EP1519630B1 - Heater for cooking apparatus or the like - Google Patents
Heater for cooking apparatus or the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1519630B1 EP1519630B1 EP04015705A EP04015705A EP1519630B1 EP 1519630 B1 EP1519630 B1 EP 1519630B1 EP 04015705 A EP04015705 A EP 04015705A EP 04015705 A EP04015705 A EP 04015705A EP 1519630 B1 EP1519630 B1 EP 1519630B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating device
- surface elements
- heating
- dielectric layer
- conductive strips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930091051 Arenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
- C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
- C23C18/1254—Sol or sol-gel processing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heating device for a cooking appliance or the like according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cooking appliance according to the preamble of claim 16.
- Many household cookers include a hob or hot plate with a heater that generates heat radiation.
- the heating device is covered for example with a ceramic plate, in particular glass ceramic plate, which has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the high temperature of the heating element is required to ensure the passage of heat radiation through the glass ceramic plate, which is possible only for a relatively narrow frequency range.
- the working temperature of the glass ceramic plate must be less than 550 ° C, which requires a temperature limiting device, which shuts off the heater at too high temperatures.
- the glass-ceramic plate is not electrically insulating, so that an electrically insulating material and / or an air gap must be arranged between the heating device and the glass-ceramic plate.
- the heater has a thickness of about 3 to 4 cm.
- the glass ceramic plate is usually about 4 mm thick.
- Such heaters for glass ceramic cooktops have the disadvantage that the heat generated by the heater can not be used optimally. Another disadvantage is that relatively much space is required for the heater.
- a heating apparatus for a cooking appliance having a plurality of sheets for generating heat from electric power comprises electrical tracks for powering the patches coupled to the patches in a predetermined pattern.
- the heating device has a dielectric layer, on one side of which the conductor tracks and the surface pieces are attached and whose other side is provided for direct contact with a heating plate.
- this device has the disadvantage that a uniform temperature distribution over the heater is not guaranteed.
- An annular surface is covered by elongated curved surface pieces whose longitudinal sides are coupled to the electrical conductor tracks. This results in an inhomogeneous temperature distribution within the curved surface pieces and also on the heating device.
- An electric heating plate which has rectangular heating layers, on the longitudinal sides of which the supply voltage is applied.
- the heating layers are made of graphite.
- the heating layers can also be arranged on both sides of the heating plate.
- a heating device with a conductor track In the US 2002/0145134 A1 a heating device with a conductor track is described. In this device, the conversion of electrical current into heat takes place in the conductor track. Also, this device has the disadvantage that a uniform temperature distribution over the heater is not guaranteed. In the vicinity of the track high temperatures occur, while in the interstices, the temperatures are significantly lower. From the US 2002/0145134 A1 Also, a method for producing the heating device with the conductor track is known. In this case, a sol-gel solution is mixed with up to 90 wt .-% of the solution of an electrically conductive powder to form a stable dispersion, wherein the dispersion is applied to a substrate and then the substrate is fired.
- the resistance elements are formed as rectangular area pieces which extend in a star shape. Due to the dimensions and arrangement of the patches is a uniform temperature distribution not possible above the heater.
- the electrical tracks are coupled to a location on the face of the patches.
- the heating elements are formed as rectangular patches and sized and arranged to cover a circular area.
- the end faces of the patches are coupled with electrical conductors.
- the patches are electrically connected in series.
- the hot plate is, for example, a hotplate, which may in particular be made of glass ceramic or cast iron.
- the heating plate may be formed as a wall of a cooking chamber, for example a baking oven.
- the heating device according to the invention also has the advantage that the heating plate together with the heating device can be designed to be particularly flat, since the air gap between the heating plate and the heating device and a thick insulation are not required. Due to this design, the hob or the oven can be heated very quickly and the desired temperatures are quickly adjustable.
- the heating device has a plurality of rectangular area pieces, which are interconnected according to a predetermined scheme.
- the electrical resistance and thus the heating power can be calculated exactly in advance, so that a desired temperature distribution can be set.
- the heating device has a central rectangular area piece and at least two lateral rectangular area pieces which are arranged parallel to one another and symmetrically. This can be influenced by the dimensions of the patches their ohmic resistance and thus their heat output, so that the temperature distribution in a simple manner adjustable.
- the central rectangular area piece and the at least two lateral rectangular area pieces are dimensioned and arranged such that they cover a circular area as completely as possible. Since the circular area is usually the preferred form of a cooking plate, can be adjusted in this way the highest possible efficiency.
- Circuit technology is provided that the lateral surface pieces are connected in parallel with each other and in series with the central surface piece. As a result, a symmetrical temperature distribution is ensured and there is also the possibility of influencing the radial temperature distribution on the circular area by the choice of the widths of the patches.
- the at least one surface piece is made essentially of graphite. It is a low-cost and easily processable material that has suitable specific electrical resistance values.
- the at least one surface piece has a sheet resistance between 5 and 200 ohms per cross-sectional area. With such resistance values can be achieved at usual electrical voltages, the desired temperature values and heat outputs.
- the conductor tracks are made of metal. Metals have a relatively low electrical resistance, so that the heat losses are kept low and no heating takes place in those places where this is not desirable.
- the interconnects are made of aluminum, gold, silver and / or similar metals. These metals are particularly resistant to corrosion.
- the interconnects have a sheet resistance of less than 200 milliohms per cross-sectional area. These resistance values can be used to prevent unnecessary energy losses and unwanted heating.
- the dielectric layer is made of ceramic powder and a sol-gel solution. This can be a suitable mixture put together to obtain the desired electrical and mechanical properties of the dielectric layer.
- the ceramic powder comprises one or more metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides and / or the like.
- metal oxides metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides and / or the like.
- aluminum oxide or silicon oxide as well as aluminum nitride or silicon nitride are suitable for this purpose.
- the sol-gel solution comprises one or more silicon compounds.
- the dielectric layer is inexpensive and easy to produce. Corresponding methods for applying the dielectric layer are in the international applications WO 96/29447 and WO 02/72495 described.
- the dielectric layer is applied to a substrate. This makes it possible to produce particularly thin dielectric layers with the desired properties.
- the high-voltage test according to the standard IEC 335-2-6 have shown that with cooktops a layer thickness of, for example, 500 ⁇ m is sufficient to meet the requirements.
- the dielectric layer is applied to the heating plate.
- This can be provided with little material-technical effort a hob with heater.
- the dielectric layer can be applied directly to the underside of the cooking plate and on the dielectric layer are the heat-generating surface pieces and the electrical conductor tracks. In this way, a particularly compact glass-ceramic hob with integrated heating device can be provided.
- this technology can provide a heater for an oven.
- one or more walls of the oven are designed as a hot plate or equipped with a hot plate. This can provide an oven that has a large in relation to its external dimensions interior.
- the heating device has a plurality of similar area pieces, which are arranged in such a way around a circular ring surface as completely as possible. This makes it possible to obtain a substantially uniform temperature distribution within the annular surface.
- the annular surface is a preferred geometric section for a hob.
- the similar surface pieces are electrically connected in series and / or parallel to each other, wherein the row always has the same number of surface pieces. This also contributes to a uniform temperature distribution.
- the annular surface is arranged concentrically with the circular surface. This makes it possible to provide a cooking surface consisting of a circular surface and a circular ring surface, in which the temperature distribution can be set as desired.
- the heating device has a plurality of concentric annular surfaces, each having similar surface pieces. This makes it possible to provide a hob, which can be actuated area-wise and in which any desired temperature distribution can be set.
- a cooking appliance is furthermore provided which has at least one heating plate and at least one heating device described above. Due to the inventive design of the heater, the cooking appliance can be made very compact. As a result, the space requirement compared to the prior art is substantially reduced. If the cooking appliance is a cooking plate, then it can be made particularly flat with the heating device according to the invention. Is it in the cooking appliance to an oven in which one or more side walls have the heating device according to the invention, so the oven can form thin-walled. This has the advantage that the interior of the oven is relatively large in relation to its outer dimensions. In addition, the oven has a relatively high efficiency due to the heating device according to the invention.
- the substrate is formed by a heating plate.
- the electrically conductive layer is applied directly to the heating plate.
- the substrate can be formed by a hob. Since the hob is heated directly, relatively low temperatures are sufficient to provide the required cooking performance. At low temperatures, the glass ceramic hob acts as an electrical insulator. This has the advantage that an additional electrically insulating layer can be made thin or is not required at all.
- FIG. 1 a schematic view of a heating device according to the invention is shown.
- the heating device comprises a plurality of rectangular patches 10, 12, 14 and electrical traces 16, which are arranged substantially in a plane. Both the surface pieces 10, 12, 14 and the electrical interconnects 16 are applied to a dielectric layer, not shown, which in turn is applied to the underside of a hotplate of a glass ceramic cooktop.
- the patches 10, 12, 14 are made of graphite and have a relatively high electrical resistance.
- the electrical sheet resistance is preferably between 5 and 200 ⁇ per unit area.
- P, N where P represent the phase terminals and N represent the neutral terminals.
- the electrical conductor tracks 16 are made of metal, preferably of aluminum, gold, silver or the like.
- the electrical sheet resistance of the conductor tracks 16 is preferably less than 200 m ⁇ per unit area. Since the electrical resistance of the sheets 10, 12, 14 is relatively large compared to that of the printed conductors 16, almost all the electrical energy from the sheets 10, 12, 14 is converted into thermal energy. Since the patches 10, 12, 14 are particularly flat and lie directly against the dielectric layer of a heating plate, the efficiency is particularly high. Experiments have shown that up to about 80% of the electrical energy is converted into heat energy that can be used on the glass ceramic hob. The maximum temperature of the surface pieces 10, 12, 14 is about 450 ° C. This temperature is sufficient because the surface pieces 10, 12, 14 are very close to the glass ceramic hotplate. Conventional heaters require a temperature of about 1100 ° C.
- heater for a hob, which has an inner zone 18 and an outer zone 20 includes.
- the inner zone 18 is in the form of a circular area, while the outer zone 20 is in the form of a circular ring area, so that the two zones 18 and 20 together form an enlarged circular cooking surface.
- the inner zone 18 comprises three area pieces, namely a central area piece 10 and two lateral area pieces 12.
- the central area piece 10 is approximately twice as wide as the lateral area pieces 12.
- the central surface piece 10 and the two lateral surface pieces 12 are arranged parallel to one another. With regard to their dimensions, the surface pieces 10 and 12 are designed so that they cover the circular inner zone 18 as completely as possible.
- the two lateral surface pieces 12 are connected in parallel with each other.
- the two lateral surface pieces 12 are connected in series with the central surface piece 10.
- the electrical conductors 16 are always coupled to the end faces of the surface pieces 10 and 12.
- the interconnection and dimensions of the patches 10 and 12 cause the heating power and the temperature within the inner zone 18 to be substantially evenly distributed.
- the outer zone 20 which is formed as a circular ring surface, there are nine rectangular outer surface pieces 14 which are arranged approximately uniformly. Adjacent area pieces 14 are electrically coupled via their end faces. By means of the electrical conductor tracks 16, the nine outer surface pieces 14 are connected to one another in such a way that in each case three surface pieces 14 are interconnected in series and these three groups are in turn connected in parallel to one another. By choosing the dimensions of the surface pieces 14 and their interconnection, the desired heating power and the temperature distribution can be fixed.
- the surface pieces 14 are arranged within the outer zone 20 so that they are as possible allow uniform distribution of the heating power and the temperature within the zone 20.
- the dielectric layer is arranged between the surface pieces 10, 12, 14 and the electrical conductor tracks on the one hand and the underside of the glass ceramic hot plate on the other.
- the dielectric layer is made of a ceramic powder and a sol-gel solution.
- the ceramic powder includes, for example, alumina and / or silica. Alternatively, the ceramic powder and other oxides or nitrides such.
- the technology and the methods for producing the dielectric layer are described, for example, in the international applications WO 02/72495 and WO 96/29447 described.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizvorrichtung für ein Gargerät oder dergleichen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Gargerät gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 16.The invention relates to a heating device for a cooking appliance or the like according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cooking appliance according to the preamble of
Zahlreiche Haushaltsherde umfassen ein Kochfeld oder eine Heizplatte mit einer Heizvorrichtung, die Wärmestrahlung erzeugt. Die Heizvorrichtung wird beispielsweise mit einer Keramikplatte, insbesondere Glaskeramikplatte abgedeckt, die einen sehr niedrigen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist.Many household cookers include a hob or hot plate with a heater that generates heat radiation. The heating device is covered for example with a ceramic plate, in particular glass ceramic plate, which has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Die Wärmeübertragung von der Heizvorrichtung, die unterhalb der Glaskeramikplatte angeordnet ist, zu einem Kochgefäß, beispielsweise einer Pfanne oder einem Kochtopf, das auf der Glaskeramikplatte steht, erfolgt über zwei unterschiedliche Wärmetransportvorgänge. Etwa ein Viertel der Energie wird durch direkte Wärmestrahlung von der Heizvorrichtung durch die Glaskeramikplatte auf das Kochgefäß übertragen. Die übrige Energie wird durch Wärmestrahlung von der Heizvorrichtung auf die Unterseite der Glaskeramikplatte übertragen, anschließend erfolgt eine Wärmeleitung von der Unterseite der Glaskeramikplatte zu dessen Oberseite und schließlich wird die Wärme von der Oberseite der Glaskeramikplatte zum Kochgefäß übertragen. Bei voller Leistung kann ein Heizelement der Heizvorrichtung eine Temperatur von etwa 1100° C erreichen, was eine aufwändige Isolierung unterhalb und seitlich der Heizvorrichtung erfordert, um unnötige Energieverluste zu vermeiden. Die hohe Temperatur des Heizelements ist erforderlich, um den Durchgang von Wärmestrahlung durch die Glaskeramikplatte zu gewährleisten, was nur für einen verhältnismäßig engen Frequenzbereich möglich ist. Außerdem muss die Arbeitstemperatur der Glaskeramikplatte weniger als 550° C betragen, was eine Temperaturbegrenzungseinrichtung erfordert, die die Heizvorrichtung bei zu hohen Temperaturen abschaltet. Bei der Arbeitstemperatur ist die Glaskeramik-platte nicht elektrisch isolierend, so dass zwischen der Heizvorrichtung und der Glaskeramikplatte ein elektrisch isolierendes Material und/oder ein Luftspalt angeordnet sein muss. Dies führt dazu, dass die Heizvorrichtung eine Dicke von etwa 3 bis 4 cm aufweist. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Glaskeramikplatte üblicherweise etwa 4 mm dick.The heat transfer from the heating device, which is arranged below the glass ceramic plate, to a cooking vessel, for example a pan or a cooking pot, which is on the glass ceramic plate, via two different heat transport processes. About a quarter of the energy is transferred by direct heat radiation from the heater through the glass ceramic plate on the cooking vessel. The remaining energy is transferred by thermal radiation from the heater to the underside of the glass ceramic plate, followed by a heat conduction from the bottom of the glass ceramic plate to the top and finally the heat is transferred from the top of the glass ceramic plate to the cooking vessel. At full power, a heating element of the heater can reach a temperature of about 1100 ° C, which requires a complex insulation below and to the side of the Heating device required to avoid unnecessary energy loss. The high temperature of the heating element is required to ensure the passage of heat radiation through the glass ceramic plate, which is possible only for a relatively narrow frequency range. In addition, the working temperature of the glass ceramic plate must be less than 550 ° C, which requires a temperature limiting device, which shuts off the heater at too high temperatures. At the working temperature, the glass-ceramic plate is not electrically insulating, so that an electrically insulating material and / or an air gap must be arranged between the heating device and the glass-ceramic plate. As a result, the heater has a thickness of about 3 to 4 cm. In contrast, the glass ceramic plate is usually about 4 mm thick.
Derartige Heizvorrichtungen für Glaskeramikkochfelder haben den Nachteil, dass die von der Heizvorrichtung erzeugte Wärme nicht optimal genutzt werden kann. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist, dass für die Heizvorrichtung verhältnismäßig viel Platz erforderlich ist.Such heaters for glass ceramic cooktops have the disadvantage that the heat generated by the heater can not be used optimally. Another disadvantage is that relatively much space is required for the heater.
In der
Diese Vorrichtung hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung über der Heizvorrichtung nicht gewährleistet ist. Eine Kreisringfläche wird durch langgestreckte gekrümmte Flächenstücke abgedeckt, deren Längsseiten mit den elektrischen Leiterbahnen gekoppelt sind. Dies hat eine inhomogene Temperaturverteilung innerhalb der gekrümmten Flächenstücke und auch auf der Heizvorrichtung zur Folge.However, this device has the disadvantage that a uniform temperature distribution over the heater is not guaranteed. An annular surface is covered by elongated curved surface pieces whose longitudinal sides are coupled to the electrical conductor tracks. This results in an inhomogeneous temperature distribution within the curved surface pieces and also on the heating device.
Aus der
In der
In der
Aus der
Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik gemäß
Hinsichtlich der Heizvorrichtung wird diese Aufgabe durch den Gegenstand gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.With regard to the heater, this object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, das
- die Heizvorrichtung ein rechteckiges zentrales Flächenstück und zwei rechteckige laterale Flächenstücke aufweist, die zueinander parallel und symmetrisch angeordnet sind,
- das zentrale Flächenstück und die zwei lateralen Flächenstücke so bemessen und angeordnet sind, dass sie eine Kreisfläche möglichst vollständig abdecken,
- das zentrale Flächenstück etwa doppelt so breit wie die lateralen Flächenstücke ausgebildet ist,
- die elektrischen Leiterbahnen mit den Stirnseiten der Flächenstücke gekoppelt sind, und
- die lateralen Flächenstücke miteinander parallel und mit dem zentralen Flächenstück in Reihe geschaltet sind.
- the heating device has a rectangular central surface piece and two rectangular lateral surface pieces which are arranged parallel to one another and symmetrically to one another,
- the central area piece and the two lateral area pieces are dimensioned and arranged such that they cover a circular area as completely as possible,
- the central surface piece is approximately twice as wide as the lateral surface pieces,
- the electrical interconnects are coupled to the end faces of the patches, and
- the lateral patches are connected in parallel with each other and in series with the central patches.
Unter dem Flächenstück ist ein dreidimensionaler Körper zu verstehen, dessen räumliche Ausdehnung entlang einer ersten Richtung klein ist gegenüber den räumlichen Ausdehnungen entlang den anderen beiden Richtungen, die zur ersten Richtung orthogonal sind. Durch den direkten Kontakt zwischen der Wärmequelle und der Heizplatte wird der Wärmestrahlungsverlust verhindert. Bei der Heizplatte handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine Kochplatte, die insbesondere aus Glaskeramik oder Gusseisen hergestellt sein kann. Ebenso kann die Heizplatte als Wand eines Garraums, beispielsweise eines Backofens ausgebildet sein. Dadurch kann die maximale Temperatur der Heizvorrichtung gegenüber dem Stand der Technik auf etwa 450° C herabgesetzt werden. Dies führt zu einer Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrads. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass Wirkungsgrade von bis zu 80% gemäß der Norm IEC 350 (1970) erreicht werden können. Auf jeden Fall lässt sich ein Wirkungsgrad von 70 % erreichen. Die Heizvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung hat weiterhin den Vorteil, dass die Heizplatte samt Heizvorrichtung besonders flach ausgebildet sein kann, da der Luftspalt zwischen Heizplatte und Heizvorrichtung und eine dicke Isolierung nicht erforderlich sind. Aufgrund dieser Bauweise lässt sich das Kochfeld oder der Backofen besonders schnell erwärmen und die gewünschten Temperaturen sind schnell einstellbar.Under the surface piece is a three-dimensional body to understand the spatial extent along a first direction is small compared to the spatial dimensions along the other two directions that are orthogonal to the first direction. The direct contact between the heat source and the heating plate prevents heat radiation loss. The hot plate is, for example, a hotplate, which may in particular be made of glass ceramic or cast iron. Likewise, the heating plate may be formed as a wall of a cooking chamber, for example a baking oven. Thereby, the maximum temperature of the heater compared to the prior art can be reduced to about 450 ° C. This leads to an increase in the efficiency. Tests have shown that efficiencies of up to 80% can be achieved in accordance with the IEC 350 (1970) standard. In any case, an efficiency of 70% can be achieved. The heating device according to the invention also has the advantage that the heating plate together with the heating device can be designed to be particularly flat, since the air gap between the heating plate and the heating device and a thick insulation are not required. Due to this design, the hob or the oven can be heated very quickly and the desired temperatures are quickly adjustable.
Was die geometrische Ausgestaltung der Heizvorrichtung betrifft, ist vorgesehen, dass die Heizvorrichtung eine Mehrzahl rechteckiger Flächenstücke aufweist, die nach einem vorbestimmten Schema miteinander verschaltet sind. Bei rechteckigen Flächenstücken lässt sich der elektrische Widerstand und somit die Heizleistung exakt vorausberechnen, so dass eine gewünschte Temperaturverteilung einstellbar ist.As regards the geometric configuration of the heating device, it is provided that the heating device has a plurality of rectangular area pieces, which are interconnected according to a predetermined scheme. For rectangular area pieces, the electrical resistance and thus the heating power can be calculated exactly in advance, so that a desired temperature distribution can be set.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die Heizvorrichtung ein zentrales rechteckiges Flächenstück und wenigstens zwei laterale rechteckige Flächenstücke aufweist, die parallel zueinander und symmetrisch angeordnet sind. Damit lässt sich durch die Abmessungen der Flächenstücke deren ohmscher Widerstand und somit deren Heizleistung beeinflussen, so dass die Temperaturverteilung auf einfache Weise einstellbar.Furthermore, it is provided that the heating device has a central rectangular area piece and at least two lateral rectangular area pieces which are arranged parallel to one another and symmetrically. This can be influenced by the dimensions of the patches their ohmic resistance and thus their heat output, so that the temperature distribution in a simple manner adjustable.
Außerdem ist vorgesehen, dass das zentrale rechteckige Flächenstück und die wenigstens zwei lateralen rechteckigen Flächenstücke derart dimensioniert und angeordnet sind, dass sie eine Kreisfläche möglichst vollständig abdecken. Da die Kreisfläche meist die bevorzugte Form einer Kochplatte ist, lässt sich auf diese Weise ein möglichst hoher Wirkungsgrad einstellen.In addition, it is provided that the central rectangular area piece and the at least two lateral rectangular area pieces are dimensioned and arranged such that they cover a circular area as completely as possible. Since the circular area is usually the preferred form of a cooking plate, can be adjusted in this way the highest possible efficiency.
Schaltungstechnisch ist vorgesehen, dass die lateralen Flächenstücke miteinander parallel und mit dem zentralen Flächenstück in Reihe geschaltet sind. Dadurch wird eine symmetrische Temperaturverteilung gewährleistet und es besteht weiterhin die Möglichkeit, durch die Wahl der Breiten der Flächenstücke die radiale Temperaturverteilung auf der Kreisfläche zu beeinflussen.Circuit technology is provided that the lateral surface pieces are connected in parallel with each other and in series with the central surface piece. As a result, a symmetrical temperature distribution is ensured and there is also the possibility of influencing the radial temperature distribution on the circular area by the choice of the widths of the patches.
Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, dass das wenigstens eine Flächenstück im Wesentlichen aus Graphit hergestellt ist. Dabei handelt es sich um ein kostengünstiges und leicht verarbeitbares Material, das geeignete spezifische elektrische widerstandswerte aufweist.It is preferably provided that the at least one surface piece is made essentially of graphite. It is a low-cost and easily processable material that has suitable specific electrical resistance values.
Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass das wenigstens eine Flächenstück einen Flächenwiderstand zwischen 5 und 200 Ohm pro Querschnittsfläche aufweist. Mit solchen Widerstandswerten lassen sich bei üblichen elektrischen Spannungen die gewünschten Temperaturwerte und Heizleistungen erzielen.For example, it can be provided that the at least one surface piece has a sheet resistance between 5 and 200 ohms per cross-sectional area. With such resistance values can be achieved at usual electrical voltages, the desired temperature values and heat outputs.
Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Leiterbahnen aus Metall hergestellt sind. Metalle haben einen verhältnismäßig niedrigen elektrischen Widerstandswert, so dass die Wärmeverluste gering gehalten werden und keine Erwärmung an solchen Stellen erfolgt, an denen dies nicht erwünscht ist.In the preferred embodiment it is provided that the conductor tracks are made of metal. Metals have a relatively low electrical resistance, so that the heat losses are kept low and no heating takes place in those places where this is not desirable.
Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Leiterbahnen aus Aluminium, Gold, Silber und/oder dergleichen Metallen hergestellt sind. Diese Metalle sind besonders unempfindlich gegenüber Korrosion.In particular, it can be provided that the interconnects are made of aluminum, gold, silver and / or similar metals. These metals are particularly resistant to corrosion.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die Leiterbahnen einen Flächenwiderstand von weniger als 200 Milliohm pro Querschnittsfläche aufweisen. Mit diesen Widerstandswerten lassen sich unnötige Energieverluste und unerwünschte Aufheizungen verhindern.Furthermore, it is provided that the interconnects have a sheet resistance of less than 200 milliohms per cross-sectional area. These resistance values can be used to prevent unnecessary energy losses and unwanted heating.
Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die dielektrische Schicht aus Keramikpulver und einer Sol-Gel-Lösung hergestellt ist. Damit lässt sich eine geeignete Mischung zusammenstellen, um die gewünschten elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der dielektrischen Schicht zu erhalten.In the preferred embodiment it is provided that the dielectric layer is made of ceramic powder and a sol-gel solution. This can be a suitable mixture put together to obtain the desired electrical and mechanical properties of the dielectric layer.
Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Keramikpulver ein oder mehrere Metalloxide, Metallnitride, Metallkarbide und/oder dergleichen umfasst. Dazu sind beispielsweise Aluminiumoxid oder Siliziumoxid sowie Aluminiumnitrid oder Siliziumnitrid geeignet.In particular, it can be provided that the ceramic powder comprises one or more metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides and / or the like. For example, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide as well as aluminum nitride or silicon nitride are suitable for this purpose.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Sol-Gel-Lösung eine oder mehrere Siliziumverbindungen umfasst. Damit ist die dielektrische Schicht kostengünstig und auf einfache Weise herstellbar. Entsprechende Verfahren zum Aufbringen der dielektrischen Schicht sind in den internationalen Anmeldungen
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die dielektrische Schicht auf einem Substrat aufgebracht ist. Damit lassen sich besonders dünne dielektrische Schichten mit den gewünschten Eigenschaften herstellen. Versuche, insbesondere der Hochspannungstest gemäß dem Standard IEC 335-2-6, haben gezeigt, dass bei Kochfeldern eine Schichtdicke von beispielsweise 500 µm ausreichend ist, um die Anforderungen zu erfüllen.Furthermore, it is provided that the dielectric layer is applied to a substrate. This makes it possible to produce particularly thin dielectric layers with the desired properties. Experiments, in particular the high-voltage test according to the standard IEC 335-2-6, have shown that with cooktops a layer thickness of, for example, 500 μm is sufficient to meet the requirements.
Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, dass die dielektrische Schicht auf der Heizplatte aufgebracht ist. Damit lässt sich mit geringem material-technischen Aufwand ein Kochfeld mit Heizvorrichtung bereitstellen. Dabei kann die dielektrische Schicht unmittelbar auf der Unterseite der Kochplatte aufgebracht sein und auf der dielektrischen Schicht befinden sich die wärmeerzeugenden Flächenstücke und die elektrischen Leiterbahnen. Auf diese Weise lässt sich ein besonders kompaktes Glaskeramikkochfeld mit integrierter Heizvorrichtung bereitstellen. Ebenso lässt sich mit dieser Technologie eine Heizvorrichtung für einen Backofen bereitstellen. In diesem Fall sind eine oder mehrere Wände des Backofens als Heizplatte ausgebildet oder mit einer Heizplatte bestückt. Damit lässt sich ein Backofen bereitstellen, der einen im Verhältnis zu seinen äußeren Abmessungen großen Innenraum aufweist.It is preferably provided that the dielectric layer is applied to the heating plate. This can be provided with little material-technical effort a hob with heater. In this case, the dielectric layer can be applied directly to the underside of the cooking plate and on the dielectric layer are the heat-generating surface pieces and the electrical conductor tracks. In this way, a particularly compact glass-ceramic hob with integrated heating device can be provided. Similarly, this technology can provide a heater for an oven. In this case, one or more walls of the oven are designed as a hot plate or equipped with a hot plate. This can provide an oven that has a large in relation to its external dimensions interior.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Heizvorrichtung eine Mehrzahl gleichartiger Flächenstücke aufweist, die derart angeordnet sind, um eine Kreisringfläche möglichst vollständig abzudecken. Damit besteht die Möglichkeit, innerhalb der Kreisringfläche eine im Wesentlichen gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung zu erhalten. Auch die Kreisringfläche ist ein bevorzugter geometrischer Abschnitt für ein Kochfeld.According to a further aspect, it can be provided that the heating device has a plurality of similar area pieces, which are arranged in such a way around a circular ring surface as completely as possible. This makes it possible to obtain a substantially uniform temperature distribution within the annular surface. The annular surface is a preferred geometric section for a hob.
Dazu kann vorzugsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die gleichartigen Flächenstücke elektrisch in Reihe und/oder parallel miteinander verschaltet sind, wobei die Reihe stets die gleiche Anzahl Flächenstücke aufweist. Auch dies trägt zu einer gleichmäßigen Temperaturverteilung bei.For this purpose, it can be preferably provided that the similar surface pieces are electrically connected in series and / or parallel to each other, wherein the row always has the same number of surface pieces. This also contributes to a uniform temperature distribution.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Kreisringfläche konzentrisch mit der Kreisfläche angeordnet ist. Damit lässt ein aus Kreisfläche und Kreisringfläche bestehendes Kochfeld bereitstellen, bei dem die Temperaturverteilung beliebig einstellbar ist.Furthermore, it can be provided that the annular surface is arranged concentrically with the circular surface. This makes it possible to provide a cooking surface consisting of a circular surface and a circular ring surface, in which the temperature distribution can be set as desired.
Darüber hinaus besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Heizvorrichtung eine Vielzahl konzentrischer Kreisringflächen mit jeweils gleichartigen Flächenstücken aufweist. Damit lässt sich ein Kochfeld bereitstellen, das flächen-abschnittsweise ansteuerbar und bei dem eine beliebige gewünschte Temperaturverteilung einstellbar ist.In addition, there is the possibility that the heating device has a plurality of concentric annular surfaces, each having similar surface pieces. This makes it possible to provide a hob, which can be actuated area-wise and in which any desired temperature distribution can be set.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist weiterhin ein Gargerät vorgesehen, das wenigstens eine Heizplatte und wenigstens eine oben beschriebene Heizvorrichtung aufweist. Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung der Heizvorrichtung lässt sich das Gargerät besonders kompakt ausbilden. Dadurch wird der Plätzbedarf gegenüber dem Stand der Technik wesentlich reduziert. Handelt es sich bei dem Gargerät um eine Kochplatte, so lässt sich diese mit der erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung besonders flach ausbilden. Handelt es sich bei dem Gargerät um einen Backofen, bei dem eine oder mehrere Seitenwände die erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung aufweisen, so lässt sich der Backofen dünnwandig ausbilden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Innenraum des Backofens im Verhältnis zu seinen äußeren Abmessungen verhältnismäßig groß ist. Darüber hinaus hat der Backofen aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung einen relativ hohen Wirkungsgrad.According to the invention, a cooking appliance is furthermore provided which has at least one heating plate and at least one heating device described above. Due to the inventive design of the heater, the cooking appliance can be made very compact. As a result, the space requirement compared to the prior art is substantially reduced. If the cooking appliance is a cooking plate, then it can be made particularly flat with the heating device according to the invention. Is it in the cooking appliance to an oven in which one or more side walls have the heating device according to the invention, so the oven can form thin-walled. This has the advantage that the interior of the oven is relatively large in relation to its outer dimensions. In addition, the oven has a relatively high efficiency due to the heating device according to the invention.
Für das Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Heizvorrichtung für ein Gargerät oder dergleichen ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das Substrat durch eine Heizplatte gebildet wird. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht unmittelbar auf die Heizplatte aufgebracht. Insbesondere kann dabei das Substrat durch ein Kochfeld gebildet werden. Da das Kochfeld unmittelbar beheizt wird, sind verhältnismäßig niedrige Temperaturen ausreichend, um die erforderliche Kochleistung bereitzustellen. Bei niedrigen Temperaturen wirkt das Glaskeramik-Kochfeld als elektrischer Isolator. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine zusätzliche elektrisch isolierende Schicht dünn ausgebildet sein kann oder überhaupt nicht erforderlich ist.For the method for producing a heating device for a cooking appliance or the like, it is provided according to the invention that the substrate is formed by a heating plate. In the method according to the invention, the electrically conductive layer is applied directly to the heating plate. In particular, the substrate can be formed by a hob. Since the hob is heated directly, relatively low temperatures are sufficient to provide the required cooking performance. At low temperatures, the glass ceramic hob acts as an electrical insulator. This has the advantage that an additional electrically insulating layer can be made thin or is not required at all.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und besondere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further features, advantages and particular embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird nachstehend in der Figurenbeschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:
- FIG. 1
- eine schematische Ansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the heating device according to the invention.
In
Die in
In der äußeren Zone 20, die als Kreisringfläche ausgebildet ist, befinden sich neun rechteckige äußere Flächenstücke 14, die etwa gleichmäßig angeordnet sind. Benachbarte Flächenstücke 14 sind über ihre Stirnseiten elektrisch gekoppelt. Mittels der elektrischen Leiterbahnen 16 sind die neun äußeren Flächenstücke 14 so miteinander verschaltet, dass jeweils drei Flächenstücke 14 miteinander in Reihe und diese Dreiergruppen wiederum parallel miteinander verschaltet sind. Durch die Wahl der Abmessungen der Flächenstücke 14 und deren Verschaltung sind die gewünschte Heizleistung und die Temperaturverteilung festlegbar. Auch die Flächenstücke 14 sind innerhalb der äußeren Zone 20 so angeordnet, dass sie eine möglichst gleichmäßige Verteilung der Heizleistung und der Temperatur innerhalb der Zone 20 ermöglichen.In the
Die dielektrische Schicht ist zwischen den Flächenstücken 10, 12, 14 und den elektrischen Leiterbahnen einerseits und der Unterseite der Glaskeramikkochplatte andererseits angeordnet. Die dielektrische Schicht ist aus einem Keramikpulver und einer Sol-Gel-Lösung hergestellt. Das Keramikpulver umfasst beispielsweise Aluminiumoxid und/oder Siliziumoxid. Alternativ dazu kann das Keramikpulver auch andere Oxide oder Nitride wie z. B. Aluminiumnitrid oder Siliziumnitrid aufweisen. Die Technologie und die Verfahren zur Herstellung der dielektrischen Schicht sind beispielsweise in den internationalen Anmeldungen
- 1010
- zentrales Flächenstückcentral surface piece
- 1212
- laterales Flächenstücklateral patch
- 1414
- äußeres Flächenstückouter surface piece
- 1616
- elektrische Leiterbahnelectrical trace
- 1818
- innere Zoneinner zone
- 2020
- äußere Zoneouter zone
- PP
- Phasenanschlussphase connection
- NN
- NullleiteranschlussNeutral connection
Claims (16)
- Heating device for a cooking appliance or the like which has the following:- a plurality of surface elements (10, 12, 14) for producing heat from electric current;- electric conductive strips (16) for current supply to the surface element (10, 12, 14) which are coupled to the surface elements (10, 12, 14) according to a predetermined scheme; and- a dielectric layer, to the one side of which the conductive strips (16) and the surface elements (10, 12, 14) are attached and the other side of which is intended for direct contact with a heating plate,characterised in that- the heating device has a rectangular central surface element (10) and two rectangular lateral surface elements (12) which are arranged parallel and symmetrical to one another,- the central surface element (10) and the two lateral surface elements (12) have dimensions and are arranged so that they cover a circular area (18) as completely as possible,- the central surface element (10) is designed to be about twice as wide as the lateral surface elements (12),- the electric conductive strips (16) are coupled to the end-face sides of the surface elements (10, 12, 14), and- the lateral surface elements (12) are connected in parallel with one another and in series with the central surface element (10).
- Heating device according to claim 1, characterised in that the surface elements (10, 12, 14) are produced essentially from graphite.
- Heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the surface elements (10, 12, 14) have a surface resistance between 5 and 200 Ohm per cross-sectional area.
- Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the conductive strips (16) are produced from metal.
- Heating device according to claim 4, characterised in that the conductive strips (16) are produced from aluminium, gold, silver and/or similar metals.
- Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the conductive strips (16) have a surface resistance of less than 200 milliohm per cross-sectional area.
- Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the dielectric layer is produced from ceramic powder and a sol-gel solution.
- Heating device according to claim 7, characterised in that the ceramic powder comprises one or more metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides and/or the like.
- Heating device according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the sol-gel solution comprises one or more silicon compounds.
- Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the dielectric layer is applied to a substrate.
- Heating device according to claim 10, characterised in that the dielectric layer is applied to the heating plate.
- Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the heating device has a plurality of similar surface elements (14) which are arranged so as to cover a circular ring surface (20) as completely as possible.
- Heating device according to claim 12, characterised in that the similar surface elements (14) are connected electrically in series and/or in parallel to one another, wherein each parallel row always has the same number of surface elements (14).
- Heating device according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the circular ring surface (20) is arranged concentrically with the circular surface (18).
- Heating device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the heating device has a number of concentric circular ring surfaces (20) having in each case similar surface elements (14).
- Cooking appliance having at least one heating plate and at least one heating device according to one of claims 1 to 15.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10344860 | 2003-09-26 | ||
DE10344860A DE10344860B4 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2003-09-26 | Heating device for a cooking appliance |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1519630A1 EP1519630A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
EP1519630B1 true EP1519630B1 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
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EP04015705A Expired - Lifetime EP1519630B1 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Heater for cooking apparatus or the like |
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EP (1) | EP1519630B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE452524T1 (en) |
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Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3126989A1 (en) * | 1981-07-08 | 1983-01-27 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen | COOKING PLATE |
AT408299B (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 2001-10-25 | Electrovac | HEATING DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC HEATING PLATES, IGNITION DEVICES, TEMPERATURE SENSORS OD. DGL. |
US5932128A (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 1999-08-03 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Switching control system for heating panel with leakage current cancellation |
US6225608B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-05-01 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Circular film heater |
DE10110792B4 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2004-09-23 | Schott Glas | Ceramic cooking system with glass ceramic plate, insulation layer and heating elements |
CA2478142C (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2009-09-15 | Datec Coating Corporation | Sol-gel derived resistive and conductive coating |
DE60207540T2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2006-08-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | INSULATING LAYER FOR A HEATING ELEMENT |
DE10209080B4 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2014-01-09 | Cvt Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing a resistance heating element and a resistance heating element |
-
2003
- 2003-09-26 DE DE10344860A patent/DE10344860B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-07-03 DE DE502004010511T patent/DE502004010511D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-03 AT AT04015705T patent/ATE452524T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-03 EP EP04015705A patent/EP1519630B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE502004010511D1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
DE10344860A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
EP1519630A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
DE10344860B4 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
ATE452524T1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
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