EP1521869A1 - Spinning method - Google Patents

Spinning method

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Publication number
EP1521869A1
EP1521869A1 EP03762524A EP03762524A EP1521869A1 EP 1521869 A1 EP1521869 A1 EP 1521869A1 EP 03762524 A EP03762524 A EP 03762524A EP 03762524 A EP03762524 A EP 03762524A EP 1521869 A1 EP1521869 A1 EP 1521869A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
cooling medium
filament bundle
filament
filaments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03762524A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1521869B1 (en
Inventor
Hendrik Middeljans
Eric Heuveling
Bastiaan Krins
Johannes Frederik Boer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
API Institute
Original Assignee
Diolen Industrial Fibers BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diolen Industrial Fibers BV filed Critical Diolen Industrial Fibers BV
Priority to EP03762524A priority Critical patent/EP1521869B1/en
Publication of EP1521869A1 publication Critical patent/EP1521869A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1521869B1 publication Critical patent/EP1521869B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for spinning a multifilament thread from a thermoplastic material comprising the steps in which the melted material is extruded through a plurality of nozzle holes of a spinneret into a bundle of filaments with many filaments and wound up as a thread after solidification, and in which the bundle of filaments is cooled below the spinneret.
  • the present invention further relates to polyester filament yarns and cords containing such polyester filament yarns.
  • thermoplastic polymers The cooling behavior of the thermoplastic polymers is quite complicated and depends on a number of parameters.
  • differences in birefringence behavior occur during cooling the filament cross-section because the filament skin cools faster than the inside, the core, the filaments.
  • the cooling thus largely determines the crystallization of the polymers in the filament, which is noticeable when the filaments are used later, for example in drawing.
  • the method as described in the preamble of claim 1, is characterized in that the cooling is carried out in two stages, the filament bundle being flowed through in a first cooling zone by means of a gaseous cooling medium in such a way that the gaseous one Cooling medium flows through the filament bundle transversely by leaving the filament bundle on the side opposite the upstream side practically completely again, and in a second cooling zone below the first cooling zone the filament bundle is cooled further essentially by self-suction of gaseous cooling medium located in the vicinity of the filament bundle.
  • the present invention is therefore a two-stage cooling.
  • the filament bundle is flowed through by the gaseous cooling medium. It is particularly important that the cooling medium practically completely covers the filament bundle on the side opposite the upstream side leaves again.
  • the cooling medium should therefore not be entrained by the filament bundle in this stage of cooling.
  • the gaseous cooling medium flows through the filament bundle transversely to the direction of movement of the filament bundle, that is to say a so-called transverse blowing is set. This blowing can be designed effectively by suctioning off the gaseous cooling medium after it has flowed through the bundle of threads by means of a suction device.
  • the configuration can be such that the bundle of filaments is passed between a blowing device and a suction device.
  • Another possibility is to divide the filament flow and, for example, to set up a blowing in the middle between two filament flows, such as, for example, through a perforated tube that runs parallel for a certain distance and between the filament flows.
  • the gaseous cooling medium can then be blown outwards from the center of the filament bundle through the filament bundle.
  • the reverse blowing and suction passage would also be conceivable, in that the tube running in the middle of the filament streams serves as suction and the blowing is then carried out from the outside in.
  • the flow velocity of the gaseous cooling medium is between 0.1 and 1 m / s. At these speeds there is a uniform cooling largely without turbulence and formation of skin / core differences in the crystallization.
  • the first cooling zone has a length of between 0.2 and 1.2 m.
  • a flow over this length and under the conditions described above gives the desired degree of cooling in the first zone or stage.
  • the second stage of cooling is carried out by means of so-called self-suction yarn cooling.
  • the filament bundle entrains the gaseous cooling medium, for example ambient air, in its environment and is further cooled.
  • the gaseous cooling medium for example ambient air
  • the self-priming unit can be formed by two perforated plates that run parallel to the filament bundle, so-called double-sided plates.
  • the length is at least 10 cm and can be up to several meters upwards. Lengths of 30 cm to 150 cm are very common for this self-priming section.
  • the second cooling stage is carried out by passing the filaments between perforated materials, e.g. perforated plates, is carried out so that the gaseous cooling medium can hit the filaments during self-suction from two sides.
  • thermocouple the cooling medium which is sucked in through the filament bundle for example by using heat exchangers.
  • This embodiment allows the process to be carried out independently of the ambient temperature, which has an advantageous effect on the long-term stability of the process, for example day-night or summer-winter differences.
  • a so-called heating tube is usually located between the spinneret or nozzle plate and the beginning of the first cooling zone.
  • this element which is familiar to the person skilled in the art, is between 10 and 40 cm long.
  • a bundling step can advantageously be carried out in a manner known per se, e.g. by so-called air movers or air knives. Furthermore, this bundling step can also take place within the second cooling zone.
  • the process according to the invention can also have the filaments drawn in a manner known per se.
  • the term stretching is to be understood here to mean all of the methods customary and familiar to the person skilled in the art for drawing the filaments. This can be done for example by godets, individually or in duos, or the like. It should be expressly mentioned that drawing relates both to drawing ratios greater than 1 and to ratios less than 1. The specialist is familiar with the latter under the term relaxation. Draw ratios greater than and less than 1 certainly occur side by side within a process.
  • the total draw ratio is usually calculated from the ratio of the draw speeds or - if there is also relaxation - the winding speed at the end of the process and the spinning speed of the filaments, i.e. the speed at which the filament bundles pass through the cooling zones.
  • a typical constellation is, for example, a spinning speed of 2760 m / min, stretching at 6000 m / min, additional relaxation after the stretching of 0.5%, i.e. a winding speed of 5970 m / min. This results in an overall draw ratio of 2.16.
  • speeds of at least 2000 m / min are therefore preferred for the winding.
  • the process is technically real
  • speed that can be set.
  • about 6000 m / min are preferred for the upper speed range during winding.
  • a chute may be located upstream of the stretching devices and behind the cooling zones. This element is also known per se.
  • Air or an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is preferably used as the gaseous cooling medium.
  • thermoplastic materials are polymers such as polyester, polyamide, polyolefin or also mixtures or copolymers of these types.
  • thermoplastic material consists essentially of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the method according to the invention allows the production of filaments which are particularly well suited for technical applications, in particular for use in tire cord.
  • the process is also well suited for the production of technical yarns.
  • the settings required for the spinning of technical yarns, in particular the choice of the nozzle and the length of the heating tube, are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the invention is therefore also directed to filament yarns, in particular polyester filament yarns, which can be obtained by the process described above.
  • the present invention is directed to such polyester filament yarns with a book strength T in mN / tex and an elongation at break E in%, in which the product of the tensile strength T and the third root of the elongation at break E (T * E 1/3 ) is at least 1600 mN% is 1/3 / tex.
  • This product is preferably between 1600 and 1800 mN% 1/3 / tex.
  • the invention is directed to polyester filament yarns in which the sum of their elongation in% after application of a specific force EAST (“elongation at specific tension”) of 410 mN / tex and their hot air shrinkage at 180 ° C. (HAS) in %, ie the sum of EAST + HAS, is less than 11%, preferably less than 10.5%.
  • EAST elongation at specific tension
  • the EAST is measured in accordance with ASTM 885 and the HAS is also determined in accordance with ASTM 885, with the proviso that the measurement is carried out at 180 ° C., at 5 mN / tex and over 2 minutes.
  • the present invention is directed to tire cords which contain polyester filament yarns, the cord having a retention capacity Rt in%, which is characterized in that the quality factor Q f , which is the product of T * E 1/3 of the polyester filament yarns and Rt of the cord represents, is greater than 1350 mN% 4/3 / tex.
  • the retention capacity is to be understood as the quotient of the breaking strength of the cord after dipping and the breaking strength of the threads.
  • the quality factor is particularly preferably greater than 1375 mN% 4 3 / tex and is advantageously up to 1800 mN% 4/3 / tex.
  • the invention is illustrated by the examples below, without being limited to these examples.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate granules with a relative viscosity of 2.04 (measured on a solution of 1 g of polymer in 125 g of a mixture of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and phenol (TCF / F, 7:10 m / m) at 25 ° C. was spun in an Ubbelohde (DIN 51562) viscometer and cooled under the conditions listed in Table 1. The stretching speed was 6000 m / min. An additional relaxation of 0.5% was set, winding speed: 5970 m / min.
  • the yarn properties were determined on three samples and are shown in Table 2.
  • the quality factor Qf is the product of T * E 1/3 and the retention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

A method is provided for spinning a multifilament thread from a thermoplastic material, including the steps of extruding the melted material through a spinneret with a plurality of spinneret holes into a filament bundle with a plurality of filaments, winding the filaments as thread after solidifying, and cooling the filament bundle beneath the spinneret, whereby in a first cooling zone the gaseous cooling medium is directed in such a way that it flows through the filament bundle transversely, the cooling medium leaving the filament bundle practically completely on the side opposite the inflow side, and in a second cooling zone beneath the first cooling zone, the filament bundle being cooled further essentially through self-suction of the gaseous cooling medium surrounding the filament bundle.

Description

Spinnverfahren spinning process
Beschreibung:Description:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Spinnen eines multifilen Fadens aus einem thermoplastischen Material umfassend die Schritte, bei welchem das aufgeschmolzene Material durch eine Vielzahl von Düsenlöchern einer Spinndüse zu einem Filamentbundel mit vielen Filamenten extrudiert und nach dem Erstarren als Faden aufgewickelt wird, und bei welchem das Filamentbundel unterhalb der Spinndüse abgekühlt wird.The present invention relates to a method for spinning a multifilament thread from a thermoplastic material comprising the steps in which the melted material is extruded through a plurality of nozzle holes of a spinneret into a bundle of filaments with many filaments and wound up as a thread after solidification, and in which the bundle of filaments is cooled below the spinneret.
Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung Polyesterfilamentgarne und Corde, die solche Polyesterfilamentgarne enthalten.The present invention further relates to polyester filament yarns and cords containing such polyester filament yarns.
Ein Verfahren wie oben beschrieben ist aus der EP-A-1 079 008 bekannt. Dabei werden beim Spinnen die frisch extrudierten Filamente in ihrer Fortbewegung durch einen Luftstrom unterstützt. Dabei kommt es also im wesentlichen zu einer Abkühlung durch einen parallel zum Faden strömenden Kühlmittelstrom. Mit einer solchen Art der Abkühlung werden in aller Regel gute Ergebnisse erreicht, insbesondere bei hohen Abzugsgeschwindigkeiten.A method as described above is known from EP-A-1 079 008. When spinning, the freshly extruded filaments are supported in their movement by an air stream. This essentially results in cooling by a coolant flow flowing parallel to the thread. With this type of cooling, good results are generally achieved, especially at high take-off speeds.
Das Abkühlverhalten der thermoplastischen Polymere ist durchaus kompliziert und von einer Reihe von Parametern abhängig. Insbesondere kommt es während der Abkühlung zur Ausbildung von Unterschieden im Doppelbrechungsverhalten über den Filamentquerschnitt, weil die Filamenthaut schneller abkühlt als das Innere, der Kern, der Filamente. Darüber hinaus treten auf diese Weise auch Unterschiede in der Kristallisation zwischen Filamenten auf. Das Abkühlen bestimmt also im hohen Maße die Kristallisation der Polymere im Filament, was sich beim späteren Einsatz der Filamente, z.B. in der Verstreckung, bemerkbar macht. Für eine Reihe von Anwendungen ist es erwünscht, möglichst rasch nach der Extrusion einen hohen Grad an Abkühlung zu erreichen, um eine rasche Kristallisationsbildung zu fördern.The cooling behavior of the thermoplastic polymers is quite complicated and depends on a number of parameters. In particular, differences in birefringence behavior occur during cooling the filament cross-section because the filament skin cools faster than the inside, the core, the filaments. In addition, there are differences in the crystallization between filaments. The cooling thus largely determines the crystallization of the polymers in the filament, which is noticeable when the filaments are used later, for example in drawing. For a number of applications it is desirable to achieve a high degree of cooling as quickly as possible after the extrusion in order to promote rapid crystallization.
Die Abkühlungsverfahren des Standes der Technik erreichen diese Anforderungen oftmals nicht oder nicht ausreichend.The cooling methods of the prior art often fail to meet these requirements, or do not achieve them sufficiently.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, das für eine effektive Abkühlung der extrudierten Filamente sorgt und dadurch eine gute Kristallisierung in den Filamenten bewirkt, insbesondere auch bei relativ niedrigen Aufwickelgeschwindigkeiten.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process which ensures effective cooling of the extruded filaments and thereby brings about good crystallization in the filaments, in particular even at relatively low winding speeds.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Verfahren, wie im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschrieben, sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Abkühlung in zwei Stufen durchgeführt wird, wobei in einer ersten Abkühlzone das Filamentbundel mittels eines gasförmigen Kühlmediums so angeströmt wird, dass das gasförmige Kühlmedium das Filamentbundel quer durchströmt, indem es das Filamentbundel auf der der Anströmseite gegenüberliegenden Seite praktisch vollständig wieder verläßt, und in einer zweiten Abkühlzone unterhalb der ersten Abkühlzone das Filamentbundel im wesentlichen durch Selbstansaugung von in der Umgebung des Filamentbündels befindlichem gasförmigen Kühlmediums weiter abgekühlt wird.The object is achieved in that the method, as described in the preamble of claim 1, is characterized in that the cooling is carried out in two stages, the filament bundle being flowed through in a first cooling zone by means of a gaseous cooling medium in such a way that the gaseous one Cooling medium flows through the filament bundle transversely by leaving the filament bundle on the side opposite the upstream side practically completely again, and in a second cooling zone below the first cooling zone the filament bundle is cooled further essentially by self-suction of gaseous cooling medium located in the vicinity of the filament bundle.
Es handelt sich bei der vorliegenden Erfindung also um eine zweistufige Abkühlung. In der ersten Stufe wird das Filamentbundel mittels des gasförmigen Kühlmediums durchströmt. Dabei ist vor allem entscheidend, dass das Kühlmedium das Filamentbundel praktisch vollständig auf der der Anströmseite gegenüberliegenden Seite wieder verläßt. Das Kühlmedium soll in dieser Stufe der Abkühlung also möglichst nicht von dem Filamentbundel mitgerissen werden. Zur Durchführung dieser ersten Abkühlstufe ist es denkbar, dass das gasförmige Kühlmedium quer zur Bewegungsrichtung der Filamentbundel durch das Filamentbundel strömt, also eine sogenannte Queranblasung eingestellt wird. Diese Anblasung kann dadurch effektiv gestaltet werden, indem das gasförmige Kühlmedium nach dem Durchströmen des Fadenbündels mittels einer Absaugvorrichtung abgesaugt wird. Dadurch kommt es zum einen zu einer guten Ausrichtung des Abkühlstroms, zum anderen ist gewährleistet, dass das Abkühlmedium das Filamentbundel auch quantitativ wieder verläßt. So kann die Ausgestaltung z.B. derart erfolgen, dass das Filamentbundel zwischen einer Anblas- und einer Absaugvorrichtung hindurch geführt wird. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Filamentstrom zu teilen und beispielsweise in der Mitte zwischen zwei Filamentströmen eine Anblasung einzurichten, wie z.B. durch ein perforiertes Rohr, das für eine bestimmte Strecke parallel und zwischen den Filamentströmen herläuft. Man kann dann das gasförmige Kühlmedium von der Mitte der Filamentbundel aus durch die Filamentbundel nach außen blasen. Auch hier ist darauf zu achten, dass das Kühlmedium die Bündel praktisch vollständig wieder verläßt. Selbstverständlich wäre auch die umgekehrte Anblas- und Absaugdurchführung denkbar, indem das in der Mitte der Filamentströme verlaufende Rohr als Absaugung dient und die Anblasung dann von außen nach innen durchgeführt wird.The present invention is therefore a two-stage cooling. In the first stage, the filament bundle is flowed through by the gaseous cooling medium. It is particularly important that the cooling medium practically completely covers the filament bundle on the side opposite the upstream side leaves again. The cooling medium should therefore not be entrained by the filament bundle in this stage of cooling. To carry out this first cooling stage, it is conceivable that the gaseous cooling medium flows through the filament bundle transversely to the direction of movement of the filament bundle, that is to say a so-called transverse blowing is set. This blowing can be designed effectively by suctioning off the gaseous cooling medium after it has flowed through the bundle of threads by means of a suction device. On the one hand, this leads to a good alignment of the cooling stream, and on the other hand it is ensured that the cooling medium also leaves the filament bundle quantitatively again. For example, the configuration can be such that the bundle of filaments is passed between a blowing device and a suction device. Another possibility is to divide the filament flow and, for example, to set up a blowing in the middle between two filament flows, such as, for example, through a perforated tube that runs parallel for a certain distance and between the filament flows. The gaseous cooling medium can then be blown outwards from the center of the filament bundle through the filament bundle. Here too, care must be taken that the cooling medium leaves the bundles practically completely. Of course, the reverse blowing and suction passage would also be conceivable, in that the tube running in the middle of the filament streams serves as suction and the blowing is then carried out from the outside in.
Es ist bevorzugt für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wenn die Anströmgeschwindigkeit des gasförmigen Kühlmediums zwischen 0,1 und 1 m/s beträgt. Bei diesen Geschwindigkeiten kommt es zu einer gleichmäßigen Abkühlung weitgehend ohne Verwirbelungen und Ausbildung von Haut/Kern-Unterschieden bei der Kristallisation.It is preferred for the method according to the invention if the flow velocity of the gaseous cooling medium is between 0.1 and 1 m / s. At these speeds there is a uniform cooling largely without turbulence and formation of skin / core differences in the crystallization.
Es hat sich darüber hinaus als völlig ausreichend erwiesen, wenn die erste Abkühlzone eine Länge zwischen 0,2 und 1 ,2 m aufweist.It has also proven to be completely sufficient if the first cooling zone has a length of between 0.2 and 1.2 m.
Eine Anströmung über diese Länge und unter den oben beschriebenen Bedingungen ergibt den gewünschten Grad an Abkühlung in der ersten Zone bzw. Stufe. Die zweite Stufe der Abkühlung wird mittels der sogenannten Selbstansaugung („seif suction yarn cooling") durchgeführt. Dabei reißt das Filamentbundel das in seiner Umgebung befindliche gasförmige Kühlmedium, z.B. Umgebungsluft, mit sich und wird dabei weiter abgekühlt. In diesem Fall kommt es zu einer Strömung des gasförmigen Kühlmediums, die weitgehend parallel zur Laufrichtung des Filamentbündels verläuft. Dabei ist es wichtig, dass das gasförmige Kühlmedium wenigstens von zwei Seiten an das Filamentbundel herankommt.A flow over this length and under the conditions described above gives the desired degree of cooling in the first zone or stage. The second stage of cooling is carried out by means of so-called self-suction yarn cooling. The filament bundle entrains the gaseous cooling medium, for example ambient air, in its environment and is further cooled. In this case, there is a Flow of the gaseous cooling medium, which runs largely parallel to the direction of rotation of the filament bundle, it being important that the gaseous cooling medium reaches the filament bundle from at least two sides.
Die Selbstansaugeinheit kann durch zwei perforierte und zum Filamentbundel parallel verlaufende Platten, sogenannte doppelseitige Platten, gebildet werden. Die Länge beträgt mindestens 10 cm und kann nach oben hin durchaus bis zu mehreren Metern betragen. Durchaus üblich sind Längen für diese Selbstansaugungsstrecke von 30 cm bis 150 cm.The self-priming unit can be formed by two perforated plates that run parallel to the filament bundle, so-called double-sided plates. The length is at least 10 cm and can be up to several meters upwards. Lengths of 30 cm to 150 cm are very common for this self-priming section.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es bevorzugt, dass die zweite Abkühlstufe durch ein Führen der Filamente zwischen perforierten Materialien, wie z.B. perforierten Platten, so durchgeführt wird, dass das gasförmige Abkühlmedium bei der Selbstansaugung von zwei Seiten auf die Filamente treffen kann.In the method according to the invention it is preferred that the second cooling stage is carried out by passing the filaments between perforated materials, e.g. perforated plates, is carried out so that the gaseous cooling medium can hit the filaments during self-suction from two sides.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft dafür erwiesen, wenn in dieser zweiten Abkühlzone des Filamentbündels durch ein perforiertes Rohr geführt wird. Solche „Self-suction- Rohre" sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Sie ermöglichen das Mitreißen des gasförmigen Abkühlmediums durch das Filamentbundel in einer Weise, die Verwirbelungen weitgehend vermeidet.It has proven to be advantageous if it is passed through a perforated tube in this second cooling zone of the filament bundle. Such “self-suction tubes” are known to the person skilled in the art. They enable the gaseous cooling medium to be carried along by the filament bundle in a manner that largely avoids turbulence.
Es ist möglich, das Kühlmedium, welches durch das Filamentbundel angesaugt wird, zu temperieren, z.B. durch die Verwendung von Wärmeaustauschern. Diese Ausführungsform erlaubt eine von der Umgebungstemperatur unabhängige Prozessführung, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Dauerstabilität des Verfahrens, z.B. Tag-Nacht bzw. Sommer-Winter-Unterschiede, auswirkt. Zwischen der Spinndüse oder Düsenplatte und dem Beginn der ersten Kühlzone befindet sich üblicherweise noch ein sogenanntes Heizrohr. Abhängig vom Filamenttyp ist dieses dem Fachmann geläufige Element zwischen 10 und 40 cm lang.It is possible to temper the cooling medium which is sucked in through the filament bundle, for example by using heat exchangers. This embodiment allows the process to be carried out independently of the ambient temperature, which has an advantageous effect on the long-term stability of the process, for example day-night or summer-winter differences. A so-called heating tube is usually located between the spinneret or nozzle plate and the beginning of the first cooling zone. Depending on the filament type, this element, which is familiar to the person skilled in the art, is between 10 and 40 cm long.
Zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Kühlzone kann vorteilhafter Weise noch ein Bündelungsschritt in an sich bekannter weise, z.B. durch sogenannte airmover oder airknives, erfolgen. Weiterhin kann dieser Bündelungsschritt auch innerhalb der zweiten Kühlzone stattfinden.Between the first and the second cooling zone, a bundling step can advantageously be carried out in a manner known per se, e.g. by so-called air movers or air knives. Furthermore, this bundling step can also take place within the second cooling zone.
Selbstverständlich kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nach den Abkühlzonen und vor der Aufwicklung noch eine Verstreckung der Filamente in an sich bekannter Weise aufweisen. Unter dem Begriff Verstreckung sollen hier alle üblichen und dem Fachmann geläufigen Methoden verstanden werden, um die Filamente zu verziehen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Galetten, einzeln oder in Duos, oder ähnliches durchgeführt werden. Es soll ausdrücklich erwähnt werden, dass sich Verstreckung sowohl auf Verstreckverhältnisse größer als 1 als auch auf solche Verhältnisse, die kleiner sind als 1 , bezieht. Letztere Verhältnisse sind der Fachperson unter dem Begriff der Relaxation geläufig. Verstreckverhältnisse größer und kleiner als 1 treten innerhalb eines Prozesses durchaus nebeneinander auf.Of course, after the cooling zones and before winding, the process according to the invention can also have the filaments drawn in a manner known per se. The term stretching is to be understood here to mean all of the methods customary and familiar to the person skilled in the art for drawing the filaments. This can be done for example by godets, individually or in duos, or the like. It should be expressly mentioned that drawing relates both to drawing ratios greater than 1 and to ratios less than 1. The specialist is familiar with the latter under the term relaxation. Draw ratios greater than and less than 1 certainly occur side by side within a process.
Das Gesamtverstreckverhältnis berechnet sich üblicherweise aus dem Verhältnis der Streckgeschwindigkeiten bzw. - wenn auch noch eine Relaxation erfolgt - der Aufwickelgeschwindigkeit am Ende des Prozesses und der Spinngeschwindigkeit der Filamente, d.h. die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Filamentbundel die Kühlzonen durchlaufen. Eine typische Konstellation ist beispielsweise eine Spinngeschwindigkeit von 2760 m/min, Verstreckung mit 6000 m/min, additioneile Relaxation im Anschluß an die Verstreckung von 0,5 %, d.h. eine Aufwickelgeschwindigkeit von 5970 m/min. Das resultiert in einem Gesamtverstreckverhältnis von 2,16.The total draw ratio is usually calculated from the ratio of the draw speeds or - if there is also relaxation - the winding speed at the end of the process and the spinning speed of the filaments, i.e. the speed at which the filament bundles pass through the cooling zones. A typical constellation is, for example, a spinning speed of 2760 m / min, stretching at 6000 m / min, additional relaxation after the stretching of 0.5%, i.e. a winding speed of 5970 m / min. This results in an overall draw ratio of 2.16.
Erfindungsgemäß sind daher für die Aufwicklung Geschwindigkeiten von mindestens 2000 m/min bevorzugt. Prinzipiell sind dem Prozess im Rahmen des technisch Reali- sierbaren nach oben hin keine Grenzen hinsichtlich der Geschwindigkeit gesetzt. Allgemein werden für den oberen Geschwindigkeitsbereich bei der Aufwicklung jedoch etwa 6000 m/min bevorzugt.According to the invention, speeds of at least 2000 m / min are therefore preferred for the winding. In principle, the process is technically real There is no limit to the speed that can be set. In general, however, about 6000 m / min are preferred for the upper speed range during winding.
Bei den an sich üblichen Gesamtverstreckverhältnissen von 1 ,5 bis 3,0 ergeben sich also Bereiche von etwa 500 bis etwa 4000 m/min, bevorzugt 2000 bis 3500 m, für die Spinngeschwindigkeit.With the overall draw ratios of 1.5 to 3.0 which are customary per se, ranges of about 500 to about 4000 m / min, preferably 2000 to 3500 m, result for the spinning speed.
Den Verstreckeinrichtungen vorgelagert und hinter den Kühlzonen kann sich noch ein Fallschacht befinden. Auch dieses Element ist an sich bekannt.A chute may be located upstream of the stretching devices and behind the cooling zones. This element is also known per se.
Als gasförmiges Kühlmedium wird bevorzugt Luft oder ein Inertgas, wie Stickstoff oder Argon, eingesetzt.Air or an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is preferably used as the gaseous cooling medium.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist prinzipiell nicht auf bestimmte Polymerarten beschränkt und läßt sich auf alle zu Filamenten extrudierbaren Polymertypen anwenden. Bevorzugt werden allerdings als thermoplastisches Material Polymere, wie Polyester, Polyamid, Polyolefin oder auch Mischungen bzw. Copolymere aus diesen Typen.The method according to the invention is in principle not restricted to certain types of polymer and can be applied to all types of polymer that can be extruded into filaments. However, preferred thermoplastic materials are polymers such as polyester, polyamide, polyolefin or also mixtures or copolymers of these types.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt wird es, wenn das thermoplastische Material im wesentlichen aus Polyethylenterephthalat besteht.It is very particularly preferred if the thermoplastic material consists essentially of polyethylene terephthalate.
Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung erlaubt die Herstellung von Filamenten, die besonders gut für technische Anwendungen geeignet sind, insbesondere für die Verwendung in Reifencord geeignet sind. Weiterhin eignet sich das Verfahren auch gut für die Herstellung von technischen Garnen. Die für die Spinnung von technischen Garnen nötigen Einstellungen, insbesondere die Wahl der Düse sowie die Länge des Heizrohres, sind dem Fachmann bekannt.The method according to the invention allows the production of filaments which are particularly well suited for technical applications, in particular for use in tire cord. The process is also well suited for the production of technical yarns. The settings required for the spinning of technical yarns, in particular the choice of the nozzle and the length of the heating tube, are known to the person skilled in the art.
Die Erfindung ist daher auch auf Filamentgame, insbesondere auf Polyesterfilamentgarne gerichtet, die nach dem oben beschriebenen Verfahren erhältlich sind. Insbesondere ist die vorliegende Erfindung auf solche Polyesterfilamentgarne mit einer Buchfestigkeit T in mN/tex und einer Bruchdehnung E in % gerichtet, bei denen das Produkt aus der Bruchfestigkeit T und der dritten Wurzel aus der Bruchdehnung E (T*E1/3) mindestens 1600 mN %1/3/tex beträgt. Bevorzugt liegt dieses Produkt zwischen 1600 und 1800 mN %1/3/tex.The invention is therefore also directed to filament yarns, in particular polyester filament yarns, which can be obtained by the process described above. In particular, the present invention is directed to such polyester filament yarns with a book strength T in mN / tex and an elongation at break E in%, in which the product of the tensile strength T and the third root of the elongation at break E (T * E 1/3 ) is at least 1600 mN% is 1/3 / tex. This product is preferably between 1600 and 1800 mN% 1/3 / tex.
Die Messungen der Bruchfestigkeit T sowie der Bruchdehnung E für die Bestimmung des Parameters T*E1/3 erfolgen gemäß ASTM 885 und sind dem Fachmann im übrigen bekannt.The measurements of the breaking strength T and the breaking elongation E for the determination of the parameter T * E 1/3 are carried out in accordance with ASTM 885 and are otherwise known to the person skilled in the art.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Erfindung auf Polyesterfilamentgarne gerichtet, bei denen die Summe aus ihrer Dehnung in % nach Anlegung einer spezifischen Kraft EAST („elongation at specific tension") von 410 mN/tex und ihrem Heißluftschrumpf bei 180 °C (HAS) in %, also die Summe aus EAST + HAS, weniger als 11 %, bevorzugt weniger als 10,5 %, beträgt.In a preferred embodiment, the invention is directed to polyester filament yarns in which the sum of their elongation in% after application of a specific force EAST (“elongation at specific tension”) of 410 mN / tex and their hot air shrinkage at 180 ° C. (HAS) in %, ie the sum of EAST + HAS, is less than 11%, preferably less than 10.5%.
Die Messung der EAST erfolgt gemäß ASTM 885 und die Bestimmung des HAS erfolgt ebenfalls nach der ASTM 885, mit der Maßgabe, dass die Messung bei 180 °C, bei 5 mN/tex und über 2 Minuten durchgeführt wird.The EAST is measured in accordance with ASTM 885 and the HAS is also determined in accordance with ASTM 885, with the proviso that the measurement is carried out at 180 ° C., at 5 mN / tex and over 2 minutes.
Schließlich ist die vorliegende Erfindung auf Reifencorde gerichtet, die Polyesterfilamentgarne enthalten, wobei der Cord einen Retentionsvermögen Rt in % aufweist, die sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass der Qualitätsfaktor Qf, welcher das Produkt aus T*E1/3 der Polyesterfilamentgarne und Rt des Cordes darstellt, größer ist als 1350 mN %4/3/tex.Finally, the present invention is directed to tire cords which contain polyester filament yarns, the cord having a retention capacity Rt in%, which is characterized in that the quality factor Q f , which is the product of T * E 1/3 of the polyester filament yarns and Rt of the cord represents, is greater than 1350 mN% 4/3 / tex.
Unter dem Retentionsvermögen ist der Quotient aus der Bruchfestigkeit des Cordes nach nach dem Dippen und der Bruchfestigkeit der Fäden zu verstehen.The retention capacity is to be understood as the quotient of the breaking strength of the cord after dipping and the breaking strength of the threads.
Der Qualitätsfaktor ist besonders bevorzugt größer als 1375 mN %4 3/tex und beträgt vorteilhaft bis zu 1800 mN %4/3/tex . Die Erfindung soll anhand der nachstehenden Beispiele näher erläutert werden, ohne auf diese Beispiele beschränkt zu sein.The quality factor is particularly preferably greater than 1375 mN% 4 3 / tex and is advantageously up to 1800 mN% 4/3 / tex. The invention is illustrated by the examples below, without being limited to these examples.
Polyethylenterephthalat Granulat mit einer relativen Viskosität von 2,04 (gemessen an einer Lösung von 1 g Polymer in 125 g einer Mischung aus 2,4,6-TrichlorphenoI und Phenol (TCF/F, 7:10 m/m) bei 25 °C in einem Ubbelohde (DIN 51562) Viskosi- meter) wurde gesponnen und unter den in der Tab. 1 aufgeführten Bedingungen abgekühlt. Die Streckgeschwindigkeit betrug 6000 m/min. Es wurde eine additioneile Relaxation von 0,5 % eingestellt, Aufwickelgeschwindigkeit: 5970 m/min.Polyethylene terephthalate granules with a relative viscosity of 2.04 (measured on a solution of 1 g of polymer in 125 g of a mixture of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and phenol (TCF / F, 7:10 m / m) at 25 ° C. was spun in an Ubbelohde (DIN 51562) viscometer and cooled under the conditions listed in Table 1. The stretching speed was 6000 m / min. An additional relaxation of 0.5% was set, winding speed: 5970 m / min.
Tab. 1Tab. 1
Die Garneigenschaften wurden an drei Proben bestimmt und sind in der Tab. 2 dargestellt. The yarn properties were determined on three samples and are shown in Table 2.
Tab. 2Tab. 2
Schließlich wurden die Cordeigenschaften nach dem Dippen bestimmt und sind inFinally, the cord properties were determined after dipping and are in
Tab. 3 zusammengefasst.Tab. 3 summarized.
Der Qualitätsfaktor Qf ergibt sich als Produkt aus T*E1/3 und der Retention.The quality factor Qf is the product of T * E 1/3 and the retention.
Tab. 3Tab. 3

Claims

SpinnverfahrenAnsprüche: Spinning process claims:
1. Verfahren zum Spinnen eines multifilen Fadens aus einem thermoplastischen Material umfassend die Schritte, bei welchem das aufgeschmolzene Material durch eine Vielzahl von Düsenlöchern einer Spinndüse zu einem Filamentbundel mit vielen Filamenten extrudiert und nach dem Erstarren als Faden aufgewickelt wird, und bei welchem das Filamentbundel unterhalb der Spinndüse abgekühlt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlung in zwei Stufen durchgeführt wird, wobei in einer ersten Abkühlzone das Filamentbundel mittels eines gasförmigen Kühlmediums so angeströmt wird, dass das gasförmige Kühlmedium das Filamentbundel quer durchströmt, indem es das Filamentbundel auf der der Anströmseite gegenüberliegenden Seite praktisch vollständig wieder verläßt, und in einer zweiten Abkühlzone unterhalb der ersten Abkühlzone das Filamentbundel im wesentlichen durch Selbstansaugung von in der Umgebung des Filamentbündels befindlichem gasförmigen Kühlmediums weiter abgekühlt wird.1. A method for spinning a multifilament thread from a thermoplastic material comprising the steps in which the melted material is extruded through a plurality of nozzle holes of a spinneret into a filament bundle with many filaments and wound up as a thread after solidification, and in which the filament bundle is underneath the spinneret is cooled, characterized in that the cooling is carried out in two stages, with the filament bundle being flowed through in a first cooling zone by means of a gaseous cooling medium in such a way that the gaseous cooling medium flows transversely through the filament bundle by opposing the filament bundle on the upstream side Leaves side almost completely again, and in a second cooling zone below the first cooling zone, the filament bundle is essentially cooled further by self-suction of gaseous cooling medium located in the vicinity of the filament bundle ill.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gasförmige Kühlmedium nach dem Durchströmen des Fadenbündels mittels einer Absaugvorrichtung abgesaugt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaseous cooling medium is sucked off by means of a suction device after flowing through the bundle of threads.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anströmgeschwindigkeit des gasförmigen Kühlmediums zwischen 0,1 und 1 m/s beträgt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow velocity of the gaseous cooling medium is between 0.1 and 1 m / s.
4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Abkühlzone eine Länge zwischen 0,2 und 1 ,2 m aufweist.4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first cooling zone has a length between 0.2 and 1, 2 m.
5. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Abkühlstufe durch ein Führen der Filamente zwischen perforierten Materialien, wie z.B. perforierten Platten, so durchgeführt wird, dass das gasförmige Abkühlmedium bei der Selbstansaugung von zwei Seiten auf die Filamente treffen kann.5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second cooling stage by guiding the filaments between perforated materials, such as. perforated plates, is carried out so that the gaseous cooling medium can hit the filaments during self-suction from two sides.
6. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Abkühlstufe durch Führen des Filamentbündels durch ein perforiertes Rohr durchgeführt wird.6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second cooling stage is carried out by passing the bundle of filaments through a perforated tube.
7. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Abkühlung und vor der Aufwicklung eine Verstreckung der Filamente in an sich bekannter Weise erfolgt.7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that after cooling and before winding, the filaments are drawn in a manner known per se.
8. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufwicklung bei Geschwindigkeiten von mindestens 2000 m/min erfolgt.8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the winding takes place at speeds of at least 2000 m / min.
9. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem gasförmigen Kühlmedium um Luft oder ein Inertgas handelt.9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gaseous cooling medium is air or an inert gas.
10. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das thermoplastische Material gewählt wird aus einer Gruppe enthaltend Polyester, Polyamid, Polyolefin oder Mischungen dieser Polymere.10. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the thermoplastic material is selected from a group containing polyester, polyamide, polyolefin or mixtures of these polymers.
11.Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das thermoplastische Material im wesentlichen aus Polyethylen- terephthalat besteht.11. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the thermoplastic material consists essentially of polyethylene terephthalate.
12. Filamentgame, insbesondere Polyesterfilamentgarne, erhältlich nach einem Verfahren gemäß einem oder mehreren der vorangegangenen Ansprüche 1 bis 11.12. Filament yarn, in particular polyester filament yarn, obtainable by a process according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 11.
13. Polyesterfilamentgarne mit einer Buchfestigkeit T in mN/tex und einer Bruchdehnung E in %, wobei das Produkt aus der Bruchfestigkeit T und der dritten Wurzel aus der Bruchdehnung E, T*E1/3, mindestens 1600 mN %1/3/tex beträgt.13. Polyester filament yarns with a book strength T in mN / tex and an elongation at break E in%, the product of the breaking strength T and the third root of the elongation at break E, T * E 1/3 , at least 1600 mN% 1/3 / tex is.
14. Polyesterfilamentgarne nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, bei denen die Summe aus ihrer Dehnung in % nach Anlegung einer spezifischen Kraft EAST („elongation at specific tension") von 410 mN/tex und ihrem Heißluftschrumpf HAS bei 180 °C in %, also die Summe aus EAST + HAS, weniger als 11 %, bevorzugt weniger als 10,5 % beträgt.14. Polyester filament yarns according to claim 12 or 13, in which the sum of their elongation in% after application of a specific force EAST (“elongation at specific tension”) of 410 mN / tex and their hot air shrinkage HAS at 180 ° C. in%, that is to say the Sum of EAST + HAS, less than 11%, preferably less than 10.5%.
15. Cord umfassend Polyesterfilamentgarne nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, wobei der Cord nach dem Dippen ein Retentionsvermögen Rt in % aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Qualitätsfaktor Qf, das Produkt aus T*E1/3 der Polyesterfilamentgarne und Rt des Cordes, größer ist als 1350 mN %1/3/tex. 15. Cord comprising polyester filament yarns according to one or more of claims 12 to 14, wherein the cord after dipping has a retention capacity Rt in%, characterized in that the quality factor Q f , the product of T * E 1/3 of the polyester filament yarns and Rt des Cordes, is greater than 1350 mN% 1/3 / tex.
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