EP0951202A2 - Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate - Google Patents

Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0951202A2
EP0951202A2 EP99107754A EP99107754A EP0951202A2 EP 0951202 A2 EP0951202 A2 EP 0951202A2 EP 99107754 A EP99107754 A EP 99107754A EP 99107754 A EP99107754 A EP 99107754A EP 0951202 A2 EP0951202 A2 EP 0951202A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic plate
plate
hotplate
cooking
underside
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99107754A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0951202A3 (en
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Has
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
Bosch Siemens Hausgerate GmbH
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bosch Siemens Hausgerate GmbH, BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical Bosch Siemens Hausgerate GmbH
Publication of EP0951202A2 publication Critical patent/EP0951202A2/en
Publication of EP0951202A3 publication Critical patent/EP0951202A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hotplate with a ceramic plate, the top serves as a shelf for a cooking container to be heated and on the underside thereof an electrically insulating insulator layer is arranged, the underside of which at least an electric heating element is assigned.
  • Such an electric heating plate is known from the publication DE 41 09 569 A1.
  • This heating plate for an electrically operated cooker comprises a cooking surface serving top layer of good heat-conducting, electrically non-conductive or only poorly conductive ceramic material.
  • Below the top layer is an electrically insulating one Enamel layer is provided, on the underside of which a heat conductor arrangement is printed is.
  • the thickness of the electric is not insulating enamel layer or the top layer, but between the Covered layer and the enamel layer arranged a grounded metal plate.
  • a corresponding hotplate made of glass ceramic is known from the document DE 31 05 065 A1 known. There is because of the increasing electrical with increasing temperature Conductivity of the glass ceramic to increase the operational reliability of the hotplate an earthed metallic layer is evaporated on the underside of the glass ceramic plate or sprayed on.
  • DE 195 10 989 A1 describes a component combination for electrical Heating plates known in which an electrical resistance element, an electrical insulating layer and a heat transfer plate are arranged one above the other.
  • the heat transfer plate consists at least partially of a thermal and electrically conductive metal matrix composite (MMC) material.
  • MMC metal matrix composite
  • the object of the present invention is to ensure the safety of a hotplate to improve the preamble of claim 1 with simple means.
  • this is achieved in that the ceramic plate from thermal and electrically conductive material exists, and that the ceramic plate is grounded. So it is dispenses with the previously known solutions, namely to increase the electrical safety of hot plates on a particularly stable and well insulating Insulation layer between the ceramic plate and the heating element or on an additional grounded metal layer between the ceramic hotplate and the insulator layer.
  • the electrical conductivity is particularly simple the ceramic plate itself. If the conductive ceramic plate is due to a Insulation fault to be connected to voltage, the grounding measure known fuse of the hotplate or the household triggered.
  • the thickness of the insulator layer may be less than be about 1 mm. On the one hand, this is completely sufficient for the safety of the hotplate and on the other hand, small layer thicknesses can be realized, which are caused by temperature stress the hotplate is less prone to flaking or jumping off. Furthermore, a thin insulator layer results in less heat loss.
  • the ceramic plate is made of a metal matrix composite (MMC) material.
  • MMC metal matrix composite
  • Such composite ceramics exist, for example from a porous base body made of silicon ceramic, which with a metal, for example Aluminum, is soaked.
  • MMC metal matrix composite
  • its properties can be targeted in terms of mechanical, influence thermal and electrical properties. This will make it, for example possible adaptation of the thermal expansion properties of the ceramic plate or heat transfer plate to achieve that of the insulation material. Especially can make electrical connections to ground the plate during the manufacturing process the ceramic plate can be realized.
  • Other advantageous properties result from the publication DE 195 10 989 A1.
  • the specific electrical resistance of the ceramic plate is at most about 0.35 ⁇ mm 2 / m, which corresponds to that of typical iron.
  • a suitable composition of the composite ceramic enables the electrical conductivity required in the particular circumstances to be specifically implemented.
  • a circular hotplate 1 is provided for insertion into a hob known per se, for example with a glass plate with corresponding circular recesses.
  • the hotplate 1 has a three-layer structure.
  • the uppermost layer is formed by a ceramic plate 3 made of metal matrix composite (MMC) material carrying the cookware
  • the middle layer is an insulator layer 5 made of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 )
  • the bottom layer is formed by a lower heating conductor layer 7 educated.
  • the heating conductor 7 is applied to the underside of the insulator layer 5 by means of printing technology.
  • the thickness of the insulator layer 5 is approximately 0.7 mm.
  • the ceramic plate 3 has a specific electrical resistance of significantly less than 0.35 ⁇ mm 2 / m. In the event of a fault, a fuse of the hotplate 1, which is known per se and is not shown, is triggered during the electrical breakdown from the heating conductor 7 to the ceramic plate 3 as a result of its grounding.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)

Abstract

Bekannt ist eine Kochplatte mit einer Keramikplatte, deren Oberseite als Abstellfläche für ein zu beheizendes Garbehältnis dient und an deren Unterseite eine elektrisch isolierende Isolatorschicht angeordnet ist, deren Unterseite ein elektrisches Heizelement zugeordnet ist. Um mit einfachen Mitteln die elektrische Sicherheit der Kochplatte gewährleisten zu können, besteht die Keramikplatte aus thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigem Material, wobei die Keramikplatte geerdet ist. <IMAGE>A hotplate with a ceramic plate is known, the upper side of which serves as a storage surface for a cooking container to be heated and an electrically insulating insulator layer is arranged on the underside, the underside of which is associated with an electric heating element. In order to be able to guarantee the electrical safety of the hotplate with simple means, the ceramic plate consists of thermally and electrically conductive material, the ceramic plate being earthed. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Kochplatte mit einer Keramikplatte, deren Oberseite als Abstellfläche für ein zu beheizendes Garbehältnis dient und an deren Unterseite eine elektrisch isolierende Isolatorschicht angeordnet ist, deren Unterseite zumindest ein elektrisches Heizelement zugeordnet ist.The present invention relates to a hotplate with a ceramic plate, the top serves as a shelf for a cooking container to be heated and on the underside thereof an electrically insulating insulator layer is arranged, the underside of which at least an electric heating element is assigned.

Eine derartige elektrische Heizplatte ist bekannt aus der Druckschrift DE 41 09 569 A1. Diese Heizplatte für einen elektrisch betriebenen Kochherd umfaßt eine als Kochfläche dienende Deckschicht aus gut wärmeleitendem, elektrisch nicht oder nur schlecht leitendem keramischen Material. Unterhalb der Deckschicht ist eine elektrisch isolierende Emailleschicht vorgesehen, auf deren Unterseite eine Heizleiteranordnung aufgedruckt ist. Zur Steigerung der Sicherheit dieser Heizplatte ist nicht die Dicke der elektrisch isolierenden Emailleschicht oder der Deckschicht vergrößert, sondern zwischen der Deckschicht und der Emailleschicht eine geerdete Metallplatte angeordnet.Such an electric heating plate is known from the publication DE 41 09 569 A1. This heating plate for an electrically operated cooker comprises a cooking surface serving top layer of good heat-conducting, electrically non-conductive or only poorly conductive ceramic material. Below the top layer is an electrically insulating one Enamel layer is provided, on the underside of which a heat conductor arrangement is printed is. To increase the safety of this heating plate, the thickness of the electric is not insulating enamel layer or the top layer, but between the Covered layer and the enamel layer arranged a grounded metal plate.

Eine entsprechende Kochplatte aus Glaskeramik ist aus der Druckschrift DE 31 05 065 A1 bekannt. Dort ist wegen der mit steigender Temperatur zunehmenden elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Glaskeramik zur Steigerung der Betriebssicherheit der Kochplatte auf der Unterseite der Glaskeramik-Platte eine geerdete metallische Schicht aufgedampft oder aufgespritzt.A corresponding hotplate made of glass ceramic is known from the document DE 31 05 065 A1 known. There is because of the increasing electrical with increasing temperature Conductivity of the glass ceramic to increase the operational reliability of the hotplate an earthed metallic layer is evaporated on the underside of the glass ceramic plate or sprayed on.

Weiterhin ist aus der Druckschrift DE 195 10 989 A1 eine Bauteilkombination für elektrische Heizplatten bekannt, bei der ein elektrisches Widerstandselemente, eine elektrisch isolierende Schicht und eine Wärmeträgerplatte übereinander angeordnet sind. Dabei besteht die Wärmeträgerplatte wenigstens zum Teil aus einem thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigen Metall-Matrix-Verbund-(MMC)-Material. Furthermore, DE 195 10 989 A1 describes a component combination for electrical Heating plates known in which an electrical resistance element, an electrical insulating layer and a heat transfer plate are arranged one above the other. The heat transfer plate consists at least partially of a thermal and electrically conductive metal matrix composite (MMC) material.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Sicherheit bei einer Kochplatte nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 mit einfachen Mitteln zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to ensure the safety of a hotplate to improve the preamble of claim 1 with simple means.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dies dadurch erreicht, daß die Keramikplatte aus thermisch und elektrisch leiffähigem Material besteht, und daß die Keramikplatte geerdet ist. Es ist also auf die bisher bekannten Lösungswege verzichtet, nämlich zur Steigerung der elektrischen Sicherheit von Kochplatten auf eine besonders stabile und gut isolierende lsolationsschicht zwischen der Keramikplatte und dem Heizelement oder auf eine zusätzliche geerdete Metallschicht zwischen der Keramikkochplatte und der Isolatorschicht. Im Fehlerfall wird auf besonders einfache Weise die elektrische Leiffähigkeit der Keramikplatte selbst genutzt. Sollte die leiffähige Keramikplatte aufgrund eines lsolationsfehlers an Spannung gelegt sein, wird durch die Erdungsmaßnahme die an sich bekannte Sicherung der Kochplatte bzw. des Haushaltes ausgelöst.According to the invention this is achieved in that the ceramic plate from thermal and electrically conductive material exists, and that the ceramic plate is grounded. So it is dispenses with the previously known solutions, namely to increase the electrical safety of hot plates on a particularly stable and well insulating Insulation layer between the ceramic plate and the heating element or on an additional grounded metal layer between the ceramic hotplate and the insulator layer. In the event of a fault, the electrical conductivity is particularly simple the ceramic plate itself. If the conductive ceramic plate is due to a Insulation fault to be connected to voltage, the grounding measure known fuse of the hotplate or the household triggered.

Infolge der Erdung der Keramikplatte kann die Dicke der Isolatorschicht geringer als etwa 1 mm sein. Dies ist zum einen für die Sicherheit der Kochplatte völlig ausreichend und zum anderen können geringe Schichtdicken realisiert werden, die bei der Temperaturbeanspruchung der Kochplatte weniger zum Abplatzen oder Abspringen neigen. Weiterhin hat eine dünne Isolatorschicht geringere Wärmeverluste zur Folge.Due to the grounding of the ceramic plate, the thickness of the insulator layer may be less than be about 1 mm. On the one hand, this is completely sufficient for the safety of the hotplate and on the other hand, small layer thicknesses can be realized, which are caused by temperature stress the hotplate is less prone to flaking or jumping off. Furthermore, a thin insulator layer results in less heat loss.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Keramikplatte aus einem Metall-Matrix-Verbund-(MMC)-Material. Derartige Verbundkeramiken bestehen beispielsweise aus einem porösen Grundkörper aus Siliziumkeramik, der mit einem Metall, beispielsweise Aluminium, getränkt ist. Durch die Auswahl der Zusammensetzungen dieses Verbundmaterials lassen sich dessen Eigenschaften gezielt hinsichtlich mechanischer, thermischer und elektrischer Eigenschaften beeinflussen. Dadurch wird es beispielsweise möglich eine Anpassung der Wärmeausdehnungseigenschaften der Keramikplatte bzw. Wärmeträgerplatte an die des lsolationsmaterials zu erreichen. Insbesondere können elektrische Anschlüsse zur Erdung der Platte bereits beim Herstellungsprozeß der Keramikplatte realisiert werden. Weitere vorteilhafte Eigenschaften ergeben sich aus der Druckschrift DE 195 10 989 A1.According to a preferred embodiment, the ceramic plate is made of a metal matrix composite (MMC) material. Such composite ceramics exist, for example from a porous base body made of silicon ceramic, which with a metal, for example Aluminum, is soaked. By choosing the compositions of this Composite material, its properties can be targeted in terms of mechanical, influence thermal and electrical properties. This will make it, for example possible adaptation of the thermal expansion properties of the ceramic plate or heat transfer plate to achieve that of the insulation material. Especially can make electrical connections to ground the plate during the manufacturing process the ceramic plate can be realized. Other advantageous properties result from the publication DE 195 10 989 A1.

Um ein sicheres Auslösen der Sicherung der Kochplatte zu garantieren, beträgt der spezifisch elektrische Widerstand der Keramikplatte höchstens etwa 0,35 Ω mm2 /m, was dem von typischen Eisen entspricht. Durch eine geeignete Zusammensetzung der Verbund-Keramik kann die bei den jeweiligen Gegebenheiten erforderliche elektrische Leiffähigkeit gezielt realisiert werden.In order to guarantee a safe triggering of the fuse of the hot plate, the specific electrical resistance of the ceramic plate is at most about 0.35 Ω mm 2 / m, which corresponds to that of typical iron. A suitable composition of the composite ceramic enables the electrical conductivity required in the particular circumstances to be specifically implemented.

Nachfolgend ist anhand einer stark vereinfachten Schnittdarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Kochplatte beschrieben.An exemplary embodiment is given below on the basis of a greatly simplified sectional illustration described the hotplate according to the invention.

Eine kreisförmige Kochplatte 1 ist zum Einsetzen in ein an sich bekanntes Kochfeld, beispielsweise mit einer Glasplatte mit entsprechenden kreisförmigen Ausnehmungen vorgesehen. Die Kochplatte 1 weist eine Dreischichtstruktur auf. Die oberste Schicht ist durch eine das Kochgeschirr tragende Keramikplatte 3 aus Metall-Matrix-Verbund-(MMC)-Material gebildet, die mittlere Schicht ist eine Isolatorschicht 5 aus Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3) und die unterste Schicht ist durch eine untere Heizleiterschicht 7 gebildet. Der Heizleiter 7 ist mittels Drucktechnik auf die Unterseite der Isolatorschicht 5 aufgebracht. Die Dicke der Isolatorschicht 5 beträgt etwa 0,7 mm. Die Keramikplatte 3 weist einen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von deutlich geringer als 0,35 Ω mm2 /m auf. Im Fehlerfall wird beim elektrischen Durchschlag vom Heizleiter 7 auf die Keramikplatte 3 infolge deren Erdung eine an sich bekannte nicht gezeigte Sicherung der Kochplatte 1 ausgelöst.A circular hotplate 1 is provided for insertion into a hob known per se, for example with a glass plate with corresponding circular recesses. The hotplate 1 has a three-layer structure. The uppermost layer is formed by a ceramic plate 3 made of metal matrix composite (MMC) material carrying the cookware, the middle layer is an insulator layer 5 made of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and the bottom layer is formed by a lower heating conductor layer 7 educated. The heating conductor 7 is applied to the underside of the insulator layer 5 by means of printing technology. The thickness of the insulator layer 5 is approximately 0.7 mm. The ceramic plate 3 has a specific electrical resistance of significantly less than 0.35 Ω mm 2 / m. In the event of a fault, a fuse of the hotplate 1, which is known per se and is not shown, is triggered during the electrical breakdown from the heating conductor 7 to the ceramic plate 3 as a result of its grounding.

Claims (4)

Kochplatte mit einer Keramikplatte, deren Oberseite als Abstellfläche für ein zu beheizendes Garbehältnis dient und an deren Unterseite eine elektrisch isolierende Isolatorschicht angeordnet ist, deren Unterseite ein elektrisches Heizelement zugeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzechnet, daß die Keramikplatte (3) aus thermisch und elektrisch leiffähigem Material besteht, und daß die Keramikplatte (3) geerdet ist.Cooking plate with a ceramic plate, the top of which serves as a storage space for a cooking container to be heated and on the underside of which an electrically insulating insulator layer is arranged, the underside of which is assigned an electrical heating element, characterized in that the ceramic plate (3) consists of thermally and electrically conductive material , and that the ceramic plate (3) is grounded. Kochplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Isolatorschicht (5) geringer als etwa 1 mm ist.Hotplate according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the insulator layer (5) is less than about 1 mm. Kochplatte nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Keramikplatte (3) aus einem Metall-Matrix-Verbund-(MMC)-Material besteht.Cooking plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ceramic plate (3) consists of a metal matrix composite (MMC) material. Kochplatte nach Anspruch 1,2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der spezifische elektrische Widerstand der Keramikplatte (3) höchstens etwa 0,35 Ω mm2/m beträgt.Cooking plate according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the specific electrical resistance of the ceramic plate (3) is at most about 0.35 Ω mm 2 / m.
EP99107754A 1998-04-17 1999-04-19 Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate Withdrawn EP0951202A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19817194 1998-04-17
DE1998117194 DE19817194A1 (en) 1998-04-17 1998-04-17 Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate

Publications (2)

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EP0951202A2 true EP0951202A2 (en) 1999-10-20
EP0951202A3 EP0951202A3 (en) 2000-05-10

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EP99107754A Withdrawn EP0951202A3 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-19 Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate

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DE (1) DE19817194A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000015005A1 (en) * 1998-09-03 2000-03-16 Aktiebolaget Electrolux An insulated thin film heater
WO2000065876A1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2000-11-02 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Thin film heater with barrier layer
WO2002071802A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-12 Schott Glas Ceramic hob
WO2002071804A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-12 Schott Glas Ceramic cooking system comprising a glass ceramic plate, an insulation layer and heating elements
WO2003105531A1 (en) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-18 Schott Glas Cooking system comprising a directly heated glass-ceramic plate
WO2007002861A2 (en) 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Smart layered heater surfaces
EP3382283A2 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-03 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Household device component with a ceramic part, a metal part and an additional part, and method for producing a household device component

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10242481C1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2003-12-04 Schott Glas Glass ceramic hob comprises low-expansion sintered glass ceramic containing specified high percentage of cordierite in main crystal phase

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT312759B (en) * 1972-01-19 1974-01-25 Elektra Bregenz Gmbh Device for the thermal treatment of food to be cooked and / or roasted
DE2418161A1 (en) * 1974-04-13 1975-10-23 Licentia Gmbh Electric boiling plate with a ceramic base - in which heating wire is embedded and which is covered by strong ceramic laye
DE3105065A1 (en) * 1981-02-12 1982-08-19 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Glass-ceramic hotplate
DE3506946A1 (en) * 1985-02-27 1986-08-28 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Electrical hotplate
DE4109569A1 (en) * 1991-03-22 1992-09-24 Buchtal Gmbh Electric heating plate for cooking hob - has metal plate with printed conductor pattern beneath thermally conductive cover layer
AT408299B (en) * 1994-03-30 2001-10-25 Electrovac HEATING DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC HEATING PLATES, IGNITION DEVICES, TEMPERATURE SENSORS OD. DGL.

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000015005A1 (en) * 1998-09-03 2000-03-16 Aktiebolaget Electrolux An insulated thin film heater
WO2000065876A1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2000-11-02 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Thin film heater with barrier layer
WO2002071802A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-12 Schott Glas Ceramic hob
WO2002071804A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-12 Schott Glas Ceramic cooking system comprising a glass ceramic plate, an insulation layer and heating elements
US6921882B2 (en) 2001-03-06 2005-07-26 Schott Ag Ceramic cooktop
WO2003105531A1 (en) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-18 Schott Glas Cooking system comprising a directly heated glass-ceramic plate
WO2007002861A2 (en) 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Smart layered heater surfaces
WO2007002861A3 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-07-05 Watlow Electric Mfg Smart layered heater surfaces
US8847121B2 (en) 2005-06-29 2014-09-30 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Smart layered heater surfaces
EP3382283A2 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-03 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Household device component with a ceramic part, a metal part and an additional part, and method for producing a household device component

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0951202A3 (en) 2000-05-10
DE19817194A1 (en) 1999-10-21

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