive, it is not easy for the cleaning personnel or for inspection forces to get into the vehicle, as to the relatively inaccessible point outward Tümotgriff must be operated. Inside the Tümotgriff is of course provided in the immediate vicinity of the door.

According to current requirements is prescribed by many rail authorities that the door drive on a power storage, in practice, always a condenser, must have 24 hours after the parking of the vehicle allows, by pressing the appropriate button the brake, clutch or the like , to ventilate and thus open the door. This causes problems when a door is closed again after opening, since under all circumstances, a release of the brake, clutch or the like is necessary to open, but in the second attempt, the capacitor is usually already empty.

The invention thus has the object to provide a device with which in a door drive of the type mentioned the problems mentioned do not occur and it is particularly possible to find with smaller solenoids Auslangen and with the energy stored in the conventional capacitors the door several times to open.

According to the invention, these objects are achieved by the feature combinations of independent claims 1 and 2, respectively. A closing magnet for locking the brake, clutch od. Like. Is provided. Thereby, the brake or clutch can be brought at any time in the locked position, whereby a movement of the door in the opening direction is prevented.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the closing magnet and the lifting magnet are designed in the form of a double-acting magnet. Simple, small, double-acting magnets can be used.

According to the first embodiment, the fixation is carried out by a linkage for the movement of the brake or clutch od.dergl., Which is guided in the course of the ventilation movement over a dead center. Thus, the brake or clutch remains in the open position despite the pressing spring, even when the solenoid is de-energized.

According to the second embodiment, the brake, clutch od.dergl., Or connected to it, magnetizable component in the open position of a permanent magnet approximated so that its attractive force keeps the brake open against the force of the pressure spring when the Solenoid is switched off.

In this way, the activation of the solenoid is only during movement - airing or locking - the brake, clutch or the like., But not needed to hold in the open position and therefore, small, double-acting magnets can be used, which also with conventional Capacitors allow multiple opening operations.

• die Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in ihrer gelüfteten Position im Schnitt entlang der Linie I - I der Fig. 2,
• die Fig. 2 die Vorrichtung der Figur 1 in einem Schnitt um 90° gedreht zu dem der Fig. 1,
• die Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 Schnitte durch die Vorrichtung gemäß der Fig. 1 und 2, im verriegelten Zustand und
• die Fig. 5 und 6 Varianten der Erfindung mit Permanentmagneten.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. It shows

• the Fig. 1 a device according to the invention in its released position in section along the line I - I of Fig. 2 .
• the Fig. 2 the device of FIG. 1 rotated in a section by 90 ° to the Fig. 1 .
• the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 Cuts through the device according to the Fig. 1 and 2 , in the locked state and
• the FIGS. 5 and 6 Variants of the invention with permanent magnets.

In the drawing, one of the ends of a generic door drive in the region of the associated ventilation device 2 is shown. A spindle 1 of the door drive, with the (not shown) türfemen end of the freewheel, the brake or the like. The ventilation device 2 consists in the illustrated embodiment of a toothed disc 3, which is non-rotatably, but axially displaceable relative to the car body 4 is arranged and by means of Anpreßfedem 5 in the direction of the axis 7 of Spindle 1 is pressed against the spindle toothed disk 6.

In order to allow the door to open, it is known from the prior art to provide a lifting magnet 8 in the ventilation device 2 which, by means of a mechanism generally referred to as linkage or lever 9, the rotationally fixed toothed disc 3 axially against the force of the pressure springs 5 moved away from the spindle toothed disk 6 so far that, as in Fig. 1 shown, the ridges of the teeth low air in the axial direction to each other have, so that the spindle disc 6 can rotate in the direction which is blocked by the (not shown) freewheel. The remote parts of the freewheel rotate with it, so that the entire freewheel rotates with the spindle 1.

According to the invention is now provided in the ventilation device 2, the linkage or the lever 9 in such a way that it is in the position in which it rotates the non-rotatable toothed disc 3 sufficient, even if the solenoid 8 is de-energized This is done in the illustrated Embodiment characterized in that the lever 9 passes in the course of the ventilation movement over a so-called dead center and in the end position beyond the dead center, as it is in Fig. 1 is shown, the gears are in the disengaged position.

The entire mechanism of the lever 9 is from the Fig. 2 clearly recognizable, it consists of the angled, possibly multi-part lever 9, the hinge is pivotally mounted in the ventilation device 2 in a bearing 11, and by means of rollers 10 on the periphery of the rotationally fixed, but axially movable toothed disc 3 acts. The rollers describe around the axis of the bearing 11 a circular arc, where, as from the cohesion between Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 appears in the in Fig. 3 shown locked position, the teeth of the rotationally fixed toothed disc 3 and the spindle toothed disc 6 are engaged, while in the in Fig. 1 shown location of these gears spaced from each other, are just aired.

Order from in the Fig. 1 shown, ventilated position to get back into the locked position, it is, unlike in the prior art, necessary to activate the lifting magnet 8 in the other direction, which makes it necessary, instead of a solenoid in the strict sense, a reversing solenoid or a to use double-acting magnet, which only serves to overcome the dead center, since both end positions remain stable.

The dead center mechanism is based in the illustrated embodiment on the arrangement of the two end positions of the linkage 9, as in Fig. 1 respectively. Fig. 3 The roller 10, actually its axis of rotation, takes between the two end positions once a position in which the connecting plane between the bearing axis 12 and the axis of rotation parallel to the direction of displacement of the Sprocket 3 (in the direction of the spring force) runs. This position corresponds to the dead center, since on both sides by the angular position of the connection plane relative to the displacement direction, a component of the spring force acts away from the dead center on the linkage.

The variant shown in the drawing is not only robust, but allows easy adjustment and by the appropriate choice of the length of the lever arms of the lever 9 a favorable translation, so even with an extremely small and little power receiving lifting 8 a large force of the pressure springs 5 can be overcome, as in a comparison between the Fig. 1 and 3 is easily apparent.

The FIGS. 5 and 6 show the variant of the invention with at least one, preferably a plurality of evenly arranged along the periphery of a circle in the housing permanent magnet 13th

The Fig. 5 shows the locked position in which there is an air gap H between the housing and the toothed disc 3, which meshes with the spindle gear 6 against the car body 4 non-rotatable toothed disc 3 and thus prevents the rotation of the spindle 1 in the opening direction.

The Fig. 6 shows the released position in which the teeth are disengaged, as the tooth gap 15 between the two tooth areas, the air gap H, however, is closed, the toothed disc 3 is in the contact area 16 on the housing or has a minimum, barely representable distance, as the toothed disc 3 rests on the permanent magnet 13 and is to be regarded as a kind of yoke. The holding force of the permanent magnets 13 is greater than the force of the pressure springs 5, so that even when switched off solenoid 8 'the brake, clutch, od.dergl. remains stable ventilated.

To get back into the locked position, the lifting magnet 8 'are energized in the opposite direction, the combined force of the lifting magnet and the pressure springs overcomes the attraction of the permanent magnet and the position according to Fig. 5 will be achieved again. In this position, the force of the pressure springs 5 (linear force drop with increasing distance) is greater than the attraction force of the permanent magnets (square force drop with increasing distance), and also this position is thus stably with de-energized lifting magnet 8 '.

It can thus be effected by a change of position with a short surge by the double-acting solenoid 8 'and alternately by two opposing sets of single-acting solenoids, which on the one hand saves electricity, on the other hand it is possible to use stronger magnets, since their thermal stress caused by the short-term activation no problems

The toothing between the fixed toothed disc 3 and the spindle toothed disc 6 may be formed symmetrically or asymmetrically and in the latter case, especially in one direction, according to the closing direction of the door, be formed so flat that it represents an additional freewheel, ie that od in an emergency .dgl. from the user of the door with predetermined force against the pressure springs 5, the two discs 3, 6 tooth by tooth against each other are rotatable. In addition, asymmetric tooth flanks, in particular, make it possible to drive the torque required for climbing over in the opening direction to any desired level, with the mechanical stability and, if appropriate, a desired possibility for overcrowding, being a practical limit.

Claims (7)

1. A door actuator in particular the door lock for rails vehicles comprising a spindle drive, the spindle of which is connected to a free wheel, permitting rotation in the direction corresponding to the closing of the door and preventing rotation in the direction corresponding to the opening of the door. The part of the free wheel (1) furthest from the spindle is mounted such as to rotate, but with a releasable fixing relative to a release device (2) achieved by means of a coupling (3, 6), a brake or similar which may be released by means of a solenoid (8) against the force of at least one pressure spring (5) and the brake, coupling or similar is or may be fixed in the open position, characterised in that the coupling, the brake or similar (3,6) are operated by means of a bar (9) which is mobile between the release position of the bar (9) and between the lock position of the bar (9), whereby between them, there is a dead point ; and also characterised in that a closing magnet is provided for locking the coupling, the brake or similar.
2. A door actuator in particular the door lock for rails vehicles comprising a spindle drive, the spindle of which is connected to a free wheel, permitting rotation in the direction corresponding to the closing of the door and preventing rotation in the direction corresponding to the opening of the door. The part of the free wheel (1) furthest from the spindle is mounted such as to rotate, but with a releasable fixing relative to a release device (2) achieved by means of a coupling (3, 6), a brake or similar which may be released bei means of a solenoid (8) against the force of at least one pressure spring (5) and the brake, coupling or similar is or may be fixed in the open position, characterised in that the fixation is realised by means of a permanent magnet (13), in that a closing magnet is provided for locking the brake, the coupling or similar against the force of the permanent magnet (13) and characterised in that in the release position the mobile part (3) which presents a ferromagnetic material comes close to at least one permanent magnet (13) so that the attractive force of the said permanent magnet is greater than the force of the pressure spring (5).
3. A door actuator according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the closing magnet and the solenoid (8, 8') are double acting.
4. A door actuator according to claim 1, characterised in that the bar (9) is presenting a lever which is pivotable about an axis (12), whereby the solenoid (8) acts directly or indirectly on one arm of the said lever and whereby the other arm of the said lever carries directly or indirectly rolls (10) comprising an axis of rotation extending aligned and parallel to the axis (12) ; whereby the said rolls are carrying the part (3) of the coupling (3,6), the brake or similar from the release position into the locking position ; the said part being movable between the release position and the locking position, and characterised in that a dead position is achieved when the connecting level between the rotation axis (10) and the axis (12) extends parallel with respect to the direction of motion of the mobile part (3) of the coupling, the brake or similar.
5. A door actuator according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the mobile part located entre the release position and the lock position of the coupling, brake or similar is a tooth disc (3) which can be moved with respect to the release device axially against the force of at least one pressure spring (5) ; the said tooth disc being nonetheless torque proof.
6. A door actuator according to claim 2, characterised in that the mobile part (3) is essentially composed of at least a ferromagnetic material and the said mobile contacts at least one permanent magnet (13) in the release position.
7. A door actuator according to claim 2, characterised in that several permanent magnets are provided which are disposed along the circumference of a circle extending concentrically with respect to the spindle drive (7).

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